44:
255:(RAMC). She was one of the first women to join the group. Women doctors at the time did not classify or rank as members of the military, but rather as "civilian surgeons." They were afforded pay, rations, travelling allowances, and gratuity equal to that received by "temporarily-commissioned" male officer. She was posted on a one-year contract to
243:
in central
Belfast, attending mostly to women and young children. She was the medical officer (later honorary physician) to a precursor of the non-denominational Belfast Midnight Mission rescue and maternity home’ (later Malone Place Hospital), which assisted homeless and unmarried mothers. She was
399:
on 4 August, the
British declared a general amnesty with regard to women suffragist prisoners. Over the objections of Evans, Bell, McCracken and others, Christabel Pankhurst responded by directing an immediate and absolute cessation of the suffragette campaign throughout Britain and the closure of
383:
Bell was actively involved in the militant campaign that followed. Five
Unionist-owned buildings and related male recreational facilities, including Knock Golf Club, Newtownards Race Stand and Belfast Bowling and Tennis Club were burned and damaged. On 31 July 1914, in a plan hatched with Evans,
286:
in 1872 and had helped secure women in
Belfast a municipal (propertied) franchise in 1888. In the WSS Bell associated the achievement of a full, equal, parliamentary franchise with ending "the conspiracy of silence" on a range of issues pressing upon women. Weekly meetings in Belfast discussed
340:
In the summer of 1913, IWSS militants announced, "if legalised protection of little children could be brought a week nearer by our vote, defied ... women ... to say that we would not be right to burn down every public building in the land". When in
September 1913,
368:(the writer "L.A.M. Priestley" who had followed Bell from the IWSS) hailed as the "marriage of unionism and women's suffrage", did not last the winter. In March 1914, after being door-stepped for four days in London,
244:
also an honorary physician at the
Belfast Babies Home and Training School at The Grove. In 1896 Bell wrote and published "A Curious Condition of Placenta and Membranes" for the annual report of the
912:
984:
1144:
Macpherson W. G., 1921. History of The Great War, Medical
Services General History, Vol I, Chap XIII, The Medical Services in the Mediterranean Garrison pp. 235–248. HMSO London.
1249:
1090:
810:
1244:
349:
over to organise the WSPU in
Belfast, they and Bell joined in the effort. Superseded by the British organisation, in April 1914 the older society formally dissolved.
695:
Connolly, S.J.; McIntosh, Gillian (1 January 2012). "Chapter 7: Whose City? Belonging and
Exclusion in the Nineteenth-Century Urban World". In Connolly, S.J. (ed.).
417:
396:
1153:
Fairfield L., Medical Women in the Forces. Part I Women
Doctors in the British Forces 1914–1918 War. Journal of the Medical Women Federation 49. 1967; p 99.
1239:
900:
287:
temperance, infant mortality, sex education, venereal disease, white slave trafficking, protective factory legislation for women and equal opportunities.
1199:
431:. From 1922 to 1926, she assisted with the Belfast Corporation's Babies' Club welfare scheme, a project that donated milk to poverty-stricken mothers.
1234:
392:. Bell, who was to insist that she always made sure that the properties were empty before setting fire to them, was one of 13 suffragettes arrested.
1204:
976:
314:, during which she and others broke the windows of Swan and Edgar's department store. She was arrested and was held in solitary confinement at
1229:
1224:
1159:
SA/MWF/CI 59. Medical Women Federation, (Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine). Status of medical women under the War Office.
196:), in 1893 she and her sister Margaret were among the first women to obtain a medical degree in Ireland. Elizabeth was the first (as a
1116:
1015:
434:
Bell continued in practice until her death in 1934. Obituaries acknowledged her "striking personality and intellect." In 2016, the
1097:
17:
1051:
1209:
704:
413:
307:
260:
142:
122:
1219:
1147:
Leneman L., Medical women in the First World War - ranking nowhere. Br Med J (1993); 10: 1592 (Published 18 December 1993).
211:
In 1896, Bell married general practitioner Dr. Hugo Fisher, at the Fitzroy Presbyterian Church in Belfast. Fisher died of
365:
372:
ruled that Unionists could not take a position on so divisive an issue as women's suffrage. At a meeting in Belfast’s
1165:
Reports of Societies. Women's service in Malta with the RAMC. BMJ (1919); 2 : 634, (Published 15 November 1919).
959:
279:
118:
259:
to work with the Women's Medical Unit, at St. Andrew's Military Hospital. The hospital treated British, French, and
110:
Being one of the first women medical graduates in Ireland, and for her direct action commitment to women's suffrage.
177:, in Ireland in 1862. Her mother, Margaret Smith Bell, was from a local farming family. Her father, Joseph Bell of
446:
which occupies the site of the Newry Workhouse close to where Dr Bell was brought up and where her father worked.
240:
133:(24 December 1862 – 9 July 1934) was the first woman to practice as a qualified medical doctor in the north of
1141:
No 21 (24/B/787), Army Book No 82. Record of Special Reserve Officers' Service (Records of 132 Lady Doctors).
428:
216:
189:
360:
parliament be established in Dublin) would extend votes to women. With regard to an Irish parliament, the
245:
193:
92:
763:"Dr Elizabeth Gould Bell (1862 – 1934) - The First Woman to Graduate In Medicine And Practice In Ulster"
467:"Dr Elizabeth Gould Bell (1862 - 1934) - the First Woman to Graduate in Medicine and Practice in Ulster"
1214:
1194:
89:
352:
The day after the Belfast papers had reported that the WSPU would begin to organise in the city, the
505:
Logan, Mary S T. "The centenary of the admission of women students to the Belfast Medical School."
409:
252:
158:
353:
310:(WSPU) with the slogan "Deeds not Words." In 1911, Bell participated in a WSPU demonstration in
224:
220:
223:, when, in November 1917, he died in a German field hospital in Belgium from wounds received at
228:
811:"Elizabeth Gould Bell: Feminist trailblazer whose life was sadly blighted by family tragedies"
321:
In 1912, Bell attended, and assisted in the recovery of, women held on similar charges in the
215:
in 1901.The couple had one son, Hugh Bell Fisher. He was a twenty-year-old medical student at
435:
1189:
1184:
342:
299:
197:
590:
8:
1123:
1026:
443:
161:. In her last years, she continued to campaign for maternity and child welfare services.
146:
878:
787:
762:
566:
533:
483:
466:
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for Malta. In 1918, the year after she returned to Belfast, the parliamentary vote was
315:
291:
264:
722:"'An articulate and definite cry for political freedom': the ulster suffrage movement"
1055:
955:
870:
792:
743:
700:
571:
553:
488:
389:
361:
322:
671:"British Army Medical Services and the Malta Garrison 1799 — 1979: Eliza Gould Bell"
442:
commemorating Bell as "one of the first women medical graduates in Ireland 1893" at
862:
782:
774:
733:
561:
545:
478:
357:
295:
670:
620:
303:
270:
In July 1917, Bell returned to Belfast to resume work as a general practitioner.
178:
182:
1156:
Mitchell A. M., Medical Women and the Medical services of the First World War.
1150:
Leneman L., Medical Women at war 1914–1918. Medical History 1994, 38: 160–177.
738:
721:
423:
In February 1919, Bell became the Medical Officer for a residence hall in her
1178:
952:
Dissenting Voices: Rediscovering the Irish Progressive Presbyterian Tradition
874:
855:"'Suffrage First, Above All Else!' An Account of the Irish Suffrage Movement"
747:
557:
385:
377:
369:
346:
334:
330:
212:
174:
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Their trials and sentencing were interrupted by the European war. After its
145:, in 1913-14, she engaged in a series of arson attacks directed against the
796:
778:
575:
549:
492:
283:
282:(from 1909, the Irish WSS). The society had been established in Belfast by
43:
1162:
Women doctors. Hansard House of Commons Debate 2 July 1918; 107: cc1555–6.
439:
373:
201:
188:
Having, in 1889, been the first woman admitted to the Medical Faculty of
154:
1052:"::: Newry Journal ::: - History of Newry Workhouse : Part 3"
882:
854:
645:
356:
announced that the Provisional Government (readied for Ulster should a
205:
204:
in Belfast) to practice in Ulster—Margaret entered general practice in
1082:
Irish Women in Medicine, c.1880s-1920s: Origins, Education and Careers
1168:
The Medical Directory 1916, 72nd Issue. London J. & A. Churchill.
141:—and was a vocal and militant suffragist. In a protest action by the
866:
326:
150:
134:
311:
138:
1016:"Herstory III: profiles of a further eight Ulster-Scots Women"
977:"The brutes - Mrs Metge and the Lisburn Cathedral, bomb 1914"
278:
Perhaps as early as her medical school days, Bell joined the
256:
170:
329:. Following the growing militant practice, they had gone on
954:. Ulster Historical Foundation. pp. 273–274, 276–278.
1115:
1250:
20th-century women medical doctors from Northern Ireland
901:"Irish Suffragettes at the time of the Home Rule Crisis"
27:
One of the first women to qualify as a doctor in Ireland
591:"Bell, Elizabeth Gould | Dictionary of Irish Biography"
380:
declared an end to "the truce we have held in Ulster".
646:"Why did Malta become one of WW1's biggest hospitals?"
157:, she became one of the first women to work with the
509:, vol. 59, no. 2, Oct. 1990 Accessed 29 March 2019.
1245:20th-century medical doctors from Northern Ireland
1176:
1122:. Ulster-Scots Community Network. Archived from
694:
219:, and a lieutenant in the 2nd Battalion of the
1171:1Hunter Richard H, The Belfast Medical School.
1096:. Belfast Women’s History Tour. Archived from
1088:
1240:Women medical doctors from Northern Ireland
699:. Liverpool University Press. p. 256.
251:In 1916, Bell volunteered to work with the
42:
1200:Alumni of the Royal University of Ireland
786:
737:
565:
482:
306:. In 1903 the Pankhursts established the
280:North of Ireland Women's Suffrage Society
1235:19th-century Irish women medical doctors
949:
719:
894:
892:
761:Rea, Shelagh-Mary (12 September 2017).
290:Bell also made contact in England with
164:
14:
1177:
697:Belfast 400: People, Place and History
273:
1079:
987:from the original on 16 December 2019
945:
943:
915:from the original on 18 February 2020
898:
588:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
364:would make no such undertaking. What
1205:Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
974:
889:
852:
754:
615:
613:
611:
460:
458:
234:
1054:. 21 September 2011. Archived from
968:
803:
760:
531:
464:
153:. Amnestied at the outbreak of the
24:
1230:19th-century Irish medical doctors
1225:Medical doctors from County Armagh
1073:
940:
905:20th Century, Contemporary History
713:
512:
308:Women's Social and Political Union
143:Women's Social and Political Union
123:Women's Social and Political Union
25:
1261:
608:
499:
455:
408:In July 1916, Bell left with the
239:Bell established her practice in
169:Elizabeth Gould Bell was born in
1117:"Ulster Scots Women in History"
1044:
1008:
999:
927:
846:
837:
828:
720:Urquhart, Diane (1 June 2002).
397:declaration of war upon Germany
1023:Ulster-Scots Community Network
688:
663:
638:
582:
119:Irish Women's Suffrage Society
13:
1:
843:Urquhart (2002), pp. 281-283.
449:
403:
1210:Medical doctors from Belfast
923:– via History Ireland.
181:, was a Clerk for the Newry
7:
1220:Irish women medical doctors
1091:"Celebrating Belfast Women"
532:Rea, S. M. (21 July 1934).
248:, North of Ireland Branch.
246:British Medical Association
217:Queen's University, Belfast
194:Royal University of Ireland
10:
1266:
1084:. Oxford University Press.
767:The Ulster Medical Journal
534:"Dr. Elizabeth Gould Bell"
507:The Ulster Medical Journal
471:The Ulster Medical Journal
933:Urquhart (2002), p. 280.
739:10.1080/09612020200200321
400:WSPU offices in Belfast.
114:
106:
98:
85:
80:Belfast, Northern Ireland
69:
50:
41:
34:
1005:Urquhart (2002), p. 285.
950:Courtney, Roger (2013).
834:Urquhart (2002), p. 282.
589:Byrne, Patricia (2009).
414:granted to women over 30
253:Royal Army Medical Corps
190:Queen’s College, Belfast
159:Royal Army Medical Corps
853:Ward, Margaret (1982).
354:Ulster Unionist Council
316:Holloway Women's Prison
263:wounded evacuated from
221:Royal Munster Fusiliers
90:Queen's College Belfast
18:Elizabeth Bell (doctor)
899:Kelly, Vivien (1996).
779:10.1136/bmj.2.3837.146
726:Women's History Review
550:10.1136/bmj.2.3837.146
388:bombed the chancel of
229:Second Battle of Ypres
1089:Margaret Ward (ed.).
975:Toal, Ciaran (2014).
436:Ulster History Circle
241:Great Victoria Street
1080:Laura Kelly (2012).
1058:on 21 September 2011
937:, 20 September 1913.
815:www.newsletter.co.uk
732:(2): (273–292) 277.
343:Christabel Pankhurst
333:and been subject to
198:general practitioner
165:Family and education
131:Elizabeth Gould Bell
36:Elizabeth Gould Bell
465:Rea, S. M. (2017).
444:Daisy Hill Hospital
418:Equal voting rights
366:Elizabeth McCracken
294:and her daughters,
274:Suffragist militant
861:(10): (21–36) 30.
621:"Bell Eliza Gould"
429:Queen's University
420:followed in 1928.
292:Emmeline Pankhurst
1215:Irish suffragists
1195:People from Newry
706:978-1-84631-635-7
675:www.maltaramc.com
625:www.maltaramc.com
544:(3837): 189–195.
390:Lisburn Cathedral
323:Crumlin Road Jail
235:Professional life
149:establishment in
128:
127:
16:(Redirected from
1257:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1103:on 10 March 2016
1102:
1095:
1085:
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1067:
1065:
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1025:. Archived from
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61:24 December 1862
60:
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32:
31:
21:
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1129:on 22 June 2021
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1100:
1093:
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1074:Further reading
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1033:
1032:on 22 June 2021
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981:History Ireland
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867:10.2307/1394778
859:Feminist Review
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179:Killeavy Castle
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155:First World War
86:Alma mater
81:
78:
74:
65:
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56:
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37:
28:
23:
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15:
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773:(3): 189–195.
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498:
477:(3): 189–195.
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183:Poor Law Union
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107:Known for
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77:(aged 71)
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64:Newry, Ireland
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961:9781909556065
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935:Irish Citizen
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393:
391:
387:
386:Lillian Metge
381:
379:
375:
371:
370:Edward Carson
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
347:Dorothy Evans
344:
338:
336:
335:force feeding
332:
331:hunger strike
328:
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225:Passchendaele
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213:typhoid fever
209:
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202:gyneacologist
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175:County Armagh
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72:
68:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1131:. Retrieved
1124:the original
1105:. Retrieved
1098:the original
1081:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:the original
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1027:the original
1022:
1010:
1001:
989:. Retrieved
980:
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934:
929:
917:. Retrieved
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818:. Retrieved
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501:
474:
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433:
424:
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407:
394:
382:
362:nationalists
351:
339:
320:
289:
284:Isabella Tod
277:
269:
250:
238:
210:
187:
168:
130:
129:
75:(1934-07-09)
29:
1190:1934 deaths
1185:1862 births
991:22 November
440:Blue Plaque
374:Ulster Hall
73:9 July 1934
1179:Categories
680:4 November
650:BBC Guides
600:4 November
595:www.dib.ie
450:References
425:alma mater
404:Last years
300:Christabel
206:Manchester
99:Occupation
57:1862-12-24
875:0141-7789
748:0961-2025
558:0959-8138
438:placed a
358:Home-Rule
265:Gallipoli
1062:18 April
1036:15 April
985:Archived
913:Archived
797:29581632
576:29581632
493:29581632
147:Unionist
115:Movement
1133:9 March
1107:9 March
919:8 March
883:1394778
820:8 April
788:5849977
655:3 April
630:3 April
567:5849977
484:5849977
327:Belfast
151:Belfast
135:Ireland
958:
881:
873:
795:
785:
746:
703:
574:
564:
556:
491:
481:
427:, now
312:London
302:, and
296:Sylvia
227:, the
139:Ulster
102:Doctor
1127:(PDF)
1120:(PDF)
1101:(PDF)
1094:(PDF)
1030:(PDF)
1019:(PDF)
911:(1).
879:JSTOR
378:Evans
345:sent
304:Adela
261:ANZAC
257:Malta
171:Newry
93:(RUI)
1135:2016
1109:2016
1064:2019
1038:2019
993:2019
956:ISBN
921:2020
871:ISSN
822:2019
793:PMID
744:ISSN
701:ISBN
682:2022
657:2019
632:2019
602:2022
572:PMID
554:ISSN
489:PMID
410:RAMC
200:and
137:—in
70:Died
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