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would leave many aged, sick, or child Jews who would become a burden on the gentile population. A deal was reached where the Slovak
Republic would pay 500 Reichsmark for each Jew deported, and in return, the Germans would deport entire families and promise that the Jews would never return. This was billed as a humanitarian measure that would keep Jewish families together; the Slovak fascist authorities claimed that they did not know that the Germans were systematically exterminating the Jews under its control. Some Jews were exempt from deportation, including those who had converted before 1939.
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974:. During those years, little or no Jewish life existed. Many Jews emigrated to Israel or the United States to regain their freedom of religion. After 1989, and with the peaceful breakup of Czechoslovakia and Slovak independence in 1993, there was some resurgence in Jewish life. However, most Jews were elderly, and younger ones largely assimilated through intermarriage.
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in 1867, many Jews had adopted
Hungarian language and customs to advance in society. Many Jews moved to cities and joined the professions; others remained in the countryside, mostly working as artisans, merchants, and shopkeepers. Their multilingualism helped them advance in business, but put them in
893:
ghetto. In all, German and Slovak authorities deported about 71,500 Jews from
Slovakia; about 65,000 of them were murdered or died in concentration camps. The overall figures are inexact, partly because many Jews did not identify themselves, but one 2006 estimate is that approximately 105,000 Slovak
843:
Originally, the Slovak government tried to make a deal with
Germany in October 1941 to deport its Jews as a substitute for providing Slovak workers to help the war effort. The initial terms were for 20,000 young men aged 16 and older for forced labour, but the Slovak government was concerned that it
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In the late 17th century and early 18th century, Jews began to return to their original cities and establish organized communities, though they were barred from many trading industries and often in conflict with non-Jews. In 1683, hundreds of Jews from
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218:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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affected Jewish businessmen and also increased economic antisemitism. Economic underdevelopment and perceptions of discrimination in
Czechoslovakia led a plurality (about one-third) of Slovaks to support the conservative,
1517:[Bandera eyes of historians – a third-Michal Smigel: killings of Jews and communists in northeastern Slovakia in 1945 – Kolbašovská tragedy] (in Slovak and Rusyn). Holosky. March 15, 2009. Archived from
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and were banned from intermarriage and many jobs. By 1940, more than 6,000 Jews had emigrated. By
October 1941, 15,000 Jews were expelled from Bratislava; many were sent to labor camps, including
873:. During the German occupation, up to 13,500 Slovak Jews were deported (mostly to Auschwitz where most of them were gassed upon arrival), principally through the Jewish transit camp in
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After the war, the number of Jews in
Slovakia was estimated to be 25,000. Most of them decided to emigrate. In February 1948, Communist rule was established after the
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824:, a Catholic priest, began a series of measures aimed against the Jews in the country, first excluding them from the military and government positions. The
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as the solution to
Slovakia's problems. The party began to emphasize antisemitism during the late 1930s following a wave of Jewish refugees from Austria in
2355:
2272:
1758:
Hutzelmann, Barbara (2018). "Einführung: Slowakei" [Introduction: Slovakia]. In
Hutzelmann, Barbara; Hausleitner, Mariana; Hazan, Souzana (eds.).
762:. During the rioting, professional Jewish boxers and wrestlers took to the streets to defend their neighborhoods from antisemitic gangs, and one of them,
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tried to stop the process through a mix of bribery and negotiation. However, some 58,000 Jews had already been deported by
October 1942, mostly to the
847:
The deportations of Jews from Slovakia started on March 25, 1942. Transports were halted on October 20, 1942. A group of Jewish activists known as the
1515:"Banderovci očami historikov – pohľad tretí Michal Šmigeľ: Vraždy Židov a komunistov na severovýchodnom Slovensku v roku 1945 – Kolbasovská tragédia"
952:, but something far worse—the robber’s anxiety that he might have to return Jewish property ," a view that has been endorsed by Czech-Slovak scholar
703:
broke out in the aftermath of the declaration of independence (1918–1920), although the violence was not nearly as serious as in Ukraine or Poland.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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In 1946, the Slovak writer Karel František Koch argued that the antisemitic incidents that he witnessed in Bratislava after the war were "not
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112:
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Klein-Pejšová, Rebekah (2009). "'Abandon Your Role as Exponents of the Magyars': Contested Jewish Loyalty in Interwar (Czecho)Slovakia".
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119:
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Bútorová, Zora; Bútora, Martin (August 1992). "Wariness Towards Jews as an Expression of Post-Communist Panic: The Case of Slovakia".
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564:, the majority of them engaged in commerce and money lending. In the early 15th century, a Jewish cemetery was established at
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1601:[Anti-Jewish riots in Bratislava (August 1946, August 1948) in the atmosphere of post-war antisemitism in Slovakia].
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667:. The Slovak Jews were not as integrated as the Jews in Bohemia and Moravia, preferring a traditional lifestyle. Traditional
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Lônčíková, Michala (2017). "Was the antisemitic propaganda a catalyst for tensions in the Slovak-Jewish relations?".
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Kulka, Erich (1989). "The Jews in Czechoslovakia between 1918 and 1968". In Stone, Norman; Strouhal, Eduard (eds.).
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The first transport was made up solely of 999 young women; it was also the first mass transport of Jews to Auschwitz
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According to the 2021 census of Slovakia, the Jewish community had 2,007 members, which is about 0.04% of the total
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Slovak Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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1599:"Protižidovské nepokoje v Bratislave (august 1946; august 1948) v atmosfére povojnového antisemitizmu na Slovensku"
889:. Deportations continued until March 31, 1945, when the last group of Jewish prisoners was taken from Sereď to the
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Jewish deportations resumed on September 30, 1944, after German troops occupied the Slovak territory to defeat the
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The Making of the Slovak People's Party: Religion, Nationalism and the Culture War in Early 20th-Century Europe
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Nižňanský, Eduard (2014). "On Relations between the Slovak Majority and Jewish Minority During World War II".
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DellaPergola, Sergio (2016). "World Jewish Population, 2015". In Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira M. (eds.).
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2148:""Because words are not deeds". Antisemitic Practice and Nationality Policies in Upper Hungary around 1900"
1996:
Paulovičová, Nina (2018). "Holocaust Memory and Antisemitism in Slovakia: The Postwar Era to the Present".
866:. More than 99% of the Jews deported from Slovakia in 1942 were murdered in the concentration death camps.
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and several thousands afterwards (mostly to the British Mandate of Palestine), but most were killed in the
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Die Verfolgung und Ermordung der europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland 1933-1945
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In reality, the Germans segregated the arrivals, and those unable to work were soon murdered.
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Europe on Trial: The Story of Collaboration, Resistance, and Retribution during World War II
587:, Jews were expelled from all major towns. In 1529, thirty Jews were burned at the stake in
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1998:
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Synagogue Architecture in Slovakia Towards Creating a Memorial Landscape of Lost Community
1571:[The mass execution in Sklené September 21, 1944 in a broader historical context]
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began to attack Jews, and the "Jewish Code" was passed in September 1941. Resembling the
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2015:
1975:
1938:
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Jelinek, Yeshayahu A. (1989). "Slovaks and the holocaust: Attempts at reconciliation".
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Ward, James Mace (2015). "The 1938 First Vienna Award and the Holocaust in Slovakia".
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Jewish communities emerged in the late eighteenth century following immigration from
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at the left). The Jewish cemetery in Bratislava was desecrated during the Holocaust.
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2007:
1930:
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993:(both: 0.04%). The Jewish population increased by 8 members since the 2011 census.
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1663:"Number of population by religious belief in all regions of the SR at 1. 1. 2021"
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882:
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675:), and a form of "national anti-Semitism" that accused Jews of sympathizing with
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In the Shadows of the Holocaust and Communism: Czech and Slovak Jews Since 1945
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1645:"Number of population by religious belief in the Slovak Republic at 1. 1. 2021"
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In the 1930s, antisemitic rioting and demonstrations broke out, incited by the
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riots and restrictions on their living imposed in Moravia. In 1700, a leading
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was joined by the stereotypical view of Jews as exploiters of poor Slovaks (
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Czechs, Slovaks and the Jews, 1938–48: Beyond Idealisation and Condemnation
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735:: HSĽS). HSĽS viewed minority groups such as Czechs, Hungarians, Jews, and
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was established in Bratislava and recognized by the government. Under the
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1569:"Masová exekúcia v Sklenom 21. septembra 1944 v širšom dejinnom kontexte"
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Quest. Issues in Contemporary Jewish History. Journal of Fondazione CDEC
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Rajcan, Vanda; Vadkerty, Madeline; Hlavinka, Ján (2018). "Slovakia". In
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goes back to the 11th century, when the first Jews settled in the area.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2034:"Conclusory Essay: Activists, Jews, The Little Czech Man, and Germans"
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Počet veriacich podľa sčítania obyvateľov, domov a bytov na Slovensku
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Camps and Ghettos under European Regimes Aligned with Nazi Germany
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proclaimed its independence in March 1939 under the protection of
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1544:[History of the Jews in the Slovak Republic (Part 15)].
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48 Jews were seriously injured. 13 anti-Jewish incidents called
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2076:. Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Vol. 3. Bloomington:
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as a destructive influence on the Slovak nation, and presented
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1136:. American Jewish Year Book. Vol. 115. pp. 273–364.
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Jews, or 77% of their prewar population, died during the war.
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985:(0.12% of the total population), followed by 311 members in
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took place between August 1 and 5, 1946, the biggest one in
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642:, Austria and Poland. The communities were affected by the
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1447:"How 1930s Fascism Created Today's Trendiest Self-Defense"
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in the mid-nineteenth century, eventually splitting into
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Gelissen, Rena Kornreich; Macadam, Heather Dune (1996).
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599:fled to the Hungarian Kingdom, seeking refuge from
476:Source: Data from Slovak and Czechoslovak censuses
100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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804:Some 5,000 Jews emigrated before the outbreak of
615:, Jews received many additional civil liberties.
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1192:"An overview of the history of Jews in Slovakia"
2166:The Story of the Jewish Community in Bratislava
1489:Rena's Promise: A Story of Sisters in Auschwitz
1484:
1198:. Slovak Jewish Heritage Center. Archived from
1869:Czechoslovakia: Crossroads and Crises, 1918–88
1683:
236:accompanying your translation by providing an
202:Click for important translation instructions.
189:expand this article with text translated from
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2220:
1828:
1812:Mapping Jewish Loyalties in Interwar Slovakia
1809:
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766:, would later use his experiences to develop
695:, Slovakia became part of the new country of
560:In the 14th century, about 800 Jews lived in
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1995:
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1068:Stolpersteine in the Banská Bystrica Region
528:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1058:History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
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2200:Nazi Camp Engerau in Bratislava-Petržalka
1972:
1920:
1814:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1354:
1303:
1063:History of the Jews in the Czech Republic
918:11 Jews were murdered by an unidentified
548:Learn how and when to remove this message
278:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
2072:; White, Joseph R.; Hecker, Mel (eds.).
1539:
1461:"Slovakia's Righteous among the Nations"
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907:
904:Postwar anti-Jewish violence in Slovakia
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747:and anti-Jewish laws passed by Hungary,
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2078:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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1239:"Slovakia Virtual Jewish History Tour"
1214:"Slovakia Virtual Jewish History Tour"
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2190:Jewish Community Museum in Bratislava
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2006:(1). Indiana University Press: 4–34.
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897:
832:, the Code required that Jews wear a
699:. In both parts of the new republic,
2139:Center for Jewish Studies Heidelberg
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1857:
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1542:"Dějiny Židů na Slovensku (Část 15)"
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1391:Rajcan, Vadkerty & Hlavinka 2018
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526:adding citations to reliable sources
493:
248:{{Translated|sk|Židia na Slovensku}}
171:
98:adding citations to reliable sources
69:
28:
2195:Chatam Sofer Memorial in Bratislava
1770:(in German). Vol. 13. Munich:
1445:Siegel, Nathan (November 6, 2014).
1166:
1003:List of East European Jews#Slovakia
945:in August 1946 and in August 1948.
820:, the pro-Nazi regime of President
788:Interior of the Jewish memorial in
379:Historical Slovak Jewish population
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2180:Concise Jewish History of Slovakia
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1073:Stolpersteine in the Trnava Region
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25:
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1579:(in Slovak): 4–13. Archived from
1048:History of the Jews in Bratislava
109:"History of the Jews in Slovakia"
44:This article has multiple issues.
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2749:
2236:
1760:Slowakei, Rumänien und Bulgarien
1686:Czechoslovak Sociological Review
1597:Šmigeľ, Michal (June 17, 2013).
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970:. It lasted until November 1989
887:Hlinka Guard Emergency Divisions
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733:Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana
715:in the 1920s. In the 1930s, the
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33:
2175:History of the Jews in Slovakia
1810:Klein-Pejšová, Rebekah (2015).
1764:Slovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria
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1190:Klein-Pejšová, Rebekah (2006).
1160:"World Jewish Population, 2015"
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618:
484:history of the Jews in Slovakia
85:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
2365:History of the Jews in Europe
2099:Holocaust and Genocide Studies
1858:Koch, Karel František (1946).
1743:. New Brunswick: Transaction.
1567:Schvarc, Michal (March 2007).
1231:
1206:
1134:American Jewish Year Book 2015
996:
246:You may also add the template
13:
1:
1935:10.1080/17504902.2016.1209839
1540:Mlynárik, Ján (August 2006).
1158:DellaPergola, Sergio (2016).
1118:
1007:List of Czech and Slovak Jews
968:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
796:(with the grave of the rabbi
1877:10.1007/978-1-349-10644-8_15
1243:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
1218:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
981:. About 839 of them live in
7:
2185:Jewish heritage of Slovakia
1605:(in Slovak). Archived from
1142:10.1007/978-3-319-24505-8_7
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922:group in September 1945 in
568:and was in use until 1892.
311:Židovská Street, Bratislava
10:
2800:
1739:Heitlinger, Alena (2011).
1000:
901:
862:in occupied Poland and to
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681:Czechoslovak national aims
575:caused sixteen Jews to be
210:Machine translation, like
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2371:
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1862:. Prague: Vladimír Žikeš.
1843:10.1017/S0364009409990043
1803:10.1080/13501678908577626
1162:. Berman Jewish DataBank.
780:The Holocaust in Slovakia
644:schism in Hungarian Jewry
583:, and in 1526, after the
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405:—
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191:the corresponding article
2168:An online exhibition by
2146:Szabó, Miloslav (2012).
2053:10.1179/174582107x190906
1493:. Boston: Beacon Press.
1089:
871:Slovak National uprising
707:accusations occurred in
371:Czech diaspora in Israel
2012:10.2979/antistud.2.1.02
1950:Lorman, Thomas (2019).
257:For more guidance, see
2414:Bosnia and Herzegovina
979:population of Slovakia
915:
801:
732:
669:religious antisemitism
631:
609:enlightened absolutism
2784:Jewish Slovak history
2070:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
1956:Bloomsbury Publishing
1896:Láníček, Jan (2013).
1791:Soviet Jewish Affairs
1714:. Boulder, Colorado:
911:
877:under the command of
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760:Slovak People's Party
725:Slovak People's Party
673:economic antisemitism
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357:Related ethnic groups
259:Knowledge:Translation
230:copyright attribution
2080:. pp. 842–852.
1999:Antisemitism Studies
1521:on September 5, 2017
1078:Religion in Slovakia
913:Synagogue in Trenčín
658:factions. Following
522:improve this section
94:improve this article
2652:States with limited
1871:. pp. 271–96.
1622:, pp. 131–132.
1586:on October 6, 2013.
989:and 210 members in
660:Jewish emancipation
654:, and more liberal
577:burned at the stake
380:
301:
2288:Carpathian Germans
2111:10.1093/hgs/dcv004
2030:Pynsent, Robert B.
1976:Yad Vashem Studies
1774:. pp. 18–45.
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898:After World War II
860:General Government
853:Operation Reinhard
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665:Slovak nationalism
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238:interlanguage link
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2087:978-0-253-02373-5
2032:(July 18, 2013).
1965:978-1-350-10938-4
1923:Holocaust Studies
1913:978-1-137-31747-6
1886:978-1-349-10646-2
1860:Slovo má lidskost
1821:978-0-253-01562-4
1781:978-3-11-049520-1
1750:978-1-4128-0927-6
1729:978-0-8133-4790-5
1609:on June 23, 2013.
1500:978-0-8070-7071-0
1465:www.yadvashem.org
1381:, pp. 6, 10.
1357:, pp. 49–50.
1345:, pp. 18–19.
1282:, pp. 47–48.
1202:on June 17, 2007.
1151:978-3-319-24503-4
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972:Velvet Revolution
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1475:
1473:
1471:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1421:Paulovičová 2018
1418:
1409:
1403:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1196:Synagoga Slovaca
1187:
1178:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1129:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1021:
962:
935:partisan pogroms
931:Topoľčany pogrom
722:ethnonationalist
717:Great Depression
650:(the majority),
585:Battle of Mohács
553:
546:
542:
539:
533:
502:
494:
394:
389:
381:
377:
317:Total population
309:
302:
294:
283:
276:
249:
243:
216:Google Translate
201:
197:
180:
179:
172:
165:
158:
154:
151:
145:
143:
102:
78:
70:
59:
37:
36:
29:
21:
18:Jews in Slovakia
2799:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2691:
2685:
2671:Northern Cyprus
2653:
2647:
2546:North Macedonia
2367:
2362:
2332:
2327:
2249:
2235:
2233:
2162:
2134:
2128:Borský, Maroš.
2088:
2036:
1966:
1914:
1887:
1822:
1782:
1751:
1730:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1667:www.scitanie.sk
1661:
1660:
1656:
1649:www.scitanie.sk
1643:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1483:
1479:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1412:
1404:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1343:Hutzelmann 2018
1341:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1319:Hutzelmann 2018
1317:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1268:Hutzelmann 2018
1266:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1152:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1053:Oberlander Jews
1038:
1033:
1031:
1026:Slovakia portal
1024:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1009:
999:
956:
906:
900:
883:Einsatzgruppe H
814:Slovak Republic
782:
776:
764:Imi Lichtenfeld
741:Slovak autonomy
689:
687:Interwar period
621:
554:
543:
537:
534:
519:
503:
492:
312:
300:יהודים סלובקיים
299:
298:Slovenskí Židia
297:
293:
284:
273:
272:
271:
266:
265:
264:
247:
241:
204:
181:
177:
166:
155:
149:
146:
103:
101:
91:
79:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2797:
2787:
2786:
2771:
2770:
2758:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2692:other entities
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2621:United Kingdom
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:Czech Republic
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2338:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2161:
2160:External links
2158:
2157:
2156:
2143:
2137:(PhD thesis).
2124:
2123:
2093:
2092:
2086:
2065:
2047:(2): 211–333.
2041:Central Europe
2025:
2024:
1993:
1970:
1964:
1947:
1929:(1–2): 76–98.
1918:
1912:
1892:
1891:
1885:
1864:
1855:
1826:
1820:
1807:
1786:
1780:
1755:
1749:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1716:Westview Press
1703:
1702:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1654:
1636:
1634:, p. 330.
1624:
1612:
1589:
1559:
1532:
1506:
1499:
1477:
1452:
1437:
1425:
1410:
1395:
1393:, p. 842.
1383:
1371:
1359:
1355:Nižňanský 2014
1347:
1335:
1323:
1308:
1304:Lônčíková 2017
1296:
1284:
1272:
1255:
1230:
1205:
1179:
1165:
1156:Reprinted as:
1150:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1040:Judaism portal
1029:
1013:
1010:
998:
995:
954:Robert Pynsent
899:
896:
834:yellow armband
830:Nuremberg Laws
778:Main article:
775:
772:
713:Šalavský Gemer
697:Czechoslovakia
688:
685:
663:conflict with
620:
617:
556:
555:
506:
504:
497:
491:
488:
478:
477:
473:
472:
469:
466:
462:
461:
458:
455:
451:
450:
447:
444:
440:
439:
436:
433:
429:
428:
425:
422:
418:
417:
414:
411:
407:
406:
403:
400:
396:
395:
390:
385:
374:
373:
363:Ashkenazi Jews
359:
358:
354:
353:
349:
348:
344:
343:
329:
328:
324:
323:
319:
318:
314:
313:
310:
291:
286:
285:
268:
267:
263:
262:
255:
244:
222:
219:
208:
205:
186:
185:
184:
182:
175:
168:
167:
82:
80:
73:
68:
42:
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2796:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Faroe Islands
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:South Ossetia
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Liechtenstein
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2243:Ethnic groups
2239:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2105:(1): 76–108.
2104:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1837:(2): 341–62.
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1603:Druhá svetová
1600:
1593:
1582:
1578:
1577:Pamät Národia
1570:
1563:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1502:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1481:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1448:
1441:
1435:, p. 87.
1434:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1408:, p. 79.
1407:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1380:
1375:
1369:, p. 31.
1368:
1363:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1333:, p. 35.
1332:
1327:
1321:, p. 19.
1320:
1315:
1313:
1306:, p. 85.
1305:
1300:
1294:, p. 48.
1293:
1288:
1281:
1276:
1270:, p. 18.
1269:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1161:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1124:
1108:
1099:
1095:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1030:
1027:
1016:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
991:Trnava Region
988:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
964:
960:
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
925:
921:
914:
910:
905:
895:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:Alois Brunner
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
857:
854:
850:
849:Working Group
845:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
799:
795:
791:
786:
781:
774:The Holocaust
771:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:Romani people
734:
730:
726:
723:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
630:
627:Synagogue in
625:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
552:
549:
541:
538:February 2017
531:
527:
523:
517:
516:
512:
507:This section
505:
501:
496:
495:
490:Early history
487:
485:
474:
470:
467:
464:
463:
459:
456:
453:
452:
448:
445:
442:
441:
437:
434:
431:
430:
426:
423:
420:
419:
415:
412:
409:
408:
404:
401:
398:
397:
391:
386:
383:
382:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
350:
345:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
320:
315:
308:
303:
290:
282:
279:
260:
256:
253:
245:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:
217:
213:
209:
207:
206:
200:
194:
192:
187:You can help
183:
174:
173:
164:
161:
153:
150:February 2017
142:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
114:
111: –
110:
106:
105:Find sources:
99:
95:
89:
88:
83:This article
81:
77:
72:
71:
66:
64:
57:
56:
51:
50:
45:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
2681:Transnistria
2585:
2322:
2151:
2130:
2102:
2098:
2073:
2044:
2040:
2003:
1997:
1983:(2): 47–90.
1980:
1974:
1951:
1926:
1922:
1902:. New York:
1898:
1868:
1859:
1834:
1830:
1811:
1797:(1): 57–68.
1794:
1790:
1763:
1759:
1740:
1711:
1708:Deák, István
1689:
1685:
1678:Bibliography
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1632:Pynsent 2013
1627:
1615:
1607:the original
1602:
1592:
1581:the original
1576:
1562:
1550:. Retrieved
1545:
1535:
1525:November 17,
1523:. Retrieved
1519:the original
1509:
1488:
1480:
1468:. Retrieved
1464:
1455:
1440:
1428:
1423:, p. 5.
1386:
1379:Láníček 2013
1374:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1331:Láníček 2013
1326:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1246:. Retrieved
1242:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:
1208:
1200:the original
1195:
1133:
1127:
1107:
1098:
976:
965:
950:antisemitism
947:
934:
928:
917:
868:
846:
842:
826:Hlinka Guard
818:Nazi Germany
812:. After the
806:World War II
803:
798:Chatam Sofer
757:
690:
633:
619:19th century
593:
570:
559:
544:
535:
520:Please help
508:
483:
481:
296:Slovak Jews
292:Ethnic group
289:
274:
234:edit summary
225:
196:
188:
156:
147:
137:
130:
123:
116:
104:
92:Please help
87:verification
84:
60:
53:
47:
46:Please help
43:
26:
2719:Isle of Man
2654:recognition
2606:Switzerland
2541:Netherlands
1552:February 9,
1548:(in Slovak)
1292:Lorman 2019
1280:Lorman 2019
1248:November 5,
1223:January 27,
1083:Judeo-Czech
997:Slovak Jews
957: [
856:death camps
705:Blood libel
693:World War I
573:blood libel
571:In 1494, a
198:(July 2018)
2576:San Marino
2536:Montenegro
2516:Luxembourg
2496:Kazakhstan
2399:Azerbaijan
2308:Bulgarians
2283:Ukrainians
2263:Hungarians
2170:Yad Vashem
1954:. London:
1831:AJS Review
1772:De Gruyter
1692:: 92–106.
1546:CS Magazín
1119:References
943:Bratislava
902:See also:
822:Jozef Tiso
790:Bratislava
679:and later
652:Status Quo
562:Bratislava
367:Czech Jews
120:newspapers
49:improve it
2709:Gibraltar
2511:Lithuania
2293:Moravians
2119:8756-6583
2061:144749278
2020:165383570
1989:0084-3296
1943:151817674
1851:159825448
1720:Routledge
1710:(2015) .
1620:Koch 1946
1433:Ward 2015
1406:Ward 2015
1367:Deák 2015
864:Auschwitz
810:Holocaust
768:Krav Maga
677:Hungarian
613:Joseph II
509:does not
327:Languages
252:talk page
193:in Slovak
55:talk page
2778:Category
2768:Slovakia
2729:Svalbard
2714:Guernsey
2661:Abkhazia
2636:Scotland
2591:Slovenia
2586:Slovakia
2561:Portugal
2419:Bulgaria
2303:Russians
2247:Slovakia
1904:Springer
1698:41133197
1470:July 17,
1085:language
1012:See also
924:Kolbasov
885:and the
794:Slovakia
648:Orthodox
347:Religion
228:provide
2756:Judaism
2742:Portals
2626:England
2616:Ukraine
2566:Romania
2526:Moldova
2484:Ireland
2479:Iceland
2474:Hungary
2464:Germany
2459:Georgia
2449:Finland
2444:Estonia
2439:Denmark
2424:Croatia
2409:Belgium
2404:Belarus
2394:Austria
2389:Armenia
2384:Andorra
2379:Albania
2258:Slovaks
1766:].
929:In the
891:Terezín
858:in the
753:Romania
711:and in
709:Trenčin
640:Moravia
636:Bohemia
629:Malacky
605:yeshiva
597:Moravia
589:Pezinok
566:Tisinec
530:removed
515:sources
449:+153.3%
413:136,737
402:135,918
352:Judaism
341:Yiddish
250:to the
232:in the
195:.
134:scholar
2724:Jersey
2666:Kosovo
2611:Turkey
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2581:Serbia
2571:Russia
2556:Poland
2551:Norway
2531:Monaco
2501:Latvia
2469:Greece
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2117:
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460:−13.5%
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337:Hebrew
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468:2,007
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