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He continued to reside in
Clinton until his death, devoting much attention to the development of the Ontario school system. He was influential in introducing co-education of the sexes in high schools and collegiate institutes, in increasing the grants to these institutions, in establishing the normal
374:. This was inspired by his study of child languages, or the languages invented by young children. He also emphasized the importance of languages as tests of mental capacity, and demonstrated that Native American languages were complex and had a high capacity for classification.
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from 1885 to 1897. While Hale continued as a member of the committee, he was asked to accept the position of vice-president at the
Association's meeting in Toronto (1896); he declined due to ill-health.
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were primarily located in the southern interior of present-day
Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. Most of their members were among the southeastern tribes forced to relocate during the
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The origin of languages, and the antiquity of speaking man. An address before the
Section of anthropology of the American association for the advancement of science, at Buffalo, August, 1886
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in 1833, Hale showed a marked faculty for languages. His first original work was published the next year, and attracted the attention of the college authorities. It consisted of an
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Indian migrations, as evidenced by language: comprising the Huron-Cherokee stock, the Dakota stock, the
Algonkins, the Chahta-Muskoki stock, the Moundbuilders, the Iberians
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172:(1883), based on his translation of their only two known historic manuscripts. It was supported by his studies with tribal elders in interpreting the Iroquois
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in
Ontario. In addition he traveled to the United States to consult with other native informants. Hale documented the oral history and rituals of the
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and businessman. He is known for his study of languages as a key for classifying ancient peoples and being able to trace their migrations.
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Having completed his master's degree at
Harvard, Hale made a short tour of Europe. On his return, he studied law, and was admitted to the
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Warrick, Gray and
Lesagel, Louis (2016), "The Huron-Wendat and the St. Lawrence Iroquoians: New Findings of a Close Relationship,"
219:, Hale was recommended, while yet an undergraduate, for the post of ethnologist and philologist. He was appointed to the position.
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192:(née Buell). After the death of her husband, Sarah Josepha Hale turned to writing and became a prominent magazine editor.
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family of languages. Most of the speakers of the latter had historically occupied territory to the east and south of the
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Hale never received a doctorate but his research was recognized through his roles in a number of academic societies.
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wrote: "Ethnology has lost a man who contributed more to the knowledge of human race than perhaps any student".
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He used language as a criterion for the classification of human groups. He was the first to discover that the
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The expedition also traveled to
Polynesia. Of the reports of that expedition, Hale prepared the sixth volume,
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were an early people who had occupied territory in what is now considered upper New
England and along the
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Language as a test of mental capacity: being an attempt to demonstrate the true basis of anthropology
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vocabulary, which he gathered from a band of Native Americans who had camped on the college grounds.
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in Quebec and Ontario from about the 14th century to about 1580. They were likely destroyed by the
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In Canada Hale returned to his study of First Nations and Native Americans. He was mentored by the
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719:"Biography – HALE, HORATIO EMMONS – Volume XII (1891–1900)"
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The development of language. A paper read before the Canadian Institute, Toronto, April, 1888
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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of the 1830s to territory west of the Mississippi River, in what was reserved for a time as
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Hale was also a member of the American Folklore Society, serving as its President in 1893.
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as a member of the Iroquoian family of languages. By the colonial and federal period, the
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In 1884, he reorganized the section of anthropology as an independent department of the
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Hale died on December 29, 1896, in Clinton, Ontario. In an appreciation of his life,
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school system for training of teachers, and in improving the methods of examination.
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from central New York, who were competing for control of hunting grounds and the
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118:(May 3, 1817 – December 28, 1896) was an American-Canadian
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The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
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and tribes located to the west of the Great Lakes and Mississippi River.
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909:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 832.
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and upland areas of the interior American Southeast was one of the
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328:(1883). He also studied the Iroquois languages, determining that
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Hiawatha and the Iroquois confederation: a study in anthropology
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were named in recognition of his service to the expedition.
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From 1838 to 1842, Hale worked with the expedition, visiting
790:"Horatio Hale and the Development of American Anthropology"
620:"The Klamath Nation: III.--Mythology and General Ethnology"
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Archeologists and linguists have since confirmed that the
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Hale made many valuable contributions to the science of
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Hale, Horatio (1883). "The Tutelo Tribe and Language".
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558:"The Klamath Nation: I.--The Country and the People."
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650:"An International Scientific Catalogue and Congress"
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family, which was more commonly associated with the
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141:family, which was most associated with the western
129:Hale was the first to analyze and confirm that the
1266:Linguists of indigenous languages of North America
436:British Association for the Advancement of Science
794:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
498:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1256:People of the United States Exploring Expedition
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312:and John Fraser, whom he met while visiting the
292:and other business and educational endeavours.
453:, to which he contributed a number of papers.
320:. He was assisted in interpreting the group's
858:, Van Winkle Publishing Co, pp. 20, 81,
537:. Toronto: The Copp, Clark Company, Limited.
427:In 1872, Hale was elected as a member of the
238:. From this point he returned overland. The
1271:Presidents of the American Folklore Society
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332:was the oldest. He also concluded that the
314:Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation
234:, and north-western America, then known as
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660:(12) (published March 22, 1895): 324–326,
451:Anthropological Institute of Great Britain
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184:Horatio Hale was born on May 3, 1817, at
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568:(465) (published January 1, 1892): 6–7,
478:. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard.
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1095:"Language as a Test of Mental Capacity"
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176:to establish the people's prehistory.
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590:"The Klamath Nation: II.--Linguistics"
400:He was also the first to identify the
156:spoken by a tribe associated with the
1201:Anthropology Biographies–Horatio Hale
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16:American anthropologist (1817–1896)
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1231:American people of English descent
1226:People from Newport, New Hampshire
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526:. Cambridge: John Wilson and Son.
213:United States Exploring Expedition
207:United States Exploring Expedition
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1251:People from Huron County, Ontario
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137:Native Americans belonged to the
1171:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1167:Dictionary of National Biography
1156:Browning, Thomas Blair (1901). "
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929:The Journal of American Folklore
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724:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
717:Fenton, William N., ed. (2003).
515:. Chicago: Jameson & Morse.
256:
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832:National Women's History Museum
828:"Biography: Sarah Josepha Hale"
1261:Linguists of Na-Dene languages
1192:Works by or about Horatio Hale
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923:Chamberlain, Alex. F. (1897).
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756:. Philadelphia: D.G. Brinton.
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429:American Philosophical Society
152:Hale also determined that the
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1073:The American Folklore Society
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416:(now the state of Oklahoma).
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604:10.1126/science.ns-19.466.20
284:In 1856, the Hales moved to
211:Three years later, when the
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988:September 20, 2018, at the
925:"In Memoriam: Horatio Hale"
574:10.1126/science.ns-19.465.6
310:George Henry Martin Johnson
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753:The Iroquois book of rites
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326:The Iroquois Book of Rites
852:Majors, Harry M. (1975),
788:Gruber, Jacob W. (1967).
476:Ethnography and philology
279:Huron County, Canada West
265:bar in 1855. In 1854, at
251:Ethnography and Philology
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666:10.1126/science.1.12.324
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180:Early life and education
1010:American Anthropologist
1004:Brinton, D. G. (1897).
906:Encyclopædia Britannica
345:St. Lawrence Iroquoians
300:Native American studies
290:real estate development
267:Jersey City, New Jersey
1236:Harvard College alumni
1093:Hale, Horatio (1892).
750:Hale, Horatio (1883).
544:Hale, Horatio (1891).
533:Hale, Horatio (1888).
522:Hale, Horatio (1886).
511:Hale, Horatio (1883).
485:Hale, Horatio (1881).
474:Hale, Horatio (1846).
186:Newport, New Hampshire
170:Iroquois Book of Rites
51:Newport, New Hampshire
1246:American ethnologists
1183:Works by Horatio Hale
1069:"Past AFS Presidents"
469:Selected publications
158:Appalachian Mountains
1048:search.amphilsoc.org
1044:"APS Member History"
980:Ontario Archaeology,
855:Exploring Washington
318:Iroquois Confederacy
273:for the township of
271:justice of the peace
215:was organized under
116:Horatio Emmons Hale
44:Horatio Emmons Hale
349:St. Lawrence River
190:Sarah Josepha Hale
87:Harvard University
1187:Project Gutenberg
865:978-0-918664-00-6
552: 1048996952.
402:Cherokee language
395:Hidatsa languages
154:Cherokee language
147:Hidatsa languages
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94:Scientific career
61:December 28, 1896
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1196:Internet Archive
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1162:Lee, Sidney
1107:: 413–455.
800:(1): 5–37.
440:Proceedings
244:Puget Sound
228:Australasia
166:Great Lakes
124:philologist
120:ethnologist
73:Nationality
47:May 3, 1817
1210:Categories
681:References
463:Franz Boas
334:Laurentian
1121:0959-5295
1053:April 28,
1022:0002-7294
941:0021-8715
806:0003-049X
762:977330850
364:ethnology
357:fur trade
338:Iroquoian
232:Polynesia
201:Algonkian
195:Entering
162:Iroquoian
104:ethnology
986:Archived
982:p. 137,
729:Archived
674:17829255
642:17731636
612:17774144
582:17813801
383:Virginia
372:dialects
306:Iroquois
275:Goderich
135:Virginia
133:of some
77:American
67:, Canada
1194:at the
1164:(ed.).
1154::
1129:2842438
894::
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308:chiefs
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1026:JSTOR
945:JSTOR
810:JSTOR
457:Death
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860:ISBN
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