373:, but Petrie had only published information on 136 of the 2200 graves he excavated. Petrie's assistant Margaret Murray told Baumgartel that his original notebooks, containing the documentation on the rest of the tombs, had been destroyed. Nevertheless, Baumgartel set out to revise the chronology by re-examining objects from the Naqada tombs in museums around the world – a task that would take thirty years. When a number of Petrie's notebooks were found in a box under a telephone at UCL, Baumgartel prepared them for publication along with her now extensive catalogue of Naqada artefacts in collections. Unfortunately, it was not until after her death that the remainder of the notebooks were rediscovered; they were not destroyed after all.
341:. When the Petrie collection became available again after the war, she added a second volume and revised the first. In this landmark monograph, Baumgartel maintained her conviction that the prehistory of Egypt must be understood in the context of the regional archaeology, not through the "backwards-projection" of later texts. In particular, she challenged her teacher Kurt Sethe's thesis that Egyptian civilization originated in the
387:. However, by now her work was being heavily criticised for its reliance on now outdated diffusionist ideas, as well as her staunch insistence that Lower Egypt was a "cultural backwater" in the predynastic period, despite mounting evidence to the contrary in the form of new discoveries and the new technique of radiocarbon dating. The third edition was therefore never published.
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Upon the completion of her two volume study, Baumgartel relocated to the United States, helping her family to set up a confectionary factory. Together with compensation from the German government for property lost during the war, this made her financially secure for the rest of her life.
234:. She contended that the key to understanding Egypt's neglected prehistoric period was to put it in its wider regional context. To that end, her thesis analysed funerary traditions in Neolithic North Africa, arguing that North African
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seized power in
Germany in 1933, Baumgartel (who was Jewish) lost her state funding. She was forced to flee to England the following year. For a number of years her family (three children from an earlier marriage to art historian
314:, which was uncatalogued and poorly labelled. Glanville therefore enthusiastically accepted Baumgartel's offer, and arranged for her work to be supported by the Petrie collection's patron
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After organising and indexing the Petrie collection, Baumgartel intended to publish a full catalogue of the material. However, this work was interrupted by the outbreak of the
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to work on the lithic chronology of the southern
Mediterranean. During this time she participated in excavations, including at Wadi Sheik in Egypt and
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In 1964 Baumgartel returned to Oxford to work on cataloguing its lithic collection. Whilst there she worked on a chapter on predynastic Egypt for the
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arranged a grant for her to compile a bibliography of prehistoric Italy and Malta, and she also taught evening classes on the
Egyptian language for
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294:) was dependent on refugee charities. The archaeological and Egyptological communities in England rallied to obtain monetary support for her work:
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in the city's museums. After receiving her doctorate in 1927, she therefore obtained a scholarship to study under the noted French lithicist
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and joined a large community of refugee scholars. She modified her plans and, supported by a grant from the
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of predynastic Egypt (the only means of dating prehistoric archaeological remains before the advent of
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with the intention to study medicine, but became interested in
Egyptology, which she studied under
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402:, Vol.1 London, Oxford University Press, 1947; 2. Vol. 2 London, Oxford University Press, 1960.
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Baumgartel worked as Head of the
Egyptology Department at Manchester Museum from 1948-1950.
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in 1939, when the collections had to be moved to storage. Baumgartel herself relocated to
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Baumgartel had spent much of her time in Berlin cataloguing the extensive collections of
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302:(UCL). This however did not occupy much of her time, so in 1936 she approached
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Elise Jenny
Goldschmidt was born in Berlin on 5 October 1892, her father was
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In the course of her study
Baumgartel became convinced that Petrie's
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Donohue, V. A. (1977). "A Bibliography of Elise Jenny
Baumgartel".
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in Paris. For the next six years she was sponsored by the
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Jewish emigrants from Nazi
Germany to the United Kingdom
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446:Breaking Ground: Pioneering Women Archaeologists
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16:German Egyptologist and prehistorian (1892–1975)
390:Baumgartel died in Oxford on 28 October 1975.
198:who pioneered the study of the archaeology of
153:Tunis (Algier und Nachbargebeite) Neolithikum
606:People associated with the Ashmolean Museum
267:Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft
273:in Italy, and visited ancient and modern
616:German expatriates in the United States
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238:were the forerunners of early Egyptian
596:Academics of University College London
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357:Later career and the Naqada chronology
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601:Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford
339:The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt (I)
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586:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
439:"Elise Jenny Baumgartel (1892–1975)"
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487:"Refugees Scholars at Somerville"
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400:The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt
246:. This challenged the prevailing
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230:in her doctoral studies at the
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611:German expatriates in England
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385:Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt
281:Work on the Petrie collection
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491:Somerville College Archives
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581:Archaeologists from Berlin
525:10.1177/030751337706300106
329:, where she was hosted by
327:Somerville College, Oxford
631:20th-century German women
381:Cambridge Ancient History
300:University College London
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467:. Jewish Virtual Library
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232:University of Königsberg
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626:German women historians
138:Prehistoric archaeology
35:Elise Jenny Goldschmidt
214:. She enrolled at the
181:Elise Jenny Baumgartel
25:Elise Jenny Baumgartel
465:Encyclopaedia Judaica
461:"Elise J. Baumgartel"
242:, and ultimately the
571:German Egyptologists
331:Dame Lucy Sutherland
252:Grafton Elliot Smith
216:University of Berlin
89:University of Berlin
448:. Brown University.
312:Sir Flinders Petrie
224:Kurt Heinrich Sethe
459:Kahane, Penuel P.
367:radiocarbon dating
335:Griffith Institute
248:hyper-diffusionist
212:Rudolf Goldschmidt
437:Friedman, Renee.
304:Stephen Glanville
296:Sir John L. Myres
292:Hubert Baumgartel
200:predynastic Egypt
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494:. Retrieved
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206:Early career
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192:Egyptologist
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65:(1975-10-28)
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566:1975 deaths
561:1892 births
496:31 December
471:31 December
347:Upper Egypt
275:flint mines
228:archaeology
220:Adolf Erman
555:Categories
407:References
343:Nile Delta
287:Nazi Party
133:Egyptology
41:1892-10-05
541:192250460
519:: 48–51.
285:When the
250:views of
244:pyramids
240:mastabas
111:Children
533:3856298
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157:(1927)
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148:Thesis
126:Fields
103:Spouse
71:Oxford
49:Berlin
537:S2CID
529:JSTOR
442:(PDF)
394:Works
498:2016
473:2016
222:and
194:and
60:Died
31:Born
521:doi
186:née
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