1615:
1699:
1656:
1858:
1870:
1312:
1387:
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35:
3005:
1570:. Subsequently, it was found that 96% (or 93.8%) of Polynesian mtDNA has an Asian origin, as does one-third of Polynesian Y chromosomes; the remaining two-thirds from New Guinea and nearby islands; this is consistent with matrilocal residence patterns. Polynesians existed from the intermixing of few ancient Austronesian-Melanesian founders, genetically they belong almost entirely to the Haplogroup B (mtDNA), which is the marker of Austronesian expansions. The high frequencies of mtDNA Haplogroup B in the Polynesians are the result of founder effect and represents the descendants of a few Austronesian females who intermixed with Papuan males.
1690:. Each represents a region within Polynesia and the categorization of these language groups by Green in 1966 helped to confirm that Polynesian settlement generally took place from west to east. There is a very distinct "East Polynesian" subgroup with many shared innovations not seen in other Polynesian languages. The Marquesas dialects are perhaps the source of the oldest Hawaiian speech which is overlaid by Tahitian-variety speech, as Hawaiian oral histories would suggest. The earliest varieties of New Zealand Maori speech may have had multiple sources from around central Eastern Polynesia, as Maori oral histories would suggest.
9376:
55:
790:
770:
3088:
archaeological sites on Easter Island group with an uncommon haplogroup from
Indonesia, Japan, and China and may represent a genetic signature of an early Polynesian dispersal. Modeling of the potential marine carbon contribution to the Chilean archaeological specimen casts further doubt on claims for pre-Columbian chickens, and definitive proof will require further analyses of ancient DNA sequences and radiocarbon and stable isotope data from archaeological excavations within both Chile and Polynesia.
13158:
2865:
890:
634:
610:
658:
1479:. A cultural divide began to develop between Fiji to the west, and the distinctive Polynesian language and culture emerging on Tonga and Samoa to the east. Where there was once faint evidence of uniquely shared developments in Fijian and Polynesian speech, most of this is now called "borrowing" and is thought to have occurred in those and later years more than as a result of continuing unity of their earliest dialects on those far-flung lands. Contacts were mediated especially through the
578:
746:
6789:
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dependent on annual tourists and financial counseling or aid from other countries or states. "The rate of tourist growth has made the economy overly dependent on this one sector, leaving Hawaii extremely vulnerable to external economic forces." By keeping this in mind, island states and nations similar to Hawaii are paying closer attention to other avenues that can positively affect their economy by practicing more independence and less emphasis on tourist entertainment.
2140:
1827:
1154:
3048:. Tupaia had knowledge of 130 islands and named 74 on his chart. Tupaia had navigated from Ra'iatea in short voyages to 13 islands. He had not visited western Polynesia, as since his grandfather's time the extent of voyaging by Raiateans has diminished to the islands of eastern Polynesia. His grandfather and father had passed to Tupaia the knowledge as to the location of the major islands of western Polynesia and the navigation information necessary to voyage to
702:
321:
3185:
830:
2258:
3171:
872:
682:
2551:
306:
2176:
812:
854:
2920:. The policy theorists who conceived it, along with the Japanese public, largely saw it as a pan-Asian movement driven by ideals of freedom and independence from Western colonial oppression. In practice, however, it was frequently corrupted by militarists who saw it as an effective policy vehicle through which to strengthen Japan's position and advance its dominance within Asia. At its greatest extent, it stretched from
722:
2644:
90:
1162:
6803:
78:
2113:. After repeated efforts by the Samoan independence movement, the New Zealand Western Samoa Act of 24 November 1961 granted Samoa independence, effective on January 1, 1962, upon which the Trusteeship Agreement terminated. The new Independent State of Samoa was not a monarchy, though the Malietoa titleholder remained very influential. It effectively ended however with the death of
3157:
2036:(or "empire") that was prehistorically ruled by the successive Tui Manuʻa dynasties. Manuan genealogies and religious oral literature also suggest that the Tui Manuʻa had long been one of the most prestigious and powerful paramount of Samoa. Oral history suggests that the Tui Manuʻa kings governed a confederacy of far-flung islands which included
3083:, Chile, a 2007 research report looking at radiocarbon dating and an ancient DNA sequence indicate that Polynesian navigators may have reached the Americas at least 100 years before Columbus (who arrived 1492 AD), introducing chickens to South America. A later report looking at the same specimens concluded:
5224:
It was not rare, either, to see the priestly functions and the administrative united under one head in such a way as to give a government the character of a true theocracy, which always happened when a dead chief was replaced by a brother or near relative already invested with the priestly functions
3137:
Another navigational technique may have involved following sea turtle migrations. While other navigational techniques may have been sufficient to reach known islands, some research finds only sea turtles could have helped
Polynesian navigators reach new islands. Sea turtle migrations are feasible for
3108:
built a 12-meter (40-foot) replica of a
Hawaiian double canoe "Nalehia" and tested it in Hawaii. Meanwhile, Micronesian ethnographic research in the Caroline Islands revealed that traditional stellar navigational methods were still in everyday use. Recent re-creations of Polynesian voyaging have used
2701:
Beginning in the 1820s large numbers of missionaries worked in the islands, converting many groups to
Christianity. Polynesia, argues Ian Breward, is now "one of the most strongly Christian regions in the world....Christianity was rapidly and successfully incorporated into Polynesian culture. War and
2666:
were highly developed skills because the population of an entire island depended on them. Trading of both luxuries and mundane items was important to all groups. Periodic droughts and subsequent famines often led to war. Many low-lying islands could suffer severe famine if their gardens were poisoned
2432:
by
Polynesians who had traveled to South America and back, from where it spread across the region. Some genetic evidence suggests that sweet potatoes may have reached Polynesia via seeds at least 100,000 years ago, pre-dating human arrival; however, this hypothesis fails to account for the similarity
2382:
reflecting food that could be grown on low-lying atolls. Navigation between the islands of Tuvalu was carried out using outrigger canoes. The population levels of the low-lying islands of Tuvalu had to be managed because of the effects of periodic droughts and the risk of severe famine if the gardens
2844:
With the exception of New
Zealand, the majority of independent Polynesian islands derive much of their income from foreign aid and remittances from those who live in other countries. Some encourage their young people to go where they can earn good money to remit to their stay-at-home relatives. Many
2682:
usually had hamlets because of the many zones that could be divided across the island. Food and resources were more plentiful. These settlements of four to five houses (usually with gardens) were established so that there would be no overlap between the zones. Villages, on the other hand, were built
1801:
Fiji had been ruled by numerous divided chieftains until
Cakobau unified the landmass. The Lapita culture, the ancestors of the Polynesians, existed in Fiji from about 3500 BC until they were displaced by the Melanesians about a thousand years later. (Both Samoans and subsequent Polynesian cultures
1502:
among others and the settlement of the rest of the region. In general this gap is considered to have lasted roughly 1,000 years. The cause of this gap in voyaging is contentious among archaeologists with a number of competing theories presented including climate shifts, the need for the development
549:
The following islands and island groups are either nations or overseas territories of former colonial powers. The residents are native
Polynesians or contain archaeological evidence indicating Polynesian settlement in the past. Some islands of Polynesian origin are outside the general triangle that
1999:
from the Māori. This social upheaval, combined with epidemics of infectious diseases from Europe, devastated both the Māori population and their social standing in New
Zealand. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the Maori population began to recover, and efforts were made to redress social, economic,
1671:
Although matrilocality and matrilineality receded at some early time, Polynesians and most other
Austronesian speakers in the Pacific Islands were and are still highly "matricentric" in their traditional jurisprudence. The Lapita pottery for which the general archaeological complex of the earliest
4216:
3145:, showing the places and directions of swells and wave-breaks, with tiny seashells affixed to them to mark the positions of islands along the way. Materials for these maps were readily available on beaches, and their making was simple; however, their effective use needed years and years of study.
2883:
Aside from New Zealand, another focus area of economic dependence regarding tourism is Hawaii. Hawaii is one of the most visited areas within the Polynesian Triangle, entertaining more than ten million visitors annually, excluding 2020. The economy of Hawaii, like that of New Zealand, is steadily
3092:
Knowledge of the traditional Polynesian methods of navigation was largely lost after contact with and colonization by Europeans. This left the problem of accounting for the presence of the Polynesians in such isolated and scattered parts of the Pacific. By the late 19th century to the early 20th
3087:
A published, apparently pre-Columbian, Chilean specimen and six pre-European Polynesian specimens also cluster with the same European/Indian subcontinental/Southeast Asian sequences, providing no support for a Polynesian introduction of chickens to South America. In contrast, sequences from two
3039:
secrets. Generally, each island maintained a guild of navigators who had very high status; in times of famine or difficulty these navigators could trade for aid or evacuate people to neighboring islands. On his first voyage of Pacific exploration Cook had the services of a Polynesian navigator,
2693:
of great skill. Simple objects, such as fish-hooks would be manufactured to exacting standards for different catches and decorated even when the decoration was not part of the function. Stone and wooden weapons were considered to be more powerful the better they were made and decorated. In some
1733:
The Cook Islands were formerly known as the Hervey Islands, but this name refers only to the Northern Groups. It is unknown when this name was changed to reflect the current name. It is thought that the Cook Islands were settled in two periods: the Tahitian Period, when the country was settled
4072:
Skoglund, Pontus; Posth, Cosimo; Sirak, Kendra; Spriggs, Matthew; Valentin, Frederique; Bedford, Stuart; Clark, Geoffrey R.; Reepmeyer, Christian; Petchey, Fiona; Fernandes, Daniel; Fu, Qiaomei; Harney, Eadaoin; Lipson, Mark; Mallick, Swapan; Novak, Mario; Rohland, Nadin; Stewardson, Kristin;
2697:
The religious attributes of Polynesians were common over the whole Pacific region. While there are some differences in their spoken languages they largely have the same explanation for the creation of the earth and sky, for the gods that rule aspects of life and for the religious practices of
2569:
Polynesia divides into two distinct cultural groups, East Polynesia and West Polynesia. The culture of West Polynesia is conditioned to high populations. It has strong institutions of marriage and well-developed judicial, monetary and trading traditions. West Polynesia comprises the groups of
2347:
recalls that in the 15th century Tongan warriors were defeated in a battle on the reef of Niutao. Tongan warriors also invaded Niutao later in the 15th century and again were repelled. A third and fourth Tongan invasion of Niutao occurred in the late 16th century, again with the Tongans being
3133:
with them. These birds refuse to land on the water as their feathers will become waterlogged making it impossible to fly. When the voyagers thought they were close to land they may have released the bird, which would either fly towards land or else return to the canoe. It is likely that the
1573:
A genomic analysis of modern populations in Polynesia, published in 2021, provides a model of the direction and timing of Polynesian migrations from Samoa to the islands to the east. This model presents consistencies and inconsistencies with models of Polynesian migration that are based on
1534:
Tiny populations may have been involved in the initial settlement of individual islands; although Professor Matisoo-Smith of the Otago study said that the founding Māori population of New Zealand must have been in the hundreds, much larger than previously thought. The Polynesian population
2989:; times of travel; wildlife species (which congregate at particular positions); directions of swells on the ocean, and how the crew would feel their motion; colors of the sea and sky, especially how clouds would cluster at the locations of some islands; and angles for approaching harbors.
6356:
It had been created by idealists who wanted to free Asia from the white man. As with many dreams, it was taken over and exploited by realists... Corrupted as the Co-Prosperity Sphere was by the militarists and their nationalist supporters, its call for pan-asianism remained relatively
5719:
2640:. According to Ben R. Finney and Eric M. Jones, "On Tahiti, for example, the 35,000 Polynesians living there at the time of European discovery were divided between high-status persons with full access to food and other resources, and low-status persons with limited access."
4073:
Abdullah, Syafiq; Cox, Murray P.; Friedlaender, Françoise R.; Friedlaender, Jonathan S.; Kivisild, Toomas; Koki, George; Kusuma, Pradiptajati; Merriwether, D. Andrew; Ricaut, Francois-X.; Wee, Joseph T. S.; Patterson, Nick; Krause, Johannes; Pinhasi, Ron (3 October 2016).
2068:. Commerce and exchange routes between the western Polynesian societies are well documented and it is speculated that the Tui Manuʻa dynasty grew through its success in obtaining control over the oceanic trade of currency goods such as finely woven ceremonial mats, whale
4876:
Kayser, Manfred; Brauer, Silke; Cordaux, Richard; Casto, Amanda; Lao, Oscar; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Moyse-Faurie, Claire; Rutledge, Robb B.; Schiefenhoevel, Wulf; Gil, David; Lin, Alice A.; Underhill, Peter A.; Oefner, Peter J.; Trent, Ronald J.; Stoneking, Mark (2006).
3820:
Kayser, Manfred; Brauer, Silke; Cordaux, Richard; Casto, Amanda; Lao, Oscar; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Moyse-Faurie, Claire; Rutledge, Robb B.; Schiefenhoevel, Wulf; Gil, David; Lin, Alice A.; Underhill, Peter A.; Oefner, Peter J.; Trent, Ronald J.; Stoneking, Mark (2006).
1729:
The Cook Islands are made up of 15 islands comprising the Northern and Southern groups. The islands are spread out across many kilometers of a vast ocean. The largest of these islands is called Rarotonga, which is also the political and economic capital of the nation.
4924:
2425:, is native to the Americas and was widespread in Polynesia when Europeans first reached the Pacific. Remains of the plant in the Cook Islands have been radiocarbon-dated to 1000, and the present scholarly consensus is that it was brought to central Polynesia
1506:
After the long pause, dispersion of populations into central and eastern Polynesia began. Although the exact timing of when each island group was settled is debated, it is widely accepted that the island groups in the geographic center of the region (i.e. the
1655:
1651:
and the surrounding islands, after having spent at least some time in the Bismarck Archipelago. The modern Polynesians still show human genetic results of a Melanesian culture which allowed indigenous men, but not women, to "marry in" – useful evidence for
2683:
on the coasts of smaller islands and consisted of thirty or more houses—in the case of atolls, on only one of the group so that food cultivation was on the others. Usually, these villages were fortified with walls and palisades made of stone and wood.
2694:
island groups weaving was a strong part of the culture and gifting woven articles was an ingrained practice. Dwellings were imbued with character by the skill of their building. Body decoration and jewelry is of an international standard to this day.
4228:
2095:
Samoa's long history of various ruling families continued until well after the decline of the Tui Manuʻa's power, with the western isles of Savaiʻi and Upolu rising to prominence in the post-Tongan occupation period and the establishment of the
2966:
Polynesia comprised islands diffused throughout a triangular area with sides of four thousand miles. The area from the Hawaiian Islands in the north, to Easter Island in the east and to New Zealand in the south were all settled by Polynesians.
5648:
5305:
1383:). Research at the Teouma and Talasiu Lapita sites implies that the migration and intermarriage, which resulted in the mixed Austronesian-Papuan ancestry of the Polynesians, occurred after the first initial migration to Vanuatu and Tonga.
1253:
Slow Boat model: Similar to the express-train model but with a longer hiatus in Melanesia along with admixture — genetically, culturally and linguistically — with the local population. This is supported by the Y-chromosome data of Kayser
433:
The oldest rocks in Polynesia are found in New Zealand and are believed to be about 510 million years old. The oldest Polynesian rocks outside Zealandia are to be found in the Hawaiian Emperor Seamount Chain and are 80 million years old.
1434:. The authors have also suggested a possibility that the early Lapita Austronesians were direct descendants of the early colonists of the Marianas (which preceded them by about 150 years), which is also supported by pottery evidence.
1241:
by roughly 1400 BC, reaching western Polynesian islands around 900 BC followed by a roughly 1000 year "pause" before continued settlement in central and eastern Polynesia. This theory is supported by the majority of current genetic,
5725:
2494:, criticized Heyerdahl as having "ignored the overwhelming body of linguistic, ethnographic, and ethnobotanical evidence, augmented today by genetic and archaeological data, indicating that he was patently wrong." Anthropologist
2463:
from the northwest coast of Canada by large whale-hunting dugouts; and the other from South America by "bearded white men" with "reddish to blond hair" and "blue-grey eyes" led by a high priest and sun-king named "Kon-Tiki" on
2108:
and the United States. The German-controlled Western portion of Samoa (consisting of the bulk of Samoan territory – Savaiʻi, Apolima, Manono and Upolu) was occupied by New Zealand in WWI, and administered by it under a Class C
2510:, and 'Children of the Sun'. Like most such theories, it makes exciting light reading, but as an example of scientific method it fares quite poorly." Other authors have also criticized Heyerdahl's hypothesis for its implicit
3116:
It is probable that the Polynesian navigators employed a whole range of techniques including use of the stars, the movement of ocean currents and wave patterns, the air and sea interference patterns caused by islands and
5685:
2636:, leaders were chosen in Polynesia based on their hereditary bloodline. Samoa, however, had another system of government that combines elements of heredity and real-world skills to choose leaders. This system is called
10747:
2220:, he declared Tonga a constitutional monarchy, formally adopted the western royal style, emancipated the "serfs", enshrined a code of law, land tenure, and freedom of the press, and limited the power of the chiefs.
3656:
3134:
Polynesians also used wave and swell formations to navigate. It is thought that the Polynesian navigators may have measured the time it took to sail between islands in "canoe-days" or a similar type of expression.
1378:
A 2017 DNA analysis of modern Polynesians indicates that there has been intermarriage resulting in a mixed Austronesian-Papuan ancestry of the Polynesians (as with other modern Austronesians, with the exception of
1547:
from the parent population from which it is derived. This is due to new population being established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population which also causes a loss of genetic variation.
2947:
After several years of discussing a potential regional grouping, three sovereign states (Samoa, Tonga, and Tuvalu) and five self-governing but non-sovereign territories formally launched, in November 2011, the
2952:, intended to cooperate on a variety of issues including culture and language, education, responses to climate change, and trade and investment. It does not, however, constitute a political or monetary union.
4878:
3822:
4130:
6172:
DNA analysis of Polynesians and Native South Americans has revealed an ancient genetic signature that resolves a long-running debate over Polynesian origins and early contacts between the two populations.
10898:
4253:
Burley, David V.; Barton, Andrew; Dickinson, William R.; Connaughton, Sean P.; Taché, Karine (2010). "Nukuleka as a Founder Colony for West Polynesian Settlement: New Insights from Recent Excavations".
1249:
Entangled Bank model: Emphasizes the long history of Austronesian speakers' cultural and genetic interactions with indigenous Island Southeast Asians and Melanesians along the way to becoming the first
10863:
5660:
2216:
united Tonga into a more Western-style kingdom. He held the chiefly title of Tuʻi Kanokupolu, but had been baptised with the name Jiaoji ("George") in 1831. In 1875, with the help of the missionary
11530:
3725:
and O'Regan, Gerard R. (1999) "The Polynesian Archaeology of the Subantarctic Islands: An Initial Report on Enderby Island". Southern Margins Project Report. Dunedin: Ngai Tahu Development Report
3578:
1266:
In the archaeological record, there are well-defined traces of this expansion which allow the path it took to be followed and dated with some certainty. It is thought that by roughly 1400 BC, "
1987:
and granting all Māori the status of British subjects. However, tensions between Pākehā settlers and the Māori over settler encroachment on Māori lands and disputes over land sales led to the
2452:. The question of whether Polynesians reached the Americas and the extent of cultural and material influences resulting from such a contact remains highly contentious among anthropologists.
11182:
6195:
10903:
10762:
5317:
4300:"Why do Polynesian island groups have one language and Melanesian island groups have many? Patterns of interaction and diversification in the Austronesian colonization of Remote Oceania"
2396:
1790:
were subject to periods of Tongan rulership and then Fijian control until their eventual conquest by Seru Epenisa Cakobau of the Kingdom of Fiji by 1871. In around 1855 a Tongan prince,
6560:
Gongora, J.; Rawlence, N. J.; Mobegi, V. A.; Jianlin, H.; Alcalde, J. A.; Matus, J. T.; Hanotte, O.; Moran, C.; Austin, J. J.; Ulm, S.; Anderson, A. J.; Larson, G.; Cooper, A. (2008).
339:. It comprises approximately 300,000 to 310,000 square kilometres (117,000 to 118,000 sq mi) of land, of which more than 270,000 km (103,000 sq mi) are within
288:" (from the shape created by the layout of the islands in the Pacific Ocean). This term makes clear that the grouping includes the Hawaiian Islands, which are located at the northern
10913:
10858:
10873:
10853:
10608:
2678:
Settlements by the Polynesians were of two categories: the hamlet and the village. The size of the island inhabited determined whether or not a hamlet would be built. The larger
11525:
10792:
2343:
line of Tongan kings, which originated in the 10th century, is understood to have extended to some of the islands of Tuvalu in the 11th to mid-13th century. The oral history of
2977:
from navigator to apprentice. In order to locate directions at various times of day and year, navigators in Eastern Polynesia memorized important facts: the motion of specific
1614:
280:
have often been considered to be part of the South Sea Islands because of their relative proximity to the southern Pacific islands, even though they are in fact located in the
11177:
10893:
10848:
9148:
10868:
9157:
8702:
6501:
Storey, A. A.; Ramirez, J. M.; Quiroz, D.; Burley, D. V.; Addison, D. J.; Walter, R.; Anderson, A. J.; Hunt, T. L.; Athens, J. S.; Huynen, L.; Matisoo-Smith, E. A. (2007).
3125:. There are some references in their oral traditions to the flight of birds and some say that there were range marks onshore pointing to distant islands in line with these
5697:
3663:
529:
to the southeast of Fiji have strong historic and cultural links with Tonga. However, in essence, Polynesia remains a cultural term referring to one of the three parts of
3138:
canoes to follow, at shallow depths, slower speeds, and in large groups. This could explain how Polynesians were able to find and settle the majority of Pacific Islands.
11535:
1805:
In 1873, Cakobau ceded a Fiji heavily indebted to foreign creditors to the United Kingdom. It became independent on 10 October 1970 and a republic on 28 September 1987.
3093:
century, a more generous view of Polynesian navigation had come into favor, perhaps creating a romantic picture of their canoes, seamanship and navigational expertise.
1456:
and is the oldest site yet discovered in Polynesia. This is mirrored by a 2010 study also placing the beginning of the human archaeological sequences of Polynesia in
4905:
3849:
1698:
10757:
4134:
10908:
2100:
system that dominated Samoan politics well into the 20th century. This was disrupted in the early 1900s due to colonial intervention, with east–west division by
1734:
between 900 and 1300 AD, and the Maui Settlement, which occurred in 1600 AD, when a large contingent from Tahiti settled in Rarotonga, in the Takitumu district.
10802:
2024:
controlled a vast maritime empire comprising most of the settled islands of Polynesia. The Tui Manuʻa is one of the oldest Samoan titles in Samoa. Traditional
588:
1486:
In the chronology of the exploration and first populating of Polynesia, there is a gap commonly referred to as the long pause between the first populating of
10777:
10767:
1940:") began to colonize New Zealand in the 19th century, leading to tension with the indigenous Māori. On October 28, 1835, a group of Māori tribesmen issued a
5970:
2468:-log rafts. He claimed the "white men" then "civilized" the dark-skinned natives in Polynesia. He set out to prove this by embarking on a highly publicized
10878:
3582:
385:
Zealandia is believed to have mostly sunk below sea level 23 million years ago, and recently partially resurfaced due to a change in the movements of the
3359:
Islands that were uninhabited at contact but which have archaeological evidence of Polynesian settlement include Norfolk Island, Pitcairn, New Zealand's
592:
3064:, Cook ignored Tupaia's chart and his skills as a navigator. To this day, original traditional methods of Polynesian Navigation are still taught in the
9141:
5479:
3498:
8695:
4922:
3561:
3597:
1764:
Cook Islanders are ethnically Polynesians or Eastern Polynesia. They are culturally associated with Tahiti, Eastern Islands, NZ Maori and Hawaii.
10497:
6185:
3866:
Su, B.; Jin, L.; Underhill, P.; Martinson, J.; Saha, N.; McGarvey, S. T.; Shriver, M. D.; Chu, J.; Oefner, P.; Chakraborty, R.; Deka, R. (2000).
3631:
958:, were in the past formerly categorized on rare occasion as part of Polynesia. No evidence of prehistoric contact with either Polynesians or the
11648:
11414:
1941:
7759:
4299:
4075:"Genomic insights into the peopling of the Southwest Pacific – Supplementary Note 1: The Teouma site / Supplementary Note 2: The Talasiu site"
2921:
2202:. The Tongan influence brought Polynesian customs and language throughout most of Polynesia. The empire began to decline in the 13th century.
756:
9630:
9134:
732:
620:
3709:
and O'Regan, Gerard R. (2000) "To the Final Shore: Prehistoric Colonisation of the Subantarctic Islands in South Polynesia", pp. 440–454 in
9699:
8688:
7140:
2281:
are identified as being part of West Polynesia. During pre-European-contact times there was frequent canoe voyaging between the islands as
1737:
The first contact between Europeans and the native inhabitants of the Cook Islands took place in 1595 with the arrival of Spanish explorer
6381:
10988:
3121:, the flight of birds, the winds and the weather. Scientists think that long-distance Polynesian voyaging followed the seasonal paths of
6813:
12922:
12781:
6044:
Magelssen, Scott (March 2016). "White-Skinned Gods: Thor Heyerdahl, the Kon-Tiki Museum, and the Racial Theory of Polynesian Origins".
3044:, who drew a hand-drawn chart of the islands within 3,200 km (2,000 mi) radius (to the north and west) of his home island of
2227:
under a Treaty of Friendship on 18 May 1900, when European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs tried to oust the second king. Within the
1375:
and Talasiu Lapita sites is that they lack Australian or Papuan affinities and instead have affinities to mainland Asian populations.
10648:
5338:
Thompson, Christina A. (June 1997). "A dangerous people whose only occupation is war: Maori and Pakeha in 19th century New Zealand".
2239:) from 1901 until 1952. Despite being under the protectorate, Tonga retained its monarchy without interruption. On June 4, 1970, the
2005:
13108:
11565:
10613:
9177:
8366:
2521:
In July 2020, a novel high-density genome-wide DNA analysis of Polynesians and Native South Americans reported that there has been
1960:
and their cargo which belonged to Māori merchants from being seized at foreign ports. The new state received recognition from the
11386:
10719:
10469:
7292:
1351:. The conclusion from research published in 2016 is that the initial population of those two sites appears to come directly from
2675:. Navigators, in particular, were highly respected and each island maintained a house of navigation with a canoe-building area.
12915:
12801:
10426:
10367:
2901:
1175:
The Polynesian people are considered, by linguistic, archaeological, and human genetic evidence, a subset of the sea-migrating
6686:
5183:
2578:
and surrounding islands. The pattern of settlement to East Polynesia began from Samoan Islands into the Tuvaluan atolls, with
2536:
people reaching eastern Polynesia or because the northern coast of South America was visited by Polynesians is not clear yet.
12910:
12844:
11604:
11136:
11020:
6771:
5610:
4680:
1672:"Oceanic" Austronesian speakers in the Pacific Islands are named also lapsed in Western Polynesia. Language, social life and
12905:
12869:
12808:
11262:
11111:
9664:
7395:
7204:
1213:
There are three theories regarding the spread of humans across the Pacific to Polynesia. These are outlined well by Kayser
1107:
450:
are situated outside the Polynesian Triangle. Geographically, the Polynesian Triangle is drawn by connecting the points of
253:
39:
7969:
5185:
An Account of the Voyages Undertaken by the Order of His Present Majesty for Making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere
12898:
12893:
12839:
9642:
9637:
8479:
7792:
7243:
6861:
2476:
2232:
2367:. Mendaña made contact with the islanders but did not land. During Mendaña's second voyage across the Pacific he passed
12767:
11641:
9992:
9172:
7645:
6466:
6441:
5534:
4282:
3991:
3439:
2533:
2526:
2460:
2231:, which posted no higher permanent representative on Tonga than a British Consul (1901–1970), Tonga formed part of the
1555:
959:
2455:
One of the most enduring misconceptions about Polynesians was that they originated from the Americas. This was due to
1426:. The complete absence of "Papuan" admixture in the early samples indicates that these early voyages bypassed eastern
12849:
10653:
10512:
8474:
8187:
8109:
7777:
6267:
6234:
5919:
5863:
5428:
5210:
3607:
1559:
194:
150:
6819:
5365:
3512:
3096:
In the mid to late 1960s, scholars began testing sailing and paddling experiments related to Polynesian navigation:
2992:
1422:
also suggest that both migrations originated directly from the same ancient Austronesian source population from the
1386:
1311:
12864:
12854:
12796:
12774:
12757:
12752:
12671:
11570:
11429:
10387:
9987:
9960:
9692:
9654:
9649:
7979:
7133:
2057:
1869:
6793:
4696:
2198:
was established in Tonga, and most of the Western Pacific came within its sphere of influence, up to parts of the
1920:. Over the course of several centuries, the Polynesian settlers formed distinct cultures that became known as the
1857:
1343:) published in 2016 supports the Express Train model; although with the qualification that the migration bypassed
12874:
12703:
12569:
12483:
12433:
11287:
11096:
9907:
7310:
6001:
3198:
2364:
2352:
1781:
1567:
397:. When that changed, it had the effect of uplifting the portion of the continent that is modern-day New Zealand.
4942:"Testing migration patterns and estimating founding population size in Polynesia by using human mtDNA sequences"
4712:"Testing migration patterns and estimating founding population size in Polynesia by using human mtDNA sequences"
2293:. The pattern of settlement that is believed to have occurred is that the Polynesians spread out from Samoa and
2289:. Eight of the nine islands of Tuvalu were inhabited; thus the name, Tuvalu, means "eight standing together" in
12818:
10825:
10782:
10663:
10049:
9708:
9222:
8884:
8261:
7682:
7320:
6406:
6226:
5956:
3073:
2514:
in attributing advances in Polynesian society to "white people", at the same time ignoring relatively advanced
1996:
1750:
1091:
430:
Zealandia's continental shelf has a total area of approximately 3,600,000 km (1,400,000 sq mi).
401:
335:
Polynesia is characterized by a small amount of land spread over a very large portion of the mid- and southern
4156:
Pugach, Irina; Hübner, Alexander; Hung, Hsiao-chun; Meyer, Matthias; Carson, Mike T.; Stoneking, Mark (2021).
3277:
1519:, etc.) were settled initially between 1000 and 1150 AD, and ending with more far flung island groups such as
13128:
13113:
11634:
11580:
10938:
10681:
10623:
10603:
10575:
10532:
8644:
8101:
7687:
7662:
7524:
7385:
7355:
4579:
Irwin, Geoffry (1990). "Voyaging by Canoe and Computer: experiments in the settlement of the Pacific Ocean".
3688:
O'Connor, Tom (2004). "Polynesians in the Southern Ocean: Occupation of the Auckland Islands in Prehistory".
1286:
agriculture unsuitable for small islands. However, they still cultivated other ancestral Austronesian staple
9884:
5290:
2784:
have merged as glottal stop; so the name for the ancestral homeland, deriving from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian
261:
13161:
12813:
12443:
12170:
11875:
11540:
11520:
11492:
11449:
10933:
10542:
10095:
9603:
9103:
7946:
7724:
7714:
7709:
7667:
7627:
7544:
7261:
3633:
The World of To-day A Survey of the Lands and Peoples of the Globe as Seen in Travel and Commerce: Volume 4
3478:
3142:
2868:
2740:—and the consonants are always followed by a vowel. The languages of various island groups show changes in
2507:
2101:
1949:
1574:
archaeology and linguistic analysis. The 2021 genomic model presents a migration pathway from Samoa to the
1399:
1380:
1320:
1196:
780:
34:
9078:
5852:
Jones, Terry L.; Storey, Alice A.; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth A.; Ramirez-Aliaga, Jose Miguel, eds. (2011).
3538:
2459:'s proposals in the mid-20th century that the Polynesians had migrated in two waves of migrations: one by
1932:. Beginning the 17th century, the arrival of Europeans to New Zealand drastically impacted Māori culture.
1300:(the latter are still grown with smaller-scale paddy field technology), as well as adopting new ones like
13210:
13205:
12300:
11616:
11459:
11379:
10888:
10712:
10643:
10598:
10462:
10059:
10034:
9685:
9434:
8939:
8157:
7767:
7539:
7330:
7126:
3213:
2487:
1724:
10039:
1278:. This culture is seen as having adapted and evolved through time and space since its emergence "Out of
924:, had no permanent settlements until European colonization, but are often considered to be parts of the
12478:
12463:
11761:
11746:
11608:
11560:
11515:
11161:
10638:
10618:
10195:
9902:
9618:
8007:
7744:
7734:
7511:
7433:
7325:
7302:
6807:
6300:"The Environmental, Economic, and Social Impacts of Resort Development and Tourism on Native Hawaiians"
4522:"High-precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid initial human colonization of East Polynesia"
3925:
Kayser, M.; Brauer, S.; Weiss, G.; Underhill, P.; Roewer, L.; Schiefenhövel, W.; Stoneking, M. (2000).
2000:
political and economic issues facing the Māori in wider New Zealand society. Beginning in the 1960s, a
668:
9920:
4474:
13195:
12859:
12791:
12762:
12747:
12488:
12413:
11612:
11555:
11101:
11030:
10948:
10772:
10394:
10323:
9736:
8590:
7655:
3413:
2773:
2110:
600:
257:
10175:
9293:
8639:
6828:
4940:
Murray-McIntosh, Rosalind P.; Scrimshaw, Brian J.; Hatfield, Peter J.; Penny, David (21 July 1998).
4710:
Murray-McIntosh, Rosalind P.; Scrimshaw, Brian J.; Hatfield, Peter J.; Penny, David (21 July 1998).
4336:
2001:
1905:
955:
12448:
12365:
11948:
11661:
11050:
10522:
10419:
10338:
10248:
9915:
9581:
8896:
8300:
7672:
7640:
7350:
7174:
4306:
3388:
2949:
2876:
2629:
were first settled by Eastern Polynesians who adapted their culture to a non-tropical environment.
2397:
Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories § Polynesian, Melanesian, and Austronesian contact
2053:
1230:
840:
802:
561:
11626:
5949:
On the Roads to the Wind: An archaeological history of the Pacific Islands before European contact
4921:
Assessing Y-chromosome Variation in the South Pacific Using Newly Detected, By Krista Erin Latham
4879:"Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: MtDNA and y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific"
3984:
On the road of the wings: an archaeological history of the Pacific Islands before European contact
3823:"Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: MtDNA and y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific"
3004:
2698:
everyday life. People traveled thousands of miles to celebrations that they all owned communally.
2498:
included a chapter titled "The Kon-Tiki Myth" in his 1960 book on Polynesia, concluding that "The
1445:. The Mulifanua site, where 4,288 pottery shards have been found and studied, has a "true" age of
943:
in pre-colonial times, but these islands were uninhabited by the time European explorers arrived.
13095:
12786:
12693:
12370:
12080:
12075:
11439:
11342:
10943:
10742:
10382:
10135:
9444:
9074:
8415:
8061:
7805:
7461:
7375:
6854:
6347:
6079:
Coughlin, Jenna (2016). "Trouble in Paradise: Revising Identity in Two Texts by Thor Heyerdahl".
2872:
2486:
None of Heyerdahl's proposals have been accepted in the scientific community. The anthropologist
2009:
1467:
spread 6,000 km further to the east from the Bismarck Archipelago, until reaching as far as
1403:
1207:
1192:
400:
The convergent plate boundary that runs northwards from New Zealand's North Island is called the
9741:
6835:
Obituary: David Henry Lewis—including how he came to rediscover Pacific Ocean navigation methods
6754:
Polynesian Researches, During a Residence of Nearly Six Years in the South Sea Islands, Volume 3
6743:
Polynesian Researches, During a Residence of Nearly Six Years in the South Sea Islands, Volume 2
6732:
Polynesian Researches, During a Residence of Nearly Six Years in the South Sea Islands, Volume 1
3776:
Hage, P.; Marck, J. (2003). "Matrilineality and Melanesian Origin of Polynesian Y Chromosomes".
2686:
However, New Zealand demonstrates the opposite: large volcanic islands with fortified villages.
2151:
1838:
13072:
12879:
12473:
12276:
11600:
11372:
11198:
10998:
10953:
10705:
10492:
10455:
10084:
10007:
9879:
7823:
7026:
6834:
6503:"Radiocarbon and DNA evidence for a pre-Columbian introduction of Polynesian chickens to Chile"
3325:
2721:
2217:
2114:
1953:
1738:
1464:
1243:
1203:
6257:
6221:
5205:. Translated by Borden, Arthur R. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. p. 295.
2916:
would be united under one, large, cultural and economic bloc which would be free from Western
1900:
Beginning in the late 13th and early 14th centuries, Polynesians began to migrate in waves to
13200:
13165:
13029:
12949:
12592:
12493:
12102:
11409:
11337:
11131:
10807:
10728:
10507:
10308:
10155:
10079:
10074:
9953:
9793:
9613:
9342:
8629:
8361:
8230:
7866:
7496:
7491:
7453:
7184:
7169:
2961:
2351:
Tuvalu was first sighted by Europeans in January 1568 during the voyage of Spanish navigator
2282:
1992:
900:
390:
236:
10215:
9776:
8349:
7876:
6958:
6752:
1483:
confederacy of Fiji. This is where most Fijian-Polynesian linguistic interactions occurred.
13039:
12015:
11733:
11424:
11327:
11203:
11141:
11121:
11106:
11003:
10883:
10658:
10557:
10478:
9625:
9115:
8069:
7909:
7856:
7749:
7501:
7476:
7279:
6573:
6514:
6137:
5985:
5952:
5765:
5084:
5014:
4953:
4723:
4627:
4533:
4486:
4374:
4169:
4086:
4028:
3938:
3879:
3203:
3109:
methods based largely on Micronesian methods and the teachings of a Micronesian navigator,
3101:
2711:
2515:
2285:
skills are recognised to have allowed deliberate journeys on double-hull sailing canoes or
2224:
1933:
1777:
1687:
1637:
1563:
1391:
1316:
1271:
1180:
1176:
1138:
522:
513:. An island group with strong Polynesian cultural traits outside of this great triangle is
224:
9305:
8634:
6393:
6100:
2597:
Eastern Polynesian cultures are highly adapted to smaller islands and atolls, principally
2440:
contact by Polynesia with the Americas with varying levels of plausibility. These include
2195:
1995:
and the Māori. In response to the conflict, the colonial government initiated a series of
951:
8:
12688:
12353:
12290:
12266:
12097:
11958:
11904:
11845:
11816:
11756:
11751:
11575:
11474:
11395:
10983:
10797:
10787:
10693:
10633:
10552:
10089:
9982:
9410:
8721:
8336:
8147:
7904:
7739:
7729:
7719:
7701:
7584:
7574:
7400:
7370:
6878:
6483:
5633:. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific and Government of Tuvalu.
3079:
From a single chicken bone recovered from the archaeological site of El Arenal-1, on the
2849:, supplement this with tourism income. Some have more unusual sources of income, such as
2469:
1360:
1144:
925:
565:
443:
285:
273:
82:
9416:
6741:
6730:
6577:
6518:
6141:
5989:
5769:
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5018:
4958:
4728:
4631:
4537:
4490:
4378:
4173:
4090:
4032:
3942:
3883:
2973:
traveled to small inhabited islands using only their own senses and knowledge passed by
2808:), it is 'Avaiki. In the Hawaiian islands, where the glottal stop replaces the original
2563:
2297:
into the Tuvaluan atolls, with Tuvalu providing a stepping stone for migration into the
54:
19:
This article is about the wider region in the Pacific. For the French collectivity, see
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12597:
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11884:
11806:
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11469:
11156:
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10752:
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10517:
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10024:
9874:
9126:
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8197:
8086:
7602:
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7410:
7315:
7287:
7252:
6993:
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6596:
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6104:
6096:
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5747:
5484:
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5258:
5165:
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5108:
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5035:
5002:
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4556:
4521:
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4406:
4390:
4192:
4157:
4107:
4074:
4049:
4016:
3964:
3793:
3755:
3301:
3208:
3065:
3041:
2583:
2545:
2422:
2298:
2049:
1976:
1453:
971:
644:
249:
228:
11116:
6620:"A Return Voyage Between Puluwat and Saipan Using Micronesian Navigational Techniques"
6186:"Polynesians steering by the stars met Native Americans long before Europeans arrived"
5239:"Linguistic Subgrouping within Polynesia: The Implications for Prehistoric Settlement"
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3926:
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12503:
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12114:
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9019:
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2130:
1817:
1707:
1516:
947:
895:
487:
359:
289:
9932:
6619:
6562:"Indo-European and Asian origins for Chilean and Pacific chickens revealed by mtDNA"
6065:
4657:
3401:– via NZ Electronic Text Centre, Victoria University, NZ Licence CC BY-SA 3.0.
3245:
2724:
language family. Polynesian languages show a considerable degree of similarity. The
2671:. In these cases fishing, the primary source of protein, would not ease the loss of
2658:
Religion, farming, fishing, weather prediction, out-rigger canoe (similar to modern
2412:
2126:
13138:
13133:
13123:
13052:
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12683:
12626:
12555:
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9937:
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9439:
9385:
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8803:
8469:
8373:
8307:
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8215:
8165:
8038:
8002:
7992:
7964:
7959:
7929:
7841:
7800:
7569:
7529:
7486:
7438:
7423:
7179:
7164:
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6948:
6928:
6896:
6701:
6649:
6591:
6581:
6532:
6522:
6311:
6299:
6145:
6128:
6088:
6053:
5993:
5783:
5773:
5748:"Archaeological science meets Māori knowledge to model pre-Columbian sweet potato (
5580:
5347:
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5022:
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4797:
4787:
4743:
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4541:
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4382:
4187:
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4102:
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3747:
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2379:
2240:
2188:
1988:
1673:
1520:
1348:
1238:
1188:
1120:
1032:
936:
932:
775:
663:
506:
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491:
409:
394:
351:
314:
277:
171:
165:
109:
24:
20:
10160:
10012:
9869:
4792:
4442:
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4386:
3968:
2897:
2084:
tools, chiefly red feathers, and seashells reserved for royalty (such as polished
13024:
12525:
12513:
12498:
12453:
12403:
12343:
12285:
12246:
12234:
12227:
12136:
11953:
11936:
11911:
11302:
11213:
11070:
11055:
10377:
10343:
10313:
10180:
9947:
9771:
9731:
9608:
9337:
9252:
9187:
8779:
8577:
8565:
8398:
8383:
8378:
8290:
8283:
8225:
8121:
8114:
7954:
7899:
7846:
7549:
7365:
7345:
6916:
6906:
6901:
5909:
5853:
5778:
5200:
4928:
4843:
4332:
3735:
3722:
3706:
3534:
3309:
3269:
3261:
3237:
3061:
2925:
2893:
2812:, the largest island of the group is named Hawai'i. In Samoa, where the original
2769:
2737:
2679:
2199:
2025:
1925:
1917:
1791:
1773:
1583:
1579:
1551:
1512:
1411:
1368:
1221:
Express Train model: A recent (c. 3000–1000 BC) expansion out of Taiwan, via the
986:
917:
712:
502:
420:
103:
11257:
9677:
2904:. Under the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, all nations stretching from
2651:
1921:
1895:
13169:
13118:
13017:
12981:
12961:
12944:
12884:
12648:
12540:
12518:
12508:
12360:
12338:
12222:
12217:
12202:
12197:
12124:
12070:
12022:
11993:
11899:
11889:
11317:
11237:
11065:
11040:
11025:
10993:
10348:
10185:
10140:
10044:
9864:
9566:
9556:
9541:
9515:
9454:
9322:
9044:
8914:
8600:
8506:
8501:
8422:
8210:
8180:
7997:
7934:
7782:
7519:
7214:
7194:
7071:
7031:
7011:
6963:
6943:
6654:
6637:
6150:
6123:
6092:
5971:"Ancient DNA of the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) from Rapa Nui (Easter Island)"
5724:. 89(2) The Journal of the Polynesian Society. pp. 167–198. Archived from
5416:
5096:
5026:
5003:"Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks"
4131:"First ancestry of Ni-Vanuatu is Asian: New DNA Discoveries recently published"
3190:
3176:
3122:
2974:
2909:
2905:
2864:
2456:
2286:
2228:
2213:
1984:
1972:
1929:
1874:
1633:
1625:
1590:
in the 12th century AD, with the migrant pathway branching to the north to the
1536:
1437:
The most eastern site for Lapita archaeological remains recovered so far is at
1267:
1148:
1087:
1056:
992:
940:
751:
583:
367:
355:
11008:
10109:
5997:
5584:
5351:
4592:
4498:
3751:
2363:(Spanish for "Island of Jesus") because the previous day was the feast of the
13184:
13143:
13012:
13004:
12971:
12708:
12658:
12550:
12545:
12535:
12385:
12348:
12256:
12251:
12153:
12058:
11247:
11015:
10963:
10958:
9756:
9561:
9533:
9482:
9359:
9349:
9317:
9288:
8791:
8585:
8560:
8538:
8447:
8432:
8344:
8205:
8170:
8051:
7650:
7617:
7612:
7471:
7335:
7209:
7149:
7036:
6891:
6663:
6325:
5457:
5254:
5225:
the grand priest was almost always a brother or near relative of his chief .
4506:
4451:
2933:
2858:
2846:
2622:
2532:
in a period dated between 1150 and 1380 AD. Whether this happened because of
2205:
After a bloody civil war, political power in Tonga eventually fell under the
2105:
2033:
2021:
1957:
1599:
1528:
1336:
1169:
1018:
639:
596:
459:
386:
375:
336:
281:
216:
9027:
6586:
6527:
6316:
4968:
4893:
4738:
4640:
4615:
4546:
4182:
3892:
3837:
2340:
2312:
Stories as to the ancestors of the Tuvaluans vary from island to island. On
13047:
12986:
12966:
12956:
12666:
12638:
12393:
12131:
12065:
12034:
11983:
11855:
11784:
11721:
11711:
11272:
10303:
10298:
10210:
9859:
9788:
9746:
9723:
9659:
9576:
9571:
9546:
9394:
9090:
8982:
8903:
8844:
8798:
8711:
8649:
8595:
8484:
8437:
8427:
8356:
7891:
7833:
7534:
7481:
7219:
7199:
7189:
7016:
7001:
6886:
6671:
6605:
6546:
6159:
5797:
5104:
5044:
4901:
4811:
4771:
4649:
4565:
4402:
4201:
4116:
4058:
3960:
3911:
3845:
3069:
2941:
2761:
2647:
2637:
2602:
2559:
2449:
2402:
2257:
1913:
1909:
1711:
1703:
1660:
1575:
1508:
1463:
Within a mere three or four centuries, between 1300 and 900 BC, the Lapita
1328:
1305:
913:
615:
521:. The people of Rotuma have many common Polynesian traits, but speak a non-
471:
424:
28:
4987:
4862:
4757:
2928:
in the east, although it was originally planned to stretch as far east as
462:. The other main island groups located within the Polynesian Triangle are
13103:
13062:
12993:
12698:
12587:
12530:
12458:
12408:
12295:
12271:
12160:
11998:
11916:
11894:
11870:
11716:
11706:
11352:
11292:
11267:
10973:
10407:
10258:
9783:
9586:
9497:
9332:
9232:
8755:
8730:
8489:
8317:
8220:
7418:
7234:
7102:
7081:
6933:
6638:"Marine turtles used to assist Austronesian sailors reaching new islands"
6636:
Wilmé, Lucienne; Waeber, Patrick O.; Ganzhorn, Joerg U. (February 2016).
6057:
5828:"Sweet potato migrated to Polynesia thousands of years before people did"
5721:
The Mystery of Gran Cocal: European Discovery and Mis-Discovery in Tuvalu
3414:"Island Migrations (1): The Polynesian Navigators Followed a Unique Plan"
3218:
3130:
3110:
3045:
2917:
2672:
2626:
2356:
2180:
2029:
1952:", in order to resist potential efforts at colonizing New Zealand by the
1945:
1937:
1901:
1787:
1524:
1423:
1356:
1283:
1222:
1103:
1044:
1012:
844:
736:
707:
624:
526:
455:
447:
363:
347:
340:
220:
67:
10238:
9813:
6788:
5465:
5441:
5262:
5238:
5169:
5142:
5001:
Ioannidis, A.G.; Blanco-Portillo, J.; Sandoval, K.; et al. (2021).
4475:"Sailing virtual canoes across Oceania: revisiting island accessibility"
4098:
4040:
3494:
2139:
2097:
1826:
219:. The indigenous people who inhabit the islands of Polynesia are called
93:
Outline of sovereign (dark orange) and dependent islands (bright orange)
12633:
12602:
12428:
12423:
12087:
12048:
12010:
11928:
11801:
11686:
11681:
11208:
10064:
9818:
8835:
8750:
8442:
8248:
8139:
7107:
6382:"NZ may be invited to join proposed 'Polynesian Triangle' ginger group"
5686:"Spanish Discoveries in the Central Pacific: A Study in Identification"
4394:
4362:
3105:
3025:
2663:
2591:
2306:
1968:
1862:
1664:
1431:
1364:
1344:
1301:
1234:
1184:
1153:
692:
538:
405:
265:
235:. In centuries past, they had a strong shared tradition of sailing and
63:
47:
9803:
8680:
6284:
5891:
Finney, Ben R. (1976) "New, Non-Armchair Research". In Ben R. Finney,
5851:
5182:
Hawkesworth J, Wallis JS, Byron J, Carteret P, Cook J, Banks J (1773)
4459:
3440:"Island Migrations (2): Birds and Sea Currents Aided Canoe Navigators"
3013:
2833:
1539:
and genetic drift. The Polynesian may be distinctively different both
320:
13080:
12739:
12713:
12621:
12614:
12398:
12175:
12109:
12005:
11828:
11811:
11696:
11691:
11665:
11322:
11183:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
11045:
10283:
10029:
9849:
9426:
9312:
9202:
9038:
8868:
8809:
8765:
8744:
8452:
8175:
8029:
7607:
7597:
7340:
7224:
7118:
6352:
The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire 1936–1945
5911:
A Hero for the Atomic Age: Thor Heyerdahl and the Kon-Tiki Expedition
4939:
4709:
4520:
Wilmshurst, J. M.; Hunt, T. L.; Lipo, C. P.; Anderson, A. J. (2010).
3345:
3333:
3184:
3029:
2970:
2940:. This never came to fruition, however, as Japan was defeated during
2900:) began promulgating the idea of what would soon become known as the
2800:. In the Cook Islands, where the glottal stop replaces the original *
2741:
2659:
2633:
2614:
2587:
2368:
2302:
2184:
1961:
1754:
1680:
1640:
1603:
1591:
1544:
1491:
1438:
1427:
1292:
1275:
1259:
1226:
760:
534:
379:
232:
204:
59:
43:
8785:
6459:
Tupaia – The Remarkable Story of Captain Cook's Polynesian Navigator
6434:
Tupaia – The Remarkable Story of Captain Cook's Polynesian Navigator
5073:"Modern Polynesian genomes offer clues to early eastward migrations"
4473:
Di Piazza, Anne; Di Piazza, Philippe; Pearthree, Erik (2007-08-01).
4217:"New Information for the Ferry Berth Site, Mulifanua, Western Samoa"
3465:
Polynesia: A History of the South Sea Islands, including New Zealand
2765:
12607:
12212:
12148:
12119:
12029:
11988:
11796:
11776:
11656:
11347:
11307:
11126:
10145:
10116:
10019:
9968:
9833:
9761:
9212:
9013:
9002:
8908:
8739:
8533:
8403:
8273:
7871:
7635:
7380:
7269:
7076:
6921:
5756:
3789:
2610:
2550:
2503:
2317:
2175:
2085:
2077:
2045:
2012:, roughly 600,000 people in New Zealand identified as being Māori.
1753:
made the first European landing in the islands when he set foot on
1742:
1595:
1587:
1540:
1287:
1282:". They had given up rice production, for instance, which required
1062:
1038:
921:
305:
77:
9828:
7791:
7061:
4426:"Anomalous Westerlies, El Niño, and the Colonization of Polynesia"
3539:"Prehistoric Settlement on Norfolk Island and its Oceanic Context"
1270:
peoples", so-named after their pottery tradition, appeared in the
423:
that currently traverses New Zealand's South Island, known as the
378:— are the unsubmerged portions of the largely sunken continent of
371:
12579:
12317:
12207:
12165:
12053:
11865:
11860:
11789:
11312:
11277:
11227:
11218:
10333:
10268:
10170:
10103:
9798:
9505:
9375:
9300:
9267:
9161:
9051:
8995:
8989:
8879:
8814:
8774:
8528:
8518:
8457:
8091:
7851:
7677:
7443:
7153:
7086:
7051:
7041:
6968:
5855:
Polynesians in America: Pre-Columbian Contacts with the New World
5605:. Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific.
5291:"History of Rarotonga & the Cook Islands: European explorers"
4337:"Colonisation and culture change in the early prehistory of Fiji"
3711:
Australian Archaeologist: Collected Papers in Honour of Jim Allen
3581:. Attorney-General's Department. 28 February 2008. Archived from
3170:
3141:
Also, people of the Marshall Islands used special devices called
2986:
2982:
2913:
2892:
The first major attempt at uniting the Polynesian islands was by
2797:
2643:
2445:
2441:
2329:
2321:
2262:
2061:
1878:
1808:
Fiji is classified as Melanesian and (less commonly) Polynesian.
1795:
1415:
1332:
1097:
1074:
1028:
1022:
835:
530:
510:
479:
208:
89:
71:
5557:. Otago University, Studies in Prehistoric Anthropology, Vol. 9.
5000:
4673:
The Statues that Walked: Unraveling the Mystery of Easter Island
4252:
3657:"A Classification of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World"
2529:
2436:
There are also other possible material and cultural evidence of
1794:, proclaimed the Lau islands as his kingdom, and took the title
284:. Another term in use, which avoids this inconsistency, is "the
13085:
12189:
12143:
11850:
11837:
11242:
10328:
10278:
9823:
9717:
List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania
9464:
9354:
9262:
9007:
8976:
8890:
8857:
8550:
8496:
8410:
8278:
7066:
6978:
6953:
6802:
3126:
2929:
2850:
2725:
2618:
2606:
2579:
2511:
2344:
2313:
2278:
2081:
2065:
1980:
1480:
1372:
1352:
1279:
1161:
1050:
1008:
904:
877:
794:
789:
687:
672:
514:
475:
451:
343:. The Hawaiian archipelago comprises about half the remainder.
329:
310:
212:
11178:
Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
6019:
The Wayfinders: Why Ancient Wisdom Matters in the Modern World
183:
180:
133:
12936:
12831:
12375:
11673:
11657:
11297:
11252:
10222:
10205:
10190:
9808:
9283:
9257:
9247:
9237:
9227:
9032:
8970:
8952:
8919:
8873:
8545:
8523:
8511:
8312:
8266:
7924:
7006:
6973:
6829:
Useful introduction to Maori society, including canoe voyages
6021:, Crawley: University of Western Australia Publishing, p. 46.
5276:
4017:"Genomic insights into the peopling of the Southwest Pacific"
3339:
3118:
3053:
3049:
3036:
3032:
3017:
2997:
2937:
2857:' internet top-level domain name or the Cooks that relied on
2575:
2571:
2465:
2333:
2325:
2294:
2274:
2212:
In 1845, the ambitious young warrior, strategist, and orator
2089:
2073:
2069:
2041:
1648:
1644:
1620:
1562:(male) concluded that the ancestors of Polynesian women were
1499:
1495:
1476:
1472:
1457:
1442:
1419:
1340:
1068:
982:
859:
817:
648:
467:
463:
413:
6839:
6559:
6124:"Native South Americans were early inhabitants of Polynesia"
1924:
on the New Zealand mainland, while those who settled in the
1262:
of Polynesian Y chromosomes can be traced back to Melanesia.
1123:(the most southerly known evidence of Polynesian settlement)
408:
zone is associated with the volcanism that gave rise to the
393:. The Pacific plate had previously been subducted under the
11970:
10293:
10273:
10263:
10243:
10200:
10165:
10150:
9854:
9766:
9751:
9551:
9399:
9207:
8965:
8958:
8850:
8825:
8820:
8464:
8295:
8046:
7021:
6938:
6407:"American Samoa joins Polynesian Leaders Group, MOU signed"
6370:
Visions of Victory: The Hopes of Eight World War II Leaders
5156:
Marck, J. (2008). "Proto Oceanic Society was matrilineal".
5129:
Hage, P. (1998). "Was Proto Oceanic Society matrilineal?".
4697:"Who were the first humans to reach New Zealand (with map)"
4472:
3057:
2978:
2728:
are generally the same—a, e, i, o, and u, pronounced as in
2625:, and smaller central-pacific groups. The large islands of
2598:
2270:
2236:
2037:
1882:
1602:(Rapa Nui), which was settled in approximately 1200 AD via
1487:
1468:
1297:
1165:
1004:
998:
799:
727:
518:
483:
325:
186:
142:
139:
8100:
5752:) dispersal to Polynesia's southernmost habitable margins"
5366:"Taming the frontier Page 4 – Declaration of Independence"
4519:
3924:
3060:. As the Admiralty orders directed Cook to search for the
946:
The oceanic islands to the east of Easter Island, such as
118:
9926:
6500:
5188:, vol 1, chap 10. W. Strahan and T. Cadell in the Strand.
4071:
2854:
442:
Polynesia is generally defined as the islands within the
124:
81:
Polynesia is generally defined as the islands within the
27:. For the point of land in the South Orkney Islands, see
9156:
6484:"First Chickens in Americas Were Brought From Polynesia"
4875:
3819:
2518:
maritime technology in favor of a primitive balsa raft.
5649:"Field Notes on the Culture of Vaitupu, Ellice Islands"
4158:"Ancient DNA from Guam and the Peopling of the Pacific"
3865:
3393:(reprint ed.). Whitcombe and Tombs Ltd. p. 67
2788:, becomes Havai'i. In New Zealand, where the original *
260:
proposed a narrower definition during a lecture at the
8060:
7978:
5628:
5393:"Treaty of Waitangi – Creating the Treaty of Waitangi"
5372:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 23 September 2016
3100:
sailed his catamaran from Tahiti to New Zealand using
2996:
Polynesian (Hawaiian) navigators sailing multi-hulled
2944:
and subsequently lost all power and influence it had.
2716:
Polynesian languages are all members of the family of
38:
Polynesia is one of three major cultural areas of the
4155:
3771:
3769:
2689:
As well as being great navigators, these people were
2479:
crew. It captured the public's attention, making the
195:
177:
151:
136:
130:
112:
5600:
5555:
The Cultural Relationships of the Polynesian Outiers
4827:"The theory of speciation via the founder principle"
3868:"Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome"
3152:
2764:
is increasingly represented by an inverted comma or
2378:
Fishing was the primary source of protein, with the
1598:
in the south, and to the easternmost destination on
1157:
The Polynesian spread of colonization in the Pacific
121:
115:
6635:
6396:, Radio New Zealand International, 18 November 2011
5746:Barber, Ian; Higham, Thomas F. G. (14 April 2021).
5124:
5122:
1327:
The results of research at the Teouma Lapita site (
264:of Paris. By tradition, the islands located in the
174:
127:
5646:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3766:
3738:(2005). "Subpolar Settlement in South Polynesia".
2752:are used in central and eastern Polynesia whereas
1582:(Tōtaiete mā) in the 11th century AD, the western
1371:. The preliminary analysis of skulls found at the
362:(volcanoes). The other land masses in Polynesia —
9707:
6256:Farhadian, Charles E.; Hefner, Robert W. (2012).
5872:
4363:"Voyaging Canoes and the Settlement of Polynesia"
2582:providing a stepping stone to migration into the
2332:the founding ancestor is described as being from
2324:the founding ancestor is described as being from
1802:adopted Melanesian painting and tattoo methods.)
1686:Linguistically, there are five sub-groups of the
1503:of new voyaging techniques, and cultural shifts.
70:), as well as sovereign and dependent islands of
13182:
5815:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
5527:The Polynesians – Prehistory of an Island People
5509:The Polynesians – Prehistory of an Island People
5480:"Tonga's 150 Polynesian Islands Now Independent"
5119:
4275:The Polynesians – Prehistory of an Island People
4133:. Island Business. December 2016. Archived from
4015:Pontus Skoglund; et al. (27 October 2016).
3476:
2383:were poisoned by salt from the storm surge of a
2117:, the country's head of state, on May 11, 2007.
1410:, 2021) of the remains of early settlers of the
6566:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
6507:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
6461:. Random House, New Zealand. pp. 218–233.
6436:. Random House, New Zealand. pp. 226–227.
6255:
6222:Interstellar Migration and the Human Experience
5813:Easter Island: Archaeology, Ecology and Culture
5624:
5622:
4946:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4716:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4526:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4162:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4014:
3927:"Melanesian origin of Polynesian Y chromosomes"
3872:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3804:
3387:Hiroa, Te Rangi (Sir Peter Henry Buck) (1964).
2887:
1683:elements in traditional Polynesian government.
1315:Map showing the migration and expansion of the
8576:
6394:"New Polynesian Leaders Group formed in Samoa"
5571:Kirch, P.V. (1984). "The Polynesian Outiers".
2896:in the 1930s, when various theorists (chiefly
1676:were very distinctly "Polynesian" by 1000 BC.
599:; self-governing under the supervision of the
11642:
11380:
10713:
10463:
9693:
9631:Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue
9142:
8696:
7134:
6855:
6757:(Second ed.). Fisher, Son & Jackson.
6304:The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
6297:
6277:
5885:
5717:
5306:"Genealogies as a basis for Maori chronology"
3533:
3129:. One theory is that they would have taken a
2828:, and the glottal stop replaces the original
2502:theory is about as plausible as the tales of
2416:
223:. They have many things in common, including
6215:
6213:
5968:
5938:, New York: New American Library, p.212-224.
5903:
5901:
5745:
5679:
5677:
5619:
4664:
4607:
4248:
4246:
3687:
3477:Mortimer, Nick; Campbell, Hamish J. (2017).
2243:became independent from the British Empire.
1202:Between about 3000 and 1000 BC, speakers of
358:, are composed of volcanic islands built by
248:was first used in 1756 by the French writer
243:
6219:Finney, Ben R. and Jones, Eric M. (1986). "
5810:
5520:
5518:
5202:Travels to the Islands of the Pacific Ocean
2406:
2235:(under a High Commissioner who residing in
1749:(Saint Bernard). A decade later, navigator
11649:
11635:
11387:
11373:
10720:
10706:
10470:
10456:
9700:
9686:
9149:
9135:
8703:
8689:
7141:
7127:
6862:
6848:
6298:Matsuoka, Jon; Kelly, Terry (1988-12-01).
6262:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 218–29.
5642:
5640:
5198:
4214:
3986:. London: University of California Press.
2028:of Samoa and Manu'a talks of a widespread
1706:receiving the Russian naval expedition of
1323:. The Polynesian branch is shown in green.
497:Also, small Polynesian settlements are in
10727:
6653:
6595:
6585:
6536:
6526:
6315:
6210:
6149:
6043:
5907:
5898:
5787:
5777:
5674:
5548:
5546:
5500:
5066:
5064:
5052:
5034:
4977:
4967:
4957:
4852:
4842:
4824:
4801:
4791:
4747:
4737:
4727:
4639:
4555:
4545:
4441:
4330:
4243:
4215:Green, Roger C.; Leach, Helen M. (1989).
4191:
4181:
4106:
4048:
3950:
3901:
3891:
3775:
3713:Canberra: Australian National University.
3629:
272:, and their inhabitants have been called
10477:
9178:List of Oceanian countries by population
9104:Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom
6764:Finding Your Ways Without Map or Compass
6362:
6078:
6034:, New York: New American Library, p.224.
5718:Chambers, Keith S.; Munro, Doug (1980).
5566:
5564:
5524:
5515:
5506:
5337:
5303:
5277:"Rakahanga – Island of Beautiful People"
4670:
4613:
4272:
4266:
4123:
4010:
4008:
3734:
3431:
3405:
3003:
2991:
2863:
2642:
2549:
2390:
2256:
2174:
1868:
1856:
1697:
1654:
1613:
1385:
1310:
1160:
1152:
1132:
1114:
319:
304:
215:scattered over the central and southern
88:
76:
53:
33:
11394:
8710:
6481:
6450:
6425:
5637:
5397:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
4770:
3595:
3515:. New Zealand Herald. 28 September 2007
3470:
1979:, which transformed New Zealand into a
1100:(in the Federated States of Micronesia)
252:, who originally applied it to all the
13183:
7148:
6456:
6431:
6399:
6121:
5596:
5594:
5552:
5543:
5529:. Thames and Hudson. pp. 29, 54.
5439:
5390:
5061:
4994:
4423:
4360:
4297:
4149:
4065:
3501:from the original on 17 February 2017.
3437:
3411:
2902:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
2804:(with a likely intermediate stage of *
2667:by the salt from the storm surge of a
11630:
11368:
10701:
10451:
9855:"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)
9681:
9130:
8684:
7122:
6843:
6761:
6750:
6739:
6728:
6684:
6032:The Island Civilizations of Polynesia
5936:The Island Civilizations of Polynesia
5711:
5690:The Journal of the Polynesian Society
5683:
5631:Tuvalu: A History, Chapter 1, Genesis
5570:
5561:
5446:The Journal of the Polynesian Society
5243:The Journal of the Polynesian Society
5236:
5199:Moerenhout, Jacques Antoine (1993) .
5155:
5070:
4776:"Ernst Mayr: Genetics and speciation"
4578:
4277:. Thames and Hudson. pp. 45–65.
4005:
3981:
3648:
3479:"Zealandia: Earth's Hidden Continent"
3386:
3382:
3380:
2875:from 1998 to 2021, who initiated the
446:, although some islands inhabited by
11595:For other topics including Oceanian
9988:French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands
9665:United States Minor Outlying Islands
6482:Wilford, John Noble (June 5, 2007).
6183:
5739:
5511:. Thames and Hudson. pp. 39–44.
5128:
4616:"Late Colonization of Easter Island"
4208:
3438:Holmes, Lowell Don (1 August 1955).
2134:
1975:and several Māori chiefs signed the
1821:
1693:
1335:) and the Talasiu Lapita site (near
1108:United States Minor Outlying Islands
437:
9643:Australian Indian Ocean Territories
9638:States and territories of Australia
7793:Australian Indian Ocean Territories
6346:
6285:"Polynesian Lexicon Project Online"
5895:, The Polynesian Society Inc. p. 5.
5825:
5819:
5591:
4699:. Stuff (Fairfax). 22 January 2018.
4342:. Terra Australis. pp. 417–418
3654:
3363:and some small islands near Hawaii.
3035:construction methods, were kept as
2981:, and where they would rise on the
2760:are used in western Polynesia. The
2233:British Western Pacific Territories
2044:as well as smaller western Pacific
1566:while those of Polynesian men were
1258:(2000), which shows that all three
550:geographically defines the region.
13:
10934:Austral Islands (French Polynesia)
9173:List of Oceanian countries by area
6722:
6384:, Pacific Scoop, 19 September 2011
5969:Barnes, S.S.; et al. (2006).
3571:
3567:from the original on 4 March 2016.
3412:Holmes, Lowell Don (1 June 1955).
3377:
1865:was killed on the island of Hawaii
1679:Early European observers detected
1531:settled between 1200 and 1300 AD.
1414:and early Lapita individuals from
1319:which began at about 3000 BC from
960:indigenous peoples of the Americas
553:
14:
13222:
7778:Heard Island and McDonald Islands
6781:
6198:from the original on 17 July 2020
5978:Journal of Archaeological Science
5653:Journal of the Polynesian Society
5310:Journal of the Polynesian Society
5158:Journal of the Polynesian Society
5131:Journal of the Polynesian Society
4614:Hunt, T. L.; Lipo, C. P. (2006).
4479:Journal of Archaeological Science
4221:Journal of the Polynesian Society
3602:. Moon Publications. p. 43.
3579:"Governance & Administration"
2104:and subsequent annexation by the
1944:(drafted by Scottish businessman
13157:
13156:
12489:West South Central United States
10388:World Invitational Hula Festival
9655:Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)
9650:Territories of the United States
9374:
6801:
6787:
6678:
6629:
6612:
6553:
6494:
5882:, Longman Paul Ltd. pp. 122–128.
5391:Orange, Claudia (20 June 2012).
4671:Hunt, Terry; Lipo, Carl (2011).
3636:. Oxford University. p. 222
3558:10.3853/j.0812-7387.27.2001.1348
3546:Records of the Australian Museum
3183:
3169:
3155:
2138:
1825:
1643:societies upon their arrival in
1390:Grinding stones discovered from
888:
870:
852:
828:
810:
788:
768:
744:
720:
700:
680:
656:
632:
608:
576:
544:
268:have also often been called the
170:
108:
12704:Latin America and the Caribbean
12570:Latin America and the Caribbean
9908:Australian Aboriginal astronomy
9116:New Zealand dependent territory
6624:Pacific Navigation and Voyaging
6475:
6387:
6375:
6340:
6291:
6248:
6239:
6177:
6115:
6072:
6037:
6024:
6011:
5962:
5941:
5928:
5893:Pacific Navigation and Voyaging
5845:
5804:
5472:
5442:"The Genesis of Maori Activism"
5433:
5410:
5384:
5358:
5331:
5297:
5283:
5269:
5230:
5191:
5176:
5149:
4933:
4915:
4886:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4869:
4818:
4764:
4703:
4689:
4572:
4513:
4466:
4417:
4354:
4324:
4291:
3975:
3918:
3859:
3830:Molecular Biology and Evolution
3728:
3716:
3700:
3681:
3630:Moncrieff, Robert Hope (1907).
3623:
3589:
3444:XXVI(1) Pacific Islands Monthly
3418:XXV(11) Pacific Islands Monthly
2832:, the largest island is called
2371:in August 1595, which he named
2339:The extent of influence of the
1782:Fiji during the time of Cakobau
1718:
931:Polynesians once inhabited the
11415:Federated States of Micronesia
11298:Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)
10989:Federated States of Micronesia
10748:Federated States of Micronesia
10498:Federated States of Micronesia
9993:Federated States of Micronesia
8885:Federated States of Micronesia
8262:Federated States of Micronesia
6687:"Marshall Islands Stick Chart"
6368:Weinberg, L. Gerhard. (2005).
6259:Introducing World Christianity
6227:University of California Press
5957:University of California Press
4256:Journal of Pacific Archaeology
3527:
3505:
3457:
3353:
3231:
2845:Polynesian locations, such as
2584:Polynesian outlier communities
2525:between Polynesian people and
2375:, meaning "the solitary one".
2355:who sailed past the island of
2299:Polynesian outlier communities
1889:
1145:Mariana Islands § History
1092:Federated States of Micronesia
645:Province and special territory
402:Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone
374:, the Polynesian outlier near
292:of the referenced "triangle".
1:
9709:Culture of indigenous Oceania
9087:Often included in Australasia
8645:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
8416:Southeastern Hawaiian Islands
7525:Barossa Light and Lower North
6869:
6792:The dictionary definition of
6626:, The Polynesian Society Inc.
6245:Encyclopædia Britannica, 1995
5880:Ancient Voyagers in Polynesia
5811:Van Tilburg, Jo Anne (1994).
5601:Sogivalu, Pulekau A. (1992).
4443:10.1525/aa.1985.87.1.02a00030
4387:10.1126/science.196.4296.1277
3952:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00734-X
3370:
2955:
2426:
2209:dynasty in the 16th century.
1446:
1081:
920:, most of which are parts of
211:, made up of more than 1,000
23:. For the genus of moth, see
12171:Middle East and North Africa
11876:Middle East and North Africa
11137:Oceanian legendary creatures
9604:British Overseas Territories
7545:Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island
7262:Australian Capital Territory
6746:. Fisher, Son & Jackson.
6735:. Fisher, Son & Jackson.
6184:Wade, Lizzie (8 July 2020).
6122:Wallin, Paul (8 July 2020).
5779:10.1371/journal.pone.0247643
5696:(4): 284–326. Archived from
4305:. p. 25. Archived from
3346:
3334:
2888:Inter-Polynesian cooperation
2869:Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi
2705:
2102:Tripartite Convention (1899)
2004:emerged seeking redress for
1950:United Tribes of New Zealand
1861:On February 14, 1779, Capt.
976:
841:Non-self-governing territory
346:Most Polynesian islands and
295:
7:
11617:Category:Culture of Oceania
9435:Ashmore and Cartier Islands
9071:Often included in Polynesia
8102:Solomon Islands Archipelago
7768:Ashmore and Cartier Islands
7331:Greater Blue Mountains Area
6622:. In Ben R. Finney (1976),
6413:. Savalii. 20 November 2011
5826:Fox, Alex (12 April 2018).
5647:Kennedy, Donald G. (1929).
5629:O'Brien, Talakatoa (1983).
4793:10.1093/genetics/167.3.1041
3214:Polynesian Voyaging Society
3148:
2922:Japanese occupied Indochina
2556:Tahitian Women on the Beach
2539:
2475:on a primitive raft with a
1942:declaration of independence
1725:History of the Cook Islands
1217:(2000) and are as follows:
965:
10:
13227:
12464:Northeastern United States
11219:Chatham Islander (Moriori
10117:Weriyeng navigation school
9619:Overseas country of France
8512:Independent State of Samoa
6825:(archived 1 November 2012)
6814:Interview with David Lewis
6700:(7): 12–13. Archived from
6655:10.1016/j.crvi.2015.12.001
6151:10.1038/d41586-020-01983-5
6101:10.5406/scanstud.88.3.0246
6093:10.5406/scanstud.88.3.0246
5573:Journal of Pacific History
5423:, Penguin, 2000, page 146
5340:Journal of Pacific History
5316:(1): 45–54. Archived from
5097:10.1038/d41586-021-01719-z
5071:Kirch, Patrick V. (2021).
5027:10.1038/s41586-021-03902-8
4844:10.1093/genetics/94.4.1011
3552:(Supplement 27): 135–141.
3513:"The sinking of Moa's Ark"
3340:
3329:
3062:"Great Southern Continent"
2959:
2839:
2709:
2543:
2394:
2353:Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira
2250:
2124:
1893:
1815:
1771:
1722:
1609:
1359:and did not mix with the '
1246:, and archaeological data.
1142:
1136:
1127:
969:
781:British Overseas Territory
300:
18:
13152:
13094:
13071:
13038:
13002:
12935:
12829:
12737:
12728:
12657:
12578:
12384:
12188:
11969:
11927:
11836:
11827:
11775:
11732:
11672:
11593:
11506:
11483:
11402:
11361:
11191:
11170:
11089:
10926:
10839:
10816:
10735:
10692:
10676:
10589:
10566:
10485:
10444:
10435:
10357:
10231:
10128:
9961:traditions and ceremonies
9893:
9842:
9722:
9715:
9599:
9532:
9514:
9496:
9463:
9425:
9408:
9383:
9372:
9276:
9195:
9186:
9168:
9158:Countries and territories
9067:
8929:
8834:
8764:
8729:
8719:
8664:
8615:
8591:Howland and Baker Islands
8335:
8326:
8247:
8196:
8156:
8138:
8037:
8028:
7945:
7890:
7832:
7822:
7758:
7700:
7626:
7583:
7510:
7452:
7409:
7301:
7278:
7260:
7251:
7242:
7233:
7160:
7095:
6992:
6984:Wallis and Futuna Islands
6877:
5998:10.1016/j.jas.2006.02.006
5603:A Brief History of Niutao
5585:10.1080/00223348408572496
5352:10.1080/00223349708572831
5304:Roberton, J.B.W. (1956).
4825:Templeton, A. R. (1980).
4593:10.1017/S0003598X00077280
4499:10.1016/j.jas.2006.10.013
3752:10.1017/S0003598X00114930
3463:Russell, Michael (1849).
3056:and Melanesian island of
2246:
2194:In the 10th century, the
2120:
2111:League of Nations mandate
1811:
1751:Pedro Fernández de Quirós
1688:Polynesian language group
1667:'s voyage to New Zealand.
1578:(Rarotonga), then to the
1229:and from the northwest ("
733:State in free association
621:State in free association
601:Office of Insular Affairs
12945:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
11949:Transantarctic Mountains
11566:Northern Mariana Islands
11021:Northern Mariana Islands
10899:Northern Mariana Islands
10649:Northern Mariana Islands
10420:Festival of Pacific Arts
9582:Northern Mariana Islands
8897:Northern Mariana Islands
8301:Northern Mariana Islands
6642:Comptes Rendus Biologies
5908:Andersson, Axel (2010).
5525:Bellwood, Peter (1987).
5507:Bellwood, Peter (1987).
5421:A History of New Zealand
4273:Bellwood, Peter (1987).
3662:. UNESCO. Archived from
3224:
3104:without instruments and
2950:Polynesian Leaders Group
2877:Polynesian Leaders Group
2650:from the ridgepole of a
2170:
2020:In the 9th century, the
2015:
1991:(1845–1872) between the
1494:), Western Polynesia of
1206:spread from Taiwan into
12694:Caribbean South America
11531:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
10864:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
10614:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
10383:Merrie Monarch Festival
9445:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
9075:Overseas collectivities
8062:East Melanesian Islands
7980:NZ Subantarctic Islands
7806:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
7656:Perth Metropolitan Area
6831:(archived 17 July 2013)
6751:Ellis, William (1832).
6740:Ellis, William (1829).
6729:Ellis, William (1829).
6694:Paradise of the Pacific
6587:10.1073/pnas.0801991105
6528:10.1073/pnas.0703993104
6317:10.15453/0191-5096.1868
4969:10.1073/pnas.95.15.9047
4739:10.1073/pnas.95.15.9047
4641:10.1126/science.1121879
4547:10.1073/pnas.1015876108
4430:American Anthropologist
4424:Finney, Ben R. (1985).
4298:Pawley, Andrew (2007).
4183:10.1073/pnas.2022112118
3893:10.1073/pnas.97.15.8225
3596:Stanley, David (1979).
3537:; White, Peter (2001).
3305:
3297:
3281:
3257:
3028:techniques, along with
3008:A common fishing canoe
2873:Prime Minister of Samoa
2010:2013 New Zealand census
1916:islands as well as the
1908:, settling on both the
1767:
1618:A depiction of a royal
1554:wrote that analysis of
1208:Maritime Southeast Asia
1193:Maritime Southeast Asia
237:using stars to navigate
12474:Southern United States
12277:Scandinavian Peninsula
11343:Torres Strait Islander
10729:Literature of Oceania
10085:Micronesian Navigation
9294:Juan Fernández Islands
9100:with the United States
8670:also part of Polynesia
8640:Juan Fernández Islands
8350:Salas and Gómez Island
6766:. Dover Publications.
6762:Gatty, Harold (1999).
5878:Sharp, Andrew (1963).
5440:Walker, R. J. (1984).
4888:. pp. 2234–2244.
3998:Quoted in Kayser, M.;
3832:. pp. 2234–2244.
3690:New Zealand Geographic
3599:South Pacific Handbook
3390:Vikings of the Sunrise
3321:
3313:
3289:
3273:
3265:
3249:
3241:
3199:Films set in Polynesia
3090:
3021:
3001:
2880:
2796:, the ancient home is
2720:, a sub-branch of the
2702:slavery disappeared."
2655:
2566:
2417:
2407:
2266:
2218:Shirley Waldemar Baker
2191:
2115:Malietoa Tanumafili II
1886:
1866:
1715:
1668:
1629:
1594:(Te Henua 'Enana), to
1465:archaeological culture
1395:
1324:
1204:Austronesian languages
1172:
1158:
956:Juan Fernández Islands
332:
317:
258:Jules Dumont d'Urville
254:islands of the Pacific
244:
94:
86:
74:
51:
12950:Antarctic Convergence
12494:Western United States
11509:and other territories
11313:Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)
11199:Indigenous Australian
11097:Australian Aboriginal
10842:and other territories
10592:and other territories
10479:Languages of Oceania
10080:Polynesian Navigation
10060:Torres Strait Islands
9614:Overseas collectivity
8722:Dependent territories
8630:Desventuradas Islands
8367:Southern Cook Islands
8362:Northern Cook Islands
7185:Indo-Australian Plate
7180:Bird's Tail Peninsula
7175:Bird's Head Peninsula
7096:Polynesian-influenced
6822:Spirits of the Voyage
6816:(archived 1 May 2013)
6457:Druett, Joan (1987).
6432:Druett, Joan (1987).
5684:Maude, H. E. (1959).
5659:: 2–5. Archived from
5553:Bayard, D.T. (1976).
5237:Green, Roger (1966).
4894:10.1093/molbev/msl093
3982:Kirch, P. V. (2000).
3838:10.1093/molbev/msl093
3655:Udvardy, Miklos D.F.
3585:on 20 September 2010.
3085:
3007:
2995:
2962:Polynesian navigation
2867:
2646:
2553:
2395:Further information:
2391:Links to the Americas
2283:Polynesian navigation
2260:
2178:
2006:historical grievances
1872:
1860:
1701:
1658:
1632:The Polynesians were
1624:(Hawaiian temple) at
1617:
1586:(Tuha'a Pae) and the
1389:
1314:
1195:, and ultimately, in
1164:
1156:
1133:Origins and expansion
1115:Sub-Antarctic islands
1071:(in Papua New Guinea)
1041:(in Papua New Guinea)
901:Overseas collectivity
593:unorganized territory
391:Indo-Australian Plate
323:
308:
262:Société de Géographie
92:
80:
57:
40:Pacific Ocean islands
37:
12016:Greater Central Asia
11396:Religion in Oceania
11328:Taiwanese aborigines
10682:Languages of Oceania
9626:Realm of New Zealand
9093:of the United States
8070:Bismarck Archipelago
7760:External Territories
7641:Goldfields–Esperance
7280:Jervis Bay Territory
7170:Australia-New Guinea
6820:Lewis commenting on
6810:at Wikimedia Commons
6685:Bryan, E.H. (1938).
6354:. pp. 447–448.
6081:Scandinavian Studies
6058:10.1162/DRAM_a_00522
6046:TDR/The Drama Review
4361:Finney, Ben (1977).
3778:Current Anthropology
3204:Polynesian narrative
2853:which marketed its '
2712:Polynesian languages
2691:artists and artisans
2359:, and charted it as
2225:British protectorate
1934:Settlers from Europe
1885:, early 20th century
1778:Seru Epenisa Cakobau
1761:(Beautiful People).
1757:in 1606, calling it
1558:(mtDNA, female) and
1381:Taiwanese aborigines
1272:Bismarck Archipelago
1181:Polynesian languages
1168:at Ahu Tongariki on
1139:Austronesian peoples
1077:(in Solomon Islands)
1065:(in Solomon Islands)
1059:(in Solomon Islands)
1053:(in Solomon Islands)
1047:(in Solomon Islands)
995:(in Solomon Islands)
517:, situated north of
225:linguistic relations
16:Subregion of Oceania
13162:Continents of Earth
12689:Brazilian Highlands
12098:Indian subcontinent
11959:Antarctic Peninsula
11757:Southern Hemisphere
11752:Northern Hemisphere
11601:indigenous currency
9880:Sāmoa 'ava ceremony
8617:Polynesian Outliers
8337:Polynesian Triangle
7970:Three Kings Islands
7575:Yorke and Mid North
7401:Southern Tablelands
7371:Northern Tablelands
6994:Polynesian outliers
6879:Polynesian triangle
6578:2008PNAS..10510308G
6572:(30): 10308–10313.
6519:2007PNAS..10410335S
6513:(25): 10335–10339.
6142:2020Natur.583..524W
6017:Davis, Wade (2010)
5990:2006JArSc..33.1536B
5858:. Rowman Altamira.
5770:2021PLoSO..1647643B
5089:2021Natur.597..477K
5019:2021Natur.597..522I
4959:1998PNAS...95.9047M
4729:1998PNAS...95.9047M
4632:2006Sci...311.1603H
4626:(5767): 1603–1606.
4538:2011PNAS..108.1815W
4491:2007JArSc..34.1219D
4379:1977Sci...196.1277F
4373:(4296): 1277–1285.
4227:(3). Archived from
4174:2021PNAS..11822112P
4099:10.1038/nature19844
4091:2016Natur.538..510S
4041:10.1038/nature19844
4033:2016Natur.538..510S
3943:2000CBio...10.1237K
3884:2000PNAS...97.8225S
3495:10.1130/GSATG321A.1
2936:and as far west as
2924:in the west to the
2816:is used instead of
2792:is used instead of
2662:) construction and
2534:indigenous American
2187:, 1643; drawing by
2050:Polynesian outliers
1993:colonial government
1588:Tuāmotu Archipelago
1406:comparison (Pugach
1177:Austronesian people
926:Polynesian Triangle
523:Polynesian language
444:Polynesian Triangle
389:in relation to the
324:Mokoliʻi Isle near
286:Polynesian Triangle
274:South Sea Islanders
233:traditional beliefs
83:Polynesian Triangle
13211:Regions of Oceania
13206:Islands of Oceania
12977:Great Barrier Reef
12598:Mainland Australia
12306:Apennine Peninsula
11767:Western Hemisphere
11742:Eastern Hemisphere
10196:Polynesian sailing
8198:Western New Guinea
8087:Santa Cruz Islands
7877:Manawatū-Whanganui
7411:Northern Territory
7396:Southern Highlands
7316:Central Tablelands
7288:Jervis Bay Village
7253:Mainland Australia
6488:The New York Times
5947:Kirch, P. (2000).
5485:The New York Times
4927:2015-07-13 at the
4413:– via JSTOR.
3278:Cook Islands Māori
3209:Polynesian Society
3102:stellar navigation
3066:Polynesian outlier
3022:
3012:with outrigger in
3002:
2881:
2656:
2567:
2546:Polynesian culture
2483:a household name.
2267:
2192:
2150:. You can help by
1997:land confiscations
1977:Treaty of Waitangi
1887:
1867:
1837:. You can help by
1716:
1669:
1630:
1454:radiocarbon dating
1396:
1325:
1173:
1159:
972:Polynesian outlier
757:External territory
533:(the others being
333:
318:
250:Charles de Brosses
229:cultural practices
95:
87:
75:
52:
13178:
13177:
13058:Mediterranean Rim
12931:
12930:
12870:Mediterranean Sea
12724:
12723:
12677:Amazon Rainforest
12504:Canadian Prairies
12469:Pacific Northwest
12330:Iberian Peninsula
12115:Arabian Peninsula
11942:Antarctic Plateau
11702:Three/Four Worlds
11624:
11623:
11589:
11588:
11581:Wallis and Futuna
11526:Clipperton Island
11484:Associated states
11081:Wallis and Futuna
10922:
10921:
10914:Wallis and Futuna
10859:Clipperton Island
10817:Associated states
10688:
10687:
10672:
10671:
10664:Wallis and Futuna
10609:Clipperton Island
10567:Associated states
10415:Pacific Community
10403:Pasifika Festival
10136:Aboriginal dugout
10075:Wallis and Futuna
9675:
9674:
9595:
9594:
9488:Wallis and Futuna
9473:Clipperton Island
9450:Coral Sea Islands
9386:Associated states
9370:
9369:
9306:Galápagos Islands
9124:
9123:
9020:Wallis and Futuna
8678:
8677:
8660:
8659:
8635:Galápagos Islands
8625:Clipperton Island
8611:
8610:
8556:Wallis and Futuna
8394:Marquesas Islands
8389:Mangareva Islands
8243:
8242:
8239:
8238:
8134:
8133:
8130:
8129:
8080:Gazelle Peninsula
8075:Admiralty Islands
8024:
8023:
8020:
8019:
8016:
8015:
7988:Antipodes Islands
7818:
7817:
7814:
7813:
7773:Coral Sea Islands
7710:Central Highlands
7696:
7695:
7628:Western Australia
7608:Greater Melbourne
7593:Barwon South West
7565:Southern Adelaide
7560:Northern Adelaide
7555:Murray and Mallee
7429:Central Australia
7391:South West Slopes
7361:North West Slopes
7293:Wreck Bay Village
7116:
7115:
6912:Marquesas Islands
6806:Media related to
6773:978-0-486-40613-8
6136:(7817): 524–525.
6030:Robert C. Suggs,
6007:on July 19, 2011.
5984:(11): 1536–1540.
5612:978-982-02-0058-6
5083:(7877): 477–478.
5013:(7877): 522–526.
4952:(15): 9047–9052.
4722:(15): 9047–9052.
4682:978-1-4391-5031-3
4331:Clark, Geoffrey;
4085:(7626): 510–513.
4027:(7626): 510–513.
3878:(15): 8225–8228.
2718:Oceanic languages
2496:Robert Carl Suggs
2261:Canoe carving on
2253:History of Tuvalu
2196:Tuʻi Tonga Empire
2168:
2167:
2131:Kingdom of Tahiti
1873:Polynesians with
1855:
1854:
1818:Kingdom of Hawaii
1739:Álvaro de Mendaña
1708:Otto von Kotzebue
1694:Political history
1556:mitochondrial DNA
1517:Marquesas Islands
952:Galápagos Islands
948:Clipperton Island
910:
909:
896:Wallis and Futuna
488:Wallis and Futuna
438:Geographical area
270:South Sea Islands
66:, Polynesia, and
13218:
13196:1750s neologisms
13160:
13159:
13139:Global Southwest
13134:Global Southeast
13124:Global Northwest
13119:Global Northeast
13109:Global Heartland
13053:Indian Ocean Rim
12735:
12734:
12627:Island Melanesia
12318:Balkan Peninsula
12093:Himalayan states
12040:Russian Far East
11834:
11833:
11762:Water Hemisphere
11651:
11644:
11637:
11628:
11627:
11571:Pitcairn Islands
11541:French Polynesia
11521:Christmas Island
11450:Papua New Guinea
11430:Marshall Islands
11403:Sovereign states
11389:
11382:
11375:
11366:
11365:
11283:Norfolk Islander
11228:Fijian (iTaukei)
11031:Papua New Guinea
10904:Pitcairn Islands
10874:French Polynesia
10854:Christmas Island
10783:Papua New Guinea
10763:Marshall Islands
10736:Sovereign states
10722:
10715:
10708:
10699:
10698:
10654:Pitcairn Islands
10624:French Polynesia
10604:Christmas Island
10533:Papua New Guinea
10513:Marshall Islands
10486:Sovereign states
10472:
10465:
10458:
10449:
10448:
10442:
10441:
10427:Papua New Guinea
10090:Marshall Islands
10040:Pitcairn Islands
10035:Papua New Guinea
9975:Lomilomi massage
9921:Caroline Islands
9794:Papua New Guinea
9702:
9695:
9688:
9679:
9678:
9524:Pitcairn Islands
9478:French Polynesia
9440:Christmas Island
9423:
9422:
9378:
9243:Papua New Guinea
9218:Marshall Islands
9193:
9192:
9188:Sovereign states
9151:
9144:
9137:
9128:
9127:
9112:with New Zealand
9110:free association
9098:free association
9058:French Polynesia
8946:Pitcairn Islands
8863:Marshall Islands
8804:Papua New Guinea
8705:
8698:
8691:
8682:
8681:
8574:
8573:
8480:Henderson Island
8470:Pitcairn Islands
8374:French Polynesia
8333:
8332:
8308:Marshall Islands
8257:Caroline Islands
8166:Highlands Region
8158:Papua New Guinea
8154:
8153:
8098:
8097:
8058:
8057:
8039:Island Melanesia
8035:
8034:
8003:Campbell Islands
7993:Auckland Islands
7976:
7975:
7965:Solander Islands
7960:Kermadec Islands
7947:Outlying Islands
7830:
7829:
7801:Christmas Island
7789:
7788:
7570:Western Adelaide
7530:Eastern Adelaide
7502:Wide Bay–Burnett
7424:Barkly Tableland
7258:
7257:
7249:
7248:
7240:
7239:
7143:
7136:
7129:
7120:
7119:
6949:Pitcairn Islands
6929:Hawaiian Islands
6897:French Polynesia
6864:
6857:
6850:
6841:
6840:
6805:
6791:
6777:
6758:
6747:
6736:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6706:
6691:
6682:
6676:
6675:
6657:
6633:
6627:
6616:
6610:
6609:
6599:
6589:
6557:
6551:
6550:
6540:
6530:
6498:
6492:
6491:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6454:
6448:
6447:
6429:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6403:
6397:
6391:
6385:
6379:
6373:
6366:
6360:
6359:
6344:
6338:
6337:
6319:
6295:
6289:
6288:
6287:. Pollex.org.nz.
6281:
6275:
6274:; quote at p 228
6273:
6252:
6246:
6243:
6237:
6217:
6208:
6207:
6205:
6203:
6181:
6175:
6174:
6153:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6076:
6070:
6069:
6041:
6035:
6028:
6022:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6000:. Archived from
5975:
5966:
5960:
5945:
5939:
5934:Robert C. Suggs
5932:
5926:
5925:
5905:
5896:
5889:
5883:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5849:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5791:
5781:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5715:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5681:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5644:
5635:
5634:
5626:
5617:
5616:
5598:
5589:
5588:
5568:
5559:
5558:
5550:
5541:
5540:
5522:
5513:
5512:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5437:
5431:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5293:. Lonely Planet.
5287:
5281:
5280:
5273:
5267:
5266:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5221:
5219:
5195:
5189:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5126:
5117:
5116:
5068:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5038:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4981:
4971:
4961:
4937:
4931:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4904:. Archived from
4883:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4856:
4846:
4822:
4816:
4815:
4805:
4795:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4751:
4741:
4731:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4643:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4559:
4549:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4485:(8): 1219–1225.
4470:
4464:
4463:
4445:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4341:
4333:Anderson, Atholl
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4311:
4304:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4250:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4195:
4185:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4110:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4052:
4012:
4003:
3997:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3954:
3922:
3916:
3915:
3905:
3895:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3848:. Archived from
3827:
3817:
3802:
3801:
3773:
3764:
3763:
3746:(306): 791–800.
3736:Anderson, Atholl
3732:
3726:
3723:Anderson, Atholl
3720:
3714:
3707:Anderson, Atholl
3704:
3698:
3697:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3668:
3661:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3543:
3535:Anderson, Atholl
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3474:
3468:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3384:
3364:
3361:Kermadec Islands
3357:
3351:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3331:
3235:
3193:
3188:
3187:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3165:
3163:Geography portal
3160:
3159:
3158:
3081:Arauco Peninsula
2774:Proto-Polynesian
2680:volcanic islands
2669:tropical cyclone
2461:Native Americans
2431:
2428:
2420:
2410:
2385:tropical cyclone
2380:Tuvaluan cuisine
2287:outrigger canoes
2241:Kingdom of Tonga
2189:Isaack Gilsemans
2163:
2160:
2142:
2135:
2002:protest movement
1989:New Zealand Wars
1875:outrigger canoes
1850:
1847:
1829:
1822:
1745:, who called it
1674:material culture
1451:
1448:
1430:and the rest of
1361:Australo-Papuans
1355:or the northern
1349:Island Melanesia
1239:Island Melanesia
1189:Island Melanesia
1121:Auckland Islands
1033:Papua New Guinea
962:has been found.
937:Kermadec Islands
933:Auckland Islands
894:
892:
891:
882:Sovereign state
876:
874:
873:
864:Sovereign state
858:
856:
855:
834:
832:
831:
822:Sovereign state
816:
814:
813:
793:
792:
776:Pitcairn Islands
774:
772:
771:
750:
748:
747:
726:
724:
723:
706:
704:
703:
686:
684:
683:
669:Overseas country
664:French Polynesia
662:
660:
659:
638:
636:
635:
614:
612:
611:
582:
580:
579:
558:
557:
507:Caroline Islands
499:Papua New Guinea
492:French Polynesia
395:Australian Plate
352:Hawaiian Islands
350:, including the
315:French Polynesia
278:Hawaiian Islands
266:southern Pacific
247:
199:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
169:
158:
154:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
107:
25:Polynesia (moth)
21:French Polynesia
13226:
13225:
13221:
13220:
13219:
13217:
13216:
13215:
13181:
13180:
13179:
13174:
13148:
13090:
13067:
13034:
12998:
12927:
12916:South China Sea
12825:
12768:Central America
12720:
12653:
12574:
12526:Northern Mexico
12514:Northern Canada
12499:Atlantic Canada
12454:Mountain states
12380:
12235:European Russia
12228:Southern Russia
12184:
12137:Iranian Plateau
11965:
11954:West Antarctica
11937:East Antarctica
11923:
11823:
11771:
11747:Land Hemisphere
11728:
11668:
11655:
11625:
11620:
11585:
11508:
11502:
11485:
11479:
11460:Solomon Islands
11398:
11393:
11357:
11187:
11166:
11085:
11051:Solomon Islands
10918:
10841:
10835:
10818:
10812:
10793:Solomon Islands
10731:
10726:
10684:
10668:
10591:
10585:
10568:
10562:
10543:Solomon Islands
10481:
10476:
10431:
10378:Aloha Festivals
10353:
10227:
10186:Paopao (Tuvalu)
10176:Māori migration
10124:
10096:Stick charts of
10050:Solomon Islands
9933:Chatham Islands
9895:
9889:
9838:
9718:
9711:
9706:
9676:
9671:
9609:Overseas France
9591:
9528:
9510:
9492:
9459:
9419:
9414:
9404:
9388:
9379:
9366:
9338:Southwest Papua
9272:
9253:Solomon Islands
9182:
9164:
9155:
9125:
9120:
9063:
8925:
8830:
8780:Solomon Islands
8760:
8725:
8715:
8709:
8679:
8674:
8656:
8607:
8578:Phoenix Islands
8572:
8519:Tokelau Islands
8475:Pitcairn Island
8404:Tuamotu Islands
8399:Society Islands
8384:Gambier Islands
8379:Austral Islands
8322:
8291:Mariana Islands
8284:Gilbert Islands
8235:
8226:Southwest Papua
8192:
8188:Southern Region
8152:
8126:
8122:Solomon Islands
8115:Bonis Peninsula
8096:
8056:
8012:
7974:
7955:Chatham Islands
7941:
7886:
7810:
7787:
7754:
7692:
7622:
7579:
7550:Limestone Coast
7512:South Australia
7506:
7448:
7405:
7366:Northern Rivers
7346:Mid North Coast
7303:New South Wales
7297:
7274:
7229:
7205:Pacific Islands
7156:
7147:
7117:
7112:
7091:
6988:
6917:Society Islands
6907:Gambier Islands
6902:Austral Islands
6873:
6868:
6784:
6774:
6725:
6723:Further reading
6720:
6719:
6710:
6708:
6704:
6689:
6683:
6679:
6634:
6630:
6617:
6613:
6558:
6554:
6499:
6495:
6480:
6476:
6469:
6455:
6451:
6444:
6430:
6426:
6416:
6414:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6392:
6388:
6380:
6376:
6367:
6363:
6345:
6341:
6296:
6292:
6283:
6282:
6278:
6270:
6254:Ian Breward in
6253:
6249:
6244:
6240:
6218:
6211:
6201:
6199:
6182:
6178:
6120:
6116:
6077:
6073:
6042:
6038:
6029:
6025:
6016:
6012:
6004:
5973:
5967:
5963:
5946:
5942:
5933:
5929:
5922:
5906:
5899:
5890:
5886:
5877:
5873:
5866:
5850:
5846:
5836:
5834:
5824:
5820:
5809:
5805:
5764:(4): e0247643.
5750:Ipomoea batatas
5744:
5740:
5731:
5729:
5716:
5712:
5703:
5701:
5682:
5675:
5666:
5664:
5645:
5638:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5599:
5592:
5569:
5562:
5551:
5544:
5537:
5523:
5516:
5505:
5501:
5491:
5489:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5438:
5434:
5415:
5411:
5401:
5399:
5389:
5385:
5375:
5373:
5364:
5363:
5359:
5336:
5332:
5323:
5321:
5302:
5298:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5235:
5231:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5196:
5192:
5181:
5177:
5154:
5150:
5127:
5120:
5069:
5062:
4999:
4995:
4938:
4934:
4929:Wayback Machine
4920:
4916:
4911:on Mar 3, 2022.
4908:
4881:
4874:
4870:
4823:
4819:
4769:
4765:
4708:
4704:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4683:
4669:
4665:
4612:
4608:
4577:
4573:
4518:
4514:
4471:
4467:
4422:
4418:
4359:
4355:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4329:
4325:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4302:
4296:
4292:
4285:
4271:
4267:
4251:
4244:
4234:
4232:
4213:
4209:
4154:
4150:
4140:
4138:
4137:on 30 July 2018
4129:
4128:
4124:
4070:
4066:
4013:
4006:
3994:
3980:
3976:
3937:(20): 1237–46.
3931:Current Biology
3923:
3919:
3864:
3860:
3855:on Mar 3, 2022.
3852:
3825:
3818:
3805:
3774:
3767:
3733:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3705:
3701:
3686:
3682:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3637:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3594:
3590:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3564:
3541:
3532:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3506:
3475:
3471:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3436:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3358:
3354:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3074:Solomon Islands
2964:
2958:
2926:Gilbert Islands
2890:
2842:
2772:, the original
2770:Society Islands
2714:
2708:
2632:Unlike western
2548:
2542:
2429:
2399:
2393:
2255:
2249:
2223:Tonga became a
2207:Tuʻi Kanokupolu
2200:Solomon Islands
2179:The arrival of
2173:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2148:needs expansion
2133:
2125:Main articles:
2123:
2026:oral literature
2018:
1926:Chatham Islands
1918:Chatham Islands
1898:
1892:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1835:needs expansion
1820:
1814:
1784:
1774:History of Fiji
1770:
1727:
1721:
1696:
1612:
1584:Austral Islands
1580:Society Islands
1552:Atholl Anderson
1513:Society Islands
1449:
1412:Mariana Islands
1404:genome-wide SNP
1369:Solomon Islands
1151:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1117:
1106:(a part of the
1084:
987:Solomon Islands
979:
974:
968:
918:Phoenix Islands
889:
887:
871:
869:
853:
851:
829:
827:
811:
809:
787:
769:
767:
745:
743:
721:
719:
713:Sovereign state
701:
699:
681:
679:
657:
655:
633:
631:
609:
607:
577:
575:
556:
554:Polynesian area
547:
503:Solomon Islands
440:
421:transform fault
303:
298:
197:
173:
164:
163:
156:
152:
111:
102:
101:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
13224:
13214:
13213:
13208:
13203:
13198:
13193:
13176:
13175:
13173:
13172:
13170:Physical Earth
13153:
13150:
13149:
13147:
13146:
13141:
13136:
13131:
13126:
13121:
13116:
13111:
13106:
13100:
13098:
13092:
13091:
13089:
13088:
13083:
13077:
13075:
13069:
13068:
13066:
13065:
13060:
13055:
13050:
13044:
13042:
13036:
13035:
13033:
13032:
13027:
13022:
13021:
13020:
13009:
13007:
13000:
12999:
12997:
12996:
12991:
12990:
12989:
12984:
12982:Mariana Trench
12979:
12969:
12964:
12962:Atlantic Ocean
12959:
12954:
12953:
12952:
12941:
12939:
12933:
12932:
12929:
12928:
12926:
12925:
12923:Southern Ocean
12920:
12919:
12918:
12913:
12911:East China Sea
12903:
12902:
12901:
12891:
12890:
12889:
12888:
12887:
12882:
12877:
12867:
12862:
12857:
12852:
12845:Atlantic Ocean
12842:
12836:
12834:
12827:
12826:
12824:
12823:
12822:
12821:
12816:
12806:
12805:
12804:
12799:
12789:
12784:
12779:
12778:
12777:
12772:
12771:
12770:
12765:
12750:
12744:
12742:
12732:
12726:
12725:
12722:
12721:
12719:
12718:
12717:
12716:
12706:
12701:
12696:
12691:
12686:
12681:
12680:
12679:
12674:
12663:
12661:
12655:
12654:
12652:
12651:
12649:Remote Oceania
12646:
12641:
12636:
12631:
12630:
12629:
12619:
12618:
12617:
12612:
12611:
12610:
12605:
12600:
12584:
12582:
12576:
12575:
12573:
12572:
12567:
12566:
12565:
12564:
12563:
12558:
12543:
12538:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12522:
12521:
12519:Western Canada
12516:
12511:
12509:Eastern Canada
12506:
12501:
12496:
12491:
12486:
12481:
12476:
12471:
12466:
12461:
12456:
12451:
12446:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12416:
12411:
12406:
12401:
12396:
12390:
12388:
12382:
12381:
12379:
12378:
12373:
12368:
12363:
12358:
12357:
12356:
12351:
12346:
12336:
12335:
12334:
12333:
12332:
12322:
12321:
12320:
12310:
12309:
12308:
12298:
12293:
12283:
12282:
12281:
12280:
12279:
12269:
12264:
12259:
12254:
12244:
12243:
12242:
12237:
12232:
12231:
12230:
12225:
12223:South Caucasus
12220:
12218:North Caucasus
12210:
12200:
12194:
12192:
12186:
12185:
12183:
12182:
12181:
12180:
12179:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12158:
12157:
12156:
12151:
12141:
12140:
12139:
12129:
12128:
12127:
12125:South Caucasus
12117:
12107:
12106:
12105:
12100:
12095:
12085:
12084:
12083:
12078:
12068:
12063:
12062:
12061:
12056:
12046:
12045:
12044:
12043:
12042:
12027:
12026:
12025:
12020:
12019:
12018:
12003:
12002:
12001:
11996:
11994:Aralkum Desert
11991:
11981:
11975:
11973:
11967:
11966:
11964:
11963:
11962:
11961:
11951:
11946:
11945:
11944:
11933:
11931:
11925:
11924:
11922:
11921:
11920:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11908:
11907:
11902:
11892:
11882:
11881:
11880:
11879:
11878:
11873:
11868:
11863:
11848:
11842:
11840:
11831:
11825:
11824:
11822:
11821:
11820:
11819:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11794:
11793:
11792:
11785:Africa-Eurasia
11781:
11779:
11773:
11772:
11770:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11754:
11749:
11744:
11738:
11736:
11730:
11729:
11727:
11726:
11725:
11724:
11719:
11714:
11709:
11699:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11678:
11676:
11670:
11669:
11654:
11653:
11646:
11639:
11631:
11622:
11621:
11594:
11591:
11590:
11587:
11586:
11584:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11561:Norfolk Island
11558:
11553:
11548:
11543:
11538:
11533:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11516:American Samoa
11512:
11510:
11504:
11503:
11501:
11500:
11495:
11489:
11487:
11486:of New Zealand
11481:
11480:
11478:
11477:
11472:
11467:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11422:
11417:
11412:
11406:
11404:
11400:
11399:
11392:
11391:
11384:
11377:
11369:
11363:
11359:
11358:
11356:
11355:
11350:
11345:
11340:
11335:
11330:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11290:
11285:
11280:
11275:
11270:
11265:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11222:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11195:
11193:
11189:
11188:
11186:
11185:
11180:
11174:
11172:
11168:
11167:
11165:
11164:
11159:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11119:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11093:
11091:
11087:
11086:
11084:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11012:
11011:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10976:
10971:
10966:
10961:
10956:
10951:
10946:
10941:
10936:
10930:
10928:
10924:
10923:
10920:
10919:
10917:
10916:
10911:
10906:
10901:
10896:
10894:Norfolk Island
10891:
10886:
10881:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10849:American Samoa
10845:
10843:
10837:
10836:
10834:
10833:
10828:
10822:
10820:
10819:of New Zealand
10814:
10813:
10811:
10810:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10765:
10760:
10755:
10750:
10745:
10739:
10737:
10733:
10732:
10725:
10724:
10717:
10710:
10702:
10696:
10690:
10689:
10686:
10685:
10680:
10678:
10674:
10673:
10670:
10669:
10667:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10644:Norfolk Island
10641:
10636:
10631:
10626:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10606:
10601:
10599:American Samoa
10595:
10593:
10587:
10586:
10584:
10583:
10578:
10572:
10570:
10569:of New Zealand
10564:
10563:
10561:
10560:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10489:
10487:
10483:
10482:
10475:
10474:
10467:
10460:
10452:
10446:
10439:
10433:
10432:
10430:
10429:
10424:
10423:
10422:
10412:
10411:
10410:
10405:
10397:
10392:
10391:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10372:
10371:
10370:
10368:Garma Festival
10361:
10359:
10355:
10354:
10352:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10235:
10233:
10229:
10228:
10226:
10225:
10220:
10219:
10218:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10141:Alingano Maisu
10138:
10132:
10130:
10126:
10125:
10123:
10122:
10121:
10120:
10113:
10101:
10100:
10099:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10062:
10057:
10052:
10047:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10025:Norfolk Island
10022:
10017:
10016:
10015:
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9979:
9978:
9966:
9965:
9964:
9957:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9918:
9913:
9912:
9911:
9899:
9897:
9891:
9890:
9888:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9846:
9844:
9840:
9839:
9837:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9780:
9779:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9752:kapa (Hawaiʻi)
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9728:
9726:
9720:
9719:
9716:
9713:
9712:
9705:
9704:
9697:
9690:
9682:
9673:
9672:
9670:
9669:
9668:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9647:
9646:
9645:
9635:
9634:
9633:
9623:
9622:
9621:
9616:
9606:
9600:
9597:
9596:
9593:
9592:
9590:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9567:Johnston Atoll
9564:
9559:
9557:Howland Island
9554:
9549:
9544:
9542:American Samoa
9538:
9536:
9530:
9529:
9527:
9526:
9520:
9518:
9516:United Kingdom
9512:
9511:
9509:
9508:
9502:
9500:
9494:
9493:
9491:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9475:
9469:
9467:
9461:
9460:
9458:
9457:
9455:Norfolk Island
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9431:
9429:
9420:
9409:
9406:
9405:
9403:
9402:
9397:
9391:
9389:
9384:
9381:
9380:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9367:
9365:
9364:
9363:
9362:
9357:
9347:
9346:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9323:Highland Papua
9320:
9310:
9309:
9308:
9298:
9297:
9296:
9291:
9280:
9278:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9210:
9205:
9199:
9197:
9190:
9184:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9175:
9169:
9166:
9165:
9154:
9153:
9146:
9139:
9131:
9122:
9121:
9119:
9118:
9113:
9106:
9101:
9094:
9088:
9085:
9072:
9068:
9065:
9064:
9062:
9061:
9048:
9045:American Samoa
9035:
9024:
9010:
8999:
8986:
8973:
8962:
8949:
8935:
8933:
8927:
8926:
8924:
8923:
8911:
8900:
8887:
8876:
8865:
8854:
8840:
8838:
8832:
8831:
8829:
8828:
8817:
8806:
8795:
8782:
8770:
8768:
8762:
8761:
8759:
8758:
8747:
8735:
8733:
8727:
8726:
8724:are in italics
8720:
8717:
8716:
8708:
8707:
8700:
8693:
8685:
8676:
8675:
8673:
8672:
8665:
8662:
8661:
8658:
8657:
8655:
8654:
8653:
8652:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8621:
8619:
8613:
8612:
8609:
8608:
8606:
8605:
8604:
8603:
8601:Howland Island
8598:
8588:
8582:
8580:
8571:
8570:
8569:
8568:
8563:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8542:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8516:
8515:
8514:
8509:
8507:American Samoa
8502:Samoan Islands
8499:
8494:
8493:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8467:
8462:
8461:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8425:
8423:Johnston Atoll
8420:
8419:
8418:
8408:
8407:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8371:
8370:
8369:
8364:
8354:
8353:
8352:
8341:
8339:
8330:
8324:
8323:
8321:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8304:
8303:
8298:
8288:
8287:
8286:
8281:
8271:
8270:
8269:
8264:
8253:
8251:
8245:
8244:
8241:
8240:
8237:
8236:
8234:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8211:Highland Papua
8208:
8202:
8200:
8194:
8193:
8191:
8190:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8181:Huon Peninsula
8178:
8168:
8162:
8160:
8151:
8150:
8144:
8142:
8136:
8135:
8132:
8131:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8124:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8106:
8104:
8095:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8083:
8082:
8077:
8066:
8064:
8055:
8054:
8049:
8043:
8041:
8032:
8026:
8025:
8022:
8021:
8018:
8017:
8014:
8013:
8011:
8010:
8008:Snares Islands
8005:
8000:
7998:Bounty Islands
7995:
7990:
7984:
7982:
7973:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7951:
7949:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7939:
7938:
7937:
7935:Stewart Island
7927:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7896:
7894:
7888:
7887:
7885:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7838:
7836:
7827:
7820:
7819:
7816:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7808:
7803:
7797:
7795:
7786:
7785:
7783:Norfolk Island
7780:
7775:
7770:
7764:
7762:
7756:
7755:
7753:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7706:
7704:
7698:
7697:
7694:
7693:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7659:
7658:
7648:
7646:Great Southern
7643:
7638:
7632:
7630:
7624:
7623:
7621:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7589:
7587:
7581:
7580:
7578:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7520:Adelaide Hills
7516:
7514:
7508:
7507:
7505:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7458:
7456:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7415:
7413:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7307:
7305:
7299:
7298:
7296:
7295:
7290:
7284:
7282:
7276:
7275:
7273:
7272:
7266:
7264:
7255:
7246:
7237:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7215:Remote Oceania
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7195:Islands Region
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7161:
7158:
7157:
7146:
7145:
7138:
7131:
7123:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7105:
7099:
7097:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7032:Kapingamarangi
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6998:
6996:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6964:Samoan Islands
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6944:Norfolk Island
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6894:
6889:
6883:
6881:
6875:
6874:
6867:
6866:
6859:
6852:
6844:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6826:
6817:
6811:
6799:
6783:
6782:External links
6780:
6779:
6778:
6772:
6759:
6748:
6737:
6724:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6677:
6628:
6618:Lewis, David.
6611:
6552:
6493:
6474:
6468:978-0313387487
6467:
6449:
6443:978-0313387487
6442:
6424:
6398:
6386:
6374:
6361:
6339:
6290:
6276:
6268:
6247:
6238:
6209:
6176:
6114:
6087:(3): 246–269.
6071:
6036:
6023:
6010:
5961:
5940:
5927:
5920:
5914:. Peter Lang.
5897:
5884:
5871:
5864:
5844:
5818:
5803:
5738:
5710:
5673:
5636:
5618:
5611:
5590:
5579:(4): 224–238.
5560:
5542:
5536:978-0500274507
5535:
5514:
5499:
5471:
5452:(3): 267–281.
5432:
5417:Keith Sinclair
5409:
5383:
5357:
5346:(1): 109–119.
5330:
5296:
5282:
5268:
5229:
5211:
5190:
5175:
5164:(4): 345–382.
5148:
5137:(4): 365–379.
5118:
5060:
4993:
4932:
4914:
4868:
4837:(4): 1011–38.
4817:
4772:Provine, W. B.
4763:
4702:
4688:
4681:
4675:. Free Press.
4663:
4606:
4587:(242): 34–50.
4571:
4532:(5): 1815–20.
4512:
4465:
4416:
4353:
4323:
4290:
4284:978-0500274507
4283:
4265:
4242:
4231:on 10 May 2011
4207:
4148:
4122:
4064:
4004:
3993:978-0520234611
3992:
3974:
3917:
3858:
3803:
3790:10.1086/379272
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3526:
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3223:
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3211:
3206:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3191:Oceania portal
3180:
3177:Islands portal
3166:
3150:
3147:
3070:Taumako Island
2985:of the ocean;
2975:oral tradition
2960:Main article:
2957:
2954:
2910:Northeast Asia
2906:Southeast Asia
2894:Imperial Japan
2889:
2886:
2841:
2838:
2710:Main article:
2707:
2704:
2654:house, ca 1840
2544:Main article:
2541:
2538:
2492:The Wayfinders
2457:Thor Heyerdahl
2392:
2389:
2251:Main article:
2248:
2245:
2229:British Empire
2172:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2145:
2143:
2127:Pōmare dynasty
2122:
2119:
2017:
2014:
1985:British Empire
1973:William Hobson
1958:merchant ships
1930:Moriori people
1894:Main article:
1891:
1888:
1853:
1852:
1832:
1830:
1816:Main article:
1813:
1810:
1769:
1766:
1720:
1717:
1695:
1692:
1652:matrilocality.
1626:Kealakekua Bay
1611:
1608:
1545:phenotypically
1537:founder effect
1535:experienced a
1450: 1000 BC
1264:
1263:
1251:
1247:
1149:Lapita culture
1137:Main article:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1113:
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1111:
1101:
1095:
1088:Kapingamarangi
1083:
1080:
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1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1026:
1016:
1002:
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993:Bellona Island
990:
978:
975:
970:Main article:
967:
964:
941:Norfolk Island
908:
907:
898:
884:
883:
880:
866:
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838:
824:
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783:
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764:
763:
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752:Norfolk Island
740:
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710:
696:
695:
690:
676:
675:
666:
652:
651:
642:
628:
627:
618:
604:
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589:Unincorporated
586:
584:American Samoa
572:
571:
568:
555:
552:
546:
543:
525:. Some of the
439:
436:
368:Norfolk Island
309:Cook's Bay on
302:
299:
297:
294:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13223:
13212:
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13186:
13171:
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13115:
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13093:
13087:
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13076:
13074:
13070:
13064:
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13028:
13026:
13023:
13019:
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13006:
13001:
12995:
12992:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12978:
12975:
12974:
12973:
12972:Pacific Ocean
12970:
12968:
12965:
12963:
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12958:
12955:
12951:
12948:
12947:
12946:
12943:
12942:
12940:
12938:
12934:
12924:
12921:
12917:
12914:
12912:
12909:
12908:
12907:
12906:Pacific Ocean
12904:
12900:
12897:
12896:
12895:
12892:
12886:
12883:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12872:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12861:
12860:Caribbean Sea
12858:
12856:
12853:
12851:
12848:
12847:
12846:
12843:
12841:
12838:
12837:
12835:
12833:
12828:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12811:
12810:
12807:
12803:
12802:by population
12800:
12798:
12795:
12794:
12793:
12790:
12788:
12785:
12783:
12780:
12776:
12775:South America
12773:
12769:
12766:
12764:
12761:
12760:
12759:
12758:North America
12756:
12755:
12754:
12751:
12749:
12746:
12745:
12743:
12741:
12736:
12733:
12731:
12727:
12715:
12712:
12711:
12710:
12709:Southern Cone
12707:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12697:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12684:Andean States
12682:
12678:
12675:
12673:
12670:
12669:
12668:
12665:
12664:
12662:
12660:
12659:South America
12656:
12650:
12647:
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12410:
12407:
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12395:
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12391:
12389:
12387:
12386:North America
12383:
12377:
12374:
12372:
12369:
12367:
12364:
12362:
12359:
12355:
12352:
12350:
12349:Low Countries
12347:
12345:
12342:
12341:
12340:
12337:
12331:
12328:
12327:
12326:
12325:South-western
12323:
12319:
12316:
12315:
12314:
12313:South-eastern
12311:
12307:
12304:
12303:
12302:
12301:South-central
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12291:Mediterranean
12289:
12288:
12287:
12284:
12278:
12275:
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12268:
12265:
12263:
12260:
12258:
12257:British Isles
12255:
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12233:
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12187:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12164:
12163:
12162:
12159:
12155:
12154:Levantine Sea
12152:
12150:
12147:
12146:
12145:
12142:
12138:
12135:
12134:
12133:
12130:
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12067:
12064:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12051:
12050:
12047:
12041:
12038:
12037:
12036:
12033:
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12031:
12028:
12024:
12021:
12017:
12014:
12013:
12012:
12009:
12008:
12007:
12004:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11986:
11985:
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11980:
11977:
11976:
11974:
11972:
11968:
11960:
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11950:
11947:
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11940:
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11926:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11897:
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11893:
11891:
11888:
11887:
11886:
11883:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11862:
11859:
11858:
11857:
11854:
11853:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11846:Mediterranean
11844:
11843:
11841:
11839:
11835:
11832:
11830:
11826:
11818:
11815:
11814:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11791:
11788:
11787:
11786:
11783:
11782:
11780:
11778:
11774:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
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11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
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11731:
11723:
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11708:
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11704:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11679:
11677:
11675:
11671:
11667:
11663:
11659:
11652:
11647:
11645:
11640:
11638:
11633:
11632:
11629:
11618:
11614:
11610:
11606:
11602:
11598:
11592:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11556:New Caledonia
11554:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11536:Easter Island
11534:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11513:
11511:
11505:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11491:
11490:
11488:
11482:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11416:
11413:
11411:
11408:
11407:
11405:
11401:
11397:
11390:
11385:
11383:
11378:
11376:
11371:
11370:
11367:
11364:
11360:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11284:
11281:
11279:
11276:
11274:
11271:
11269:
11266:
11264:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11196:
11194:
11190:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11175:
11173:
11169:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11094:
11092:
11088:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11059:
11057:
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11010:
11007:
11006:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10999:New Caledonia
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10954:Easter Island
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10940:
10937:
10935:
10932:
10931:
10929:
10925:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10900:
10897:
10895:
10892:
10890:
10889:New Caledonia
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10875:
10872:
10870:
10869:Easter Island
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10846:
10844:
10838:
10832:
10829:
10827:
10824:
10823:
10821:
10815:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10766:
10764:
10761:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
10740:
10738:
10734:
10730:
10723:
10718:
10716:
10711:
10709:
10704:
10703:
10700:
10697:
10695:
10691:
10683:
10679:
10675:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10640:
10639:New Caledonia
10637:
10635:
10632:
10630:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10619:Easter Island
10617:
10615:
10612:
10610:
10607:
10605:
10602:
10600:
10597:
10596:
10594:
10588:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10573:
10571:
10565:
10559:
10556:
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10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
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10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10490:
10488:
10484:
10480:
10473:
10468:
10466:
10461:
10459:
10454:
10453:
10450:
10447:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10434:
10428:
10425:
10421:
10418:
10417:
10416:
10413:
10409:
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10404:
10401:
10400:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10375:
10373:
10369:
10366:
10365:
10363:
10362:
10360:
10356:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
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10290:
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10285:
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10280:
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10270:
10267:
10265:
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10260:
10257:
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10245:
10242:
10240:
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10236:
10234:
10230:
10224:
10221:
10217:
10214:
10213:
10212:
10209:
10207:
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10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10156:Dugout (boat)
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10134:
10133:
10131:
10127:
10119:
10118:
10114:
10112:
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10107:
10106:
10105:
10102:
10098:
10097:
10093:
10092:
10091:
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10063:
10061:
10058:
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10041:
10038:
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10033:
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10028:
10026:
10023:
10021:
10018:
10014:
10011:
10010:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10003:New Caledonia
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9977:
9976:
9972:
9971:
9970:
9967:
9963:
9962:
9958:
9956:
9955:
9951:
9950:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9943:Easter Island
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9928:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9909:
9906:
9905:
9904:
9901:
9900:
9898:
9894:Geo-specific,
9892:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9843:Broad culture
9841:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9778:
9775:
9774:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9729:
9727:
9725:
9721:
9714:
9710:
9703:
9698:
9696:
9691:
9689:
9684:
9683:
9680:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9652:
9651:
9648:
9644:
9641:
9640:
9639:
9636:
9632:
9629:
9628:
9627:
9624:
9620:
9617:
9615:
9612:
9611:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9601:
9598:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9562:Jarvis Island
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9539:
9537:
9535:
9534:United States
9531:
9525:
9522:
9521:
9519:
9517:
9513:
9507:
9504:
9503:
9501:
9499:
9495:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9483:New Caledonia
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9470:
9468:
9466:
9462:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9432:
9430:
9428:
9424:
9421:
9418:
9412:
9407:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9361:
9360:Palmyra Atoll
9358:
9356:
9353:
9352:
9351:
9350:United States
9348:
9344:
9341:
9339:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9321:
9319:
9318:Central Papua
9316:
9315:
9314:
9311:
9307:
9304:
9303:
9302:
9299:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9289:Easter Island
9287:
9286:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9279:
9275:
9269:
9266:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9209:
9206:
9204:
9201:
9200:
9198:
9194:
9191:
9189:
9185:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9171:
9170:
9167:
9163:
9159:
9152:
9147:
9145:
9140:
9138:
9133:
9132:
9129:
9117:
9114:
9111:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9099:
9095:
9092:
9089:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9076:
9073:
9070:
9069:
9066:
9060:
9059:
9054:
9053:
9049:
9047:
9046:
9041:
9040:
9036:
9034:
9030:
9029:
9025:
9022:
9021:
9016:
9015:
9011:
9009:
9005:
9004:
9000:
8998:
8997:
8992:
8991:
8987:
8985:
8984:
8979:
8978:
8974:
8972:
8968:
8967:
8963:
8961:
8960:
8955:
8954:
8950:
8948:
8947:
8942:
8941:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8932:
8928:
8921:
8917:
8916:
8912:
8910:
8906:
8905:
8901:
8899:
8898:
8893:
8892:
8888:
8886:
8882:
8881:
8877:
8875:
8871:
8870:
8866:
8864:
8860:
8859:
8855:
8853:
8852:
8847:
8846:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8837:
8833:
8827:
8823:
8822:
8818:
8816:
8812:
8811:
8807:
8805:
8801:
8800:
8796:
8794:
8793:
8792:New Caledonia
8788:
8787:
8783:
8781:
8777:
8776:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8767:
8763:
8757:
8753:
8752:
8748:
8746:
8742:
8741:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8732:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8706:
8701:
8699:
8694:
8692:
8687:
8686:
8683:
8671:
8667:
8666:
8663:
8651:
8648:
8647:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8620:
8618:
8614:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8594:
8593:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8586:Canton Island
8584:
8583:
8581:
8579:
8575:
8567:
8566:Wallis Island
8564:
8562:
8561:Hoorn Islands
8559:
8558:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8540:
8539:Swains Island
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8521:
8520:
8517:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8504:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8472:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8448:Palmyra Atoll
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8433:Jarvis Island
8431:
8430:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8417:
8414:
8413:
8412:
8409:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8376:
8375:
8372:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8360:
8359:
8358:
8355:
8351:
8348:
8347:
8346:
8345:Easter Island
8343:
8342:
8340:
8338:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8325:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8293:
8292:
8289:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8276:
8275:
8272:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8259:
8258:
8255:
8254:
8252:
8250:
8246:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8206:Central Papua
8204:
8203:
8201:
8199:
8195:
8189:
8186:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8173:
8172:
8171:Momase Region
8169:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8159:
8155:
8149:
8146:
8145:
8143:
8141:
8137:
8123:
8120:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8111:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8099:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8072:
8071:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8063:
8059:
8053:
8052:New Caledonia
8050:
8048:
8045:
8044:
8042:
8040:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8027:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7981:
7977:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7944:
7936:
7933:
7932:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7893:
7889:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7857:Bay of Plenty
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7835:
7831:
7828:
7825:
7821:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7798:
7796:
7794:
7790:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7765:
7763:
7761:
7757:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7703:
7699:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7657:
7654:
7653:
7652:
7651:Greater Perth
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7631:
7629:
7625:
7619:
7618:Loddon Mallee
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7586:
7582:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7517:
7515:
7513:
7509:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7472:Darling Downs
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7455:
7451:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7412:
7408:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7311:Central Coast
7309:
7308:
7306:
7304:
7300:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7285:
7283:
7281:
7277:
7271:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7232:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7210:Pacific Plate
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7159:
7155:
7151:
7144:
7139:
7137:
7132:
7130:
7125:
7124:
7121:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7100:
7098:
7094:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6959:Salas y Gómez
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6892:Easter Island
6890:
6888:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6880:
6876:
6872:
6865:
6860:
6858:
6853:
6851:
6846:
6845:
6842:
6836:
6833:
6830:
6827:
6824:
6823:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6804:
6800:
6798:at Wiktionary
6797:
6796:
6790:
6786:
6785:
6775:
6769:
6765:
6760:
6756:
6755:
6749:
6745:
6744:
6738:
6734:
6733:
6727:
6726:
6707:on 2011-06-04
6703:
6699:
6695:
6688:
6681:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6621:
6615:
6607:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6563:
6556:
6548:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6497:
6489:
6485:
6478:
6470:
6464:
6460:
6453:
6445:
6439:
6435:
6428:
6412:
6408:
6402:
6395:
6390:
6383:
6378:
6371:
6365:
6358:
6353:
6349:
6348:Tolland, John
6343:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6294:
6286:
6280:
6271:
6269:9781405182485
6265:
6261:
6260:
6251:
6242:
6236:
6235:0-520-05898-4
6232:
6228:
6224:
6223:
6216:
6214:
6197:
6193:
6192:
6187:
6180:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6130:
6125:
6118:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6075:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6027:
6020:
6014:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5983:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5944:
5937:
5931:
5923:
5921:9781906165314
5917:
5913:
5912:
5904:
5902:
5894:
5888:
5881:
5875:
5867:
5865:9780759120068
5861:
5857:
5856:
5848:
5833:
5829:
5822:
5814:
5807:
5799:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5751:
5742:
5728:on 2018-12-15
5727:
5723:
5722:
5714:
5700:on 2018-02-10
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5680:
5678:
5663:on 2008-10-15
5662:
5658:
5654:
5650:
5643:
5641:
5632:
5625:
5623:
5614:
5608:
5604:
5597:
5595:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5567:
5565:
5556:
5549:
5547:
5538:
5532:
5528:
5521:
5519:
5510:
5503:
5488:. 5 June 1970
5487:
5486:
5481:
5475:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5436:
5430:
5429:0-14-029875-4
5426:
5422:
5418:
5413:
5398:
5394:
5387:
5371:
5367:
5361:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5334:
5320:on 2020-03-10
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5300:
5292:
5286:
5278:
5272:
5264:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5214:
5212:9780819188984
5208:
5204:
5203:
5197:For example:
5194:
5187:
5186:
5179:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5152:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5125:
5123:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5067:
5065:
5055:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
4997:
4989:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4936:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4918:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4880:
4872:
4864:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4813:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4786:(3): 1041–6.
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4767:
4759:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4706:
4698:
4692:
4684:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4610:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4575:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4469:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4357:
4338:
4334:
4327:
4312:on 2022-06-09
4308:
4301:
4294:
4286:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4262:(2): 128–144.
4261:
4257:
4249:
4247:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4203:
4199:
4194:
4189:
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4179:
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4018:
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3989:
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3948:
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3909:
3904:
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3894:
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3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3772:
3770:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3724:
3719:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3695:
3691:
3684:
3669:on 4 May 2022
3665:
3658:
3651:
3635:
3634:
3626:
3611:
3609:9780918373298
3605:
3601:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3574:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3540:
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3500:
3496:
3492:
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3466:
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3445:
3441:
3434:
3419:
3415:
3408:
3392:
3391:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3362:
3356:
3348:
3338:) "many" and
3336:
3327:
3326:Ancient Greek
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3181:
3178:
3172:
3167:
3164:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3124:
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3114:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3077:
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3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3006:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2934:Easter Island
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2898:Hachirō Arita
2895:
2885:
2879:in late 2011.
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:postage stamp
2856:
2852:
2848:
2847:Easter Island
2837:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
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2723:
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2713:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2564:Musée d'Orsay
2561:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:pre-Columbian
2524:
2523:intermingling
2519:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2450:bottle gourds
2447:
2443:
2439:
2438:Pre-Columbian
2434:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2361:Isla de Jesús
2358:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2328:; whereas on
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2265:atoll, Tuvalu
2264:
2259:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2146:This section
2144:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2106:German Empire
2103:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1962:British Crown
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1884:
1880:
1879:Waikiki Beach
1876:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1849:
1840:
1836:
1833:This section
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1759:Gente Hermosa
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1713:
1710:. Drawing by
1709:
1705:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1616:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1600:Easter Island
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1564:Austronesians
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:genotypically
1538:
1532:
1530:
1529:Easter Island
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
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1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1317:Austronesians
1313:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:of northwest
1273:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:places their
1182:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
984:
981:
980:
973:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
942:
938:
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
906:
902:
899:
897:
886:
885:
881:
879:
868:
867:
863:
861:
850:
849:
846:
842:
839:
837:
826:
825:
821:
819:
808:
807:
804:
801:
798:
796:
791:
786:
785:
782:
779:
777:
766:
765:
762:
758:
755:
753:
742:
741:
738:
734:
731:
729:
718:
717:
714:
711:
709:
698:
697:
694:
691:
689:
678:
677:
674:
670:
667:
665:
654:
653:
650:
646:
643:
641:
640:Easter Island
630:
629:
626:
622:
619:
617:
606:
605:
602:
598:
597:United States
594:
590:
587:
585:
574:
573:
569:
567:
563:
560:
559:
551:
545:Island groups
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:Easter Island
457:
453:
449:
445:
435:
431:
428:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
387:Pacific Plate
383:
381:
377:
376:New Caledonia
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
337:Pacific Ocean
331:
327:
322:
316:
312:
307:
293:
291:
287:
283:
282:North Pacific
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:Pacific Ocean
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:
191:
167:
161:
160:
147:
105:
99:
91:
84:
79:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
49:
45:
42:, along with
41:
36:
30:
26:
22:
13201:Asia-Pacific
13168: /
13166:List of seas
13164: /
13129:Global South
13114:Global North
13048:Atlantic Rim
12987:Ring of Fire
12967:Indian Ocean
12957:Arctic Ocean
12899:Persian Gulf
12894:Indian Ocean
12875:Adriatic Sea
12840:Arctic Ocean
12672:Amazon Basin
12667:Amazon Plain
12643:
12639:Near Oceania
12444:Mid-Atlantic
12394:Aridoamerica
12354:Northwestern
12267:Northwestern
12240:Southeastern
12132:Greater Iran
12071:Southeastern
12066:Pacific Asia
12035:Pacific Asia
12023:Northeastern
11979:Asia–Pacific
11722:Fourth World
11712:Second World
11507:Dependencies
11493:Cook Islands
11204:Austronesian
10949:Cook Islands
10840:Dependencies
10826:Cook Islands
10590:Dependencies
10576:Cook Islands
10399:New Zealand
10254:fire dancing
10115:
10108:
10094:
9973:
9959:
9952:
9938:Cook Islands
9924:
9885:Wood carving
9860:Kava culture
9747:Cook Islands
9660:Insular area
9577:Midway Atoll
9572:Kingman Reef
9547:Baker Island
9411:Dependencies
9395:Cook Islands
9091:Insular area
9082:collectivity
9079:
9056:
9050:
9043:
9037:
9026:
9018:
9012:
9001:
8994:
8988:
8983:Cook Islands
8981:
8975:
8964:
8957:
8951:
8944:
8938:
8930:
8913:
8904:South Tarawa
8902:
8895:
8889:
8878:
8867:
8856:
8849:
8843:
8819:
8808:
8799:Port Moresby
8797:
8790:
8784:
8773:
8749:
8738:
8669:
8650:Midway Atoll
8596:Baker Island
8485:Ducie Island
8438:Kingman Reef
8428:Line Islands
8357:Cook Islands
8327:
8110:Bougainville
7892:South Island
7834:North Island
7535:Eyre Western
7482:Gulf Country
7462:Central West
7321:Central West
7220:Ring of Fire
7200:Near Oceania
7190:Indo-Pacific
7165:Asia–Pacific
7017:Duff Islands
6887:Cook Islands
6870:
6821:
6794:
6763:
6753:
6742:
6731:
6709:. Retrieved
6702:the original
6697:
6693:
6680:
6648:(2): 78–82.
6645:
6641:
6631:
6623:
6614:
6569:
6565:
6555:
6510:
6506:
6496:
6487:
6477:
6458:
6452:
6433:
6427:
6415:. Retrieved
6410:
6401:
6389:
6377:
6369:
6364:
6357:undiminished
6355:
6351:
6342:
6307:
6303:
6293:
6279:
6258:
6250:
6241:
6220:
6200:. Retrieved
6189:
6179:
6171:
6133:
6127:
6117:
6084:
6080:
6074:
6052:(1): 25–49.
6049:
6045:
6039:
6031:
6026:
6018:
6013:
6002:the original
5981:
5977:
5964:
5948:
5943:
5935:
5930:
5910:
5892:
5887:
5879:
5874:
5854:
5847:
5835:. Retrieved
5831:
5821:
5812:
5806:
5761:
5755:
5749:
5741:
5730:. Retrieved
5726:the original
5720:
5713:
5702:. Retrieved
5698:the original
5693:
5689:
5665:. Retrieved
5661:the original
5656:
5652:
5630:
5602:
5576:
5572:
5554:
5526:
5508:
5502:
5490:. Retrieved
5483:
5474:
5449:
5445:
5435:
5420:
5412:
5400:. Retrieved
5396:
5386:
5374:. Retrieved
5369:
5360:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5322:. Retrieved
5318:the original
5313:
5309:
5299:
5285:
5271:
5246:
5242:
5232:
5223:
5216:. Retrieved
5201:
5193:
5184:
5178:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5134:
5130:
5080:
5076:
5010:
5006:
4996:
4949:
4945:
4935:
4917:
4906:the original
4885:
4871:
4834:
4830:
4820:
4783:
4779:
4766:
4719:
4715:
4705:
4691:
4672:
4666:
4623:
4619:
4609:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4529:
4525:
4515:
4482:
4478:
4468:
4433:
4429:
4419:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4344:. Retrieved
4326:
4314:. Retrieved
4307:the original
4293:
4274:
4268:
4259:
4255:
4233:. Retrieved
4229:the original
4224:
4220:
4210:
4165:
4161:
4151:
4139:. Retrieved
4135:the original
4125:
4082:
4078:
4067:
4024:
4020:
3999:
3983:
3977:
3934:
3930:
3920:
3875:
3871:
3861:
3850:the original
3829:
3784:(S5): S121.
3781:
3777:
3743:
3739:
3730:
3718:
3710:
3702:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3671:. Retrieved
3664:the original
3650:
3638:. Retrieved
3632:
3625:
3613:. Retrieved
3598:
3591:
3583:the original
3573:
3549:
3545:
3529:
3517:. Retrieved
3507:
3486:
3482:
3472:
3464:
3459:
3447:. Retrieved
3443:
3433:
3421:. Retrieved
3417:
3407:
3395:. Retrieved
3389:
3355:
3233:
3143:stick charts
3140:
3136:
3115:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3078:
3023:
3009:
2969:
2965:
2946:
2942:World War II
2891:
2882:
2843:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2762:glottal stop
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2722:Austronesian
2715:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2685:
2677:
2657:
2631:
2603:Cook Islands
2596:
2568:
2560:Paul Gauguin
2555:
2554:Painting of
2520:
2516:Austronesian
2499:
2491:
2490:in his book
2485:
2480:
2477:Scandinavian
2470:
2454:
2435:
2403:sweet potato
2400:
2377:
2373:La Solitaria
2372:
2360:
2350:
2338:
2311:
2273:islands and
2268:
2222:
2211:
2204:
2193:
2156:
2152:adding to it
2147:
2094:
2088:and the egg
2019:
1966:
1956:and prevent
1899:
1896:Māori people
1843:
1839:adding to it
1834:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1792:Enele Ma'afu
1785:
1763:
1758:
1747:San Bernardo
1746:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1719:Cook Islands
1712:Louis Choris
1704:Kamehameha I
1685:
1678:
1670:
1663:drawn after
1631:
1619:
1576:Cook Islands
1572:
1560:Y chromosome
1550:
1533:
1509:Cook Islands
1505:
1485:
1462:
1436:
1407:
1397:
1377:
1329:Efate Island
1326:
1306:sweet potato
1291:
1265:
1255:
1250:Polynesians.
1225:and eastern
1214:
1212:
1201:
1174:
1001:(in Vanuatu)
945:
930:
914:Line Islands
911:
616:Cook Islands
548:
496:
472:Cook Islands
441:
432:
429:
425:Alpine Fault
418:
399:
384:
348:archipelagos
345:
334:
269:
241:
97:
96:
58:Subregions (
29:Signy Island
13144:Global West
13104:Global East
13063:Pacific Rim
13005:waterbodies
12994:World Ocean
12819:New Zealand
12699:The Guianas
12588:Australasia
12531:West Indies
12459:New England
12439:Great Lakes
12409:Mesoamerica
12296:Middle East
12272:Scandinavia
12161:Middle East
11999:Caspian Sea
11905:Great Lakes
11885:Sub-Saharan
11871:Middle East
11734:Hemispheres
11717:Third World
11707:First World
11660:'s primary
11440:New Zealand
11273:Micronesian
11263:Marshallese
11132:Micronesian
11004:New Zealand
10944:Austronesia
10773:New Zealand
10677:by category
10523:New Zealand
10408:Te Matatini
10259:firewalking
10008:New Zealand
9954:Lau Islands
9916:Austronesia
9784:nguzu nguzu
9772:New Zealand
9742:Austronesia
9587:Wake Island
9498:New Zealand
9417:territories
9333:South Papua
9233:New Zealand
9080:sui generis
8756:New Zealand
8731:Australasia
8490:Oeno Island
8318:Wake Island
8221:South Papua
8148:Aru Islands
7910:Marlborough
7867:Hawke's Bay
7824:New Zealand
7419:Arnhem Land
7386:South Coast
7356:New England
7235:Australasia
7103:Lau Islands
7057:Ontong Java
6934:New Zealand
5249:(1): 6–38.
4436:(1): 9–26.
4346:4 September
4316:4 September
3350:) "island".
3219:Polynesians
3131:frigatebird
3111:Mau Piailug
3098:David Lewis
2918:imperialism
2673:food energy
2627:New Zealand
2530:Zenú people
2181:Abel Tasman
2034:confederacy
2032:network or
1946:James Busby
1936:(known as "
1928:became the
1902:New Zealand
1890:New Zealand
1883:Oahu Island
1788:Lau Islands
1634:matrilineal
1525:New Zealand
1460:at 900 BC.
1424:Philippines
1398:A complete
1392:archaeology
1357:Philippines
1284:paddy field
1231:Bird's Head
1223:Philippines
1187:origins in
1185:prehistoric
1104:Wake Island
1045:Ontong Java
1013:Lau Islands
1007:(excluding
845:New Zealand
737:New Zealand
708:New Zealand
625:New Zealand
527:Lau Islands
456:New Zealand
448:Polynesians
419:There is a
364:New Zealand
341:New Zealand
256:. In 1831,
239:at night.
221:Polynesians
68:Australasia
13185:Categories
12885:Ionian Sea
12880:Aegean Sea
12850:Baltic Sea
12782:Antarctica
12634:Micronesia
12603:New Guinea
12561:Portuguese
12484:West Coast
12434:East Coast
12429:Bible Belt
12424:Appalachia
12103:Subregions
12011:Inner Asia
11929:Antarctica
11829:Continents
11802:Antarctica
11777:Landmasses
11687:Down Under
11682:Arab World
11666:subregions
11293:Polynesian
11268:Melanesian
11209:Sama-Bajau
11142:Polynesian
11122:Melanesian
11107:Mangarevan
10984:Micronesia
10694:Literature
10364:Australia
10110:navigation
9343:West Papua
9223:Micronesia
9028:Nukuʻalofa
9023:(de facto)
8922:(de facto)
8836:Micronesia
8751:Wellington
8714:of Oceania
8443:Kiritimati
8249:Micronesia
8231:West Papua
8140:New Guinea
7920:Canterbury
7915:West Coast
7882:Wellington
7750:West Coast
7740:South West
7730:North West
7725:North East
7715:East Coast
7683:South West
7497:South West
7492:South East
7454:Queensland
7108:Madagascar
6711:2008-05-17
6411:Samoa News
5732:2020-09-25
5704:2020-09-25
5667:2011-10-28
5370:NZ History
5324:2021-10-06
4235:1 November
4141:11 January
3615:1 February
3371:References
3106:Ben Finney
3026:wayfinding
2971:Navigators
2956:Navigation
2742:consonants
2664:navigation
2660:catamarans
2592:Micronesia
2488:Wade Davis
2473:expedition
2433:of names.
2430: 700
2348:defeated.
2341:Tuʻi Tonga
2307:Micronesia
2214:Tāufaʻāhau
2159:March 2022
2030:Polynesian
2022:Tui Manuʻa
1969:Royal Navy
1948:) as the "
1904:via their
1863:James Cook
1846:March 2021
1772:See also:
1723:See also:
1681:theocratic
1665:James Cook
1638:matrilocal
1432:New Guinea
1365:New Guinea
1345:New Guinea
1337:Nuku'alofa
1302:breadfruit
1260:haplotypes
1244:linguistic
1235:New Guinea
1179:. Tracing
1143:See also:
1082:Micronesia
954:, and the
803:dependency
693:U.S. state
539:Micronesia
406:subduction
64:Micronesia
48:Micronesia
13191:Polynesia
13081:Antarctic
12865:Irish Sea
12855:Black Sea
12814:Australia
12763:Caribbean
12740:continent
12714:Patagonia
12644:Polynesia
12622:Melanesia
12615:Zealandia
12593:Australia
12479:Southwest
12399:Caribbean
12176:Near East
11817:submerged
11812:Zealandia
11807:Australia
11697:Old World
11692:New World
11410:Australia
11333:Tokelauan
11162:Vanuatuan
11090:Mythology
11046:Slit drum
11036:Polynesia
10979:Melanesia
10939:Australia
10743:Australia
10493:Australia
10437:Languages
10358:Festivals
10284:kapa haka
10181:Outrigger
9903:Australia
9875:Polynesia
9850:areca nut
9737:Australia
9427:Australia
9313:Indonesia
9203:Australia
9084:of France
9039:Pago Pago
8940:Adamstown
8931:Polynesia
8869:Ngerulmud
8810:Port Vila
8766:Melanesia
8745:Australia
8453:Tabuaeran
8328:Polynesia
8176:Huon Gulf
8030:Melanesia
7930:Southland
7842:Northland
7688:Wheatbelt
7663:Kimberley
7603:Grampians
7598:Gippsland
7540:Far North
7477:Far North
7439:Katherine
7341:Illawarra
7244:Australia
7225:Zealandia
6871:Polynesia
6808:Polynesia
6795:polynesia
6664:1631-0691
6334:141987142
6326:0191-5096
6229:. p.176.
6168:220436442
6109:164373747
5492:6 October
5458:0032-4000
5376:20 August
5279:. www.ck.
5255:0032-4000
5113:237606683
5054:237608692
4601:164203366
4581:Antiquity
4507:0305-4403
4452:0002-7294
3798:224791767
3760:162770473
3740:Antiquity
3489:: 27–35.
3483:GSA Today
3449:1 October
3423:1 October
3322:Polinesia
3314:Polynésie
3306:Polenihia
3302:Tokelauan
3298:Polenisia
3290:Pōrīnetia
3282:Porinetia
3274:Polenisia
3266:Polinisia
3258:Polenekia
3250:Poronihia
3242:Polinisia
3030:outrigger
3000:, c. 1781
2824:replaces
2768:. In the
2706:Languages
2638:Fa'amatai
2634:Melanesia
2615:Marquesas
2588:Melanesia
2405:, called
2369:Niulakita
2365:Holy Name
2303:Melanesia
2185:Tongatapu
2046:chiefdoms
2008:. In the
1967:In 1840,
1964:in 1836.
1755:Rakahanga
1661:war canoe
1641:Stone Age
1628:, c. 1816
1604:Mangareva
1592:Marquesas
1492:Melanesia
1452:based on
1439:Mulifanua
1428:Indonesia
1296:yams and
1293:Dioscorea
1288:cultigens
1276:Melanesia
1227:Indonesia
977:Melanesia
761:Australia
566:Territory
535:Melanesia
416:islands.
380:Zealandia
296:Geography
245:Polynésie
242:The term
205:subregion
98:Polynesia
60:Melanesia
44:Melanesia
12608:Tasmania
12556:Hispanic
12419:Northern
12366:Germanic
12344:Atlantic
12286:Southern
12247:Northern
12213:Caucasus
12149:Dead Sea
12120:Caucasus
12088:Southern
12081:Maritime
12076:Mainland
12049:Northern
12030:Far East
11989:Aral Sea
11912:Southern
11856:Northern
11609:folklore
11425:Kiribati
11362:Religion
11348:Visayans
11323:Tahitian
11303:Rapa Nui
11233:Hawaiian
11214:Chamorro
11171:Research
11157:Tuvaluan
11147:Rapa Nui
11127:Menehune
10969:Kiribati
10758:Kiribati
10508:Kiribati
10374:Hawaiʻi
10349:'upa'upa
10289:Kiribati
10239:ʻAparima
10161:Hōkūleʻa
9983:Kiribati
9834:tivaevae
9814:taʻovala
9762:magimagi
9213:Kiribati
9014:Mata Utu
9003:Funafuti
8909:Kiribati
8740:Canberra
8712:Capitals
8534:Nukunonu
8274:Kiribati
7872:Taranaki
7862:Gisborne
7847:Auckland
7745:Southern
7735:Northern
7720:Midlands
7702:Tasmania
7668:Mid West
7636:Gascoyne
7585:Victoria
7381:Riverina
7326:Far West
7270:Canberra
7077:Sikaiana
7047:Nukumanu
6922:Tuamotus
6672:26857090
6606:18663216
6547:17556540
6372:p.62-65.
6196:Archived
6160:32641787
6066:57559261
5953:Berkeley
5798:33852587
5757:PLOS One
5466:20705873
5263:20704347
5218:20 March
5170:20707458
5143:20706828
5105:34552247
5045:34552258
4925:Archived
4902:16923821
4831:Genetics
4812:15280221
4780:Genetics
4774:(2004).
4658:41685107
4650:16527931
4566:21187404
4403:17831736
4202:33443177
4117:27698418
4059:27698418
3961:11069104
3912:10899994
3846:16923821
3640:28 March
3562:Archived
3499:Archived
3294:Tuvaluan
3286:Tahitian
3254:Hawaiian
3149:See also
3046:Ra'iatea
3016:island,
2786:*sawaiki
2623:Rapa Nui
2611:Tuamotus
2540:Cultures
2504:Atlantis
2500:Kon-Tiki
2481:Kon-Tiki
2471:Kon-Tiki
2446:coconuts
2442:chickens
2318:Funafuti
2291:Tuvaluan
2098:tafaʻifa
2086:nautilus
2078:obsidian
2052:such as
1971:officer
1743:Pukapuka
1714:in 1816.
1596:Raivavae
1394:in Samoa
1367:and the
1237:, on to
1170:Rapa Nui
1090:(in the
1063:Sikaiana
1039:Nukumanu
1011:and the
966:Outliers
922:Kiribati
916:and the
410:Kermadec
360:hotspots
196:-
12809:Oceania
12797:by area
12753:America
12730:Islands
12580:Oceania
12449:Midwest
12404:Central
12371:Romance
12339:Western
12208:Balkans
12203:Eastern
12198:Central
12166:Mashriq
12110:Western
12054:Siberia
12006:Eastern
11984:Central
11917:Western
11890:Central
11866:Mashriq
11861:Maghreb
11851:Saharan
11797:America
11790:Eurasia
11662:regions
11613:cuisine
11576:Tokelau
11475:Vanuatu
11318:Tagalog
11308:Rotuman
11278:Negrito
11248:Ivatans
11238:Ilocano
11223:Rekohu)
11076:Vanuatu
11061:Tokelau
10909:Tokelau
10808:Vanuatu
10659:Tokelau
10558:Vanuatu
10445:by area
10334:tautoga
10269:hivinau
10171:Karakoa
10070:Vanuatu
9896:general
9804:tā moko
9799:reimiro
9789:Oceania
9506:Tokelau
9301:Ecuador
9277:In part
9268:Vanuatu
9162:Oceania
9052:Papeete
8996:Tokelau
8990:Fakaofo
8880:Palikir
8845:Hagåtña
8815:Vanuatu
8775:Honiara
8529:Fakaofo
8458:Teraina
8092:Vanuatu
7852:Waikato
7678:Pilbara
7467:Central
7444:Top End
7154:Oceania
7150:Regions
7087:Tikopia
7072:Rennell
7052:Nukuoro
7042:Nuguria
7012:Bellona
6969:Tokelau
6597:2492461
6574:Bibcode
6538:1965514
6515:Bibcode
6417:30 July
6202:11 July
6191:Science
6138:Bibcode
5986:Bibcode
5959:, 2000.
5837:21 June
5789:8046222
5766:Bibcode
5085:Bibcode
5036:9710236
5015:Bibcode
4988:9671802
4954:Bibcode
4863:6777243
4854:1214177
4803:1470966
4758:9671802
4724:Bibcode
4628:Bibcode
4620:Science
4557:3033267
4534:Bibcode
4487:Bibcode
4411:2836072
4395:1744728
4375:Bibcode
4367:Science
4193:7817125
4170:Bibcode
4108:5515717
4087:Bibcode
4050:5515717
4029:Bibcode
4002:(2006).
3939:Bibcode
3880:Bibcode
3673:7 March
3519:24 June
3397:2 March
3324:. From
3318:Spanish
3127:flyways
3072:in the
3014:Savaiʻi
2987:weather
2983:horizon
2914:Oceania
2861:sales.
2840:Economy
2834:Savaiʻi
2798:Hawaiki
2734:Spanish
2730:Italian
2648:Carving
2423:Quechua
2330:Nanumea
2322:Vaitupu
2263:Nanumea
2062:Tokelau
1983:of the
1796:Tui Lau
1610:Culture
1568:Papuans
1416:Vanuatu
1333:Vanuatu
1128:History
1098:Nukuoro
1075:Tikopia
1057:Rennell
1029:Nuguria
1023:Vanuatu
836:Tokelau
595:of the
562:Country
531:Oceania
511:Vanuatu
480:Tokelau
404:. This
301:Geology
213:islands
209:Oceania
203:) is a
72:Oceania
13096:Global
13086:Arctic
13025:Rivers
13003:Other
12937:Oceans
12792:Europe
12748:Africa
12541:French
12414:Middle
12376:Slavic
12361:Celtic
12262:Nordic
12252:Baltic
12190:Europe
12144:Levant
11838:Africa
11674:Worlds
11615:, see
11597:cinema
11551:Hawaii
11470:Tuvalu
11338:Tongan
11288:Papuan
11243:Igorot
11192:People
11152:Samoan
11102:Fijian
11071:Tuvalu
11056:Tahiti
10884:Hawaii
10803:Tuvalu
10634:Hawaii
10553:Tuvalu
10344:Tuvalu
10329:tāmūrē
10324:Tahiti
10314:Rotuma
10304:pa'o'a
10299:'ote'a
10279:kailao
10146:Bangka
10129:Canoes
10065:Tuvalu
9865:Lapita
9824:tattoo
9465:France
9415:other
9355:Hawaii
9263:Tuvalu
9196:Entire
9008:Tuvalu
8977:Avarua
8891:Saipan
8858:Majuro
8786:Nouméa
8551:Tuvalu
8497:Rotuma
8411:Hawaii
8279:Banaba
7905:Nelson
7900:Tasman
7434:Darwin
7351:Monaro
7336:Hunter
7067:Pileni
7027:Futuna
6979:Tuvalu
6954:Rotuma
6770:
6670:
6662:
6604:
6594:
6545:
6535:
6465:
6440:
6332:
6324:
6266:
6233:
6166:
6158:
6129:Nature
6107:
6099:
6064:
5918:
5862:
5832:Nature
5796:
5786:
5609:
5533:
5464:
5456:
5427:
5402:7 June
5261:
5253:
5209:
5168:
5141:
5111:
5103:
5077:Nature
5051:
5043:
5033:
5007:Nature
4986:
4976:
4900:
4861:
4851:
4810:
4800:
4756:
4746:
4679:
4656:
4648:
4599:
4564:
4554:
4505:
4460:677659
4458:
4450:
4409:
4401:
4393:
4281:
4200:
4190:
4115:
4105:
4079:Nature
4057:
4047:
4021:Nature
4000:et al.
3990:
3969:744958
3967:
3959:
3910:
3900:
3844:
3796:
3758:
3696:: 6–8.
3606:
3310:French
3270:Samoan
3262:Fijian
3238:Tongan
3119:atolls
3042:Tupaia
3024:These
3020:, 2009
2930:Hawaii
2851:Tuvalu
2766:ʻokina
2738:German
2736:, and
2726:vowels
2619:Hawaii
2613:, the
2609:, the
2607:Tahiti
2601:, the
2580:Tuvalu
2512:racism
2448:, and
2408:kūmara
2345:Niutao
2314:Niutao
2279:Tuvalu
2275:atolls
2247:Tuvalu
2121:Tahiti
2082:basalt
2066:Tuvalu
2064:, and
2058:Futuna
1981:colony
1954:French
1938:Pākehā
1906:canoes
1812:Hawaii
1780:, and
1659:Māori
1527:, and
1521:Hawaii
1481:Tovata
1475:, and
1408:et al.
1373:Teouma
1353:Taiwan
1321:Taiwan
1280:Taiwan
1268:Lapita
1256:et al.
1233:") of
1215:et al.
1197:Taiwan
1147:, and
1051:Pileni
1009:Rotuma
950:, the
939:, and
935:, the
905:France
893:
878:Tuvalu
875:
857:
833:
815:
800:Fijian
795:Rotuma
773:
749:
725:
705:
688:Hawaii
685:
673:France
661:
637:
613:
581:
570:Notes
515:Rotuma
509:, and
505:, the
501:, the
490:, and
476:Tuvalu
470:, the
458:, and
452:Hawaii
414:Tongan
370:, and
330:Hawaii
311:Moorea
290:vertex
276:. The
231:, and
159:-zee-ə
13073:Polar
13018:lists
13013:Lakes
12832:ocean
12551:Ibero
12546:Latin
12536:Anglo
11658:Earth
11605:dress
11465:Tonga
11455:Samoa
11445:Palau
11435:Nauru
11258:Māori
11253:Lumad
11117:Māori
11112:Maohi
11066:Tonga
11041:Sāmoa
11026:Palau
11009:Māori
10994:Nauru
10927:Music
10798:Tonga
10788:Samoa
10778:Palau
10768:Nauru
10548:Tonga
10538:Samoa
10528:Palau
10518:Nauru
10339:Tonga
10232:Dance
10223:Walap
10206:Vinta
10191:Paraw
10055:Tonga
10045:Sāmoa
10030:Palau
10013:Māori
9998:Nauru
9870:Māori
9829:tēfui
9819:tapa
9809:tabua
9777:Māori
9328:Papua
9284:Chile
9258:Tonga
9248:Samoa
9238:Palau
9228:Nauru
9033:Tonga
8971:Samoa
8953:Alofi
8920:Nauru
8915:Yaren
8874:Palau
8546:Tonga
8524:Atafu
8313:Nauru
8267:Palau
8216:Papua
7925:Otago
7487:North
7376:Orana
7082:Takuu
7062:Ouvéa
7007:Anuta
7002:Aniwa
6974:Tonga
6705:(PDF)
6690:(PDF)
6330:S2CID
6310:(4).
6164:S2CID
6105:S2CID
6097:JSTOR
6062:S2CID
6005:(PDF)
5974:(PDF)
5462:JSTOR
5259:JSTOR
5166:JSTOR
5139:JSTOR
5109:S2CID
5049:S2CID
4979:21200
4909:(PDF)
4882:(PDF)
4749:21200
4654:S2CID
4597:S2CID
4456:JSTOR
4407:S2CID
4391:JSTOR
4340:(PDF)
4310:(PDF)
4303:(PDF)
4168:(1).
3965:S2CID
3903:26928
3853:(PDF)
3826:(PDF)
3794:S2CID
3756:S2CID
3667:(PDF)
3660:(PDF)
3565:(PDF)
3542:(PDF)
3347:nêsos
3341:νῆσος
3335:polýs
3330:πολύς
3246:Māori
3225:Notes
3123:birds
3054:Tonga
3050:Samoa
3037:guild
3033:canoe
3018:Samoa
2998:canoe
2979:stars
2938:India
2780:and *
2652:Māori
2576:Samoa
2572:Tonga
2466:balsa
2418:kumar
2413:Māori
2334:Tonga
2326:Samoa
2295:Tonga
2171:Tonga
2090:cowry
2074:tabua
2070:ivory
2042:Tonga
2016:Samoa
1922:Māori
1914:South
1910:North
1702:King
1649:Samoa
1645:Tonga
1621:heiau
1500:Samoa
1496:Tonga
1477:Samoa
1473:Tonga
1458:Tonga
1443:Upolu
1420:Tonga
1400:mtDNA
1363:' of
1341:Tonga
1290:like
1069:Takuu
983:Anuta
860:Tonga
818:Samoa
735:with
649:Chile
623:with
468:Tonga
464:Samoa
372:Ouvéa
356:Samoa
13030:Seas
12787:Asia
12059:Ural
11971:Asia
11900:Horn
11895:East
11664:and
11611:and
11546:Guam
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