620:. Defendants before these courts are entitled to the legal representation of their choice; the courts appoint lawyers for indigents. Defendants are presumed innocent; they are allowed to present evidence and to confront their accusers. Trials are public, except for those involving juveniles or sex offenses. Defendants may appeal their verdicts to a provincial appeals court and ultimately to the Court of Cassation. Such appeals are difficult to win because the courts do not provide verbatim transcripts of cases—only summaries prepared by the presiding judges. There are no juries.
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589:, is the highest court of appeals. It has the authority to resolve judicial issues. Below the Court of Cassation are courts of appeal, and at the lowest level are courts of first instance, designated variously as magistrate courts, summary courts, and peace courts. Also at the basic level were juvenile and other special courts and an administrative tribunal known as the Council of State.
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it does not hear appeals. The High
Constitutional Court is forbidden, however, to question the validity of the popularly approved "laws submitted by the President of the Republic to popular referendums". The court consists of the president and four judges he appoints to serve a renewable term of four years.
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and religious minorities. The
Islamic religious courts continue to function in some parts of the country, but their jurisdiction is limited to issues of personal status, such as marriage, divorce, paternity, custody of children, and inheritance. Nonetheless, in 1955 a personal code pertaining to many
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was established under the 1973 Constitution to adjudicate electoral disputes, rule on the constitutionality of a law or decree challenged by the president or People's
Council, and to render opinions on the constitutionality of bills, decrees, and regulations when requested to do so by the president;
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Military courts have the authority to try civilians as well as military personnel. The venue for a civilian defendant is decided by a military prosecutor. There were continuing reports that the
Government operates military field courts in locations outside established courtrooms. Such courts
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The two security courts are the
Supreme State Security Court (SSSC), which tries political and national security cases, and the Economic Security Court (ESC), which tries cases involving financial crimes. Both courts operate under the state of emergency, not ordinary law, and do not observe
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The Syrian judicial system is composed of the civil and criminal courts, military courts, security courts, and religious courts, which adjudicate matters of personal status such as divorce and inheritance.
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codes are primarily based on the French legal practices. Promulgated in 1949, those laws have special provisions sanctioned to limit application of customary law among
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aspects of personal status was developed. This law modified and modernized sharia by improving the status of women and clarifying the laws of inheritance.
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The appointment, transfer and dismissal of judges is handled by the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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1466:Council of Ministers
1221:Haj Fadel Government
721:. pp. 191–192.
713:. Washington, D.C.:
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2298:Dependencies
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2193:Saudi Arabia
1865:Coat of arms
1787:Demographics
1687:Central Bank
1568: /
1529:High council
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1512:Human rights
1439:Constitution
1317:Governorates
1215:Arab kingdom
1207:Modern Syria
1179:Mamluk Syria
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856:
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806:. Retrieved
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572:Court system
566:constitution
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523:Islamic laws
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237:Governorates
230:Subdivisions
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90:Human rights
63:Constitution
41:
2357:Asia portal
2258:States with
2178:Philippines
2118:South Korea
2113:North Korea
2008:Afghanistan
1682:Agriculture
1639:air defense
1599:Nationalism
1259:(1950–1963)
1198:(1516–1918)
1181:(1260–1516)
1175:(1174–1260)
1072:Roman Syria
964:Abu Hureyra
959:Uruk period
412:Visa policy
173:Legislature
2372:Categories
2238:Uzbekistan
2213:Tajikistan
2128:Kyrgyzstan
2108:Kazakhstan
2028:Bangladesh
2018:Azerbaijan
1900:television
1782:Censorship
1709:(currency)
1541:Parliament
1500:Iskandaron
1444:Corruption
1007:Canaanites
808:2021-10-20
663:References
531:commercial
373:Minister:
2324:Hong Kong
2278:Palestine
2203:Sri Lanka
2198:Singapore
2078:Indonesia
1842:Squatting
1817:refugees
1792:Education
1751:Transport
1692:Companies
1634:Air force
1611:Terrorism
1524:Judiciary
1485:Elections
1449:President
1353:Euphrates
1343:Al-Jazira
1327:Volcanoes
1312:Districts
1286:Geography
1263:Civil war
1253:(1946–50)
1245:(1930–46)
1239:(1925–30)
1233:(1922–25)
562:president
265:Elections
242:Districts
205:Judiciary
108:President
101:Executive
85:Chapter 4
80:Chapter 3
75:Chapter 2
2347:Category
2268:Abkhazia
2218:Thailand
2173:Pakistan
2153:Mongolia
2148:Maldives
2143:Malaysia
2043:Cambodia
1952:Category
1912:Religion
1837:Scouting
1812:diaspora
1697:Industry
1621:Military
1566:national
1546:Speakers
1427:Politics
1336:Features
1002:Arameans
992:Amorites
923:Timeline
903:articles
849:Archived
827:cite web
727:44250830
646:See also
587:Damascus
535:criminal
402:Passport
389:in Syria
252:Villages
2243:Vietnam
2158:Myanmar
2138:Lebanon
2068:Georgia
2023:Bahrain
2013:Armenia
1936:Outline
1917:Smoking
1870:Cuisine
1852:Culture
1770:Society
1670:Economy
1387:Related
1373:Orontes
1302:Borders
911:History
794:"Syria"
515:Ottoman
185:Speaker
2288:Taiwan
2223:Turkey
2188:Russia
2123:Kuwait
2103:Jordan
2093:Israel
2053:Cyprus
2038:Brunei
2033:Bhutan
1860:Anthem
1807:People
1802:Hunger
1797:Health
1707:Pound
1409:Levant
1368:Hermon
1363:Hauran
1322:Rivers
1307:Cities
1217:(1920)
1037:Ugarit
1022:Yamhad
901:
725:
539:beduin
525:. The
521:, and
519:French
2329:Macau
2248:Yemen
2208:Syria
2183:Qatar
2163:Nepal
2098:Japan
2073:India
2063:Egypt
2048:China
1943:Index
1907:Music
1895:State
1890:Media
1880:Films
1825:women
1102:(636)
1027:Qatna
969:Aswad
899:Syria
527:civil
511:Syria
2168:Oman
2133:Laos
2088:Iraq
2083:Iran
1885:Flag
1874:wine
1646:Navy
1629:Army
1517:LGBT
1476:list
1454:list
1032:Mari
1017:Ebla
858:SANA
833:link
751:link
723:OCLC
603:The
533:and
505:The
311:2024
306:2020
301:2016
289:2021
284:2014
279:2007
141:list
112:list
2300:and
509:of
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