E. Pauline Johnson

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economic, and political positions, women often had to play the roles as mediators for men, practising ambiguity and disloyalty for the sake of their safety and sanctity. The notion of shifting identity is seen in "The Ballad of Yaada" (1913), where a female character explains "not to friend – but unto foeman I belong ... though you hate, / I still must love him," which suggests the potential for communities to understand one another through love and kindness. But she also explores the risk of the coming together of communities and cultures. Johnson's mixed-race heroine Esther, in "As It Was in the Beginning", kills her unfaithful White lover. With the words "I am a Redskin, but I am something else, too – I am a woman", Esther is demanding recognition of multiple subjectivities. Johnson was trying to convey that the real world consists of much more than oppressive ideologies and artificial divisions of race and nation enforced by authoritative figures such as the racist Protestant minister in this story, revealingly nicknamed "St Paul" after the biblical misogynist.

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them by traditional Indigenous oral storytelling before his death in 1886. Johnson taught his life lessons and stories in Mohawk; the children understood it but were not fluent in speaking it. Smoke Johnson's dramatic talents as a storyteller were absorbed by Pauline, who became known for her talent for elocution and her stage performances. She wore artifacts passed onto her by her Mohawk grandparents, such as a bear claw necklace, wampum belts, and various masks. Later in her life, Pauline Johnson expressed regret for not learning more of her grandfather's Mohawk heritage and language.

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children to respect and learn about both their Mohawk and English heritage. Because George Johnson had partial Mohawk ancestry, his children were, by British law, legally considered Mohawk and wards of the British Crown. But, according to the Mohawk matrilineal kinship system, children are considered born into the mother's family, and take their status from her. Thus the Johnson children were considered to belong to no Mohawk family or clan, and were excluded from important aspects of the tribe's matrilineal culture.

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religion and those of the dominant culture, works to show the Six Nations to be as politically responsible as, and far less sexist than, the British; the one God of the Longhouse to be more benign than the Christian God; and Iroquois traditions to be more time-tested, healthy, and virtuous than those of a corrupted urban modernity. However, her patriotic enthusiasm for Canada and the Crown, as expressed in "Canadian Born" and elsewhere, seems at odds with her Indigenous advocacy.

616: 1141:, that contains all of Johnson's poems found up to that date. A number of biographers and literary critics have downplayed her literary contributions, as they contend that her performances contributed most to her literary reputation during her lifetime. W. J. Keith wrote: "Pauline Johnson's life was more interesting than her writing ... with ambitions as a poet, she produced little or nothing of value in the eyes of critics who emphasize style rather than content." 1067: 3751: 509:, who had capital and social standing, and elite daughters of First Nations chiefs, in what were considered valuable economic and social alliances by both sides. Shortly after their marriage George became a chief of the Six Nations and was appointed as Crown interpreter for the Six Nations. In 1856 Johnson built Chiefswood, a wood mansion at his 225-acre estate. He and his family lived here for years at the Six Nations reserve outside 291: 3709: 4669: 756:. "The poise and grace of this beautiful young woman standing before them captivated the audience even before she began to recite—not read, as the others had done"—her "Cry from an Indian Wife". She was the only author to be called back for an encore. "She had scored a personal triumph and saved the evening from turning into a disaster." The success of this performance began the poet's 15-year stage career. 1330:) remembers stumbling across "The Cattle Thief" in the public library: "I hand-copied that entire poem right then and there and carried it around with me, reading it over and over." Later she wrote a poem about Johnson entitled "she writes us alive." There are numerous other examples of contemporary Indigenous artists, women and men alike, who were inspired by Johnson, notably within Canadian literature. 1162:(1972), her seminal work. At its publication, she had said she could not find Native works. She mused, "Why did I overlook Pauline Johnson? Perhaps because, being half-white, she somehow didn't rate as the real thing, even among Natives; although she is undergoing reclamation today." Atwood's comments indicated that Johnson's multicultural identity contributed to her neglect by critics. 1229:" as racist, mistakenly asserting that Johnson wrote the poem on which the song is based. In a letter to parents, they said, "While its lyrics are not overtly racist ... the historical context of the song is racist." Some experts disagreed with this assertion, and the music teacher, who arranged for the song to be performed at a school concert, sued the administration for defamation. 3723: 1038:. Devotion to her persisted after her death. Her funeral was held on what would have been her 52nd birthday. It was the largest public funeral in Vancouver history to that time. The city closed its offices and flew flags at half-mast; a memorial service was held in Vancouver's most prestigious church, the Anglican cathedral supervised by the 493:. After his second wife died (women had a high mortality in childbirth), Howells married a third time; he fathered a total of 24 children. He opposed slavery and encouraged his children to "pray for the blacks and to pity the poor Indians". His compassion did not preclude his believing that his own race was superior to others. 699:

River. Later she wrote what was described as "intensely erotic poetry." Due to her career, she was unwilling to set aside her racial heritage and adapt to placate partners or in-laws. Despite everything, Johnson consistently had a strong network of supportive female friends and attested to the importance they had in her life.

535: 740:. Shortly after her father's death in 1884, the family rented out Chiefswood. Johnson moved with her widowed mother and sister to a modest home in Brantford. She worked to support them all, and found that her stage performances enabled her to make a living. Johnson supported her mother until her death in 1898. 1246:

of the state of Canadian Native Literature in the 1960s, pointed to the importance of this era as establishing the foundation for the new wave of Indigenous writing that surged in the 1980s and 1990s. Lutz identified "1967 as the beginning of contemporary writing by Native authors in Canada", marking

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At 31 years old, Johnson was perceived as a young and exotic Native beauty. After her first recital season, she decided to emphasize the Native aspects of her public persona in her theatrical performances. Johnson created a two-part act that would confound the dichotomy of her European and Indigenous

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An examination of the reception of Johnson's writing over the course of a century provides an opportunity to study changing notions of literary value, and the shifting demarcation between high and popular culture. During her lifetime, this line scarcely existed in Canada, where nationalism prevailed

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headline on the day of her funeral in March 1913 simply stated, "Canada's poetess is laid to rest". During the following decade, an "elegiac quality often imbued references to Pauline Johnson". To Euro-Canadians, she was considered the last spokesperson for a people destined to disappear: "The time

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Johnson drew on her mixed ethnic background and cultural heritages as a major theme in her work. The heroine of her short story "The De Lisle Affair" (1897), was disguised. Readers were discomforted due to the uncertainty of appearances, particularly amongst women. Due to their subordinated social,

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Women are fonder of me than men are. I have had none fail me, and I hope I have failed none. It is a keen pleasure for me to meet a congenial woman, one that I feel will understand me, and will in turn let me peep into her own life- having confidence in me, that is one of the dearest things between

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Johnson's mother emphasized refinement and decorum in raising her children, cultivating an "aloof dignity" that she felt would earn them respect in their adulthood. Pauline Johnson's elegant manners and aristocratic air owed much to this background and training. George Johnson encouraged their four

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and intended to join the American abolitionist movement. Emily's mother, Mary Best Howells, died when the girl was five, when they were still in England. Her widowed father married again before they left for the US. In the US, he moved his family to several American cities, where he founded schools

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were confined to artificial reserves; settler attitudes towards the Dominion's original inhabitants curdled and hardened. Johnson critiqued some Canadian policies that resulted in such legalized and justified mistreatment of Indigenous peoples. For example, in her poem "A Cry From an Indian Wife",

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Despite growing up in a time when racism against Indigenous people was normalized and common, Johnson and her siblings were encouraged to appreciate their Mohawk ancestry and culture. Her paternal grandfather John Smoke Johnson was a respected authority figure for her and her siblings. He educated

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and European interests. He was well respected in Ontario. He also made enemies because of his efforts to stop illegal trading of reserve timber. Physically attacked by Native and non-Native men involved in this and liquor traffic, Johnson suffered from severe health problems; he died of a fever in

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the Mohawk name of her great-grandfather, wearing a costume that served as a pastiche and assemblage of generic "Indian" objects that did not belong to one individual nation. But, her costume from 1892 to 1895 included items she had received from Mohawk and other sources, such as scalps inherited

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in her lifetime. Though the number of official romantic interests remains unknown, two later romances were identified as Charles R. L. Drayton in 1890 and Charles Wuerz in 1900. But, Johnson never married nor remained in relationships for very long. She was said to have flirted with boys in Grand

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Johnson is capable of remarkably clear dissections of the racist habits of the time, a clarity that comes out of her standpoint as a privileged Mohawk educated in both Haudenosaunee society and white Anglo-Canadian culture. Her deft use of analogues between Iroquois traditions of government and

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Previous publication unknown: "The Art of Alma-Tadema", "At Half-Mast", "The City and The Sea", "Golden – Of the Selkirks", "Good-Bye", "Guard of the Eastern Gate", "Lady Icicle", "Lady Lorgnette", "Prairie Greyhounds", "The Riders of the Plains" , "The Sleeping Giant", "A Toast", "Your Mirror

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in the Mohawk Valley came under intense pressure. The Mohawk and three other Haudenosaunee nations had allied with the British rather than the rebel colonists. Jacob Johnson and his family moved to Canada. After the war, they settled permanently in Ontario on land given by the Crown in partial

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2015: Juno-nominated Canadian Composer Timothy Corlis was commissioned by the Electra Women's Choir through a Canada Council grant to create a piece of music for Canadian percussionist Beverly Johnston. His piece, "Songs of the White Wampum", sets to music a suite of five of Pauline Johnsons

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There are many interpretations of Johnson's performances. The artist is quoted saying "I may act till the world grows wild and tense". Her shows were tremendously popular. She toured all across North America with her friend and fellow performer, and later business manager, Walter MacRaye. Her

627:, a residential school established in 1834. Her education was mostly at home and informal, derived from her mother, a series of non-Native governesses, a few years at the small school on the reserve, and self-guided reading in her family's expansive library. She read deeply in the works of 504:

Much to the chagrin and displeasure of both their families, Johnson and Howells married in 1853. The birth of their first child reconciled the rift between their respective families. Several prominent Canadian families were descended from 18th- and 19th-century marriages between British

1255:. His discussion briefly mentioned Johnson but he did not acknowledge that 1961 marked the centennial of Johnson's birth; the resulting celebration nationally demonstrated the endurance of her prominence in Indigenous and Canadian literature and popular culture. 1338:

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, government policies towards Indigenous Canadians were increasingly cruel. Across the continent, Indigenous children were forcibly removed to residential schools; on the Prairies, communities such as the Dogrib, Cree and

879:. Her "Ode to Brant" was read at a 13 October ceremony before "the largest crowd the little city had ever seen". It called for brotherhood between Native and white Canadians under British imperial authority. The poem sparked a long article in the Toronto 926:

noted her for praise in his review of the book; he quoted her entire poem "In the Shadows" and called her "the most interesting poetess now living". In her early works, Johnson wrote mostly about Canadian life, landscapes, and love in a

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Johnson was signed up by Frank Yeigh, who had organized the Liberal event. He gave her the headline for her first show on 19 February 1892, where she made her debut with a new poem written for the event, "The Song My Paddle Sings".

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for writing about indigenous life, although he was Euro-Canadian. But a new generation of feminist scholars has begun to counter narratives of Canadian literary history and Johnson is being recognised for her literary efforts.

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of her birth, that Johnson began to be recognized as an important Canadian cultural figure. This was also the beginning of a period when the writing of women and First Nations people began to be re-evaluated and recognized.

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among the Mohawk, British, and representatives of the government of Canada, the Johnsons were seen as part of Canadian high society. They were visited by distinguished intellectual and political guests of the time, including

273:(1913). While her literary reputation declined after her death, since the late 20th century there has been a renewed interest in her life and works. In 2002, a complete collection of her known poetry was published, entitled 1423:

1961: On the centennial of her birth, Johnson was celebrated with a commemorative stamp bearing her image; she was "the first woman (other than the Queen), the first author, and the first aboriginal Canadian to thus be

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The Young Men's Liberal Association invited Johnson to a Canadian authors evening in 1892 at the Toronto Art School Gallery. The only woman at the event, she read to an overflow crowd, along with poets including

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husband. Emily helped her sister care for her growing family. After falling in love with George Johnson, Howells gained a better understanding of the Native peoples and some perspective on her father's beliefs.

987:", as the inlet seemed to disappear when the water emptied at low tide. The body of water has since been transformed into a permanent, fresh-water lake at Stanley Park, but it is still called Lost Lagoon. 780:) Victorian English woman to recite her "English" verse. Many of the items on her native dress were sold to museums such as the Ontario Provincial Museum, or to collectors such as the prominent American 717: 1221:

In the 21st century, some have questioned the moral ambiguity of Johnson's work and whether she herself was racist. In 2017 school administrators at the High Park Alternative Public School in

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wrote "Pauline Johnson's physical body died in 1913, but her spirit still communicates to us who are Native women writers. She walked the writing path clearing the brush for us to follow."

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E. Pauline Johnson has received much less attention than one might expect for an accomplished and controversial literary figure. Older critics often dismissed Johnson's work; in 1988 critic

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This list cites the first known publication of individual texts, as well as first appearance in one of Johnson's books, based on the work of Veronica Jane Strong-Boag and Carole Gerson.

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people during the 1980s and 1990s has also prompted writers and scholars to investigate Native oral and written literary history, to which Johnson made a significant contribution.

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headline on the day of her funeral said, "Canada's poetess is laid to rest". Smaller memorial services were also held in Brantford, Ontario, organized by Euro-Canadian admirers.

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popularity was part of the immense interest by European Americans and Europeans in Indigenous peoples throughout the 19th century; the 1890s were also the period of popularity of

1420:, based on both her and her father's historical significance. It has been preserved as a house museum and is the oldest Indigenous mansion surviving from before Confederation. 1144:

Despite the acclaim she received from contemporaries, Johnson had a decline in reputation in the decades after her death. It was not until 1961, with commemoration of the

1514:, both Canadian. The work premiered on 23 May 2014, at the York Theatre in Vancouver. The first opera to be written about Johnson, it is set in the last week of her life. 4804: 3792:"Tekahionwake: an Indian Poetess in London," Pauline Johnson Archive: Tekahionwake. Archives and Research Collections, McMaster University. Retrieved 15 November 2009. 1039: 1086:

was erected at her burial site with the inscription stating, in part, "In memory of one whose life and writings were an uplift and a blessing to our nation". During

387: 234:. She was a key figure in the construction of the field as an institution and has made an indelible mark on Indigenous women's writing and performance as a whole. 1454:

2004: An Ontario Historical Plaque was erected in front of the Chiefswood house museum by the province to commemorate Johnson's role in the region's heritage.

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As a writer and performer, Johnson was a central figure in literary and performance history of Indigenous women in Canada. Of her importance, Mohawk writer

415:. Her great-grandfather Tekahionwake was born in 1758 in the province of New York. When he was baptized, he took the name Jacob Johnson. He was named after 1200:'s biography of Johnson by deprecating "The Song My Paddle Sings". Even in regard to scholarship, Johnson was often overlooked in the 1980s in favour of 230:

Johnson's poetry was published in Canada, the United States, and Great Britain, and she was among a generation of widely read writers who began to define

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must come for us to go down, and when it comes may we have the strength to meet our fate with such fortitude and silent dignity as did the Red Man his."

1002:(1913) are collections of selected stories first published in periodicals. Johnson wrote on a variety of sentimental, didactic, and biographical topics. 912:. Johnson is considered among a group of Canadian authors who were contributing to a distinct national literature. The inclusion of two of her poems in 419:, the influential British Superintendent of Indian Affairs, who acted as his godfather. The Johnson surname was subsequently passed down in the family. 4247: 1444: 1158: 496:

At the age of 21, Emily Howells moved to the Six Nations reserve in Ontario, Canada, to join her older sister, who had moved there with her Anglican

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Johnson influence over other female Indigenous Canadian writers was expressed by their references to her throughout various decades, for example:

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Monture, Rick (2002). "Beneath the British Flag: Iroquois and Canadian Nationalism in the Work of Pauline Johnson and Duncan Campbell Scott".

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At intermission, she changed into fashionable English dress. In act two, she came out as a pro-North West Mounted Police (now known as the

4764: 4749: 4734: 4677:- Biography and 5 poems (Brier: Good Friday, Flint and Feather, The Pilot of the Plains, Shadow River: Muskoka, The Song my Paddle Sings) 4537: 1082:. Despite Johnson's preference for an unmarked grave, the Women's Canadian Club sought to raise money for a monument for her. In 1922, a 451: 960:. In 1911, to help support Johnson, who was ill and poor, a group of friends organized the publication of these stories under the title 1483:

2010: Composer Jeff Enns was commissioned to create a song based on Johnson's poem "At Sunset". His work was sung and recorded by the

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At the age of 14, Johnson went to Brantford Central Collegiate with her brother Allen. She graduated in 1877. A fellow schoolmate was

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Scholars have had difficulty identifying Johnson's complete works, as much was published in periodicals. Her first volume of poetry,

223:), was a Canadian poet, author, and performer who was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Her father was a hereditary 4799: 4714: 4091:

Gerson, Carole (1998). "The Most Canadian of all Canadian Poets': Pauline Johnson and the Construction of a National Literature".

516:

In his roles as government interpreter and hereditary chief, George Johnson developed a reputation as a talented mediator between

484:, England, to a well-established British family who had immigrated to the United States in 1832. Her father, Henry Howells, was a 1196:

misrepresented Johnson as a "Mohawk Princess", ignoring her scholarly accomplishments. And in 1999 Patrick Watson introduced the

957: 355: 3840:, Halifax, NS: Formac Publishing. p. 4, cited by "Johnson Family Tree." Chiefswood National Historic Site. Accessed 27 May 2011. 1177:

and a figure of resistance to dominant ideas about race, gender, Native Rights, and Canada. The growth in literature written by

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Johnson's ashes were placed in Stanley Park near Siwash Rock, through the special intervention of the governor general, the

4739: 4724: 1165:

As Atwood noted, since the late 20th century, Johnson's writings and performance career have been reevaluated by literary,

334: 624: 576: 550:, Ontario. She was the youngest of four children of Emily Susanna Howells Johnson (1824–1898), an English immigrant, and 308: 1380: 4754: 4280: 242: 4267:'Beneath the British Flag': Iroquois and Canadian Nationalism in the Work of Pauline Johnson and Duncan Campbell Scott 4719: 4504: 4490: 4476: 4390: 4220: 4048: 3984: 3963: 3921: 1417: 374: 341: 4794: 3820: 868:. She wrote a poem expressing admiration for him and a plea for reconciliation between British and Native peoples. 447: 416: 4644: 4414: 976: 892:

During the 1880s, Johnson built her reputation as a Canadian writer, regularly publishing in periodicals such as

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Cruickshank, Ainslie (7 December 2017). "Toronto music teacher sues after principal, VP call folk song racist".

4784: 3856: 543: 469:

George Johnson inherited his father's gift for languages and began his career as an Anglican Church missionary

427: 323: 312: 85: 35: 54: 4769: 881: 777: 773:

belt, spiritual masks, and other paraphernalia. During this act she would recite dramatic "Indian" lyrics.

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In 1886, Johnson was commissioned to write a poem to mark the unveiling in Brantford of a statue honouring

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in 1903. The contents of these volumes, together with additional poems, were published as the collection

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and a founding family of the Six Nations reserve. Through her lineage and influence (as the Mohawk had a

400: 4640: 810: 1270: 876: 648: 596: 423: 4457: 4433: 2201:"There and Back, by Miss Poetry (E. Pauline Johnson), and Mr Prose (Owen A. Smily)", 15 December, 3–4. 3524: 3169:"The Legend of the Squamish Twins", retitled "The Recluse of Capilano Canyon", retitled "The Recluse" 904: 682: 31: 3938: 1521:

2016: Johnson was one of five finalists of significant women to be featured on Canadian banknotes;

446:

to the Crown during the War of 1812, Smoke Johnson was made a Pine Tree Chief at the request of the

3100:"The Deep Waters: A Rare Squamish Legend", retitled "The Great Deep Water: A Legend of 'The Flood'" 1226: 1188:

characterized her readers dismissively as "tourists, grandmothers ... and the curious". In 1992, a

1056: 886: 749: 4447: 3172:"The Lost Salmon Run: A Legend of the Pacific Coast", retitled "The Legend of the Lost Salmon Run" 1018: 4600: 1495: 1178: 821:

In 1883 Johnson published her first full-length poem, "My Little Jean", in the New York magazine

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Pauline Johnson attracted many potential suitors, and her sister recalled more than half a dozen

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and Carole Gerson provided a provisional chronological list of Johnson's writings in their book

931:

mode, reflective of literary interests shared with her mother, rather than her Mohawk heritage.

348: 3774: 1484: 1370: 1075: 913: 852:, but as an adult spent little time with people of that culture. In 1885, Johnson travelled to 745: 1461:

read the following quote from her poem "Autumn's Orchestra", at the opening ceremonies of the

1416:

1953: Chiefswood, Johnson's childhood home, constructed in 1856 in Brantford, was listed as a

1201: 975:"as an indestructible monument to Clean Fatherhood". In another, Johnson told the history of 923: 829: 753: 671: 632: 584: 4402:"Final 5 candidates for next Canadian woman on banknote revealed by Bank of Canada". cbc.ca. 4709: 4704: 4682: 1462: 1432: 1134: 1003: 845: 653: 450:. Although his title could not be inherited, his wife Helen Martin was a descendant of the 4485:. Ed. Carole Gerson and Veronica Strong-Boag. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. 4141:"Pauline Johnson Biography," Famous Biographies, QuotesQuotations.com, Web, 30 April 2011. 3088:"A True Legend of Siwash Rock: a Monument to Clean Fatherhood", retitled "The Siwash Rock" 8: 4674: 3764: 1440: 1281: 841: 785: 231: 4248:"The true story of Pauline Johnson: poet, provocateur and champion of Indigenous rights" 1046:

also lined the streets and followed her funeral cortege on 10 March 1913. The Vancouver

4689: 4544:, by Mark Cronlund Anderson and Carmen L. Robertson (University of Manitoba Press, 2011 4211:. 1991. "A Double-Bladed Knife: Subversive Laughter in Two Stories by Thomas King." In 1367: 894: 781: 695: 510: 461: 435: 237:

Johnson was notable for her poems, short stories, and performances that celebrated her

4622: 3522:"Interesting Description, by a Descendant of the Mohawks, of Tutela Heights, Ontario" 1094:

went to purchase a machine gun inscribed "Tekahionwake" for the 29th Battalion of the

4635: 4500: 4486: 4472: 4303: 4216: 4044: 3980: 3977:

Buckskin & Broadclot: A Celebration of E. Pauline Johnson Tekahionwake, 1861–1913

3959: 3917: 1458: 1436: 1323: 1098:. Johnson left a mark on Canadian history that has carried on long after her death. 885:, and increased interest in Johnson's poetry and heritage. The Brantford businessman 853: 691: 572: 2753:"Chance of Newfoundland Joining Canada Switches Interest to Britain's Oldest Colony" 2523:"The Indian Legend of Qu'Appelle Valley", retitled "The Legend of Qu'Appelle Valley" 1118:

in 1912. Reprinted many times, this book has been one of the best-selling titles of

4654: 4215:(special issue; reprinted ed.), edited by W. H. New. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 243. 3728: 1035: 939: 875:, the important Mohawk leader who was allied with the British during and after the 404: 132: 109: 4339:"Home — Chiefs Wood". chiefswood.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2007. 848:. Roberts and Johnson became lifelong friends. Johnson promoted her identity as a 716: 4626: 4452: 4428: 4208: 3769: 3082:"The Duke of Connaught as Chief of the Iroquois", retitled "A Royal Mohawk Chief" 1799:"Charming Word Pictures. Etchings by an Idler of Muskoka and the Beautiful North" 1511: 1197: 1185: 1153: 1119: 1043: 953: 908:. In the late 1880s and early 1890s, she published nearly every month, mostly in 640: 439: 391:

Chiefs of the Six Nations at Brantford, Canada, explaining their wampum belts to

196: 128: 4348:"Ontario Plaque". ontarioplaques.com. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011. 4041:

Paddling Her Own Canoe: The Times and Texts of E. Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake)

1008:

Paddling Her Own Canoe: The Times and Texts of E. Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake)

942:, where she continued writing. Her pieces included a series of articles for the 477:

missionary assigned there, Johnson met the man's sister-in-law, Emily Howells.

4631: 3756: 1428: 1248: 1079: 968: 246: 4597:"McMaster Celebrates Canada 150 - from the Archives — E. Pauline Johnson" 4596: 407:, United States. Theirs was the easternmost territory in the homelands of the 4698: 3742: 3714: 1522: 1503: 1027: 857: 849: 837: 555: 534: 412: 224: 3281:

Previous publication unknown: "The Archers", "Brandon", "The King's Consort"

1854:"Thro' Time and Bitter Distance" retitled "Through Time and Bitter Distance" 1156:

admitted that she did not study literature by Native authors when preparing

4327: 4106:

Collections and Objections: Aboriginal Material Culture in Southern Ontario

3914:

Flint & Feather: The Life and Times of E. Pauline Johnson, Tekahionwake

1507: 1488: 1403: 1311: 1296: 1243: 1170: 1048: 980: 949: 944: 872: 825:. She began to increase the pace of her writing and publishing afterwards. 592: 588: 559: 392: 2979:"The Legend of the Two Sisters", as "The True Legend of Vancouver Lions", 615: 1193: 1087: 984: 972: 928: 644: 567: 506: 474: 470: 455: 238: 89: 4589: 1506:

dealing with her life, multicultural identity, and art. The composer is

1066: 1374: 1362: 1304: 1259: 1060: 865: 736:

productions. She enjoyed the Canadian outdoors, where she travelled by

636: 628: 497: 490: 443: 315: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3234:"The Grey Archway: A Legend of the Coast", retitled "The Grey Archway" 3144:"The Great Heights above the Tulameen", retitled "The Tulameen Trail" 1448: 1340: 1174: 1145: 1031: 983:. In a poem in the collection, she named one of her favourite areas " 935: 799: 674:, who eventually developed her own journalistic and literary career. 547: 105: 4172:(first ed.). Vancouver: Saturday Sunset Presses. pp. 7–12. 2482:"With Barry in the Bow. Act III. Scene: The Land of the Setting Sun" 1303:, recasting Johnson as a friend and interlocutor of Canadian artist 290: 275:

E. Pauline Johnson, Tekahionwake: Collected Poems and Selected Prose

4663: 4659: 4599:. The William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections. 4483:

E. Pauline Johnson Tekahionwake: Collected Poems and Selected Prose

3894:

Tekahionwake: E. Pauline Johnson's Writings on Native North America

3111:"The Legend of the Lost Salmon Run", retitled "The Lost Salmon Run" 2710:"A Pagan in St. Paul's", retitled "A Pagan in St. Paul's Cathedral" 2609: 1285: 1166: 659: 3479: 3120:"The True Legend of Deadman's Island", retitled "Deadman's Island" 3079:"The True Legend of Vancouver's Lions", retitled "The Two Sisters" 1318:, that includes a reading of Johnson's "The Song My Paddle Sings". 889:

read the poem at the ceremony, as Johnson was reportedly too shy.

4571:. The William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections 4362: 1222: 733: 542:

E. Pauline Johnson was born at her family home Chiefswood at the

481: 3708: 431:

compensation for Haudenosaunee losses of territory in New York.

3135:"Prairie and Foothill Animals That Despise the Southward Trail" 3114:"The Sea Serpent of Brockton Point", retitled "The Sea Serpent" 1384:

Mathias Joe and Dominic Charlie at the Pauline Johnson Memorial

934:

After retiring from the stage in August 1909, Johnson moved to

770: 485: 4385:"Margaret Atwood's opera debut 'Pauline' opens in Vancouver". 2122:"Sail and Paddle. The Annual Meeting of the Canoe Association" 4538:

Poet, Princess, Possession: Remembering Pauline Johnson, 1913

2895:"Outdoor Occupations of the Indian Mother and her Children", 2428:"With Barry in the Bow. Act I. Scene: The Land of Evangeline" 2058:"A Strong Race Opinion: on the Indian Girl in Modern Fiction" 1083: 737: 3854:

Lyon, George W. 1990. "Pauline Johnson: A Reconsideration."

3666:"Her Majesty's Troops" (1900); "His Majesty's Troops" (1904) 3091:"The Recluse of the Capilano Canyon", retitled "The Recluse" 3029:"The Silver Craft of the Mohawks: The Brooch of Brotherhood" 2830:"Her Dominion – A Story of 1867, and Canada's Confederation" 2431:"With Barry in the Bow. Act II. Scene: The Great North Land" 1709:"A Backwoods Christmas" retitled "The Lumberman's Christmas" 647:, and enjoyed reading tales about Indigenous people such as 3633: 2286:"The Races in Prose and Verse, by Miss Poetry and Mr Prose" 1353:

Though starved, crushed, plundered, lies our nation low ...

1327: 458:

kinship system), their son George Johnson was named chief.

4583: 3824:

XI, edited by F. G. Halpenny. University of Toronto Press.

3237:"The Great New Year White Dog: Sacrifice of the Onondagas" 2892:"How One Resourceful Mother Planned an Inexpensive Outing" 2434:"With Barry in the Bow. Interlude between Acts II and III" 2170:"The Song My Paddle Sings", retitled "Canoeing in Canada" 1307:, who often painted Indigenous life as decayed and dying. 1273:) referred to Johnson in the title of her book of poetry 732:

During the 1880s, Johnson wrote and performed in amateur

4281:"E. Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake) | CanLit Guides" 3056:"The Silver Craft of the Mohawks: The Sun of Friendship" 784:. Upon her death she willed her "Indian" costume to the 4542:

Seeing Red: A History of Natives in Canadian Newspapers

4302:. Madeira Park, B.C.: Harbour Publishing. p. 124. 3958:, edited by W. Toye. Toronto: Oxford University Press. 3577:"If Only I Could Know" (published as "In Days to Come") 3053:"The Silver Craft of the Mohawks: The Traitor's Hearts" 3026:"The Silver Craft of the Mohawks: The Protective Totem" 2911:"The Foothill Country", previously "The Cattle Country" 2112:"A Red Girl's Reasoning" retitled "A Sweet Wild Flower" 663:. These informed her own literary and theatrical work. 438:

spoke English and Mohawk fluently and had a talent for

3491:"Disillusioned" (second part "Both Sides") Judge, n.d. 3085:"A Legend of the Squamish", retitled "The Lost Island" 1427:

1967—: Elementary schools were named in her honour in

1110:, was published in London in 1895. It was followed by 249:

influences. She is most known for her books of poetry

4118:

Johnson, E. Pauline (August 1883). "My Little Jean".

3166:"The Grey Archway: A Legend of the Charlotte Islands" 3032:"The Silver Craft of the Mohawks: The Hunter's Heart" 2811:"The Cattle Country", retitled "The Foothill Country" 2437:"The American Canoe Association at Grindstone Island" 1805:"Charming Word Pictures. Etchings by a Muskoka Idler" 1802:"Charming Word Pictures. Etchings by a Muskoka Idler" 1074:

Her will was prepared by the prestigious firm of Sir

403:, had historically lived in what became the state of 4525:

Shrive, Norman (1962). "What Happened to Pauline?".

3809:

vol. 14. University of Toronto and Université Laval.

3704: 2351:

Previous publication unknown: "Dawendine", "Ojistoh"

473:

on the Six Nations reserve. Whilst working with the

3552:

1890. "Dear little girl from far / Beyond the seas"

3505: 2889:"Winter Indoor Life of the Indian Mother and Child" 2768:"We-eho's Sacrifice", retitled "We-hro's Sacrifice" 1209:as the primary evaluative criterion. The Vancouver 1173:critics. They have appreciated her importance as a 840:'s Toronto magazine. She based it on events of the 832:published Johnson's "A Cry from an Indian Wife" in 623:A sickly child, Johnson did not attend Brantford's 4805:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) 1445:Pauline Johnson Collegiate & Vocational School 964:. They remain classics of that city's literature. 764:background. In act one, Johnson would come out as 195:(10 March 1861 – 7 March 1913), also known by her 4376:, Canadian Chamber Choir CD including "At Sunset" 4300:The Chuck Davis History of Metropolitan Vancouver 4108:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2010 4075:. Canadian Poetry Press. Retrieved 30 April 2011. 1349:Go forth, nor bend to greed of white men's hands, 1159:Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature 720:E. Pauline Johnson posing in her "Indian" costume 489:to gain an income, before settling in Eaglewood, 4696: 4039:Strong-Boag, Veronica, and Carole Gerson. 2000. 3568:Early fragment, "alas how damning praise can be" 1139:Tekahionwake: Collected Poems and Selected Prose 1059:, who had visited during her final illness, and 399:The Mohawk ancestors of Johnson's father, Chief 227:chief, and her mother was an English immigrant. 3511:"In the Shadows. My Version. By the Pasha" n.p. 3480:Poems in the Chiefswood Scrapbook: c. 1884–1924 3430:"The Man from Chrysanthemum Land" (written for 3294:"The Great Deep Water: A Legend of 'The Flood'" 3141:"A Legend of Point Grey", retitled "Point Grey" 948:, based on stories related by her friend Chief 728:E. Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake), - June 1929 4469:Pale as Real Ladies: Poems for Pauline Johnson 4322:Johnson, E. Pauline National Historic Person. 3979:. Toronto: Natural Heritage, Natural History. 3818:Leighton, Douglas (1982). "Johnson, John." In 1355:Perhaps the white man's God has willed it so. 1351:By right, by birth we Indians own these lands, 1275:Pale as Real Ladies: Poems for Pauline Johnson 707:friends, strangers, acquaintances, or kindred. 3094:"A Legend of Deer Lake", retitled "Deer Lake" 2132:"Outdoor Pastimes for Women", columns in the 1475:That I have only caught these songs since you 3954:Jackel, David. 1983. "Johnson, Pauline." In 3675:"Mrs Stewart's Five O'Clock Tea" (1894–1906) 3108:, February 1912; retitled "The Deep Waters" 1575:Transactions of the Buffalo Historic Society 1402:1922: A monument was erected to Johnson at 967:One of the stories was a Squamish legend of 4499:. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1981. 4126:(8). New York: John Dougall & Co.: 128. 3956:The Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature 3916:(1st ed.). Toronto: HarperFlamingo Canada. 3571:Epigraph, "But all the poem was soul of me" 2983:, 16 April 1910; retitled "The Two Sisters" 1908:"Ripples and Paddle Plashes: A Canoe Story" 1373:, Johnson was often belittled by the term " 411:(later the Six Nations), also known as the 208: 4324:Directory of Federal Heritage Designations 4073:Confederation Voices: Seven Canadian Poets 2188:Art Calendar, illustrated by Robert Holmes 1670:"The Vigil of St Basil" retitled "Fasting" 1529: 1133:But in 2002, professors Carole Gerson and 53: 34:. For the British-Canadian scientist, see 4623:Works by E. Pauline Johnson in eBook form 1851:"In October" retitled "October in Canada" 1471:Know by the thread of music woven through 375:Learn how and when to remove this message 27:Canadian First Nations poet and performer 4043:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 3634:Titles from concert programs and reviews 3132:"The Call of the Old Qu' Appelle Valley" 1411:Person of National Historic Significance 1387: 1379: 1190:Specialized Catalogue of Canadian Stamps 1128:The Complete Poems of E. Pauline Johnson 1065: 1017: 809: 769:from her grandfather that hung from her 723: 715: 681: 614: 533: 465:Six Nations survivors of the War of 1812 460: 386: 4559:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online 4497:Pauline: A Biography of Pauline Johnson 4361:performed by Canadian Chamber Choir on 4264: 4167: 4117: 3693:"The Success of the Season" (1894–1906) 3532: 3474: 1477:Voiced them upon your haunting violin. 1022:E. Pauline Johnson's funeral procession 261:(1912); and her collections of stories 14: 4780:Deaths from cancer in British Columbia 4697: 4524: 4512:Pauline Johnson : a reminiscence 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3896:, Broadview Editions. Broadview Press. 3684:"A Plea for the Northwest" (1892–1893) 3562: 3555:1901. "Morrowland" dated Holy Saturday 1333: 1237: 562:. Because George Johnson worked as an 4810:Six Nations of the Grand River people 4675:Selected Poetry of E. Pauline Johnson 4603:from the original on 21 December 2021 4393:. 23 May 2014. Retrieved 24 May 2014. 4297: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3950: 3948: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3832: 3830: 3494:"Lent" signed Woeful Jack, n.p., n.d. 3488:"Comrades, we are serving" n.p., n.d. 3117:"The Legend of the Seven White Swans" 2920:When George Was King, and Other Poems 1997:"Indian Medicine Men and their Magic" 1815:"We Three" retitled "Beyond the Blue" 1534: 1396: 856:, to attend a ceremony honouring the 4651:Works by or about E. Pauline Johnson 4481:Johnson (Tekahionwake), E. Pauline. 3936: 3932: 3930: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3599: 3537: 2033:"Glimpse at the Grand River Indians" 1473:This fragile web of cadences I spin, 313:adding citations to reliable sources 284: 4775:Deaths from breast cancer in Canada 4745:20th-century Canadian women writers 4730:19th-century Canadian women writers 4592:." Opera by Atwood and Stokes. 2014 4555:Biography of Emily Pauline Johnston 4273: 4239: 4213:Native Writers and Canadian Writing 3672:"Legend of the Lover's Leap" (1892) 3574:"The Battleford Trail" c. 1902–1903 1080:former 6th prime minister of Canada 922:(1889), signalled her recognition. 409:Five Nations of the Iroquois League 24: 4765:Canadian people of English descent 4750:20th-century First Nations writers 4735:19th-century First Nations writers 4408: 4199:. Toronto: Peter Martin Associates 4186:. Toronto: Hodder & Stoughton. 4184:Pauline Johnson: Her Life and Work 4130: 4078: 4054: 3990: 3945: 3875: 3843: 3827: 3517:"Winnipeg – At Sunset" Free Press. 3129:"The Orchard of Evangeline's Land" 3050:"The Story of the First Telephone" 1510:, and the libretto was written by 805: 610: 25: 4826: 4584:Chiefswood National Historic Site 4548: 4471:, London, ON: Brick Books, 1991. 4391:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 3927: 3899: 3807:Dictionary of Canadian Biography, 3657:"Fashionable Intelligence" (1906) 3642:"Beneath the British Flag" (1906) 3605:"Canada for the Canadians" (1902) 3558:1906. "Witchcraft and the Winner" 2957:"The King's Coin (Chapter Three)" 2857:"The Lieutenant Governor's Prize" 2211:"The Iroquois of the Grand River" 1756:"Old Erie" retitled "Erie Waters" 1753:"Ungranted" retitled "Overlooked" 971:: how a man was transformed into 280: 4760:Canadian people of Dutch descent 4667: 4245: 3939:"Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake)" 3821:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 3749: 3735: 3721: 3707: 3506:Clippings at McMaster University 3485:"Both Sides" New York Life, 1888 3188:"Catharine of the 'Crow's Nest'" 2963:"The King's Coin (Chapter Five)" 2960:"The King's Coin (Chapter Four)" 2693:"Maurice of His Majesty's Mails" 1719:"Joe" retitled "Joe: An Etching" 1579:"The Re-interment of Red Jacket" 1487:under the artistic direction of 1126:has been misleadingly subtitled 677: 524: 289: 4800:People from the County of Brant 4715:19th-century Canadian actresses 4519:Pauline Johnson and Her Friends 4396: 4379: 4367: 4351: 4342: 4333: 4316: 4291: 4269:(75 ed.). pp. 118–41. 4258: 4226: 4202: 4189: 4176: 4161: 4144: 4111: 4098: 3969: 3838:Pauline: A Biography of Pauline 3461:Pauline Johnson and Her Friends 3415:"Coaching on the Cariboo Trail" 3405:"Coaching on the Cariboo Trail" 3263:"The Legend of the Seven Swans" 3160:"The Call of the Skookum Chuck" 3126:"A Squamish Legend of Napoleon" 2954:"The King's Coin (Chapter Two)" 2951:"The King's Coin (Chapter One)" 2866:"The Cruise of the 'Brown Owl'" 2790:"The Man in Chrysanthemum Land" 2485:"With Barry in the Bow. Act IV" 2418:"A Glimpse of the Prairie Wolf" 1987:"Forty-Five Miles on the Grand" 1409:1945: Johnson was designated a 711: 300:needs additional citations for 4641:Works by Emily Pauline Johnson 3975:Johnston, Sheila M.F. (1997). 3863: 3857:Studies in Canadian Literature 3812: 3795: 3786: 3696:"The White Wampum" (1896–1897) 3669:"His Sister's Son" (1895–1897) 3291:"The Legend of Lillooet Falls" 3266:"The Legend of the Ice Babies" 2607:"Letter to the Editor" (about 2513:"Organization of the Iroquois" 2488:"With Barry in the Bow. Act V" 2306:"From the Country of the Cree" 1443:, Ontario, and a high school, 1292:with Johnson's poem "Moonset". 686:E. Pauline Johnson and friends 36:Pauline Johnson (immunologist) 13: 1: 4790:Canadian Mohawk women writers 4067:Adams, John Coldwell (2007). 3892:Fee, Margery and Dory Nason. 3780: 3651:"The Chief's Daughter" (1898) 3648:"A Case of Flirtation" (1899) 3147:"Trails of the Old Tillicums" 2886:"Mothers of a Great Red Race" 2827:"The Little Red Indian's Day" 2713:"The Lodge of the Law Makers" 2452:"Gambling among the Iroquois" 1406:in the city of Vancouver, BC. 1392:E. Pauline Johnson 1961 stamp 1090:, part of the royalties from 529: 60: 30:For the British actress, see 4458:Resources in other libraries 4434:Resources in other libraries 4168:Johnson, E. Pauline (1911). 3871:Canadian Online Encyclopedia 3660:"The Englishman" (1902–1903) 3608:"On List of Tides" (c. 1908) 3586:"The Stings of Civilization" 3257:"Hoolool of the Totem Poles" 3163:"From the Child's Viewpoint" 3097:"The 'Lure' in Stanley Park" 2851:"A Night With 'North Eagle'" 2559:"As It Was in the Beginning" 2088:American Canoe Club Yearbook 2027:"A Story of a Boy and a Dog" 2017:"Outdoor Pastimes for Women" 1301:Pauline and Emily, Two Women 1299:(Mohawk) published her play 1101: 1096:Canadian Expeditionary Force 241:heritage, drawing from both 7: 4740:20th-century Canadian poets 4725:19th-century Canadian poets 4690:Poems by E. Pauline Johnson 4666:(public domain audiobooks) 4660:Works by E. Pauline Johnson 4632:Works by E. Pauline Johnson 4569:McMaster University Library 4197:Canadian Book Review Annual 4195:Keith, W. J. 2002. "2040." 3700: 3654:"The Convict's Wife" (1892) 3384:Pamphlet (Toronto: Musson) 3343:"The Little Red Messenger " 3340:"The Little Red Messenger " 3185:"The Legend of Siwash Rock" 2854:"The Tribe of Tom Longboat" 2801:"Longboat of the Onondagas" 2699:"Dick Dines with his 'Dad'" 2118:Illustrated Buffalo Express 1830:"With Paddle and Peterboro" 1747:"The Happy Hunting Grounds" 1610:"A Cry from an Indian Wife" 1566:"The Rift. By Margaret Rox" 1063:, the minister of militia. 919:Songs of the Great Dominion 552:George Henry Martin Johnson 401:George Henry Martin Johnson 10: 4831: 4565:"E. Pauline Johnson fonds" 4182:Van Steen, Marcus (1965). 4152:Essays on Canadian Writing 3681:"People I Have Met" (1902) 2901:"Mother of the Motherless" 2836:"The Prayers of the Pagan" 2729:"The Traffic of the Trail" 2716:"The Silent News Carriers" 2296:"Iroquois Women of Canada" 2138:"A Week in the 'Wild Cat'" 2036:"The Song My Paddle Sings" 1882:"Our Iroquois Compatriots" 1122:. Since the 1917 edition, 877:American Revolutionary War 597:Governor General of Canada 538:A young E. Pauline Johnson 480:Emily Howells was born in 442:. Due to his demonstrated 424:American Revolutionary War 29: 4755:Canadian Mohawk actresses 4521:. Toronto: Ryerson, 1947. 4453:Resources in your library 4429:Resources in your library 3801:Rose, Marilyn J. 2003. " 3639:"At the Ball" (1902–1903) 3611:"Britain's First Born C." 3525:Boston Evening Transcript 3138:"Where the Horse is King" 2989:"The Envoy Extraordinary" 2872:Brantford Daily Expositor 2462:"The Indian Corn Planter" 2402:"The Singer of Tantramar" 2389:"Lullaby of the Iroquois" 2341:"The White and the Green" 2266:"The Lifting of the Mist" 2166:Weekly Detroit Free Press 2064:Weekly Detroit Free Press 1948:Weekly Detroit Free Press 1942:"The Pilot of the Plains" 1700:"The Flight of the Crows" 1626:"'Brant', A Memorial Ode" 1253:Son of Raven, Son of Deer 1232: 842:battle of Cut Knife Creek 164: 156: 146: 138: 124: 116: 95: 70: 52: 45: 32:Pauline Johnson (actress) 4720:Canadian stage actresses 4616: 3690:"Stepping Stones" (1897) 3497:"What the Soldier Said" 2616:"Our Sister of the Seas" 2569:"Some People I Have Met" 2366:"Low Tide at St Andrews" 1316:It Starts With a Whisper 1269:1989 - Poet Joan Crate ( 1227:Land of the Silver Birch 1225:characterized the song " 1013: 887:William Foster Cockshutt 795:Buffalo Bill's Wild West 750:William Wilfred Campbell 4795:Canadian Mohawk writers 3912:Gray, Charlotte. 2002. 3623:"The Missing Miss Orme" 3620:"Indian Church Workers" 3595:"The Tossing of a Rose" 3387:"And He Said, Fight On" 3353:"Calgary of the Plains" 3230:Daily Province Magazine 3075:Daily Province Magazine 3038:"England's Sailor King" 2981:Daily Province Magazine 2942:"The Broken Barrels II" 2817:"The Trail to Lillooet" 2534:Free Press Home Journal 2325:"Canoe and Canvas. Ill" 2157:"Princes of the Paddle" 2077:"Reckless Young Canada" 1821:"For Queen and Country" 1530:Complete literary works 1496:City Opera of Vancouver 1344:the final verse reads: 619:Chiefswood Ontario 2008 120:Stanley Park, Vancouver 4265:Monture, Rick (2002). 4104:Michelle A. Hamilton, 3803:Johnson, Emily Pauline 3775:List of Canadian poets 3583:"'Old Maids' Children" 3543:1876. "The Fourth Act" 3260:"The Tenas Klootchman" 2939:"The Broken Barrels I" 2685:"When George Was King" 2619:"Among the Blackfoots" 2594:"His Majesty the King" 2328:"Canoe and Canvas. IV" 2322:"Canoe and Canvas. II" 2074:"The Game of Lacrosse" 1848:"A Day's Frog Fishing" 1842:"With Canvas Overhead" 1485:Canadian Chamber Choir 1480: 1418:National Historic Site 1393: 1385: 1366:and faulty scientific 1358: 1314:(Mohawk) made a film, 1076:Charles Hibbert Tupper 1071: 1023: 818: 746:William Douw Lighthall 729: 721: 709: 687: 657:and John Richardson's 620: 539: 466: 396: 4785:Canadian Mohawk poets 4442:By E. Pauline Johnson 4298:Davis, Chuck (2011). 3836:Keller, Betty. 1981. 3687:"Redwing" (1892–1893) 3629:"The Silent Speakers" 3580:"The Mouse's Message" 3466:"The Ballad of Laloo" 3379:"The Ballad of Yaada" 3320:"Her Majesty's Guest" 3224:"The King Georgeman " 3221:"The King Georgeman " 3201:"The Building Beaver" 3182:"The Lost Salmon Run" 2995:"The Christmas Heart" 2945:"The Whistling Swans" 2914:"The Southward Trail" 2897:Heroic Indian Mothers 2498:"The De Lisle Affair" 2375:Daily Mail and Empire 2319:"Canoe and Canvas. I" 2030:"Rondeau. The Skater" 1839:"'Held by the Enemy'" 1762:"Bass Lake (Muskoka)" 1468: 1457:2010: Canadian actor 1391: 1383: 1346: 1290:Whispering in Shadows 1202:Duncan Campbell Scott 1137:produced an edition, 1070:Siwash Rock Vancouver 1069: 1040:Women's Canadian Club 1021: 924:Theodore Watts-Dunton 830:Charles G. D. Roberts 813: 802:aboriginal exhibits. 754:Duncan Campbell Scott 727: 719: 704: 685: 672:Sara Jeannette Duncan 618: 585:Alexander Graham Bell 573:The Marquess of Lorne 537: 464: 390: 193:Emily Pauline Johnson 74:Emily Pauline Johnson 18:Emily Pauline Johnson 4770:Canadian women poets 4686:. London: John Lane. 4170:Legends of Vancouver 3645:"The Captive" (1892) 3533:Unpublished writings 3475:Undated publications 3305:"The Unfailing Lamp" 3212:Legends of Vancouver 3044:"A Chieftain Prince" 2969:"Jack O' Lantern II" 2924:"Autumn's Orchestra" 2777:"Little Wolf-Willow" 2539:"'Give Us Barabbas'" 2108:Dominion Illustrated 2102:"The Birds' Lullaby" 1993:Dominion Illustrated 1933:"Prone on the Earth" 1878:Dominion Illustrated 1463:2010 Winter Olympics 1431:, British Columbia; 1135:Veronica Strong-Boag 1092:Legends of Vancouver 1004:Veronica Strong-Boag 979:, a small islet off 962:Legends of Vancouver 654:The Song of Hiawatha 324:"E. Pauline Johnson" 309:improve this article 263:Legends of Vancouver 59:E. Pauline Johnson, 4527:Canadian Literature 4252:Canadian Geographic 4093:Canadian Literature 3765:Canadian literature 3563:Undated manuscripts 3546:1878. "Think of Me" 3514:"Traverse Bay" n.p. 3023:"The Wolf-Brothers" 2986:"Mother o' the Men" 2966:"Jack O' Lantern I" 2948:"The Delaware Idol" 2860:"Canada's Lacrosse" 2814:"The Haunting Thaw" 2774:"The Broken String" 2742:"The Cariboo Trail" 2379:"The Good Old N.P." 2272:Brantford Expositor 2068:"On Wings of Steel" 1983:Brantford Expositor 1868:Brantford Expositor 1685:"My English Letter" 1334:Canadian government 1288:) opened her novel 1282:Jeannette Armstrong 1247:the publication of 1238:Canadian literature 1030:on 7 March 1913 in 786:Museum of Vancouver 417:Sir William Johnson 232:Canadian literature 4815:Poets from Ontario 4510:Mackay, Isabel E. 4420:E. Pauline Johnson 4154:. limited access. 3937:Robinson, Amanda. 3869:"George Johnson", 3663:"Half Mast" (1897) 3450:"To Walter McRaye" 3316:The Moccasin Maker 3157:"The Nest Builder" 3041:"The Barnardo Boy" 3005:"The Chinook Wind" 2786:Calgary Daily News 2780:"The Shadow Trail" 2468:Our Animal Friends 2414:Our Animal Friends 2369:"The Quill Worker" 2302:Our Animal Friends 2251:"The Cattle Thief" 2154:"Canoe and Canvas" 1973:Belford's Magazine 1768:"Fortune's Favors" 1623:Souvenir pamphlet 1594:"Iris to Floretta" 1535:Dated publications 1397:Posthumous honours 1394: 1386: 1371:racial determinism 1251:'s landmark work, 1072: 1024: 1000:The Moccasin Maker 819: 782:George Gustav Heye 730: 722: 692:marriage proposals 688: 621: 540: 511:Brantford, Ontario 467: 448:British government 436:John Smoke Johnson 397: 271:The Moccasin Maker 47:E. Pauline Johnson 4636:Project Gutenberg 4415:Library resources 4309:978-1-55017-533-2 4246:Gray, Charlotte. 3678:"My Girls" (1897) 3600:Untraced writings 3549:1879. 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Spectator 3429: 3428: 3427: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3414: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3357: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3324: 3319: 3318: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3311: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3246: 3245: 3244: 3241: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3179: 3176: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3154: 3151: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3059:"On My Honor" 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3004: 3003: 3002: 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