618:, then chairman of the university's political science department, spoke with Bogart, met for over three hours with Noelle-Neumann, and called a departmental meeting about her on 16 October. Some at the university claimed Noelle-Neumann was being slandered, and Mearsheimer's colleagues were not of one opinion about the case. Mearsheimer, however, widely publicized his views concerning the allegations themselves and as they related to academic freedom and opposition to bigotry. "I believe Noelle-Neumann was an anti-Semite," Mearsheimer stated, "and was not forced to write the anti-Semitic words she published. Moreover, I believe that the anti-Semitic writers and publicists of Germany – to include Noelle-Neumann – jointly share some responsibility for the Holocaust. For this she owes an apology." "The thing to remember about the killing of the Jews," he said, "is that it was not done by a handful of people. … It was also a result of the Reich of normal – or of average – German citizens. Like Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann."
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650:"She has admitted she was not hostile to the Nazis before 1940. She says she was anti-Nazi after 1940, but has produced no evidence that she criticized the Nazis then. She wrote anti-Semitic words in 1938–41, and there is no evidence she was compelled to write them. Queried on her anti-Semitic writings, she told me: "I have never written anything in my life that I did not believe to be true."
614:, then a graduate student at the university, noticed the article and circulated it on campus prior to her arrival, igniting a vigorous debate on Noelle-Neumann's past. While the administration and students at the university, the local Jewish defense groups, and Chicago newspapers remained disengaged from the issue,
633:
Several years later, Noelle-Neumann's Nazi connection came under scrutiny from another
American academic, but she never explicitly apologized for her past. Interviewed on the subject in 1997, she said, "I did my duty and would do my duty again in a second life. I'd even say I was proud of what I did
602:
called the 24-year-old woman as an adjutant and intended her to build up, for the ministry of propaganda, Germany's first public opinion research organization. She declined, having fallen ill, which angered
Goebbels; she later became a newspaper journalist with Nazi publications where she wrote some
625:
Noelle-Neumann completed her visiting position in
Chicago in mid-December 1991 and returned to Germany. When some University of Chicago students learned that she was to return there on 13 March 1992, they called a rally to protest against her return. Reached by telephone at her office in Allensbach
589:
criticized Noelle-Neumann, accusing her of anti-Semitic passages in her dissertation and articles she wrote for Nazi newspapers. As a young woman, she had "superb credentials as an activist and leader" of Nazi youth and students' organizations, he wrote. In fact, when she published her 1940
621:
In private letters and in written responses, Noelle-Neumann acknowledged being in a Nazi student organization but denied being a Nazi. "I am anguished by the suffering of Jews in Nazi
Germany," she wrote. Bogart, Mearsheimer and others remained dissatisfied with her response.
1204:
490:
syndicate ran the
American media. She wrote, "Jews write in the papers, own them, have virtually monopolize the advertising agencies and can therefore open and shut the gates of advertising income as they wish." She was fired when she exchanged unfavourable photos of
568:
is those who express their opinions and thoughts, which is explained by the spiral of silence. In other words, exercise your right to free speech. Those who are unwilling to speak out for fear of being isolated or ostracised are at the bottom of the spiral.
462:. There she was registered as a "special student". Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann claimed countless times that she studied journalism for one year. But "special students" were not admitted to the Schools of Journalism, Law, or Medicine.
71:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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also came to this conclusion in her dissertation “Die
Studentinnen der Universität München 1926 to 1945”. The group photo shows an enthusiastic and friendly-looking Elisabeth Noelle directly behind Adolf
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am
Bodensee, Germany, on 10 March, Noelle-Neumann told a reporter she was unaware of the proposed rally but intended on coming to the university as planned. That day, her hosts at the
1504:
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442:, which she later called "one of the most intensive and strangest experiences in her life". As can be read in a newspaper article in the National Socialist student newspaper "
763:
518:, which today is one of the best known and most prestigious polling organizations in Germany. She, along with her husband, created the first German opinion-polling body.
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552:.This theory explains how people's opinions change or go unspoken in order to fit in with popular ideologies and avoid being singled out for holding opposing
505:
450:
students travelled to the
Obersalzberg to see Hitler and felt lucky when they were actually received and even invited for coffee. The doctoral student
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
611:
1122:, April 1992, pp. 11–12 (a letter signed by Political Science Department faculty at the University of Chicago, including John J. Mearsheimer and
1007:, 20 December 1991, p. 1; students on campus could be engaged in Holocaust issues: Douglas Wertheimer, "'Maroon' rejects Holocaust denier's ad,"
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Bogart's article appeared just weeks before Noelle-Neumann took up a visiting position in the
Political Science Department at the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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1158:, 10 March 1992, p. 21; D. Wertheimer, "Student protest planned with return of Noelle-Neumann to the U of C,"
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Die Studentinnen an der Universität München 1926 bis 1945. Auslese, Beschränkung, Indienstnahme, Reaktionen
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published Noelle-Neumann's article entitled "Who Informs America?" in which she propagated the idea that a
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1446:(contemporary documents, newspaper clippings and other archive resources about Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann)
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politician Erich Peter Neumann (1912–1973) from 1946 until his death. She was married to the physicist
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Douglas Wertheimer, "Jewish, university groups are silent on prof. at U of C with alleged Nazi past,"
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Douglas Wertheimer, "Jewish, university groups are silent on prof. at U of C with alleged Nazi past,"
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1210:, 27 August 1997, p. A13. Christopher Simpson, the American professor, claimed that Noelle-Neumann's
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dissertation in Germany, entitled "Opinion and mass research in the USA", having spent a year at the
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1397:"Findbuch Q 2/50: Fotojournalistisches Werk von Burghard HĂĽdig (* 1933 + 2020) - Strukturansicht"
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564:, which the theory does not account for, this theory has received mixed reviews. The top of the
984:, 1 November 1991; Shoshannah Cohen, "Charges against professor draw little student response,"
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Elisabeth Noelle was born to Ernst and Eve Noelle in 1916 in the Villa Noelle in
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announced that she had cancelled her appearance "in light of serious threats".
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1280:"Klage eines Ehepaars: Verfassungsgericht bestätigt Verbot von Dreifachnamen"
944:, 25 October 1991, p. 1; Andrea Wood, "Professors challenge Noelle-Neumann,"
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980:, 3 December 1991; Jacob Dallal, "Noelle-Neumann’s explanations troubling,"
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on 13 June 1937 with 23 other students, she by chance had an encounter with
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Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
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1205:"U.S. Professor's Criticism of German Scholar's Work Stirs Controversy,"
764:"Elisabeth Noelle Neumann: Pioneer of public-opinion polling and market"
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in Berlin/Germany, concentrating on public opinion research in the USA.
640:, Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago wrote in
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann as Nazi propagandist in US newspapers, 1938
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Ethan Putterman and Michael Kochin, letter, "Noelle-Neumann rally,"
1029:, 10 January 1992, section 1, page 2; Michael Miner response, p. 34.
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Zwischen Prognose und Macht. Zum Tode von Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann.
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961:, "U.C. prof’s Nazi-era writings bring call for a wider apology,"
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1137:, January 1992, pp. 17–18; Editorial, "The Professor's Silence,"
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John J. Mearsheimer, "Noelle-Neumann was a willing anti-Semite,"
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Landesarchiv Baden-WĂĽrttemberg, Abt. Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart
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back then because I opposed the Nazis by working from within."
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articles on Jewish influence over U.S. news and elite opinion.
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In: The Menorah Journal, 1938, vol. 26, issue 3, Page 353-361
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Academic staff of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
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Elizabeth Noelle, Special Student and Student of Journalism?
1307:„Ich habe die Engel gesehen" (i.e. "I beheld the angels.")
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Douglas Wertheimer, "Noelle-Neumann cancels U of C talk,"
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Douglas Wertheimer, "Noelle-Neumann cancels U of C talk,"
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She stayed in the US from 1937 to 1938 and studied at the
1141:, 15 November 1991, p. 4; Editorial, "Lest we remember,"
810:. MĂĽnchen, Nr. 25, 1937 Sondernr. Beilage: 15. June 1937.
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The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion – Our Social Skin
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A-Z Common Reference Questions for Academic Librarians
1118:, 28 December 1991, p. 12; "The Noelle-Neumann Case,"
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610:, where she had held similar appointments since 1978.
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Academic staff of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
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Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
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Ethan Putterman, "U of C silence a 'moral failure,'"
402:, which she also left one year later. She earned her
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Nazi exchange students at the University of Missouri
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1097:, 14 December 1991, p. 14; Noelle-Neumann, letter,
950:"Chicago Professor Is Linked to Anti-Semitic Past,"
308:. Her most famous contribution is the model of the
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a machine-translated version of the German article.
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695:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
521:From 1964 to 1983 she held a professorate at the
495:for better looking ones. She then worked for the
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304:(19 December 1916 – 25 March 2010) was a German
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316:. The model is an explanation of how perceived
938:Andrea Wood, "Professor rebuts Nazi charges,"
862:
320:can influence individual opinions or actions.
89:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
38:expand this article with text translated from
1319:"Allensbach-GrĂĽnderin Noelle-Neumann ist tot"
530:World Association for Public Opinion Research
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1133:, 28 December 1991, p. 12; Bogart, letter,
362:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1187:, "Noelle-Neumann cancels planned visit,"
101:{{Translated|de|Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann}}
548:Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann coined the term
382:Learn how and when to remove this message
1128:"Professor's Own Nazi Past Accuses Her,"
670:In an interview in the German newspaper
532:from 1978 to 1980 and worked as a guest
528:Noelle-Neumann was the president of the
141:Noelle-Neumann and Otto Schlecht at the
1214:was riddled with totalitarian ideology.
1114:John J. Mearsheimer, "Apology sought,"
667:(1911–2000) from 1979 until his death.
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1388:
1260:(in German). 26 March 2010. p. 02
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523:Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz
16:German political scientist (1916–2010)
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1495:Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
1475:20th-century German women scientists
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360:adding citations to reliable sources
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1092:"Accused Professor Was Not a Nazi,"
865:"Public Opinion and Social Control"
825:. Berlin: de Gruyter. p. 549.
707:Order of Merit of Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
472:In 1940 she briefly worked for the
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863:Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth (2013),
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515:Institut fĂĽr Demoskopie Allensbach
504:In 1947 she and her first husband
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907:"The Pollster & the Nazis,"
846:University of Missouri (1937).
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1565:Alumni of Schule Schloss Salem
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1470:20th-century German scientists
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1520:University of Chicago faculty
871:, Routledge, pp. 35–48,
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501:until it was banned in 1943.
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581:Allegations of anti-Semitism
428:Friedrich Wilhelm University
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1490:German political scientists
1480:20th-century German writers
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1444:The Noelle-Neumann Archive
1364:10.29085/9781783304134.028
1090:Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann,
967:, 30 November 1991, p. 14.
747:"Villa Noelle, Baudenkmal"
244:'s Medal of Merit (1990),
63:Machine translation, like
1243:, 27 August 1997, p. A13.
1145:, 20 December 1991, p. 4.
1081:, 15 November 1991, p. 2.
1055:, 20 December 1991, p. 19
1042:, 15 November 1991, p. 2.
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914:, August 1991, pp. 47–49.
806:"24 Mädels beim Führer".
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576:Spiral of Silence model
302:Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
143:Ludwig Erhard Foundation
129:Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann
1288:(in German). 5 May 2009
1227:, 27 August 2010, p. 4.
1020:Letter, D. Wertheimer,
877:10.4324/9780203125007-8
723:Gerhard Löwenthal Prize
659:She was married to the
510:public opinion research
258:Honor Award (issued by
110:For more guidance, see
1550:German women academics
1358:: 93–94. 31 May 2019.
1175:, 27 March 1992, p. 3.
1162:, 13 March 1992, p. 1.
1011:, 27 March 1992, p. 2.
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821:Umlauf, Petra (2016).
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460:University of Missouri
208:University of Missouri
1560:Women in Nazi Germany
1258:Die Tageszeitung: Taz
1191:, 3 April 1992, p. 9.
869:The Spiral of Silence
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608:University of Chicago
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538:University of Chicago
493:Franklin D. Roosevelt
112:Knowledge:Translation
83:copyright attribution
1395:Fricke, Dr. Thomas.
957:, 28 November 1991;
665:Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
661:Christian Democratic
646:on 16 December 1991:
356:improve this section
232:Great Cross of Merit
1515:Writers from Berlin
1225:Chicago Jewish Star
1173:Chicago Jewish Star
1160:Chicago Jewish Star
1143:Chicago Jewish Star
1139:Chicago Jewish Star
1103:Chicago Jewish Star
1079:Chicago Jewish Star
1053:Chicago Jewish Star
1040:Chicago Jewish Star
1009:Chicago Jewish Star
1005:Chicago Jewish Star
992:Chicago Jewish Star
926:Chicago Jewish Star
749:. 14 December 2016.
616:John J. Mearsheimer
556:Due to the lack of
540:from 1978 to 1991.
506:Erich Peter Neumann
498:Frankfurter Zeitung
434:. When she visited
400:Salem Castle School
306:political scientist
1510:Nazi propagandists
1485:German journalists
1241:The New York Times
1208:The New York Times
1131:The New York Times
1116:The New York Times
1095:The New York Times
954:The New York Times
643:The New York Times
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169:Kingdom of Prussia
91:interlanguage link
1373:978-1-78330-413-4
1212:Spiral of Silence
964:Chicago Sun-Times
886:978-0-203-12500-7
832:978-3-11-044478-0
770:. 23 October 2011
715:Award (issued by
550:spiral of silence
512:organization—the
482:. On 8 June 1941
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36:You can help
32:
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1405:. Retrieved
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901:
890:, retrieved
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808:Die Bewegung
807:
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772:. Retrieved
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703:Medal (1978)
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452:Petra Umlauf
444:Die Bewegung
440:Adolf Hitler
436:Obersalzberg
393:
378:
369:
354:Please help
342:
313:
301:
300:
290:Emil Dovifat
267:
185:(2010-03-25)
87:edit summary
78:
47:(March 2010)
45:
37:
18:
1465:2010 deaths
1460:1916 births
1403:(in German)
1327:(in German)
1285:Der Spiegel
1022:"Old News,"
892:28 February
562:rationality
554:Ideologies.
406:in 1935 in
1454:Categories
1135:Commentary
1120:Commentary
1099:Commentary
911:Commentary
774:5 December
734:References
587:Leo Bogart
508:founded a
476:newspaper
430:, and the
420:journalism
412:philosophy
191:Allensbach
157:1916-12-19
1382:241995946
585:In 1991,
534:professor
484:Das Reich
479:Das Reich
408:Göttingen
396:Grunewald
372:July 2020
343:does not
324:Biography
253:; 1990),
193:, Germany
105:talk page
42:in German
1324:Die Zeit
234:(1976),
81:provide
1407:7 April
1331:7 April
1292:7 April
1264:7 April
729:; 2006)
719:; 1990)
536:at the
455:Hitler.
426:at the
416:history
364:removed
349:sources
262:; 2006)
145:in 1991
103:to the
85:in the
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1380:
1370:
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709:(1990)
697:(1976)
688:Awards
678:angels
566:spiral
488:Jewish
422:, and
404:Abitur
274:Fields
228:Awards
165:Dahlem
1378:S2CID
717:WAPOR
467:Ph.D.
251:WAPOR
65:DeepL
1409:2022
1368:ISBN
1333:2022
1294:2022
1266:2022
894:2022
881:ISBN
827:ISBN
792:In:
776:2015
680:and
560:and
474:Nazi
448:ANSt
347:any
345:cite
180:Died
151:Born
79:must
77:You
58:View
1360:doi
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358:by
67:or
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