1645:
2023:
4887:
328:
4880:
1267:
1158:
1322:
130:
6297:
1030:
457:) very similar to amniotes. If lepospondyls are both close relatives of amniotes and the ancestors of modern amphibians, then that means that crown-Tetrapoda (descendants of the common ancestor to all living tetrapods) is a much more restricted group than previously assumed. In this situation, various traditional orders of Tetrapoda such as Embolomeri and Temnospondyli actually would qualify as stem-tetrapods due to having evolved prior to the split between modern amphibians and amniotes.
1963:
1903:
1803:
1745:
1677:
1507:
1436:
998:
3682:
2060:
1879:
1617:
1567:
1369:
1212:
1057:
4866:
3700:
1891:
1467:
6319:
4894:
3694:
1279:
1170:
5051:
4873:
3689:
6309:
1088:
1915:
1827:
1757:
1689:
1519:
1010:
4859:
2072:
1224:
1931:
6314:
1342:
6325:
1381:
1847:
1069:
6304:
1975:
1815:
1448:
1629:
1579:
1116:
1535:
1991:
106:
460:
However, most authors consider temnospondyls to be the ancestors of modern amphibians. This would suggest that embolomeres are likely reptiliomorphs (closer to reptiles) and within the clade
Tetrapoda. However, even this classification is not stable, as some analyses have found embolomeres to be more
442:). Reptiliomorphs are all tetrapods more closely related to living reptiles and synapsids (mammals and their ancestors), rather than living amphibians. Despite this, reptiliomorphs likely had amphibian-like biological traits, such as water-based reproduction.
295:, which are formed by two cylindrical segments, the pleurocentrum at the rear and intercentrum at the front. These segments are equal in size. Most other tetrapods have pleurocentra and intercentra which are drastically different in size and shape.
361:", by the presence of intercentra and pleurocentra of the same size and shape, that being large cylinders. At the time, embolomere fossils were uncommon, so Cope could only identify "cricotids" such as
438:, is an embolomere. However, other authors use the term "Anthracosauria" in reference to a broader group which includes embolomeres in combination with various other reptile-like amphibians (
2346:
Klembara, Jozef; Clack, Jennifer A.; Čerňanský, Andrej (2010-09-16). "The anatomy of palate of
Chroniosaurus dongusensis (Chroniosuchia, Chroniosuchidae) from the Upper Permian of Russia".
2426:"Redescription and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mandible of an Enigmatic Pennsylvanian (Late Carboniferous) Tetrapod from Nova Scotia, and the Lability of Meckelian Jaw Ossification"
1644:
2381:
Carroll, Robert L. (2012-10-18). "The
Importance of Recognizing Our Limited Knowledge of the Fossil Record in the Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships among Early Tetrapods".
1235:
Responsible for the identification of
Embolomeri as a unique order of tetrapods, although its history is convoluted and its taxonomic validity is questionable
2999:
2276:"The importance of global parsimony and historical bias in understanding tetrapod evolution. Part I. Systematics, middle ear evolution and jaw suspension"
3591:
6179:
3346:
3124:
6002:
3412:
3339:
3325:
3009:
2530:
6137:
5939:
3560:
3398:
3029:
2939:
2889:
291:) Period. They were specialized semiaquatic predators with long bodies for eel-like undulatory swimming. Embolomeres are characterized by their
6172:
6165:
6066:
5910:
3949:
3611:
3258:
3173:
3131:
5623:
3519:
3332:
3181:
3145:
3059:
1530:
One of the oldest and most basal members of the group (if it even counts as part of it), without vertebrae that were not fully embolomerous
6095:
5924:
3019:
2859:
5616:
6486:
6030:
5566:
3287:
2959:
3234:
3089:
2662:
2307:"The youngest occurrence of embolomeres (Tetrapoda: Anthracosauria) from the Sunjiagou Formation (Lopingian, Permian) of North China"
2200:"The youngest occurrence of embolomeres (Tetrapoda: Anthracosauria) from the Sunjiagou Formation (Lopingian, Permian) of North China"
6476:
5087:
449:
as closer to amniotes than embolomeres were. Lepospondyls are a particularly unusual group of tetrapods, with some members (i.e.
2690:
5115:
5023:
308:
stage of the
Carboniferous. They declined in diversity during the Permian period, though at least one representative (
2169:
1926:
An early member of the group possessing robust limbs but lacking certain adaptations of later members of the group
6491:
4879:
376:
4886:
5013:
2655:
6481:
5080:
298:
Embolomeres were among the earliest large carnivorous tetrapods, with members such as the crocodilian-like
398:
2569:
6318:
371:" is dubious, as it has been used by Cope to refer to embolomere fossils spanning anywhere between mid-
129:
6296:
1313:
770:
357:) evolution. Embolomeri was differentiated from several other newly named amphibian orders, such as "
4865:
3688:
5185:
5054:
4893:
2648:
647:
4872:
3693:
5073:
4858:
4828:
2088:
2052:
1950:
1866:
1790:
1732:
1728:
1664:
1609:
1554:
1490:
1486:
1423:
1361:
1309:
1254:
1204:
1145:
985:
671:
606:
500:
372:
288:
287:) Period and were the largest and most successful predatory tetrapods of the Late Carboniferous (
115:
6448:
6383:
6313:
6308:
5008:
4792:
3699:
2760:
425:
as close relatives as well, though they are generally agreed to lie outside
Embolomeri proper.
1459:
One of the largest and most well-known of the eogyrinids, although sometimes synonymized with
6443:
6324:
6471:
6430:
6421:
6303:
5675:
2849:
2437:
2129:
2047:
2005:
1945:
1861:
1785:
1723:
1659:
1604:
1549:
1481:
1418:
1356:
1304:
1290:
A lightly built member of the group with characteristics of both archeriids and eogyrinids
1249:
1199:
1140:
1102:
1044:
980:
630:
235:
3681:
8:
6261:
5028:
4208:
1954:
1794:
1668:
1558:
1427:
1258:
989:
548:
346:
231:
2528:
2441:
2133:
6225:
6051:
4950:
4424:
4076:
3512:
3272:
2626:
2561:
2468:
2425:
2406:
2256:
579:
124:
2291:
6103:
5828:
5809:
4956:
4535:
4195:
3926:
3389:
3358:
3212:
2618:
2610:
2553:
2473:
2455:
2398:
2363:
2359:
2328:
2221:
2147:
1704:
from 1926 to 1970, until it was determined that this name was occupied by a genus of
1038:
450:
337:
310:
284:
28:
2565:
2410:
2260:
327:
6341:
6081:
6059:
5788:
5588:
4962:
4219:
2602:
2545:
2508:
2463:
2445:
2390:
2355:
2318:
2287:
2248:
2239:
Cope, E.D. (January 1884). "The
Batrachia of the Permian Period of North America".
2211:
2137:
2640:
2630:
2306:
2199:
415:, which is almost always considered a close ally of the group. Some authors place
6037:
5946:
5838:
5549:
5473:
5360:
5316:
5170:
4972:
4940:
4664:
4556:
4393:
4168:
4143:
4116:
3942:
3544:
3533:
3526:
3374:
3280:
3265:
3249:
2822:
2809:
2772:
2671:
2450:
1243:
793:
747:
260:
200:
187:
1080:
A common, late-surviving member of the group, sometimes considered a species of
6356:
6351:
6151:
6121:
6023:
5932:
5887:
5711:
5573:
5559:
5510:
5441:
5404:
5245:
5223:
5197:
5096:
5065:
5018:
4992:
4987:
4945:
4935:
4810:
4781:
4705:
4673:
4650:
4629:
4608:
4572:
4549:
4528:
4501:
4460:
4386:
4379:
4257:
4177:
3497:
3447:
3226:
2969:
2909:
2041:
1968:
1908:
1855:
1808:
1750:
1682:
1653:
1512:
1441:
1327:
1298:
1134:
1022:
1003:
974:
837:
439:
434:
300:
272:
2549:
432:
is sometimes considered synonymous with
Embolomeri, and the group's namesake,
6465:
6406:
6130:
6088:
5975:
5953:
5901:
5880:
5852:
5802:
5637:
5517:
5489:
5482:
5448:
5379:
5327:
5305:
5145:
4775:
4751:
4744:
4687:
4680:
4622:
4594:
4363:
4352:
4339:
4325:
4311:
4228:
4184:
4046:
4006:
3831:
3770:
3581:
3454:
3405:
3196:
2745:
2720:
2614:
2459:
2402:
2367:
2332:
2225:
2151:
2065:
2014:
1896:
1884:
1779:
1640:
One of the largest
Carboniferous limbed vertebrates known from North America
1622:
1572:
1543:
1374:
1334:
1217:
1107:
1062:
1049:
1029:
516:
422:
417:
394:
341:) in A-C, showing the large, cylindrical intercentra (I) and pleurocentra (P)
316:
280:
174:
63:
32:
2394:
6361:
6346:
6158:
6074:
6044:
5995:
5781:
5753:
5681:
5462:
5427:
5338:
5262:
5136:
4982:
4977:
4926:
4921:
4798:
4715:
4643:
4601:
4372:
4318:
4157:
4066:
3996:
3935:
3811:
3790:
3780:
3760:
3717:
3632:
3505:
3317:
3302:
3103:
3073:
2979:
2899:
2711:
2622:
2557:
2477:
2323:
2216:
2142:
2113:
2010:
1999:
1870:
1598:
1401:
815:
446:
213:
1466:
6415:
6144:
6110:
6016:
6009:
5961:
5917:
5873:
5859:
5744:
5725:
5663:
5531:
5496:
5434:
5420:
4615:
4439:
4295:
4281:
4235:
4026:
3986:
3482:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3295:
3219:
3205:
3159:
3152:
3117:
3082:
2929:
2869:
2729:
1716:
1284:
1175:
454:
38:
2606:
2497:, and a reconsideration of amniote origins and stegocephalian evolution"
2424:
Sookias, Roland B.; Böhmer, Christine; Clack, Jennifer A. (2014-10-07).
1025:, possessed a small number of large fangs compared to other embolomeres
6366:
6243:
5767:
5651:
5602:
5455:
5295:
4737:
4586:
4579:
4471:
4096:
4016:
3902:
3872:
3841:
3821:
3801:
3601:
3490:
3475:
3419:
3166:
2989:
2919:
2839:
1986:
Poorly known despite being among the first embolomeres to be described
1498:
1475:
1350:
1181:
The largest named tetrapod preserved inside lycopod tree stumps in the
1149:
411:
268:
83:
48:
1087:
6207:
5988:
5866:
5774:
5630:
5609:
5595:
5580:
5524:
5503:
5413:
5393:
5284:
5273:
4967:
4730:
4722:
4636:
4412:
4304:
4266:
4150:
4130:
4106:
4086:
3892:
3861:
3851:
3723:
3638:
3621:
3571:
3468:
3309:
3049:
2879:
1939:
1412:
688:
479:
465:
358:
354:
350:
276:
141:
88:
6377:
2512:
1930:
1341:
305:
6400:
5845:
5795:
5733:
5644:
5154:
5127:
4766:
4564:
4487:
4480:
4452:
4274:
3967:
3882:
3741:
3138:
3096:
3039:
2702:
2492:
2275:
2252:
2077:
1920:
1846:
1832:
1762:
1736:
1694:
1524:
1229:
1193:
1015:
363:
292:
264:
161:
78:
73:
58:
53:
43:
2593:
Clack, J. A. (July 2002). "An early tetrapod from 'Romer's Gap'".
445:
Many studies conducted since the 1990s have also placed the group
319:. Embolomeres went extinct shortly before the end of the Permian.
6267:
6194:
5760:
5698:
4834:
4542:
4494:
4056:
4036:
3461:
2949:
2529:
Marcello Ruta, Michael I. Coates and Donald L. J. Quicke (2003).
2170:"The Appendicular Skeleton of the Permian Embolomerous Amphibian
1980:
1820:
1453:
1182:
1126:
Supposedly the latest surviving eogyrinid, but very poorly known
1096:
852:
93:
68:
6435:
1534:
6231:
5121:
3912:
3110:
2696:
1990:
1705:
1494:
1386:
1272:
1163:
1121:
151:
2280:
Annales des
Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale
105:
2028:
1400:" until it was determined that the name was preoccupied by a
1074:
380:
6271:
1634:
1584:
331:
Vertebrae from several different tetrapods, with those of "
3716:
2345:
1842:
which would take priority if the two were synonymized
409:
and all of its descendants." This definition excludes
367:
as possessing embolomerous vertebrae. The genus name "
5972:
5898:
5824:
5708:
5546:
5376:
5356:
5345:
5334:
5323:
5312:
5301:
5291:
5280:
5269:
5258:
4698:
4661:
4516:
4436:
4408:
4336:
4292:
4254:
4127:
4112:
4102:
4092:
4082:
4072:
4062:
4052:
4042:
4032:
4022:
4012:
4002:
3992:
3982:
3923:
3908:
3898:
3888:
3878:
3868:
3857:
3847:
3837:
3827:
3817:
3807:
3797:
3786:
3776:
3766:
3756:
3617:
3607:
3597:
3587:
3577:
3567:
3556:
3386:
3370:
3246:
3193:
3070:
3055:
3045:
3035:
3025:
3015:
3005:
2995:
2985:
2975:
2965:
2955:
2945:
2935:
2925:
2915:
2905:
2895:
2885:
2875:
2865:
2855:
2845:
2835:
1590:
Known from a skull found at the Linton Diamond Mine
1332:
A small member of the group sometimes confused with
2670:
2423:
453:) very similar to lissamphibians and others (i.e.
2490:
6463:
5095:
1768:Known from a femur, may have been a relative of
5169:
2820:
383:. Most paleontologists now refer the red bed "
5243:
5081:
2656:
2181:Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology
2744:
942:
397:(1998) formally defined Embolomeri as "the
5088:
5074:
2663:
2649:
2168:Romer, Alfred Sherwood (11 January 1957).
104:
2467:
2449:
2322:
2215:
2141:
2531:"Early tetrapod relationships revisited"
2524:
2522:
345:The order Embolomeri was first named by
326:
2380:
2304:
2197:
2111:
6464:
2273:
6382:
6381:
5114:
5069:
4909:
3715:
2807:
2689:
2644:
2592:
2519:
2305:Chen, Jianye; Liu, Jun (2020-12-01).
2198:Chen, Jianye; Liu, Jun (2020-12-01).
2167:
375:deposits of Illinois and the Permian
2484:
2238:
2163:
2161:
2118:Watson (Amphibia: Labyrinthodontia)"
2808:
2112:Panchen, A. L. (10 February 1972).
13:
4910:
2501:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
2087:known from vertebrae found at the
14:
6503:
6487:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
2383:Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences
2232:
2158:
689:Pholiderpeton (Eogyrinus) attheyi
322:
119:from the Lower Permian of Texas.
6323:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6295:
5050:
5049:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
3698:
3692:
3687:
3680:
2491:Laurin, M.; Reisz, R.R. (1999).
2360:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00999.x
2070:
2058:
2021:
1989:
1973:
1961:
1929:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1877:
1845:
1825:
1813:
1801:
1755:
1743:
1687:
1675:
1643:
1627:
1615:
1577:
1565:
1533:
1517:
1505:
1465:
1446:
1434:
1379:
1367:
1340:
1320:
1277:
1265:
1222:
1210:
1168:
1156:
1114:
1086:
1067:
1055:
1028:
1008:
996:
349:in 1884 during his revision of "
271:-tetrapods, possibly members of
128:
36:
6477:Mississippian first appearances
2586:
2417:
2374:
2339:
2298:
2267:
2191:
2105:
2033:The youngest known embolomere
1:
5014:Polydactyly in stem-tetrapods
2292:10.1016/S0003-4339(98)80132-9
2098:
5224:Reptiliomorpha / Pan-Amniota
2451:10.1371/journal.pone.0109717
2122:Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B
7:
2114:"The skull and skeleton of
10:
6508:
945:
461:basal than temnospondyls.
16:Extinct order of tetrapods
6390:
6336:
6292:
6242:
6206:
6193:
6120:
5983:
5971:
5897:
5823:
5743:
5720:
5707:
5696:
5661:
5545:
5472:
5403:
5388:
5375:
5371:
5254:
5239:
5220:
5196:
5178:
5165:
5110:
5045:
5001:
4920:
4916:
4905:
4855:
4809:
4774:
4761:
4697:
4660:
4515:
4470:
4447:
4435:
4407:
4362:
4347:
4335:
4291:
4253:
4218:
4203:
4194:
4167:
4138:
4126:
3978:
3963:
3922:
3752:
3740:
3736:
3711:
3677:
3631:
3552:
3543:
3385:
3366:
3357:
3245:
3192:
3069:
2831:
2816:
2803:
2771:
2753:
2740:
2685:
2550:10.1017/S1464793102006103
2495:Solenodonsaurus janenschi
938:
850:
835:
828:
813:
806:
791:
784:
771:Solenodonsaurus janenschi
767:
760:
745:
738:
685:
668:
661:
644:
627:
620:
603:
596:
576:
569:
562:
545:
538:
514:
497:
490:
483:
428:The poorly-defined group
387:" specimens to the genus
247:
242:
125:Scientific classification
123:
112:
103:
23:
1838:An eogyrinid similar to
648:Pholiderpeton scutigerum
2395:10.3158/2158-5520-5.1.5
2274:Laurin, Michel (1998).
2241:The American Naturalist
2089:Mazon Creek fossil beds
1392:A possible relative of
672:Anthracosaurus russelli
607:Proterogyrinus scheelei
501:Eucritta melanolimnetes
5009:Evolution of tetrapods
2324:10.5194/fr-23-205-2020
2217:10.5194/fr-23-205-2020
2143:10.1098/rstb.1972.0002
1700:An eogyrinid known as
342:
6492:Tetrapodomorph orders
6444:Paleobiology Database
330:
2083:A close relative of
1396:, originally named "
631:Archeria crassidisca
399:last common ancestor
275:. Embolomeres first
6482:Permian extinctions
5029:Zachelmie trackways
4209:Pseudophlegethontia
2607:10.1038/nature00824
2442:2014PLoSO...9j9717S
2134:1972RSPTB.263..279P
549:Caerorhachis bairdi
347:Edward Drinker Cope
6052:Opisthodontosaurus
5680:possibly includes
4951:Megalichthyiformes
3513:Platycephalichthys
2538:Biological Reviews
948:
580:Eoherpeton watsoni
343:
315:was common in the
6459:
6458:
6384:Taxon identifiers
6375:
6374:
6332:
6331:
6290:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6189:
6188:
5829:Protorothyrididae
5819:
5818:
5810:Stephanospondylus
5692:
5691:
5541:
5540:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5216:
5215:
5063:
5062:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5036:
4957:Tristichopteridae
4901:
4900:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4511:
4510:
4403:
4402:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4196:Phlegethontioidea
3959:
3958:
3927:Elginerpetontidae
3707:
3706:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3592:Parapanderichthys
3390:Tristichopteridae
3359:Eotetrapodiformes
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2116:Eogyrinus attheyi
2096:
2095:
946:
935:
934:
926:
925:
917:
916:
908:
907:
899:
898:
890:
889:
881:
880:
872:
871:
863:
862:
727:
726:
718:
717:
709:
708:
700:
699:
527:
526:
304:appearing in the
254:
253:
238:
6499:
6452:
6451:
6439:
6438:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6411:
6410:
6409:
6379:
6378:
6342:Labyrinthodontia
6327:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6300:
6299:
6251:
6247:
6215:
6211:
6204:
6203:
6200:
6180:Tramuntanasaurus
6082:Rhiodenticulatus
6060:Protocaptorhinus
5981:
5980:
5974:
5900:
5826:
5789:Kuwavaatakdectes
5718:
5717:
5710:
5705:
5704:
5589:Karpinskiosaurus
5548:
5386:
5385:
5378:
5373:
5372:
5358:
5347:
5336:
5325:
5314:
5303:
5293:
5282:
5271:
5260:
5252:
5251:
5241:
5240:
5176:
5175:
5167:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5112:
5111:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5067:
5066:
5053:
5052:
4963:Labyrinthodontia
4918:
4917:
4907:
4906:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4861:
4818:
4814:
4780:
4772:
4771:
4764:
4703:
4700:
4663:
4518:
4445:
4444:
4438:
4410:
4345:
4344:
4338:
4294:
4256:
4220:Phlegethontiidae
4201:
4200:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4114:
4104:
4094:
4084:
4074:
4064:
4054:
4044:
4034:
4024:
4014:
4004:
3994:
3984:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3966:
3925:
3910:
3900:
3890:
3880:
3870:
3859:
3849:
3839:
3829:
3819:
3809:
3799:
3788:
3778:
3768:
3758:
3750:
3749:
3746:
3738:
3737:
3731:
3722:
3713:
3712:
3702:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3646:
3637:
3619:
3609:
3599:
3589:
3579:
3569:
3558:
3550:
3549:
3388:
3372:
3364:
3363:
3248:
3195:
3072:
3057:
3047:
3037:
3027:
3017:
3007:
2997:
2987:
2977:
2967:
2957:
2947:
2937:
2927:
2917:
2907:
2897:
2887:
2877:
2867:
2857:
2847:
2837:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2817:
2805:
2804:
2751:
2750:
2742:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2687:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2672:Tetrapodomorpha
2665:
2658:
2651:
2642:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2568:. Archived from
2535:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2507:(8): 1239–1255.
2493:"A new study of
2488:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2453:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2354:(5): 1147–1153.
2343:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2219:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2178:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2145:
2128:(851): 279–326.
2109:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2027:
2025:
2024:
1993:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1933:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1849:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1647:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1537:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1469:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1402:Triassic reptile
1385:
1383:
1382:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1344:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1090:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1032:
1021:The namesake of
1014:
1012:
1011:
1002:
1000:
999:
943:
831:
830:
809:
808:
787:
786:
763:
762:
741:
740:
664:
663:
623:
622:
599:
598:
572:
571:
565:
564:
541:
540:
493:
492:
486:
485:
476:
475:
451:brachystelechids
293:vertebral centra
230:
225:
133:
132:
108:
98:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
6507:
6506:
6502:
6501:
6500:
6498:
6497:
6496:
6462:
6461:
6460:
6455:
6447:
6442:
6434:
6429:
6420:
6419:
6414:
6405:
6404:
6399:
6386:
6376:
6371:
6328:
6294:
6278:
6249:
6245:
6238:
6213:
6209:
6198:
6197:
6185:
6116:
6038:Labidosauriscus
5967:
5947:Petrolacosaurus
5893:
5839:Anthracodromeus
5815:
5739:
5701:
5688:
5657:
5550:Seymouriamorpha
5537:
5474:Chroniosuchidae
5468:
5399:
5367:
5361:Gephyrostegidae
5317:Solenodonsaurus
5248:
5227:
5212:
5192:
5186:Tetrapodomorpha
5171:Tetrapodomorpha
5161:
5117:
5116:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5097:Reptiliomorpha
5094:
5064:
5059:
5033:
4997:
4973:Ichthyostegalia
4941:Osteolepiformes
4925:
4912:
4897:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4841:
4816:
4812:
4811:Reptiliomorpha
4805:
4778:
4765:
4762:
4757:
4701:
4693:
4665:Gephyrostegidae
4656:
4557:Carbonoherpeton
4507:
4466:
4431:
4399:
4394:Palaeomolgophis
4358:
4331:
4287:
4241:
4214:
4190:
4169:Oestocephalidae
4163:
4144:Andersonerpeton
4122:
4117:Tantallognathus
3970:
3964:
3955:
3943:Obruchevichthys
3918:
3744:
3732:
3726:
3720:
3703:
3679:
3659:
3641:
3635:
3627:
3545:Elpistostegalia
3539:
3534:Tristichopterus
3381:
3375:Palaeospondylus
3353:
3347:Sterropterygion
3281:Ectosteorhachis
3266:Cladarosymblema
3250:Megalichthyidae
3241:
3188:
3125:Propycnoctenion
3065:
2825:
2823:Tetrapodomorpha
2812:
2810:Tetrapodomorpha
2787:
2773:Tetrapodomorpha
2767:
2736:
2692:
2691:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2639:
2638:
2601:(6893): 72–76.
2591:
2587:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2533:
2527:
2520:
2513:10.1139/e99-036
2489:
2485:
2436:(10): e109717.
2422:
2418:
2379:
2375:
2344:
2340:
2303:
2299:
2272:
2268:
2237:
2233:
2196:
2192:
2176:
2166:
2159:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2071:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2022:
2020:
1974:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1914:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1826:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1756:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1688:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1628:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1578:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1518:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1447:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1380:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1321:
1319:
1278:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1244:Carbonoherpeton
1223:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1169:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1115:
1113:
1068:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1009:
1007:
997:
995:
941:
936:
927:
918:
909:
900:
891:
882:
873:
864:
794:Seymouriamorpha
748:Gephyrostegidae
728:
719:
710:
701:
528:
423:chroniosuchians
325:
229:
223:
201:Elpistostegalia
188:Tetrapodomorpha
127:
113:Restoration of
99:
97:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
35:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6505:
6495:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6440:
6427:
6412:
6396:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6357:Batrachosauria
6354:
6352:Anthracosauria
6349:
6344:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6274:
6264:
6255:
6253:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6228:
6219:
6217:
6201:
6191:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6155:
6152:Labidosaurikos
6148:
6141:
6134:
6126:
6124:
6122:Moradisaurinae
6118:
6117:
6115:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6092:
6085:
6078:
6071:
6063:
6056:
6048:
6041:
6034:
6027:
6024:Gecatogomphius
6020:
6013:
6006:
6003:Captorhinoides
5999:
5992:
5984:
5978:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5958:
5950:
5943:
5936:
5933:Halgaitosaurus
5929:
5921:
5914:
5906:
5904:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5888:Thuringothyris
5884:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5834:
5832:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5806:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5778:
5771:
5764:
5757:
5749:
5747:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5730:
5721:
5715:
5712:Diadectomorpha
5702:
5697:
5694:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5678:
5669:
5667:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5577:
5574:Discosauriscus
5570:
5563:
5560:Ariekanerpeton
5555:
5553:
5543:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5511:Madygenerpeton
5507:
5500:
5493:
5486:
5478:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5442:Hassiacoscutum
5438:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5409:
5407:
5405:Bystrowianidae
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5389:
5383:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5354:
5343:
5332:
5321:
5310:
5299:
5289:
5278:
5267:
5255:
5249:
5246:Reptiliomorpha
5244:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5202:
5200:
5198:Reptiliomorpha
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5179:
5173:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5148:
5139:
5130:
5124:
5108:
5107:
5093:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5070:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4993:Anthracosauria
4990:
4988:Phyllospondyli
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4954:
4948:
4946:Osteolepididae
4943:
4938:
4936:Stem tetrapoda
4932:
4930:
4914:
4913:
4911:Related topics
4903:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4831:
4829:Reptiliomorpha
4822:
4820:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4795:
4786:
4784:
4782:Batrachomorpha
4769:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4711:
4709:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4674:Bruktererpeton
4669:
4667:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4651:Spondylerpeton
4647:
4640:
4633:
4630:Proterogyrinus
4626:
4619:
4612:
4609:Palaeoherpeton
4605:
4598:
4591:
4583:
4576:
4573:Diplovertebron
4569:
4560:
4553:
4550:Calligenethlon
4546:
4539:
4532:
4529:Anthracosaurus
4524:
4522:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4502:Megalocephalus
4498:
4491:
4484:
4476:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4461:Spathicephalus
4457:
4448:
4442:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4418:
4416:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4387:Dolichopareias
4383:
4380:Adelospondylus
4376:
4368:
4366:
4364:Adelogyrinidae
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4348:
4342:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4300:
4298:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4262:
4260:
4258:Whatcheeriidae
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4232:
4224:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4181:
4178:Coloraderpeton
4173:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4139:
4133:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4110:
4100:
4090:
4080:
4070:
4060:
4050:
4040:
4030:
4020:
4010:
4000:
3990:
3979:
3973:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3931:
3929:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3906:
3896:
3886:
3876:
3866:
3855:
3845:
3835:
3825:
3815:
3805:
3795:
3784:
3774:
3764:
3753:
3747:
3734:
3733:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3615:
3605:
3595:
3585:
3575:
3565:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3498:Marsdenichthys
3494:
3487:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3448:Eusthenopteron
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3413:Callistipterus
3409:
3402:
3394:
3392:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3343:
3340:Sengoerichthys
3336:
3329:
3326:Palatinichthys
3322:
3314:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3284:
3277:
3269:
3262:
3254:
3252:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3227:Marsdenichthys
3223:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3078:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3053:
3043:
3033:
3023:
3013:
3010:Platyethmoidia
3003:
2993:
2983:
2973:
2970:Megadonichthys
2963:
2953:
2943:
2933:
2923:
2913:
2910:Harajicadectes
2903:
2893:
2883:
2873:
2863:
2853:
2843:
2832:
2826:
2821:
2814:
2813:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2754:
2748:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2723:
2714:
2705:
2699:
2683:
2682:
2668:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2585:
2544:(2): 251–345.
2518:
2483:
2416:
2373:
2338:
2317:(2): 205–213.
2297:
2266:
2253:10.1086/273563
2231:
2210:(2): 205–213.
2190:
2157:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2081:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2042:Spondylerpeton
2037:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2018:
2008:
2003:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1969:United Kingdom
1958:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1924:
1909:United Kingdom
1874:
1864:
1859:
1856:Proterogyrinus
1851:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1809:United Kingdom
1798:
1788:
1783:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:Proterogyrinus
1766:
1751:United Kingdom
1740:
1726:
1721:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1698:
1683:United Kingdom
1672:
1662:
1657:
1654:Palaeoherpeton
1649:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1562:
1552:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1513:United Kingdom
1502:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1442:United Kingdom
1431:
1421:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1394:Anthracosaurus
1390:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1328:Czech Republic
1317:
1307:
1302:
1299:Diplovertebron
1294:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1262:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:Fossil Cliffs
1179:
1153:
1143:
1138:
1135:Calligenethlon
1130:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1078:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1023:Anthracosauria
1019:
1004:United Kingdom
993:
983:
978:
975:Anthracosaurus
970:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
950:
949:
947:List of genera
940:
937:
933:
932:
929:
928:
924:
923:
920:
919:
915:
914:
911:
910:
906:
905:
902:
901:
897:
896:
893:
892:
888:
887:
884:
883:
879:
878:
875:
874:
870:
869:
866:
865:
861:
860:
857:
856:
849:
846:
845:
842:
841:
838:Diadectomorpha
834:
829:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
812:
807:
805:
802:
801:
798:
797:
790:
785:
783:
780:
779:
776:
775:
766:
761:
759:
756:
755:
752:
751:
744:
739:
737:
734:
733:
730:
729:
725:
724:
721:
720:
716:
715:
712:
711:
707:
706:
703:
702:
698:
697:
694:
693:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
667:
662:
660:
657:
656:
653:
652:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
626:
621:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
602:
597:
595:
589:
588:
585:
584:
575:
570:
568:
563:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
544:
539:
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:
525:
524:
521:
520:
513:
510:
509:
506:
505:
496:
491:
489:
484:
482:
474:
440:reptiliomorphs
435:Anthracosaurus
430:Anthracosauria
403:Proterogyrinus
324:
323:Classification
321:
301:Proterogyrinus
273:Reptiliomorpha
252:
251:
245:
244:
240:
239:
221:
217:
216:
211:
204:
203:
198:
191:
190:
185:
178:
177:
172:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
121:
120:
110:
109:
101:
100:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6504:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6450:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6432:
6428:
6423:
6417:
6413:
6408:
6402:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6380:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6339:
6338:
6335:
6326:
6322:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6298:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6241:
6233:
6229:
6227:
6223:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6205:
6202:
6199:(crown group)
6196:
6192:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6175:
6174:
6170:
6168:
6167:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6142:
6140:
6139:
6138:Captorhinikos
6135:
6133:
6132:
6131:Balearosaurus
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6119:
6113:
6112:
6108:
6106:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6089:Rhodotheratus
6086:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6047:
6046:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6019:
6018:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6007:
6005:
6004:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5976:Captorhinidae
5970:
5964:
5963:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5954:Spinoaequalis
5951:
5949:
5948:
5944:
5942:
5941:
5940:Kadaliosaurus
5937:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5902:Araeoscelidia
5896:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5881:Protorothyris
5878:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5853:Cephalerpeton
5850:
5848:
5847:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5822:
5812:
5811:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5803:Phanerosaurus
5800:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5706:
5703:
5700:
5695:
5683:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5638:Spinarerpeton
5635:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5544:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5520:
5519:
5518:Phratochronis
5515:
5513:
5512:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5490:Chroniosuchus
5487:
5485:
5484:
5483:Chroniosaurus
5480:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5449:Jiyuanitectum
5446:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5381:
5380:Chroniosuchia
5374:
5370:
5363:
5362:
5355:
5352:
5351:
5344:
5341:
5340:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5328:Termonerpeton
5322:
5319:
5318:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5306:Silvanerpeton
5300:
5298:
5297:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5247:
5242:
5238:
5226:
5225:
5219:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5156:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5146:Sarcopterygii
5143:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5091:
5086:
5084:
5079:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5056:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4908:
4904:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4836:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4808:
4800:
4796:
4794:
4793:Temnospondyli
4790:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4777:
4776:Temnospondyli
4773:
4770:
4768:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4752:Termonerpeton
4749:
4747:
4746:
4745:Silvanerpeton
4742:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4706:anthracosaurs
4696:
4690:
4689:
4688:Gephyrostegus
4685:
4683:
4682:
4681:Eusauropleura
4678:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4623:Pholiderpeton
4620:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4595:Leptophractus
4592:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4514:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4434:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4406:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4354:
4353:Acherontiscus
4350:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4340:Adelospondyli
4334:
4328:
4327:
4326:Pholidogaster
4323:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4312:Deltaherpeton
4309:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4252:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4229:Phlegethontia
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4185:Oestocephalus
4182:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4047:Ichthyerpeton
4041:
4039:
4038:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4007:Crassigyrinus
4001:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3969:
3962:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3832:Metaxygnathus
3826:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3771:Brittagnathus
3765:
3763:
3762:
3755:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3714:
3710:
3701:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3683:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3582:Panderichthys
3576:
3574:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3561:Howittichthys
3555:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3455:Heddleichthys
3452:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3406:Cabonnichthys
3403:
3401:
3400:
3399:Bruehnopteron
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3197:Canowindridae
3191:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3030:Thaumatolepis
3024:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2940:Lamprotolepis
2934:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2890:Greiserolepis
2884:
2882:
2881:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2762:
2761:Gnathostomata
2758:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:Gnathostomata
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Sarcopterygii
2718:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:Pan-Tetrapoda
2666:
2661:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2575:on 2008-05-22
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2523:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2487:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:Palaeontology
2342:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2311:Fossil Record
2308:
2301:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2204:Fossil Record
2201:
2194:
2187:(5): 105–159.
2186:
2182:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2108:
2104:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2067:
2066:United States
2056:
2054:
2053:Pennsylvanian
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2019:
2016:
2015:Wuchiapingian
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1970:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1951:Pennsylvanian
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1897:West Virginia
1886:
1885:United States
1875:
1872:
1868:
1867:Mississippian
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1822:
1810:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1791:Pennsylvanian
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1780:Pholiderpeton
1777:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1752:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:Pennsylvanian
1730:
1729:Mississippian
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1702:Palaeogyrinus
1699:
1696:
1684:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:Pennsylvanian
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1624:
1623:United States
1613:
1611:
1610:Pennsylvanian
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1574:
1573:United States
1563:
1560:
1556:
1555:Pennsylvanian
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1544:Leptophractus
1541:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1514:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:Pennsylvanian
1488:
1487:Mississippian
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1461:Pholiderpeton
1458:
1455:
1443:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1424:Pennsylvanian
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1376:
1375:United States
1365:
1363:
1362:Pennsylvanian
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1335:Gephyrostegus
1331:
1329:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1310:Pennsylvanian
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1274:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1255:Pennsylvanian
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1219:
1218:United States
1208:
1206:
1205:Pennsylvanian
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1165:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1146:Pennsylvanian
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1112:
1109:
1108:Early Permian
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1064:
1063:United States
1053:
1051:
1050:Early Permian
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1005:
994:
991:
987:
986:Pennsylvanian
984:
982:
979:
977:
976:
972:
971:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
951:
944:
931:
930:
922:
921:
913:
912:
904:
903:
895:
894:
886:
885:
877:
876:
868:
867:
859:
858:
855:
854:
848:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
833:
832:
826:
825:
822:
821:
818:
817:
811:
810:
804:
803:
800:
799:
796:
795:
789:
788:
782:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
772:
765:
764:
758:
757:
754:
753:
750:
749:
743:
742:
736:
735:
732:
731:
723:
722:
714:
713:
705:
704:
696:
695:
692:
691:
690:
683:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
673:
666:
665:
659:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
649:
642:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
632:
625:
624:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
608:
601:
600:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
581:
574:
573:
567:
566:
560:
559:
556:
555:
552:
551:
550:
543:
542:
536:
535:
532:
531:
523:
522:
519:
518:
517:Temnospondyli
512:
511:
508:
507:
504:
503:
502:
495:
494:
488:
487:
481:
478:
477:
473:
471:
467:
462:
458:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
436:
431:
426:
424:
420:
419:
418:Silvanerpeton
414:
413:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:Michel Laurin
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:Pennsylvanian
370:
366:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
340:
339:
334:
329:
320:
318:
317:Early Permian
314:
312:
307:
303:
302:
296:
294:
290:
289:Pennsylvanian
286:
285:Mississippian
282:
281:Carboniferous
279:in the Early
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
250:
246:
241:
237:
233:
228:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:Sarcopterygii
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
131:
126:
122:
118:
117:
111:
107:
102:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
34:
33:Wuchiapingian
30:
29:Mississippian
22:
19:
6391:
6362:Cotylosauria
6347:Lepospondyli
6301:
6248:Pan‑Reptilia
6212:Pan‑Mammalia
6178:
6173:Sumidadectes
6171:
6166:Rothianiscus
6164:
6159:Moradisaurus
6157:
6150:
6143:
6136:
6129:
6109:
6102:
6094:
6087:
6080:
6075:Reiszorhinus
6073:
6067:Puercosaurus
6065:
6058:
6050:
6045:Labidosaurus
6043:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6008:
6001:
5996:Baeotherates
5994:
5987:
5960:
5952:
5945:
5938:
5931:
5923:
5916:
5911:Aphelosaurus
5909:
5886:
5879:
5872:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5837:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5782:Diasparactus
5780:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5754:Alveusdectes
5752:
5732:
5724:
5682:Lissamphibia
5650:
5643:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5463:Yumenerpeton
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5428:Bystrowiella
5426:
5419:
5412:
5392:
5359:
5349:
5348:
5339:Westlothiana
5337:
5326:
5315:
5304:
5294:
5283:
5272:
5263:Caerorhachis
5261:
5222:
5150:
5141:
5137:Osteichthyes
5132:
5002:Other topics
4983:Holospondyli
4978:Lepospondyli
4927:Polyphyletic
4922:Paraphyletic
4862:
4799:Lissamphibia
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4721:
4716:Caerorhachis
4714:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4649:
4644:Seroherpeton
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4602:Neopteroplax
4600:
4593:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4548:
4541:
4534:
4527:
4519:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4459:
4451:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4373:Adelogyrinus
4371:
4351:
4324:
4319:Greererpeton
4317:
4310:
4303:
4280:
4273:
4265:
4234:
4227:
4207:
4183:
4176:
4158:Ophiderpeton
4156:
4149:
4142:
4115:
4105:
4095:
4085:
4075:
4067:Mesanerpeton
4065:
4055:
4045:
4035:
4025:
4015:
4005:
3997:Aytonerpeton
3995:
3985:
3950:Webererpeton
3948:
3941:
3936:Elginerpeton
3934:
3911:
3901:
3891:
3881:
3871:
3860:
3850:
3840:
3830:
3820:
3812:Ichthyostega
3810:
3800:
3791:Elpistostege
3789:
3781:Densignathus
3779:
3769:
3761:Acanthostega
3759:
3727:
3718:Stegocephali
3686:
3642:
3633:Stegocephali
3620:
3612:Rubrognathus
3610:
3600:
3590:
3580:
3570:
3559:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3506:Notorhizodon
3504:
3496:
3489:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3373:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3318:Megistolepis
3316:
3308:
3303:Megalichthys
3301:
3294:
3286:
3279:
3271:
3264:
3259:Askerichthys
3257:
3233:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3180:
3174:Thysanolepis
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3132:Pycnoctenion
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3104:Gooloogongia
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:Rhizodontida
3058:
3048:
3038:
3028:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2988:
2980:Muranjilepis
2978:
2968:
2958:
2948:
2938:
2928:
2918:
2908:
2900:Gyroptychius
2898:
2888:
2878:
2868:
2858:
2848:
2838:
2725:
2716:
2712:Osteichthyes
2707:
2598:
2594:
2588:
2577:. Retrieved
2570:the original
2541:
2537:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2486:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2207:
2203:
2193:
2184:
2180:
2171:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2107:
2084:
2040:
2011:Late Permian
2000:Seroherpeton
1998:
1938:
1871:Serpukhovian
1854:
1839:
1778:
1769:
1715:
1714:
1701:
1652:
1599:Neopteroplax
1597:
1542:
1474:
1460:
1411:
1398:Erpetosuchus
1397:
1393:
1349:
1333:
1297:
1242:
1192:
1133:
1095:
1081:
1037:
973:
851:
836:
816:Lepospondyli
814:
792:
769:
768:
746:
687:
686:
670:
669:
646:
645:
629:
628:
605:
604:
592:
578:
577:
547:
546:
515:
499:
498:
469:
463:
459:
447:Lepospondyli
444:
433:
429:
427:
416:
410:
406:
402:
393:
388:
384:
368:
362:
344:
336:
332:
309:
299:
297:
256:
255:
248:
226:
214:Stegocephali
207:
194:
181:
168:
114:
18:
6472:Embolomeres
6416:Wikispecies
6244:Sauropsida
6145:Gansurhinus
6111:Saurorictus
6017:Euconcordia
6010:Captorhinus
5962:Zarcasaurus
5918:Araeoscelis
5874:Paleothyris
5860:Coelostegus
5745:Diadectidae
5726:Limnoscelis
5676:Microsauria
5664:Microsauria
5624:Nyctiboetus
5532:Uralerpeton
5497:Ingentidens
5435:Dromotectum
5421:Bystrowiana
5101:Pan‑Amniota
5019:Romer's gap
4815:Pan-Amniota
4763:Crown group
4616:Papposaurus
4440:Baphetoidea
4296:Colosteidae
4282:Whatcheeria
4236:Sillerpeton
4027:Doragnathus
3987:Antlerpeton
3520:Spodichthys
3483:Litoptychus
3441:Eusthenodon
3434:Edenopteron
3427:Devonosteus
3333:Rhizodopsis
3296:Mahalalepis
3273:Cryptolepis
3220:Koharalepis
3206:Beelarongia
3182:Vorobjevaia
3160:Screbinodus
3153:Sauripterus
3146:Rossichthys
3118:Letognathus
3083:Archichthys
3060:Viluichthys
2930:Litoptychus
2870:Glyptopomus
2850:Chrysolepis
2730:Rhipidistia
2286:(1): 1–42.
1955:Westphalian
1795:Westphalian
1717:Papposaurus
1669:Westphalian
1559:Westphalian
1428:Westphalian
1285:Nova Scotia
1259:Westphalian
1176:Nova Scotia
990:Westphalian
464:Below is a
24:Embolomeres
6466:Categories
6422:Embolomeri
6392:Embolomeri
6367:Eureptilia
6340:See also:
6262:Sauropsida
6208:Synapsida
6096:Riabininus
5925:Dictybolos
5768:Desmatodon
5652:Waggoneria
5603:Leptoropha
5456:Synesuchus
5350:Embolomeri
5296:Romeriscus
5207:see below↓
4738:Eoherpeton
4587:Eoherpeton
4580:Eobaphetes
4520:Embolomeri
4472:Baphetidae
4097:Perittodus
4017:Diploradus
3903:Ventastega
3873:Tulerpeton
3842:Parmastega
3822:Jakubsonia
3802:Hynerpeton
3728:sensu lato
3654:see below↓
3643:sensu lato
3602:Qikiqtania
3491:Mandageria
3476:Langlieria
3420:Canningius
3213:Canowindra
3167:Strepsodus
3020:Shirolepis
2990:Osteolepis
2920:Kenichthys
2860:Geptolepis
2840:Bogdanovia
2782:see below↓
2579:2012-05-26
2099:References
1499:Bashkirian
1476:Eoherpeton
1351:Eobaphetes
1150:Bashkirian
1110:(Ufimian)
593:Embolomeri
468:from Ruta
455:tuditanids
412:Eoherpeton
351:batrachian
257:Embolomeri
249:See text.
227:Embolomeri
6266:includes
6230:includes
6226:Synapsida
5989:Acrodenta
5867:Hylonomus
5775:Diadectes
5631:Seymouria
5617:Microphon
5610:Makowskia
5596:Kotlassia
5581:Enosuchus
5525:Suchonica
5504:Jarilinus
5414:Axitectum
5394:Laosuchus
5285:Eldeceeon
5274:Casineria
5155:Tetrapoda
5120:Kingdom:
4968:Rachitomi
4833:includes
4797:includes
4767:Tetrapoda
4731:Eldeceeon
4723:Casineria
4637:Pteroplax
4425:Nectridea
4413:Nectridea
4305:Colosteus
4267:Ossinodus
4151:Lethiscus
4131:Aistopoda
4107:Sigournea
4087:Ossirarus
3893:Umzantsia
3862:Tiktaalik
3852:Sinostega
3724:Tetrapoda
3639:Tetrapoda
3622:Tiktaalik
3572:Livoniana
3469:Jarvikina
3310:Megapomus
3050:Tungsenia
3000:Peregrina
2880:Gogonasus
2695:Kingdom:
2615:0028-0836
2460:1932-6203
2403:2158-5520
2368:0031-0239
2333:2193-0066
2247:: 26–39.
2226:2193-0066
2152:0080-4622
1940:Pteroplax
1840:Eogyrinus
1413:Eogyrinus
1314:Moscovian
962:Location
480:Tetrapoda
466:cladogram
359:Rachitomi
355:amphibian
265:tetrapods
148:Kingdom:
142:Eukaryota
6401:Wikidata
6268:reptiles
6031:Kahneria
5846:Brouffia
5796:Orobates
5734:Tseajaia
5645:Utegenia
5567:Biarmica
5128:Chordata
5126:Phylum:
5122:Animalia
5055:Category
5024:Timeline
4565:Cricotus
4536:Archeria
4488:Kyrinion
4481:Baphetes
4453:Eucritta
4275:Pederpes
4077:Occidens
3968:Devonian
3883:Tutusius
3742:Devonian
3288:Lohsania
3139:Rhizodus
3097:Barameda
3040:Thursius
2960:Medoevia
2703:Chordata
2701:Phylum:
2697:Animalia
2623:12097908
2566:31298396
2558:12803423
2478:25290449
2430:PLOS ONE
2411:85114894
2389:: 5–16.
2261:84133633
2172:Archeria
2085:Cricotus
2078:Illinois
1921:Scotland
1833:Scotland
1763:Scotland
1737:Namurian
1695:Scotland
1525:Scotland
1230:Illinois
1194:Cricotus
1082:Cricotus
1039:Archeria
1016:Scotland
472:(2003):
407:Archeria
389:Archeria
385:Cricotus
377:red beds
369:Cricotus
364:Cricotus
338:Archeria
333:Cricotus
311:Archeria
162:Chordata
158:Phylum:
152:Animalia
138:Domain:
116:Archeria
6436:4358759
6407:Q136529
6232:mammals
6195:Amniota
6104:Romeria
5761:Ambedus
5699:Amniota
4835:Amniota
4543:Aversor
4495:Loxomma
4057:Koilops
4037:Gaiasia
3527:Tinirau
3462:Hyneria
3235:Owensia
3090:Aztecia
2950:Latvius
2469:4188710
2438:Bibcode
2130:Bibcode
1981:England
1821:England
1706:beetles
1454:England
1183:Joggins
1097:Aversor
968:Images
853:Amniota
277:evolved
243:Genera
220:Order:
4929:groups
3913:Ymeria
3111:Hongyu
2631:741732
2629:
2621:
2613:
2595:Nature
2564:
2556:
2476:
2466:
2458:
2409:
2401:
2366:
2331:
2259:
2224:
2150:
2075:
2063:
2026:
1978:
1966:
1918:
1906:
1894:
1882:
1830:
1818:
1806:
1760:
1748:
1692:
1680:
1632:
1620:
1582:
1570:
1522:
1510:
1495:Visean
1451:
1439:
1387:Kansas
1384:
1372:
1325:
1282:
1273:Canada
1270:
1227:
1215:
1173:
1164:Canada
1161:
1122:Russia
1119:
1072:
1060:
1013:
1001:
965:Notes
939:Genera
470:et al.
306:Visean
259:is an
6449:37178
6272:birds
5151:Clade
5142:Clade
5133:Clade
4702:Other
3965:Post-
2726:Clade
2717:Clade
2708:Clade
2627:S2CID
2573:(PDF)
2562:S2CID
2534:(PDF)
2407:S2CID
2257:S2CID
2177:(PDF)
2029:China
1797:A-B)
1671:A-B)
1075:Texas
992:A-B)
956:Year
953:Name
381:Texas
261:order
208:Clade
195:Clade
182:Clade
169:Clade
6270:and
6260:see
6224:see
5674:see
5184:see
4827:see
4791:see
4423:see
3971:taxa
3745:taxa
2759:see
2619:PMID
2611:ISSN
2554:PMID
2474:PMID
2456:ISSN
2399:ISSN
2364:ISSN
2329:ISSN
2222:ISSN
2148:ISSN
2048:1912
2006:2020
1946:1868
1862:1970
1786:1869
1724:1914
1660:1970
1635:Ohio
1605:1963
1585:Ohio
1550:1873
1482:1975
1419:1926
1357:1916
1305:1879
1250:1985
1200:1875
1141:1934
1103:1985
1045:1918
981:1863
959:Age
405:and
269:stem
236:1885
232:Cope
39:PreꞒ
6431:EoL
2603:doi
2599:418
2546:doi
2509:doi
2464:PMC
2446:doi
2391:doi
2356:doi
2319:doi
2288:doi
2249:doi
2212:doi
2138:doi
2126:263
1957:B)
1899:),
1561:D)
1430:B)
1261:D)
421:or
401:of
379:of
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267:or
263:of
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94:N
84:K
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69:P
64:C
59:D
54:S
49:O
44:Ꞓ
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