785:, a Jewish resistance organization. This was the largest roundup in Slovakia and an example of Slovak collaboration. After the September operation, Einsatzkommando 29 established an office in the former Jewish Center (Edelgasse 6) to hunt down Jews in hiding. When Jews were captured, they were interrogated and tortured if they did not give the names and addresses of other Jews in hiding. The bodies of victims who were tortured to death were thrown into the Danube. This was staffed largely from members of the
871:
prosecuted under juvenile law in 1964. After being convicted for his role in the murder of a hostage, he was conditionally released and did not serve any time in prison. According to Czech historian Lenka Šindelářová, part of the failure to hold the perpetrators accountable was the lack of will on the part of German investigators, although the difficulty of obtaining evidence 20 years after the fact and
231:-aligned regime, and the government refused to continue with deportations. It was now evident to the Slovak population that Germany would not win the war, and high casualties on the Eastern Front caused many ordinary Slovaks and large sections of the army to turn against the fascist regime; many retreated to the mountains and formed
432:
for deportation. In many cases, the local authorities provided lists of Jews. By this time, the Jews knew that deportation meant probable death, so many tried to flee, go into hiding, or otherwise avoid arrest. The attitude of the local population was ambivalent; some risked their lives to hide Jews,
838:
with 5,304 victims shot by Axis forces in late 1944 and early 1945 were discovered; a quarter of the victims were women and children. Some 90 villages were razed. Of the approximately 25,000 Jews present in
Slovakia at the beginning of the uprising, 13,500 were deported—most of whom died—and several
870:
Fifteen judicial proceedings relating to the unit were opened in West
Germany, mostly relating to the deportation and murder of Slovak Jews. Only one man, Silvester Weiss, was ever indicted by a German court for crimes committed as part of the unit; he was born on 27 November 1925 in Slovakia and
332:
in
Slovakia. To this end, it intervened with the Slovak government and public life, carried out military actions against partisans, engaged in roundups, and committed massacres. The unit also submitted regular, detailed reports to Berlin concerning all aspects of life in Slovakia, including the
460:
H was largely due to denunciations and the cooperation of the POHG and the HS, were able to impersonate partisans due to their local knowledge and ability to speak Slovak. These collaborators participated in the massacres, aided with interrogations, and searched houses for Jews in hiding.
1653:
254:
in
Slovakia, and deport or murder the 25,000 ethnic Jews remaining in Slovakia. Most of these were converts to Christianity, in mixed marriages, deemed essential to the economy, or protected by other exemptions that had prevented their deportation in 1942. Because of the
1648:
773:, obtaining a list of Jews, with which they prepared the operation. On the night of 28 September, 1,600 or 1,800 Jews in Bratislava were arrested and held in the Jewish Council's headquarters until 6 am, when they were loaded onto freight cars and transported to
734:
and murdered in a nearby field. The bodies were buried in a shallow trench and exhumed ten days later after the
Germans were persuaded that it was a health hazard. Victims included several partisans and an entire Jewish family, including seven-year-old Ladislav
879:
H were convicted as accomplices to murder for crimes committed with other units, but these sentences were typically light; one person was sentenced to six years in jail for the murder of 28,450 people. Heuser, responsible for
859:, three in Yugoslavia, two in Poland, and one each in Austria, Slovakia, and France (the remainder were convicted by Germany) but these convictions were for other crimes. Most members of the unit avoided prosecution for
357:
H was drafted into active military actions, focusing on disarming Slovak Army units perceived to be unreliable. Due to his failure to suppress the uprising, Berger was recalled after three weeks and
General
476:
units. It was run from a central headquarters in
Bratislava, where Witiska maintained an office at Palisády 42 with about 160 personnel. At its peak, the unit had six subunits with stationary headquarters:
349:, who was appointed German military commander in Slovakia to suppress the uprising, and his superiors in Berlin, believed that the partisans would be defeated in a few days, despite warnings from
893:
456:(HS), to create an atmosphere of terror in rural Slovakia, perpetrating public executions and massacres of Jews, Romani people, and those suspected of supporting partisans. The success of
884:
14's massacres, rose to a senior position in the West German police service before being convicted for assisting in the murder of 11,000 people in and around Minsk as a member of the
520:
H officially, but the unit maintained the same personnel. A few days later, Witiska was promoted to the head of the SiPo and SD in
Slovakia, but maintained control over the unit.
493:
H for the entirety of their activities in
Slovakia; for instance, zb-V Kommando 27, which operated in eastern Slovakia from September 1944, was subordinated to the SD office in
3069:
1725:
Prečan, Vilém (2011). "The Slovak
National Uprising: the most dramatic moment in the nation's history". In Teich, Mikuláš; Kováč, Dušan; Brown, Martin D. (eds.).
3139:
219:, the persecution of Jews was "central to the domestic policy of the Slovak state". Between 26 March and 20 October 1942, about 57,000 Jews, two-thirds of the
2956:
1684:. Translated by Mensfeld, Jarek. Oświęcim and Banská Bystrica: Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum and Museum of the Slovak National Uprising. pp. 111–139.
642:
1680:(2002) . "The Deportation of Jewish Citizens from Slovakia in 1942". In Długoborski, Wacław; Tóth, Dezider; Teresa, Świebocka; Mensfelt, Jarek (eds.).
516:, but it was never under Wehrmacht operational control. On 15 November 1944, the unit was transferred to the control of the SD and ceased to be called
387:
3174:
3074:
847:
Witiska committed suicide in American captivity in 1946, in order to avoid being brought to trial in Czechoslovakia. Koslowski, the commander of
306:
113:
805:" (actual or suspected partisans), 2,186 defectors, 714 resistance members, 172 Romani people and 546 others. Of these, 2,257 were subjected to
1883:
603:
3124:
497:
until January 1945. Except for zb-V Kommando 15, dissolved in February, the units continued to exist until the occupation of Slovakia by the
489:
13 and 14 and zb-V Kommando 27 were newly formed, while the other units had been transferred from other duties. Not all were subordinated to
2907:
616:
235:
groups. Concerned about the increase in resistance and suspecting the loyalty of the Slovaks, Germany invaded Slovakia, precipitating the
3111:
608:
3026:
3344:
545:
was commanded by Otto Koslowski, Hans Jaskulsky, and then Karl Schmitz. 446 Jews were rounded up in western and central Slovakia by
3301:
1987:
3238:
3216:
1874:
1808:
1773:
216:
333:
military situation, Jews, public opinion, and culture. It exceeded its remit by targeting other groups, including partisans and
3288:
3021:
2522:
3349:
3255:
2693:
2474:
1937:
1870:
Days of remembrance, April 3–10, 1994: fifty years ago, darkness before dawn : planning guide for commemorative programs
1781:
1750:
1667:
141:. A special task force of more than 700 soldiers, it was created at the end of August 1944 to deport or murder the remaining
3359:
3036:
2771:
1627:
583:
2688:
289:
1839:
3390:
3031:
1820:
1614:[The mass murder at Krtična field near Brezno: One of the crimes committed by Einsatzkommando 14 in late 1944]
1558:
897:(End of the Extermination: the Einsatzgruppe H in Slovakia 1944/1945) in 2013. It was based on her dissertation at the
762:
1611:
3385:
1956:
1769:
1715:
1689:
1539:
1513:
3094:
2900:
441:
154:
1949:
Einsatzgruppe H: působení operační skupiny H na Slovensku 1944/1945 a poválečné trestní stíhání jejích příslušníků
3339:
3101:
2869:
1505:
208:
198:
88:
2988:
2635:
855:
in 1947. Twenty-two of the officers were convicted, four of them in Czechoslovakia for crimes committed in the
1659:
263:
wanted to deport Slovakia's remaining Jews to Auschwitz as soon as possible, as the camp would shut down its
359:
3323:
2804:
2320:
1980:
778:
420:
Most Jews were captured during roundups; either they were imprisoned at local prisons or else taken to the
1649:
Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933-1945
378:
Two days after the outbreak of the rebellion, Witiska met with Berger; the German ambassador to Slovakia,
2893:
2510:
2480:
2366:
2145:
694:
massacre, with some 900 victims. These massacres were committed in cooperation with the POHG and the HS.
2951:
2295:
2060:
781:
later that month, where most were murdered. Notably, the victims included most of the leadership of the
523:
Although the members of the unit were very diverse in terms of age, education, and affiliation with the
429:
2728:
2670:
2540:
2526:
2443:
1682:
The Tragedy of the Jews of Slovakia 1938–1945: Slovakia and the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question"
1502:
The Tragedy of the Jews of Slovakia 1938–1945: Slovakia and the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question"
243:
178:
157:
and arrested 18,937 people, of whom at least 2,257 were murdered; thousands of others were deported to
409:
in the Protectorate. The object of this meeting was to discuss how to implement a "radical solution" (
3296:
3084:
2916:
2763:
2553:
2514:
2200:
2180:
1903:
685:
3354:
3208:
3152:
3148:
3144:
2781:
2609:
2581:
2518:
2050:
1804:
782:
770:
452:
293:
236:
202:
158:
146:
2961:
2240:
681:
565:
On 13/14 September, the unit did a roundup in Žilina, arresting hundreds of Jews who were held in
3380:
3311:
2740:
2708:
2627:
2115:
1973:
1707:
1612:"Masová vražda na poli Krtičná pri Brezne: Jeden zo zločinov Einsatzkommanda 14 koncom roku 1944"
898:
675:
The unit was responsible for 2,876 murders, including the largest massacres on Slovak territory:
3273:
2397:
2270:
1812:
3231:
2874:
2839:
2260:
2185:
1927:
872:
1734:
3306:
2844:
2640:
664:, where it set up a temporary headquarters. In mid-September, the unit moved farther east to
597:
593:
540:
3268:
1796:
1726:
823:, as well as a few American and British military personnel and German soldiers suspected of
676:
573:
before their deportation to concentration camps, especially Auschwitz. Few survived the war.
2854:
2819:
2716:
1884:"Šindelářová, Lenka: Finale der Vernichtung. Die Einsatzgruppe H in der Slowakei 1944/1945"
1761:
891:
The topic of Einsatzgruppe H was understudied until the publication of Šindelářová's book,
634:
224:
2660:
2559:
366:, the rebel headquarters, fell on 27 October, and the partisans shifted their strategy to
8:
2966:
2748:
2545:
2402:
2265:
2100:
2030:
1831:
302:
256:
2993:
2451:
2407:
2205:
2120:
1797:
626:
558:
527:, most had previous experience with combat or rear-area operations. Some were Slovaks.
350:
329:
2285:
2245:
1965:
1500:
Długoborski, Wacław; Tóth, Dezider; Teresa, Świebocka; Mensfelt, Jarek, eds. (2002) .
669:
363:
2722:
2650:
2645:
2459:
2280:
2250:
2235:
2025:
1952:
1933:
1856:
1816:
1792:
1777:
1746:
1711:
1685:
1663:
1631:
1585:
1554:
1535:
1528:
1509:
812:
651:
647:
406:
400:
396:
392:
367:
1727:
3221:
3194:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3064:
2971:
2799:
2753:
2655:
2505:
2225:
2165:
2160:
2110:
2055:
1895:
1848:
1799:
The Holocaust and history: the known, the unknown, the disputed, and the reexamined
1738:
1577:
807:
713:
319:
315:
311:
220:
170:
142:
2589:
2387:
739:
3263:
2849:
2698:
2467:
2392:
2325:
2290:
2170:
2065:
2003:
1868:
1699:
802:
720:
612:
410:
383:
280:
232:
2859:
2080:
324:. Other German units were tasked with the military suppression of the uprising;
3243:
3134:
2864:
2532:
2371:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2315:
2215:
2190:
2095:
1997:
699:
661:
346:
251:
129:
63:
3169:
223:
at the time, were deported. Only a few hundred survived the war. In 1943, the
3374:
3278:
3226:
3129:
3119:
2932:
2814:
2794:
2683:
2599:
2435:
2341:
2310:
2195:
2085:
2070:
1860:
1742:
1635:
1589:
828:
766:
446:
334:
166:
2885:
2230:
1791:
Rothkirchen, Livia (1998). "Czech and Slovak Wartime Jewish Leadership". In
1598:
3164:
3089:
2809:
2617:
2594:
2487:
2361:
2300:
2275:
2255:
2210:
2150:
1899:
1677:
1523:
864:
820:
786:
212:
138:
134:
73:
1852:
1581:
1467:
1465:
1463:
801:
H's official records, the unit arrested 18,937 people: 9,653 Jews, 3,409 "
724:
182:
2220:
2175:
2155:
2090:
856:
709:(near Topoľčany), including women, children, and a four-month-old infant.
264:
228:
173:, and real or perceived political opponents. One of its component units,
1760:
Rajcan, Vanda; Vadkerty, Madeline; Hlavinka, Ján (2018). "Slovakia". In
927:
665:
3159:
2678:
2105:
2075:
1460:
835:
816:
719:
On 24 November the unit arrested 109 Romani people from the village of
524:
425:
379:
706:
691:
186:
2983:
2305:
1929:
Finale der Vernichtung: die Einsatzgruppe H in der Slowakei 1944/1945
1448:
894:
Finale der Vernichtung: die Einsatzgruppe H in der Slowakei 1944/1945
860:
824:
513:
162:
1888:
Bohemia: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur der Böhmischen Länder
1603:
Bohemia: Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur der Böhmischen Länder
915:
554:
494:
2998:
2789:
851:
13, was sentenced to death by a Czechoslovak court and executed in
746:
498:
1766:
Camps and Ghettos under European Regimes Aligned with Nazi Germany
1288:
1286:
875:
also prevented cases from coming to trial. A few other members of
774:
566:
3003:
888:. He was released after serving six years of a 15-year sentence.
885:
509:
H at one point, although the exact numbers cannot be determined.
502:
43:
1322:
1298:
1244:
1242:
3318:
3041:
1504:. Translated by Mensfeld, Jarek. Oświęcim and Banská Bystrica:
1283:
731:
1173:
1111:
1075:
749:
were shot along with their rescuer, and the house burned down.
1601:[The deportation of the Jews from Slovakia 1944–45].
1366:
1364:
1339:
1337:
1239:
1202:
1200:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1140:
1138:
698:
On 3 September, the unit conducted a hunt for hidden Jews in
657:
630:
570:
550:
260:
1932:(in German). Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
1477:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1229:
1227:
852:
815:). The unit captured the leaders of the uprising, Generals
285:
84:
53:
1361:
1334:
1212:
1197:
1150:
1135:
1123:
1087:
1063:
1007:
1005:
777:, arriving at 2 am on 30 September. They were deported to
730:
On 12 December, 31 people were removed from the prison in
1424:
1376:
1310:
1034:
1017:
992:
990:
963:
1412:
1266:
1224:
1053:
1051:
1049:
485:
13 and 14, and zb-V Kommandos 15, 27, and 29. Of these,
1995:
1185:
1002:
975:
738:
In January 1945, four alleged guerillas were hanged in
723:, including women and children, who were later shot at
297:
179:
two of the largest massacres in the history of Slovakia
1759:
1704:
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews
1599:"Die Deportation der Juden aus der Slowakei 1944-1945"
1454:
987:
933:
921:
834:
After the liberation of Slovakia by the Red Army, 211
353:
and others. Too few German troops were dispatched, so
1436:
1400:
1349:
1099:
1046:
951:
1388:
211:
proclaimed its independence under the protection of
1530:
Jews for Sale?: Nazi-Jewish Negotiations, 1933–1945
1254:
1733:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
1527:
939:
501:, at which point most of the personnel fled into
3372:
1576:(2). Translated by Greenwood, Naftali: 164–201.
705:On 11 September 1944, the unit shot 350 Jews at
1609:
1328:
1304:
1248:
745:Also in January, seven Jews found in hiding in
2915:
2901:
1981:
472:H was organized hierarchically as were other
1568:Fatran, Gila (1994). "The "Working Group"".
1508:and Museum of the Slovak National Uprising.
1832:"Einsatzgruppe H na povstaleckém Slovensku"
1829:
1790:
1471:
1370:
1292:
1218:
1206:
1179:
1167:
1144:
1129:
1117:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1028:
969:
672:in late October it moved to that location.
512:Organizationally, the unit was part of the
433:while others turned them in to the police.
2908:
2894:
1988:
1974:
1642:
1418:
1277:
769:. On 26 September, the Germans raided the
641:14 advanced behind the SS front-line unit
3345:Persecution of Czechs in the Slovak State
1881:
1698:
1483:
1233:
1011:
981:
1764:; White, Joseph R.; Hecker, Mel (eds.).
1643:Hutzelmann, Barbara (2018). "Slowakei".
1499:
1191:
625:H. Heuser had been the commander of the
417:) to the "Jewish question" in Slovakia.
296:, on 28 or 29 August. Its commander was
145:following the German suppression of the
1951:(in Czech). Banská Bystrica: Academia.
1875:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1809:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1774:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
1676:
1610:Hlavinka, Ján; Schvarc, Michal (2006).
957:
217:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3373:
1724:
1596:
1567:
1442:
1430:
1406:
1382:
1355:
1343:
1316:
1105:
1057:
1040:
996:
761:and local collaborators committed the
373:
2889:
2475:8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
1969:
1867:
1548:
1522:
1394:
1260:
945:
753:
712:On 3 October, 48 people were shot at
577:
530:
239:, which broke out on 29 August 1944.
1553:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1534:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1455:Rajcan, Vadkerty & Hlavinka 2018
934:Rajcan, Vadkerty & Hlavinka 2018
922:Rajcan, Vadkerty & Hlavinka 2018
278:H and its two main component units,
149:. During its seven-month existence,
633:, where he had helped organize the
505:. More than 700 soldiers served in
290:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
257:advance of the Red Army into Poland
13:
1919:
763:28 September roundup in Bratislava
553:prison before being deported from
83:To deport or murder the remaining
14:
3402:
1770:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos
690:, with at least 747 victims, and
635:mass shootings of Belarusian Jews
1645:Slowakei, Rumänien und Bulgarien
716:for alleged partisan activities.
442:Hlinka Guard Emergency Divisions
340:
328:H's main focus was to implement
227:turned many Slovaks against the
155:Hlinka Guard Emergency Divisions
153:H collaborated closely with the
3340:History of the Jews in Slovakia
2870:Special Prosecution Book-Poland
1506:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
863:and made successful careers in
839:hundred massacred in Slovakia.
584:Kremnička and Nemecká massacres
464:
450:paramilitary organization, the
428:, from which they were sent to
2636:Burning of the Riga synagogues
1570:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
405:, the commander of the SS and
165:). The victims included Jews,
1:
3239:Department of Special Affairs
904:
192:
1772:. Vol. 3. Bloomington:
1474:, pp. 593–594, 597–598.
779:Auschwitz concentration camp
284:s 13 and 14, were formed in
270:
7:
2481:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
2146:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
1947:Šindelářová, Lenka (2015).
1926:Šindelářová, Lenka (2013).
1830:Šindelářová, Lenka (2013).
1660:Institut für Zeitgeschichte
1329:Hlavinka & Schvarc 2006
1305:Hlavinka & Schvarc 2006
1249:Hlavinka & Schvarc 2006
292:) upon the outbreak of the
199:Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
10:
3407:
2541:Lithuanian Security Police
792:
581:
244:Reich Security Main Office
196:
3391:The Holocaust in Slovakia
3332:
3324:Nation's Memory Institute
3287:
3254:
3207:
3110:
3085:Freiwillige Schutzstaffel
3057:
3050:
3014:
2941:
2923:
2917:The Holocaust in Slovakia
2832:
2780:
2762:
2739:
2707:
2669:
2626:
2608:
2580:
2573:
2497:
2444:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
2427:
2420:
2380:
2334:
2129:
2039:
2018:
2011:
1628:National Memory Institute
1605:(in German) (37): 98–119.
842:
107:
102:
94:
79:
69:
59:
49:
39:
31:
23:
18:
3386:Slovak National Uprising
3355:Slovak National Uprising
2694:Ninth Fort November 1941
2296:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
2051:Humbert Achamer-Pifrader
1805:Indiana University Press
1795:; Peck, Abraham (eds.).
1743:10.1017/CBO9780511780141
1551:Rethinking the Holocaust
668:, and after the fall of
440:H collaborated with the
436:Following the uprising,
430:Sereď concentration camp
294:Slovak National Uprising
237:Slovak National Uprising
203:Slovak National Uprising
159:Nazi concentration camps
147:Slovak National Uprising
3350:Presidential exemptions
3312:Partisan Congress riots
3070:Central Economic Office
2116:Franz Walter Stahlecker
1882:Vondráček, Jan (2013).
1708:Oxford University Press
899:University of Stuttgart
621:, was the main unit of
3232:Michael Dov Weissmandl
3015:Massacres and roundups
2875:Einsatzgruppen reports
2840:List of Einsatzgruppen
2689:Kaunas 29 October 1941
2186:Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock
1900:10.18447/BoZ-2013-3889
1549:Bauer, Yehuda (2002).
873:statute of limitations
549:13; they were held at
414:
207:On 14 March 1939, the
169:, actual or suspected
3037:Kremnička and Nemecká
2772:Kremnička and Nemecká
2241:Waldemar Klingelhöfer
1853:10.51134/sod.2013.039
1762:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
1658:(in German). Munich:
1597:Fatran, Gila (1996).
582:Further information:
197:Further information:
3274:Karel František Koch
2855:Einsatzgruppen trial
2717:Operation Tannenberg
2398:Antanas Impulevičius
2271:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
1346:, pp. 107, 116.
1295:, pp. 592, 594.
225:defeat at Stalingrad
3360:Tiso's Holíč speech
3095:Emergency Divisions
2805:Kamianets-Podilskyi
2749:Gully of Petrushino
2266:Gustav Adolf Nosske
2101:Friedrich Panzinger
2031:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
1729:Slovakia in History
1582:10.1093/hgs/8.2.164
1486:, pp. 473–474.
1433:, pp. 227–228.
1385:, pp. 107–108.
1182:, pp. 593–595.
1120:, pp. 588–589.
1084:, pp. 587–588.
1043:, pp. 106–107.
936:, pp. 844–845.
559:concentration camps
444:(POHG) and a local
374:Anti-Jewish actions
303:Obersturmbannfuhrer
250:H to implement the
215:. According to the
133:, the paramilitary
3269:Pavel Peter Gojdič
3051:Major perpetrators
3027:List of transports
2452:Sicherheitspolizei
2408:Algirdas Klimaitis
2206:Friedrich Buchardt
2121:Bruno Streckenbach
1793:Berenbaum, Michael
1319:, p. 114-115.
759:Einsatzkommando 29
754:Einsatzkommando 29
677:Kremnička massacre
643:Kampfgruppe Schill
589:Einsatzkommando 14
578:Einsatzkommando 14
536:Einsatzkommando 13
531:Einsatzkommando 13
351:Karl Hermann Frank
330:the Final Solution
177:14, committed the
3368:
3367:
3203:
3202:
2942:Camps and prisons
2883:
2882:
2828:
2827:
2723:Intelligenzaktion
2569:
2568:
2560:Ypatingasis būrys
2460:Sicherheitsdienst
2416:
2415:
2281:Martin Sandberger
2251:Walter Kutschmann
2236:Friedrich Jeckeln
2026:Reinhard Heydrich
1939:978-3-534-73733-8
1783:978-0-253-02373-5
1752:978-1-139-49494-6
1669:978-3-11-036500-9
1331:, pp. 86–87.
1307:, pp. 84–85.
999:, pp. 98–99.
813:summary execution
601:
544:
386:of the RSHA; and
368:guerrilla warfare
119:
118:
3398:
3333:Related articles
3307:Topoľčany pogrom
3222:Gisi Fleischmann
3195:Dieter Wisliceny
3191:
3156:
3140:Augustín Morávek
3065:Abwehrgruppe 218
3055:
3054:
3022:1938 deportation
2929:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2887:
2886:
2754:Zmievskaya Balka
2684:Kaunas June 1941
2641:Dünamünde Action
2578:
2577:
2506:Schutzmannschaft
2425:
2424:
2226:Erich Isselhorst
2166:Wolfgang Birkner
2161:Ernst Biberstein
2133:Einsatzkommandos
2111:Heinrich Seetzen
2056:Walther Bierkamp
2016:
2015:
2004:Einsatzkommandos
1990:
1983:
1976:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1943:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1902:. Archived from
1878:
1864:
1836:
1826:
1802:
1787:
1756:
1732:
1721:
1700:Longerich, Peter
1695:
1673:
1657:
1639:
1617:
1606:
1593:
1564:
1545:
1533:
1519:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1472:Šindelářová 2013
1469:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1371:Šindelářová 2013
1368:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1293:Šindelářová 2013
1290:
1281:
1275:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1237:
1231:
1222:
1219:Šindelářová 2013
1216:
1210:
1207:Šindelářová 2013
1204:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1180:Šindelářová 2013
1177:
1171:
1168:Šindelářová 2013
1165:
1148:
1145:Šindelářová 2013
1142:
1133:
1130:Šindelářová 2013
1127:
1121:
1118:Šindelářová 2013
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1094:Šindelářová 2013
1091:
1085:
1082:Šindelářová 2013
1079:
1073:
1070:Šindelářová 2013
1067:
1061:
1055:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1029:Šindelářová 2013
1026:
1015:
1009:
1000:
994:
985:
979:
973:
970:Rothkirchen 1998
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
808:Sonderbehandlung
689:
655:
620:
591:
538:
487:Einsatzkommandos
483:Einsatzkommandos
415:radikalen Lösung
404:
323:
246:(RSHA) assigned
221:Jews in Slovakia
171:Slovak partisans
143:Jews in Slovakia
16:
15:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3328:
3283:
3264:Giuseppe Burzio
3250:
3199:
3177:
3142:
3106:
3102:Slovak Republic
3080:Einsatzgruppe H
3046:
3010:
2937:
2927:
2919:
2914:
2884:
2879:
2850:Commissar Order
2824:
2776:
2758:
2735:
2703:
2665:
2661:Liepāja (Šķēde)
2622:
2604:
2565:
2493:
2468:Ordnungspolizei
2412:
2393:Herberts Cukurs
2376:
2330:
2326:Udo von Woyrsch
2291:Hermann Schaper
2286:Emanuel Schäfer
2261:Josef Meisinger
2246:Wolfgang Kügler
2171:Helmut Bischoff
2138:Sonderkommandos
2136:
2131:
2125:
2066:Erich Ehrlinger
2041:
2035:
2007:
1994:
1959:
1946:
1940:
1925:
1922:
1920:Further reading
1917:
1909:
1907:
1894:(53): 473–476.
1834:
1823:
1803:. Bloomington:
1784:
1753:
1718:
1692:
1670:
1651:
1615:
1561:
1542:
1516:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1419:Hutzelmann 2018
1417:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1284:
1278:Hutzelmann 2018
1276:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1240:
1232:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1151:
1143:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1018:
1010:
1003:
995:
988:
980:
976:
968:
964:
956:
952:
944:
940:
932:
928:
920:
916:
907:
882:Einsatzkommando
849:Einsatzkommando
845:
795:
765:, organized by
756:
679:
670:Banská Bystrica
645:
639:Einsatzkommando
606:
602:, commanded by
586:
580:
547:Einsatzkommando
533:
467:
390:
384:Erich Ehrlinger
376:
364:Banská Bystrica
343:
309:
281:Einsatzkommando
273:
205:
195:
175:Einsatzkommando
127:was one of the
125:Einsatzgruppe H
122:
109:
89:Slovak Republic
19:Einsatzgruppe H
12:
11:
5:
3404:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3381:Einsatzgruppen
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3244:Karol Hochberg
3236:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3213:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3137:
3135:Alexander Mach
3132:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2890:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2865:Korherr Report
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:The Black Book
2842:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2543:
2538:
2530:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2431:
2429:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2403:Konrāds Kalējs
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2372:Albert Widmann
2369:
2367:Heinz Schubert
2364:
2359:
2357:Emil Haussmann
2354:
2352:Joachim Hamann
2349:
2347:Lothar Fendler
2344:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2316:Eduard Strauch
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2216:Gerhard Flesch
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2191:Otto Bradfisch
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2096:Otto Ohlendorf
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2043:Einsatzgruppen
2040:Commanders of
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2013:
2009:
2008:
1998:Einsatzgruppen
1993:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1944:
1938:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1879:
1865:
1847:(4): 582–603.
1840:Soudobé dějiny
1827:
1822:978-0253333742
1821:
1788:
1782:
1757:
1751:
1722:
1716:
1696:
1690:
1674:
1668:
1640:
1607:
1594:
1565:
1560:978-0300093001
1559:
1546:
1540:
1520:
1514:
1496:
1489:
1488:
1484:Vondráček 2013
1476:
1459:
1457:, p. 849.
1447:
1445:, p. 119.
1435:
1423:
1411:
1409:, p. 116.
1399:
1397:, p. 183.
1387:
1375:
1373:, p. 589.
1360:
1358:, p. 192.
1348:
1333:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1282:
1265:
1253:
1238:
1236:, p. 475.
1234:Vondráček 2013
1223:
1221:, p. 596.
1211:
1209:, p. 594.
1196:
1194:, p. 297.
1184:
1172:
1170:, p. 592.
1149:
1147:, p. 591.
1134:
1132:, p. 590.
1122:
1110:
1108:, p. 106.
1098:
1096:, p. 587.
1086:
1074:
1072:, p. 582.
1062:
1060:, p. 101.
1045:
1033:
1031:, p. 588.
1016:
1014:, p. 473.
1012:Vondráček 2013
1001:
986:
984:, p. 405.
982:Longerich 2010
974:
972:, p. 641.
962:
960:, p. 130.
950:
938:
926:
924:, p. 843.
913:
906:
903:
844:
841:
794:
791:
755:
752:
751:
750:
743:
736:
728:
717:
710:
703:
579:
576:
575:
574:
532:
529:
479:Sonderkommando
466:
463:
388:Erwin Weinmann
375:
372:
362:replaced him.
347:Gottlob Berger
342:
339:
272:
269:
252:Final Solution
194:
191:
130:Einsatzgruppen
120:
117:
116:
111:
105:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
64:Einsatzgruppen
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
41:
37:
36:
33:
29:
28:
25:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3403:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3227:Oskar Neumann
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3217:Working Group
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3209:Jewish Center
3206:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3175:Josef Witiska
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:Otomar Kubala
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Alois Brunner
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3075:Department 14
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2933:The Holocaust
2931:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:Mizocz Ghetto
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:Drobytsky Yar
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2600:Slutsk Affair
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:Łachwa Ghetto
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:Schutzstaffel
2433:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Viktors Arājs
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:Collaborators
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:August Becker
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:Other members
2333:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:Eugen Steimle
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
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2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:Werner Braune
2194:
2192:
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2179:
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2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2130:Commanders of
2128:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:Erich Naumann
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2071:Wilhelm Fuchs
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1960:
1958:9788020024275
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1906:on 2020-02-27
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1890:(in German).
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1862:
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1854:
1850:
1846:
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1801:
1800:
1794:
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1754:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1719:
1717:9780192804365
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1691:83-88526-15-4
1687:
1683:
1679:
1678:Kamenec, Ivan
1675:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1622:(in Slovak).
1621:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
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1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1541:9780300059137
1537:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1524:Bauer, Yehuda
1521:
1517:
1515:83-88526-15-4
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1485:
1480:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1432:
1427:
1421:, p. 44.
1420:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1379:
1372:
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1318:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1280:, p. 43.
1279:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1263:, p. 59.
1262:
1257:
1251:, p. 88.
1250:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1193:
1192:Appendix 2002
1188:
1181:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1102:
1095:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1013:
1008:
1006:
998:
993:
991:
983:
978:
971:
966:
959:
954:
948:, p. 69.
947:
942:
935:
930:
923:
918:
914:
912:
911:
902:
900:
896:
895:
889:
887:
883:
878:
877:Einsatzgruppe
874:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
840:
837:
832:
830:
829:homosexuality
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:
804:
800:
799:Einsatzgruppe
797:According to
790:
788:
784:
783:Working Group
780:
776:
772:
771:Jewish Center
768:
767:Alois Brunner
764:
760:
748:
744:
741:
740:Zlaté Moravce
737:
733:
729:
726:
722:
718:
715:
711:
708:
704:
701:
697:
696:
695:
693:
687:
683:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
653:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
623:Einsatzgruppe
618:
614:
610:
605:
599:
595:
590:
585:
572:
568:
564:
563:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
542:
537:
528:
526:
521:
519:
518:Einsatzgruppe
515:
510:
508:
507:Einsatzgruppe
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:Einsatzgruppe
488:
484:
480:
475:
474:Einsatzgruppe
471:
470:Einsatzgruppe
462:
459:
458:Einsatzgruppe
455:
454:
449:
448:
447:Volksdeutsche
443:
439:
438:Einsatzgruppe
434:
431:
427:
423:
422:Einsatzgruppe
418:
416:
412:
408:
402:
398:
394:
389:
385:
381:
371:
369:
365:
361:
360:Hermann Höfle
356:
355:Einsatzgruppe
352:
348:
341:Military role
338:
336:
335:Romani people
331:
327:
326:Einsatzgruppe
321:
317:
313:
308:
307:Josef Witiska
305:
304:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:
277:
276:Einsatzgruppe
268:
267:in November.
266:
262:
258:
253:
249:
248:Einsatzgruppe
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
204:
200:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
167:Romani people
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:Einsatzgruppe
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
131:
126:
121:Military unit
115:
114:Josef Witiska
112:
106:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
17:
3165:Vojtech Tuka
3090:Hlinka Guard
3079:
2948:In Slovakia
2860:Jäger Report
2810:Lviv pogroms
2729:
2721:
2618:Kalevi-Liiva
2595:Minsk Ghetto
2558:
2547:Rollkommando
2546:
2534:
2504:
2488:Sonderdienst
2486:
2479:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2447: (RSHA)
2442:
2434:
2362:Felix Landau
2321:Martin Weiss
2301:Erwin Schulz
2276:Walter Rauff
2256:Rudolf Lange
2211:Ernst Damzog
2201:Karl Brunner
2181:Walter Blume
2151:Gerhard Bast
2137:
2132:
2081:Bruno Müller
2042:
2002:
1996:
1948:
1928:
1908:. Retrieved
1904:the original
1891:
1887:
1869:
1844:
1843:(in Czech).
1838:
1798:
1765:
1728:
1703:
1681:
1644:
1623:
1620:Pamäť národa
1619:
1602:
1573:
1569:
1550:
1529:
1501:
1493:Bibliography
1492:
1491:
1479:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1351:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1256:
1214:
1187:
1175:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1089:
1077:
1065:
1036:
977:
965:
958:Kamenec 2002
953:
941:
929:
917:
909:
908:
892:
890:
881:
876:
869:
865:West Germany
848:
846:
833:
821:Rudolf Viest
806:
798:
796:
787:Heimatschutz
758:
757:
674:
638:
622:
604:Georg Heuser
588:
587:
561:in Germany.
546:
535:
534:
522:
517:
511:
506:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
469:
468:
465:Organization
457:
453:Heimatschutz
451:
445:
437:
435:
424:H office in
421:
419:
377:
354:
344:
325:
301:
279:
275:
274:
265:gas chambers
247:
241:
213:Nazi Germany
209:Slovak State
206:
174:
150:
139:Nazi Germany
135:death squads
128:
124:
123:
74:Paramilitary
3178: [
3170:Anton Vašek
3143: [
3125:Izidor Koso
3112:Individuals
2651:Pogulianski
2221:Ludwig Hahn
2176:Paul Blobel
2156:Rudolf Batz
2091:Arthur Nebe
2061:Horst Böhme
1811:. pp.
1652: [
1443:Fatran 1996
1431:Prečan 2011
1407:Fatran 1996
1383:Fatran 1996
1356:Fatran 1994
1344:Fatran 1996
1317:Fatran 1996
1106:Fatran 1996
1058:Fatran 1996
1041:Fatran 1996
997:Fatran 1996
857:Czech lands
836:mass graves
680: [
646: [
607: [
391: [
345:SS General
310: [
161:(primarily
27:August 1944
3375:Categories
3160:Jozef Tiso
3032:Bratislava
2980:Elsewhere
2679:Ninth Fort
2523:Lithuanian
2511:Belarusian
2498:Non-German
2231:Karl Jäger
2106:Otto Rasch
2076:Heinz Jost
1910:2019-12-07
1706:. Oxford:
1395:Bauer 2002
1261:USHMM 1994
946:Bauer 1994
905:References
861:war crimes
817:Jan Golian
525:Nazi Party
426:Bratislava
380:Hans Ludin
193:Background
110:commanders
103:Commanders
50:Allegiance
35:March 1945
3289:Aftermath
2984:Auschwitz
2800:Drohobycz
2730:AB-Aktion
2671:Lithuania
2527:Ukrainian
2306:Franz Six
1861:1210-7050
1636:1336-6297
1630:: 84–88.
1590:8756-6583
910:Citations
825:defeatism
725:Kremnička
700:Topoľčany
662:Topoľčany
514:Wehrmacht
271:Formation
183:Kremnička
163:Auschwitz
32:Disbanded
3302:Violence
3279:Oľšavica
3256:Rescuers
2999:Majdanek
2962:Patrónka
2790:Babi Yar
2764:Slovakia
2535:Kommando
2515:Estonian
2019:Director
1702:(2010).
1526:(1994).
747:Donovaly
666:Baťovany
499:Red Army
288:(in the
233:partisan
3004:Sobibor
2928:Part of
2833:Records
2782:Ukraine
2656:Rumbula
2646:Jelgava
2610:Estonia
2582:Belarus
2519:Latvian
1877:. 1994.
886:Gestapo
803:bandits
793:Summary
735:Ferenc.
707:Nemčice
692:Nemecká
503:Moravia
187:Nemecká
108:Notable
87:in the
44:Germany
40:Country
3319:Aliyah
3058:Groups
3042:Zvolen
2994:Lublin
2989:Bełżec
2967:Poprad
2957:Nováky
2741:Russia
2709:Poland
2699:Ponary
2628:Latvia
2574:Crimes
2549:Hamann
2533:Arajs
2471:(Orpo)
2455:(SiPo)
2428:German
2421:Groups
2012:People
1955:
1936:
1859:
1819:
1815:-646.
1780:
1749:
1737:–228.
1714:
1688:
1666:
1634:
1588:
1557:
1538:
1512:
843:Trials
732:Brezno
714:Martin
555:Žilina
495:Kraków
411:German
259:, the
60:Branch
24:Active
3190:]
3155:]
2972:Vyhne
2952:Sereď
2820:Odesa
1835:(PDF)
1656:]
1626:(2).
1616:(PDF)
775:Sereď
721:Ilija
688:]
658:Nitra
656:from
654:]
631:Minsk
619:]
571:Ilava
567:Sereď
551:Ilava
403:]
322:]
261:Nazis
181:, at
2463:(SD)
2439:(SS)
2001:and
1953:ISBN
1934:ISBN
1857:ISSN
1817:ISBN
1778:ISBN
1747:ISBN
1712:ISBN
1686:ISBN
1664:ISBN
1632:ISSN
1624:2006
1586:ISSN
1555:ISBN
1536:ISBN
1510:ISBN
853:Brno
819:and
627:SiPo
569:and
481:7a,
286:Brno
242:The
229:Axis
201:and
185:and
95:Size
85:Jews
80:Role
70:Type
54:Nazi
3297:SRP
2554:TDA
1896:doi
1849:doi
1813:629
1739:doi
1735:206
1578:doi
827:or
660:to
629:in
557:to
137:of
98:700
3377::
3188:sv
3186:;
3184:fr
3182:;
3180:de
3153:sk
3151:;
3149:de
3147:;
3145:cs
2525:,
2521:,
2517:,
2513:,
1892:53
1886:.
1873:.
1855:.
1845:XX
1837:.
1807:,
1776:.
1768:.
1745:.
1710:.
1662:.
1654:de
1647:.
1618:.
1584:.
1572:.
1462:^
1363:^
1336:^
1285:^
1268:^
1241:^
1226:^
1199:^
1152:^
1137:^
1048:^
1019:^
1004:^
989:^
901:.
867:.
831:.
789:.
686:sk
684:;
682:cs
652:sk
650:;
648:cs
637:.
617:ru
615:;
613:de
611:;
609:be
598:sk
596:,
594:cs
541:sk
413::
407:SD
401:sv
399:;
397:fr
395:;
393:de
382:;
370:.
337:.
320:sv
318:;
316:fr
314:;
312:de
298:SS
189:.
2909:e
2902:t
2895:v
2529:)
2509:(
2135:,
1989:e
1982:t
1975:v
1961:.
1942:.
1913:.
1898::
1863:.
1851::
1825:.
1786:.
1755:.
1741::
1720:.
1694:.
1672:.
1638:.
1592:.
1580::
1574:8
1563:.
1544:.
1518:.
811:(
742:.
727:.
702:.
600:)
592:(
543:)
539:(
300:-
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