446:
48:
32:
2538:
2548:
2972:
1856:
742:, nominally specified a multi-party system that didn't designate vanguard role to any political party. Nonetheless, Ba'ath party remains the sole arbitror in publicizing electoral lists for candidacy. By theoretically permitting their activities, the government was able to mobilize recruits and militias from anti-opposition political parties at a time when regime's prospects for survival looked bleak in the
456:
513:
774:
In August 2011, President Assad signed Decree No. 101 on amending the
General Elections Law. The Law stipulates that elections are to be held with public, secret, direct and equal voting where each Syrian voter, eighteen years and older, has one vote. The Law does not allow army members and policemen
765:
Article 88 of 2012 constitution introduced presidential electoral limits to a maximum of one re-election. During the French
Mandate and after the independence, the parliamentary elections in Syria have been held under a system similar to the Lebanese one, with fixed representation for every religious
722:
were allowed, they were legally required to accept the leadership of the dominant party. The presidential candidate was appointed by the parliament, on suggestion of the Baath Party, and needed to be confirmed for a seven-year term in a national single-candidate referendum. The most recent
875:
2503:
1344:
1964:
1949:
886:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1959:
1954:
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1469:
718:
rallies conducted across the country extolling the regime, wherein supporters declare their "devotion" to the
President and celebrate "the virtues" of Assad dynasty. Although minor
723:
presidential referendum took place in 2021. The last two elections - held in 2014 and 2021 - were conducted only in areas controlled by the Syrian government during the country's
1702:
1506:
1286:
1739:
1416:
1335:
699:'s ascension to Presidency in 2000, which he regularly wins with overwhelming majority of votes. The elections are unanimously regarded by independent observers as a
695:
was legally allowed to hold effective power. A series of presidential elections organized by the cadres of the Ba'ath Party has been held every seven years since
1792:
779:
to monitor the elections and ensure its integrity, in addition to forming judicial sub-committees in every Syrian province affiliated with the higher committee.
248:
1543:
782:
In March 2015, President Assad signed
General Elections Law No.5 which replaced previous election laws. People's Assembly has been increasingly packed with
2136:
754:. An intense Ba'athification campaign has since been pursued with ideological vigor; by disbanding non-Ba'athist militias, sideling satellite parties of
421:
370:
253:
3264:
1822:
346:
71:
1710:
1514:
1777:
1724:
1528:
1491:
1454:
1240:
903:
1089:
1477:
852:
592:, is based in Damascus, the traditional capital. The Ba'athist government conducts Presidential elections and parliamentary elections to the
3589:
1115:
186:
1263:
599:
The elections in Syria are rigged by the Ba'ath party and unanimously regarded as a sham process by independent, international observers.
3240:
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1886:
775:
in service to participate in elections. It also provides for forming a higher judicial committee for elections, with its headquarters in
494:
3260:
2116:
1844:
1308:
342:
1994:
1566:"SANA Syrian News Agency - Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic Approved in Popular Referendum on February 27, 2012, Article 88"
2513:
1390:"SANA Syrian News Agency - Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic Approved in Popular Referendum on February 27, 2012, Article 8"
1294:
990:
3280:
2452:
335:
2584:
1746:
1423:
1367:
467:
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3228:
2427:
2146:
2141:
2131:
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1602:
1056:
739:
408:
218:
3450:
2179:
390:
386:
86:
81:
76:
1565:
1389:
603:'s 2022 Global report designates Syrian elections as a "facade" with the worst electoral integrity in the world alongside
2472:
537:
1149:
unanimous agreement among serious scholars that... al-Assad's 2014 election... occurred within an authoritarian context.
917:
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3273:
3247:
2074:
2069:
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2054:
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2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1989:
755:
636:
328:
322:
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307:
302:
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1881:
1876:
1657:
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community, including Druzes, Alawis and
Christians. In 1949 the system was modified, giving women the right to vote.
625:
555:
290:
285:
280:
1551:
3511:
3170:
142:
3637:
3396:
2597:
1652:, The Struggle For Power in Syria: Politics and Society Under Asad and the Ba'th Party, London, Croom Helm, 1979
950:
714:
and the state enforces voting as a compulsory duty on every citizen. Announcement of the results are followed by
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1941:
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gained military edge in its favour, the state relinquished the accommodations and effectively restored the
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528:
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Elections are officially designated as the event of "renewing the pledge of allegiance" to the
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91:
64:
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8:
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160:
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1213:
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2267:
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1868:
1817:
1668:
President al-Assad Issues
Legislative Decree on General Elections Law, SANA news agency
1617:
Albert H. Hourani, Minorities in the Arab World, London, Oxford
University Press, 1947
803:
787:
243:
206:
109:
1114:
Jones, Mark P. (2018). Herron, Erik S; Pekkanen, Robert J; Shugart, Matthew S (eds.).
3606:
3391:
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2860:
2815:
2668:
2547:
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2277:
1718:
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1485:
1131:
1062:
1052:
1003:
897:
719:
704:
523:
22:
3630:
3611:
3546:
3364:
3328:
3098:
2957:
2850:
2830:
2825:
2771:
2643:
2605:
1649:
1123:
927:
876:"2022. Year in Elections Global Report: 2019-2021. The Electoral Integrity Project"
799:
783:
751:
743:
724:
431:
190:
1594:
The Arab-American
Handbook: A Guide to the Arab, Arab-American & Muslim Worlds
3531:
3506:
3496:
3491:
3253:
2845:
2810:
2776:
2691:
1679:
696:
688:
585:
445:
403:
119:
3646:
3601:
3564:
3519:
3298:
3093:
3088:
2840:
2820:
2786:
2761:
1703:"Inside Syria's Clapping Chamber: Dynamics of the 2020 Parliamentary Elections"
1569:
1507:"Inside Syria's Clapping Chamber: Dynamics of the 2020 Parliamentary Elections"
1393:
1375:
589:
460:
148:
131:
1066:
3661:
3579:
3072:
3067:
3052:
2890:
2867:
2835:
2800:
2736:
2678:
2648:
2541:
1633:
Claude
Palazzoli, La Syrie - Le rêve et la rupture, Paris, Le Sycomore, 1977
795:
711:
700:
658:
376:
1102:
The Syrian election ranked as worst among all the contests held during 2014.
3401:
3062:
2873:
747:
715:
680:
3568:
3340:
3323:
2766:
2726:
2658:
2653:
2551:
666:
577:
450:
52:
47:
31:
2701:
2663:
791:
3047:
2756:
874:
Garnett, S. James, MacGregor, Holly Ann, Toby, Madison . (May 2022).
2157:
533:
Incorrect grammar, needs more citations, needs improved readability.
2696:
2686:
1287:"The one certainty about Syria's looming election – Assad will win"
991:"The one certainty about Syria's looming election – Assad will win"
776:
576:, which was part of the international wave of protest known as the
1368:"UN reiterates it is not involved in Syrian presidential election"
3501:
2562:
955:
790:
since the 2016 elections, as part of the state policy to instill
604:
679:) has 250 members elected for a four-year term in 15 multi-seat
3103:
3057:
2731:
2716:
1740:"Elections in Wartime: The Syrian People's Council (2016-2020)"
1417:"Elections in Wartime: The Syrian People's Council (2016-2020)"
1336:"Bashar al-Assad sworn in for a third term as Syrian president"
1264:"Democracy Damascus style: Assad the only choice in referendum"
1030:"Democracy Damascus style: Assad the only choice in referendum"
1470:"Al-Assad attempts to boost "Ba'ath" vigor to tighten control"
1309:"Syrians in Lebanon battle crowds to vote for Bashar al-Assad"
1080:
Norris, Pippa; Martinez i Coma, Ferran; Grömping, Max (2015).
2971:
2721:
2593:
1855:
1079:
569:
873:
2711:
1793:"Syria's 2020 parliamentary elections: The worst joke yet"
1214:"UK's William Hague attacks Assad's Syria elections plan"
1163:"Confident Assad launches new term in stronger position"
728:
1467:
1544:"How Assad Regime Tightened Syria's One-Party Rule"
1468:Abdul-Jalil, Moghrabi, Murad, Yamen (3 July 2020).
1189:"Assad seeks re-election as Syrian civil war rages"
1334:
918:"Syrians Vote For Assad in Uncontested Referendum"
3659:
1154:
1745:. European University Institute. Archived from
1422:. European University Institute. Archived from
758:and increasing Ba'athist representation in the
2578:
2173:
1838:
1752:on 29 January 2021 – via cadmus.eui.eu.
1429:on 29 January 2021 – via cadmus.eui.eu.
853:"Electoral Integrity Global Report 2019-2021"
488:
1818:IFES Election guide - Country profile: Syria
1737:
1723:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1701:Shaar, Akil, Karam, Samy (28 January 2021).
1527:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1505:Shaar, Akil, Karam, Samy (28 January 2021).
1490:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1414:
948:
902:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1738:Awad, Favier, Ziad, Agnès (30 April 2020).
1700:
1504:
1415:Awad, Favier, Ziad, Agnès (30 April 2020).
1051:. Yale University Press. pp. 140–141.
951:"Syria's opposition boycotts vote on Assad"
885:. University of East Anglia. Archived from
371:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates
2585:
2571:
2180:
2166:
1845:
1831:
1790:
630:
495:
481:
1776:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1453:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1241:"Syrians Vote in Presidential Referendum"
1046:
978:"Syrians Vote in Presidential Referendum"
619:
556:Learn how and when to remove this message
1365:
1120:The Oxford Handbook of Electoral Systems
1116:"Presidential and Legislative Elections"
942:
572:since 2011, following the events of the
3281:Popular Front for Change and Liberation
1238:
1160:
1128:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258658.001.0001
691:in which only one political party, the
336:Popular Front for Change and Liberation
3660:
1284:
3289:Political status of the Golan Heights
2566:
2187:
2161:
1826:
1590:
1541:
1261:
1186:
1113:
910:
1347:from the original on 11 January 2022
970:
506:
1677:
949:Yacoub Oweis, Khaleb (2007-05-17).
802:, repetitive voting and absence of
657:Syria elects on a national level a
652:
614:
13:
2592:
1861:Elections and referendums in Syria
1791:Abdel Nour, Aymen (24 July 2020).
1366:Kossaify, Ephrem (22 April 2021).
641:
637:2024 Syrian parliamentary election
14:
3679:
1811:
1542:Lucas, Scott (25 February 2021).
1004:"Syria's Assad wins another term"
626:2021 Syrian presidential election
568:A civil war has been going on in
2970:
2546:
2537:
2536:
1854:
1285:Chulov, Martin (13 April 2014).
1187:Evans, Dominic (28 April 2014).
1161:Makdisi, Marwan (16 July 2014).
989:Chulov, Martin (14 April 2014).
794:in the society. Elections are a
511:
454:
444:
46:
30:
1784:
1731:
1694:
1671:
1662:
1643:
1627:
1611:
1584:
1558:
1535:
1498:
1461:
1408:
1382:
1359:
1327:
1301:
1278:
1255:
1232:
1206:
1180:
1107:
1073:
1040:
825:
769:
53:Member State of the Arab League
2504:British Indian Ocean Territory
1239:Klatell, James (27 May 2007).
1022:
996:
983:
976:Klatell, James (27 May 2007).
867:
845:
816:
798:, characterized by wide-scale
1:
1082:"The Year in Elections, 2014"
838:
687:of 1973, Syria was a form of
3429:Energy and mineral resources
3229:Supreme Constitutional Court
1047:Cheeseman, Nicholas (2019).
219:Supreme Constitutional Court
7:
3451:Water supply and sanitation
3351:Weapons of mass destruction
3254:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
883:Electoral Integrity Project
857:Electoral Integrity Project
786:officers and commanders of
693:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
648:2022 Syrian local elections
601:Electoral Integrity Project
531:. The specific problem is:
427:Status of the Golan Heights
343:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
10:
3684:
3346:Chief of the General Staff
3274:National Progressive Front
2946:independent First Republic
1262:Black, Ian (28 May 2007).
1086:Election Integrity Project
859:. May 2022. Archived from
806:and verification systems.
756:National Progressive Front
738:of 2012, approved after a
645:
634:
623:
329:National Progressive Front
3624:
3545:
3472:
3463:
3421:
3372:
3363:
3314:
3129:
3120:
3081:
3030:
2992:
2988:
2979:
2968:
2900:
2883:
2785:
2677:
2631:
2613:
2604:
2532:
2491:
2451:
2193:
2109:
2083:
1940:
1867:
588:, son of previous leader
2253:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
809:
609:Central African Republic
2856:Principality of Antioch
2514:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1942:Parliamentary elections
1680:"Election Law in Syria"
631:Parliamentary elections
422:UN resolutions on Syria
3397:International rankings
3043:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
2707:Middle Assyrian Empire
1869:Presidential elections
1765:Cite journal requires
1442:Cite journal requires
1049:How to Rig an Election
620:Presidential elections
574:2011 Syrian Revolution
399:Syrian nationality law
387:Diplomatic missions of
249:Subdistricts (Nahiyas)
72:Preamble and Chapter 1
3202:Government ministries
2752:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1797:Middle East Institute
1707:Middle East Institute
1591:Shora, Nawar (2009).
1511:Middle East Institute
727:and condemned by the
703:and boycotted by the
214:High Judicial Council
156:Deputy Prime Minister
3514:(2011–present)
3410:Securities Exchange
3161:Council of Ministers
2916:Haj Fadel Government
2428:United Arab Emirates
1554:on 25 February 2021.
538:improve this article
527:to meet Knowledge's
3190:Golan Heights claim
2747:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2742:Syro-Hittite states
2632:Prehistorical Syria
2455:limited recognition
1803:on 28 January 2021.
1713:on 28 January 2021.
1572:on October 14, 2012
1517:on 28 January 2021.
1396:on October 14, 2012
1341:The Daily Telegraph
923:The Washington Post
863:on 9 December 2022.
736:Syrian constitution
729:United Nations (UN)
685:Syrian constitution
683:. According to the
161:Ali Abdullah Ayyoub
3668:Elections in Syria
3441:Telecommunications
3434:Petroleum industry
2938:Mandatory Republic
2884:Early modern Syria
2639:Levantine corridor
1682:. The Legal Agenda
804:voter registration
461:History portal
3655:
3654:
3620:
3619:
3459:
3458:
3359:
3358:
3248:Political parties
3185:Foreign relations
3116:
3115:
3112:
3111:
2966:
2965:
2926:Syrian Federation
2861:County of Tripoli
2816:Ikhshidid dynasty
2669:Yarmukian culture
2560:
2559:
2497:other territories
2188:Elections in Asia
2155:
2154:
1604:978-1-885942-47-0
1378:on 22 April 2021.
1058:978-0-300-24665-0
760:People's Assembly
725:ongoing civil war
594:People's Assembly
566:
565:
558:
529:quality standards
520:This article may
505:
504:
409:Visa requirements
364:Foreign relations
323:Political parties
273:Recent elections
181:People's Assembly
23:Politics of Syria
3675:
3640:
3633:
3515:
3470:
3469:
3413:
3412:(stock exchange)
3405:
3370:
3369:
3283:
3276:
3267:
3265:regional command
3256:
3127:
3126:
3099:Fertile Crescent
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2974:
2851:County of Edessa
2831:Mirdasid dynasty
2826:Hamdanid dynasty
2805:
2772:Palmyrene Empire
2757:Achaemenid Syria
2644:Natufian culture
2611:
2610:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2550:
2540:
2539:
2509:Christmas Island
2195:Sovereign states
2182:
2175:
2168:
2159:
2158:
1859:
1858:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1824:
1823:
1805:
1804:
1799:. Archived from
1788:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1751:
1744:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1714:
1709:. Archived from
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1650:Nikolaos van Dam
1647:
1641:
1631:
1625:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1568:. Archived from
1562:
1556:
1555:
1550:. Archived from
1539:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1518:
1513:. Archived from
1502:
1496:
1495:
1489:
1481:
1476:. Archived from
1465:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1428:
1421:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1392:. Archived from
1386:
1380:
1379:
1374:. Archived from
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1343:. 16 July 2014.
1338:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1297:on 21 June 2017.
1293:. Archived from
1282:
1276:
1275:
1274:on 6 April 2017.
1270:. Archived from
1259:
1253:
1252:
1251:on 6 April 2017.
1247:. Archived from
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1092:on 15 April 2021
1088:. Archived from
1077:
1071:
1070:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1000:
994:
987:
981:
974:
968:
967:
965:
964:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
928:Associated Press
914:
908:
907:
901:
893:
892:on 22 July 2022.
891:
880:
871:
865:
864:
849:
832:
829:
823:
820:
744:Syrian civil war
677:Majlis al-Sha'ab
672:People's Council
653:Election process
615:Latest elections
561:
554:
550:
547:
541:
515:
514:
507:
497:
490:
483:
459:
458:
457:
449:
448:
432:Syrian civil war
331:
193:
191:Hammouda Sabbagh
55:
51:
50:
34:
18:
17:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3616:
3541:
3527:Public holidays
3513:
3455:
3417:
3411:
3403:
3355:
3310:
3279:
3272:
3259:
3252:
3108:
3077:
3026:
2975:
2962:
2952:Second Republic
2896:
2879:
2846:Crusader states
2811:Tulunid dynasty
2804:(Bilad al-Sham)
2803:
2801:Caliphal Syria
2795:Muslim conquest
2781:
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2692:Akkadian Empire
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2084:Local elections
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1936:
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1480:on 6 July 2020.
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752:one-party state
697:Bashar al-Assad
689:one-party state
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1812:External links
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1597:. Cune Press.
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1036:. 28 May 2007.
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2891:Ottoman Syria
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1315:. 28 May 2014
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3382:Central Bank
3263: /
3224:High council
3207:Human rights
3179:
3134:Constitution
3012:Governorates
2910:Arab kingdom
2902:Modern Syria
2874:Mamluk Syria
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2493:Dependencies
2423:Turkmenistan
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2388:Saudi Arabia
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239:Governorates
232:Subdivisions
92:Human rights
65:Constitution
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3377:Agriculture
3334:air defense
3294:Nationalism
2954:(1950–1963)
2893:(1516–1918)
2876:(1260–1516)
2870:(1174–1260)
2767:Roman Syria
2659:Abu Hureyra
2654:Uruk period
2552:Asia portal
2453:States with
2373:Philippines
2313:South Korea
2308:North Korea
2203:Afghanistan
2110:Referendums
1686:25 November
1576:October 13,
1474:Enab Baladi
1400:October 13,
1351:17 December
980:. CBS News.
667:legislature
578:Arab Spring
540:if you can.
414:Visa policy
175:Legislature
3595:television
3477:Censorship
3404:(currency)
3236:Parliament
3195:Iskandaron
3139:Corruption
2702:Canaanites
2433:Uzbekistan
2408:Tajikistan
2323:Kyrgyzstan
2303:Kazakhstan
2223:Bangladesh
2213:Azerbaijan
1319:9 November
1067:1089560229
963:2021-10-11
959:. Damascus
839:References
792:militarism
740:referendum
705:opposition
582:government
375:Minister:
3537:Squatting
3512:refugees
3487:Education
3446:Transport
3387:Companies
3329:Air force
3306:Terrorism
3219:Judiciary
3180:Elections
3144:President
3048:Euphrates
3038:Al-Jazira
3022:Volcanoes
3007:Districts
2981:Geography
2958:Civil war
2948:(1946–50)
2940:(1930–46)
2934:(1925–30)
2928:(1922–25)
2519:Hong Kong
2473:Palestine
2398:Sri Lanka
2393:Singapore
2273:Indonesia
1372:Arab News
716:Ba'athist
665:- and a
663:president
546:June 2023
267:Elections
244:Districts
207:Judiciary
110:President
103:Executive
87:Chapter 4
82:Chapter 3
77:Chapter 2
3662:Category
3647:Category
3607:Religion
3532:Scouting
3507:diaspora
3392:Industry
3316:Military
3261:national
3241:Speakers
3122:Politics
3031:Features
2697:Arameans
2687:Amorites
2618:Timeline
2598:articles
2542:Category
2463:Abkhazia
2413:Thailand
2368:Pakistan
2348:Mongolia
2343:Maldives
2338:Malaysia
2238:Cambodia
1719:cite web
1523:cite web
1486:cite web
1345:Archived
1245:CBS News
1224:13 March
1218:BBC News
1198:13 March
1014:13 March
1008:BBC News
934:13 March
898:cite web
831:Sources:
822:Sources:
777:Damascus
734:The new
522:require
404:Passport
391:in Syria
254:Villages
3631:Outline
3612:Smoking
3565:Cuisine
3547:Culture
3465:Society
3365:Economy
3082:Related
3068:Orontes
2997:Borders
2606:History
2438:Vietnam
2353:Myanmar
2333:Lebanon
2263:Georgia
2218:Bahrain
2208:Armenia
1193:Reuters
1167:Reuters
956:Reuters
800:rigging
746:. Once
720:parties
605:Comoros
524:cleanup
187:Speaker
3555:Anthem
3502:People
3497:Hunger
3492:Health
3402:Pound
3104:Levant
3063:Hermon
3058:Hauran
3017:Rivers
3002:Cities
2912:(1920)
2732:Ugarit
2717:Yamhad
2596:
2483:Taiwan
2418:Turkey
2383:Russia
2318:Kuwait
2298:Jordan
2288:Israel
2248:Cyprus
2233:Brunei
2228:Bhutan
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1172:15 May
1143:21 May
1134:
1096:21 May
1065:
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669:. The
661:- the
580:. The
3638:Index
3602:Music
3590:State
3585:Media
3575:Films
3520:women
2797:(636)
2722:Qatna
2664:Aswad
2594:Syria
2524:Macau
2443:Yemen
2403:Syria
2378:Qatar
2358:Nepal
2293:Japan
2268:India
2258:Egypt
2243:China
1750:(PDF)
1743:(PDF)
1427:(PDF)
1420:(PDF)
890:(PDF)
879:(PDF)
810:Notes
570:Syria
3580:Flag
3569:wine
3341:Navy
3324:Army
3212:LGBT
3171:list
3149:list
2727:Mari
2712:Ebla
2363:Oman
2328:Laos
2283:Iraq
2278:Iran
2147:2012
2142:1973
2137:1971
2132:1961
2127:1958
2122:1953
2117:1949
2101:2022
2096:2018
2091:2011
2075:2024
2070:2020
2065:2016
2060:2012
2055:2007
2050:2003
2045:1998
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2030:1986
2025:1981
2020:1977
2015:1973
2010:1961
2005:1954
2000:1953
1995:1949
1990:1947
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1980:1936
1975:1932
1970:1931
1965:1928
1960:1926
1955:1923
1950:1919
1932:2021
1927:2014
1922:2007
1917:2000
1912:1999
1907:1991
1902:1985
1897:1978
1892:1971
1887:1958
1882:1953
1877:1949
1778:link
1771:help
1725:link
1688:2016
1654:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1599:ISBN
1578:2012
1529:link
1492:link
1455:link
1448:help
1402:2012
1353:2016
1321:2017
1226:2015
1200:2015
1174:2020
1145:2020
1132:ISBN
1098:2020
1063:OCLC
1053:ISBN
1016:2015
936:2015
904:link
607:and
313:2024
308:2020
303:2016
291:2021
286:2014
281:2007
143:list
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