134:
Slovak soldiers went through the rows of victims and shot them one by one. Other soldiers stood guard around the perimeter to make sure that no one escaped. After some had been killed, others jumped into the trenches among the dead, however the soldiers went through and shot them. Evidence collected upon exhumation determined that some were suffocated to death. There were massacres on 5 November, 20 November (282 victims), 12 and 19 December, 5 and 20 January, and 19 February.
126:
2142:
175:
been threatened and coerced into participating in the massacre by German SD members and only shot over victims' heads. Other Slovak collaborators bragged about their murders, despite strict orders to keep the crimes confidential. Therefore, it is impossible to know the exact role that individual soldiers played in the massacre, but even those who did not shoot still contributed to the killings by guarding the perimeter and performing other auxiliary tasks.
190:
201:
according to
Israeli historian Gila Fatran, about 900 people were murdered. Einsatskommando 14's records indicate that 205 victims were "racially undesirable", 26 people were suspected of participating in the uprising, and a few of the victims were American, French, Soviet, and Romanian servicemen. The killings at Nemecká took place between 4 and 11 January 1945; both the Hlinka Guardsmen and Einsatzkommando 14 participated in the killings.
74:, and Romani people captured during roundups were temporarily held in the town's jail. The victims were then trucked to the murder sites at Kremnička and Nemecká, where they were shot. The majority of the 747 people shot at Kremnička were Jewish. Exact figures are not known for the Nemecká massacres, because the bodies were burned, but historians estimate a death toll of around 900, of whom most of the known victims were Jewish or Romani.
31:
213:. Some Slovak commentators have focused on the fact that Slovak collaborators killed non-Jewish Slovak citizens. According to Fatran, the murders at Kremnička came to symbolize the brutality of the suppression of the uprising. Kremnička and Nemecká were the largest war crimes committed on Slovak soil during World War II. The
174:
According to Slovak historian Anton Hruboň, about 5% of all members of the
Emergency Divisions actually participated in massacres. However, Slovak collaborators who had been present at Kremnička frequently lied about their involvement in order to avoid prosecution, for example claiming that they had
200:
The nearby village of Nemecká was chosen as an execution site due to its limestone kilns, which were used to cremate the corpses. Victims were taken from the prison in Banská Bystrica in trucks and shot, before being burned. Because the bodies were burned, the exact number of victims is unknown but
133:
Victims were placed in trucks and driven to Kremnička, where the partisans had dug anti-tank trenches. They were told to leave the trucks and were marched across a field to the trenches, where they were told to lie down. According to witnesses, the victims did not offer resistance. Both German and
112:
units which supported the uprising. When Banská Bystrica, the last opposition stronghold, fell on 27 October, Jews and Romani people as well as actual and suspected partisans were rounded up and held temporarily in an overcrowded prison with minimal food and water. Overall, about 4,000 people were
219:
214:
157:
1968:
1632:
1973:
1644:
1656:
1437:
990:
1313:
1976:
1060:
1835:
877:
673:
1700:
1851:
1095:
995:
767:
678:
1045:
1567:
1411:
1306:
828:
142:
1661:
1032:
3121:
1708:
947:
1265:
1695:
3106:
2178:
1222:
166:
162:
153:
3146:
2145:
2098:
2024:
1715:
1649:
1299:
1159:
1137:
585:
726:
489:
2713:
1758:
1209:
942:
507:
2884:
2665:
2064:
1270:
1176:
703:
618:
593:
562:
2003:
1920:
1280:
104:, the center of the uprising, and other partisan-controlled areas in central Slovakia. The Germans and local collaborators—
3116:
2879:
2029:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1402:
1766:
634:
3086:
1582:
952:
610:
3126:
2008:
581:
2069:
2057:
1915:
1341:
1015:
821:
147:
105:
55:
3060:
2074:
1668:
1514:
1260:
1022:
3091:
2826:
1878:
1843:
909:
3141:
1790:
92:
who opposed Nazi
Germany and the Axis-aligned Slovak government, Germany invaded Slovakia, precipitating the
2103:
2995:
2511:
2171:
1244:
17:
2701:
2671:
2557:
2336:
1822:
814:
2486:
2251:
1935:
872:
3101:
3096:
2919:
2861:
2731:
2717:
2634:
1963:
1688:
3136:
3131:
2954:
2744:
2705:
2391:
2371:
2046:
1925:
1217:
1005:
837:
747:
543:
2972:
2800:
2772:
2709:
2241:
1930:
1782:
1774:
1598:
1275:
1129:
1073:
1069:
1065:
93:
83:
63:
2431:
2127:
882:
3111:
2931:
2899:
2818:
2306:
2164:
1866:
1742:
1590:
1232:
2588:
2461:
1194:
3065:
3030:
2451:
2376:
1614:
1419:
1152:
787:
604:
137:
Of the 747 victims, 211 were women and 58 were children; half were Jewish. Two of the victims,
552:
3035:
2831:
1940:
1546:
1227:
674:"Umrela pre lásku: V decembri 1944 skončila v masovom hrobe významná slovenská intelektuálka"
1189:
3045:
3010:
2907:
1484:
573:
2851:
2750:
1814:
1385:
8:
2939:
2736:
2593:
2456:
2291:
2221:
887:
97:
2642:
2598:
2396:
2311:
1445:
914:
768:"História: V Kremničke a Nemeckej vraždili slovenskí gardisti s hitlerovcami"
531:
59:
2476:
2436:
2156:
1856:
513:
101:
67:
2913:
2841:
2836:
2650:
2471:
2441:
2426:
2216:
1806:
1423:
708:
653:
614:
589:
558:
503:
125:
42:
were a series of massacres committed between 5 November 1944 and 19 February 1945 in
1750:
308:
306:
304:
2990:
2944:
2846:
2696:
2416:
2356:
2351:
2301:
2246:
2110:
1798:
1683:
1637:
1480:
1142:
1115:
1108:
1104:
1100:
985:
892:
643:
89:
71:
2780:
2578:
1673:
683:
3040:
2889:
2658:
2583:
2516:
2481:
2361:
2256:
2194:
2120:
1871:
1606:
1500:
1488:
1361:
1291:
1184:
1000:
301:
114:
3050:
2271:
1349:
3055:
2723:
2562:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2506:
2406:
2381:
2286:
2188:
1322:
1164:
1055:
210:
1090:
3080:
3005:
2985:
2874:
2790:
2626:
2532:
2501:
2386:
2276:
2261:
1907:
1431:
1199:
1147:
1050:
1040:
853:
657:
96:, which broke out on 29 August 1944. Fearing a resumption of deportations to
2421:
1468:
806:
476:
3000:
2808:
2785:
2678:
2552:
2491:
2466:
2446:
2401:
2341:
2052:
1678:
1534:
1427:
1326:
1085:
1010:
51:
648:
629:
43:
2411:
2366:
2346:
2281:
2115:
1373:
138:
109:
1894:
572:
Rajcan, Vanda; Vadkerty, Madeline; Hlavinka, Ján (2018). "Slovakia". In
2869:
2296:
2266:
1522:
1080:
70:, a partisan stronghold; when the town fell, Jews, actual or suspected
1704:
786:
312:
194:
184:
47:
2496:
904:
606:
Finale der
Vernichtung: die Einsatzgruppe H in der Slowakei 1944/1945
453:
189:
481:
Bohemia: Zeitschrift für
Geschichte und Kultur der böhmischen Länder
2980:
919:
578:
Camps and
Ghettos under European Regimes Aligned with Nazi Germany
924:
1239:
962:
156:. Another well-known victim was the Slovak Jewish intellectual
277:
30:
479:[The deportation of the Jews from Slovakia 1944–45].
441:
267:
265:
193:
Memorial to the victims of the Slovak
National Uprising in
407:
405:
262:
2186:
378:
366:
318:
571:
477:"Die Deportation der Juden aus der Slowakei 1944–1945"
459:
289:
402:
330:
390:
354:
250:
27:
1944-45 massacres in Kremnička and Nemecká, Slovakia
794:(in Slovak). Museum of the Slovak National Uprising
417:
238:
1321:
342:
429:
3078:
2172:
1307:
836:
822:
704:"Slovenské katyne si strážia svoje tajomstvá"
627:
602:
447:
283:
630:"Einsatzgruppe H na povstaleckém Slovensku"
313:Museum of the Slovak National Uprising 2018
209:The event has been described as the Slovak
2179:
2165:
1314:
1300:
829:
815:
502:(in Slovak). Ružomberok: Historia nostra.
117:, but with help from local collaborators.
1266:Persecution of Czechs in the Slovak State
647:
129:Exhumed victims of the Kremnička massacre
120:
66:. During the uprising, many Jews fled to
576:; White, Joseph R.; Hecker, Mel (eds.).
554:The Second World War: A Complete History
215:Memorial of the Slovak National Uprising
188:
154:Jewish Parachutists of Mandate Palestine
124:
29:
2099:Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II
724:
701:
671:
586:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
550:
423:
348:
336:
178:
108:(POHG)—soon defeated the partisans and
14:
3079:
792:Múzeum Slovenského národného povstania
727:"Krvavá povíchrica v Ráztockej doline"
487:
474:
411:
396:
384:
372:
360:
324:
295:
271:
256:
244:
2666:8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
2160:
1295:
810:
745:
496:The Fifth Company of the Hlinka Guard
435:
88:In response to increased activity of
788:"Kultúrna pamiatka Pamätník Nemecká"
725:Jancura, Vladimír (7 January 2015).
460:Rajcan, Vadkerty & Hlavinka 2018
34:Memorial to the victims at Kremnička
2030:1st Czechoslovak Mixed Air Division
672:Getting, Peter (22 December 2017).
24:
611:Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft
25:
3158:
3122:Nazi war crimes in Czechoslovakia
702:Jancura, Vladimír (16 May 2010).
582:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos
62:following the suppression of the
2141:
2140:
204:
113:murdered in Slovakia, mostly by
106:Hlinka Guard Emergency Divisions
56:Hlinka Guard Emergency Divisions
3107:Holocaust massacres and pogroms
3061:Special Prosecution Book-Poland
1261:History of the Jews in Slovakia
551:Gilbert, Martin (1 June 2004).
40:Kremnička and Nemecká massacres
3147:February 1945 events in Europe
2827:Burning of the Riga synagogues
746:Schön, Jozef (16 March 2017).
13:
1:
1160:Department of Special Affairs
491:5. poľná rota Hlinkovej gardy
227:
77:
748:"Keď Slovák vraždil Slováka"
628:Šindelářová, Lenka (2013b).
603:Šindelářová, Lenka (2013a).
584:. Vol. 3. Bloomington:
7:
2672:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
2337:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
2025:1st Czechoslovak Army Corps
158:Alžbeta Göllnerová-Gwerková
10:
3163:
3117:Mass shootings in Slovakia
2732:Lithuanian Security Police
1689:Slovak Insurgent Air Force
1669:Jan Žižka partisan brigade
774:(in Slovak). 9 August 2016
182:
81:
3087:The Holocaust in Slovakia
3023:
2971:
2953:
2930:
2898:
2860:
2817:
2799:
2771:
2764:
2688:
2635:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
2618:
2611:
2571:
2525:
2320:
2230:
2209:
2202:
2136:
2091:
2047:Freiwillige Schutzstaffel
2038:
2017:
1969:1st Czechoslovak Division
1956:
1949:
1906:
1834:
1791:Bratislava–Brno Offensive
1735:
1728:
1625:
1575:
1566:
1513:
1461:
1410:
1401:
1340:
1333:
1253:
1245:Nation's Memory Institute
1208:
1175:
1128:
1031:
1006:Freiwillige Schutzstaffel
978:
971:
935:
862:
844:
838:The Holocaust in Slovakia
483:(in German) (37): 98–119.
3127:Slovak National Uprising
2885:Ninth Fort November 1941
2487:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
2242:Humbert Achamer-Pifrader
1936:Sereď concentration camp
1657:Jan Hus partisan brigade
1599:Slovak National Uprising
1276:Slovak National Uprising
609:(in German). Darmstadt:
94:Slovak National Uprising
84:Slovak National Uprising
64:Slovak National Uprising
2307:Franz Walter Stahlecker
2004:11th Infantry Battalion
1271:Presidential exemptions
1233:Partisan Congress riots
991:Central Economic Office
224:is located in Nemecká.
3066:Einsatzgruppen reports
3031:List of Einsatzgruppen
2880:Kaunas 29 October 1941
2377:Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock
1645:Czech National Council
1420:Konstantin von Neurath
1153:Michael Dov Weissmandl
936:Massacres and roundups
642:(4). Prague: 582–603.
488:Hruboň, Anton (2010).
197:
130:
121:Massacres at Kremnička
35:
3092:Massacres in Slovakia
2963:Kremnička and Nemecká
2432:Waldemar Klingelhöfer
1941:Theresienstadt Ghetto
1887:Kremnička and Nemecká
1391:Chief of Intelligence
958:Kremnička and Nemecká
649:10.51134/sod.2013.039
574:Megargee, Geoffrey P.
475:Fatran, Gila (1996).
192:
183:Further information:
128:
82:Further information:
33:
3142:November 1944 events
3046:Einsatzgruppen trial
2908:Operation Tannenberg
2589:Antanas Impulevičius
2462:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
2009:1st Armoured Brigade
1195:Karel František Koch
179:Massacres at Nemecká
100:, many Jews fled to
2996:Kamianets-Podilskyi
2940:Gully of Petrushino
2457:Gustav Adolf Nosske
2292:Friedrich Panzinger
2222:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
2058:Emergency Divisions
1964:Czechoslovak Legion
1931:Carpathian Ruthenia
1591:Vrba–Wetzler report
1552:Minister of Defence
1342:Government-in-exile
1281:Tiso's Holíč speech
1016:Emergency Divisions
286:, pp. 105–106.
274:, pp. 114–115.
98:extermination camps
2643:Sicherheitspolizei
2599:Algirdas Klimaitis
2397:Friedrich Buchardt
2312:Bruno Streckenbach
1767:Čajánek's barracks
1446:Karl Hermann Frank
1190:Pavel Peter Gojdič
972:Major perpetrators
948:List of transports
509:978-80-9700-80-2-4
327:, pp. 41, 44.
198:
131:
60:Einsatzkommando 14
36:
3102:Massacres in 1945
3097:Massacres in 1944
3074:
3073:
3019:
3018:
2914:Intelligenzaktion
2760:
2759:
2751:Ypatingasis būrys
2651:Sicherheitsdienst
2607:
2606:
2472:Martin Sandberger
2442:Walter Kutschmann
2427:Friedrich Jeckeln
2217:Reinhard Heydrich
2154:
2153:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1863:
1848:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1724:
1723:
1653:
1641:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1587:
1562:
1561:
1509:
1508:
1424:Reinhard Heydrich
1386:František Moravec
1289:
1288:
1124:
1123:
863:Camps and prisons
620:978-3-534-73733-8
595:978-0-253-02373-5
564:978-0-8050-7623-3
448:Šindelářová 2013b
387:, pp. 44–45.
375:, pp. 43–44.
298:, pp. 41–43.
284:Šindelářová 2013a
16:(Redirected from
3154:
3137:1945 in Slovakia
3132:1944 in Slovakia
2945:Zmievskaya Balka
2875:Kaunas June 1941
2832:Dünamünde Action
2769:
2768:
2697:Schutzmannschaft
2616:
2615:
2417:Erich Isselhorst
2357:Wolfgang Birkner
2352:Ernst Biberstein
2324:Einsatzkommandos
2302:Heinrich Seetzen
2247:Walther Bierkamp
2207:
2206:
2195:Einsatzkommandos
2181:
2174:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2144:
2143:
2128:Western betrayal
2111:Munich Agreement
2070:Slovak Air Force
1954:
1953:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1861:
1860:
1846:
1825:
1817:
1809:
1801:
1799:Prague Offensive
1793:
1785:
1777:
1775:Slovak–Hungarian
1769:
1761:
1759:Carpatho-Ukraine
1753:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1712:
1684:Slovak partisans
1665:
1647:
1635:
1633:Council of Three
1609:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1573:
1572:
1547:Ferdinand Čatloš
1408:
1407:
1379:foreign minister
1338:
1337:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1254:Related articles
1228:Topoľčany pogrom
1143:Gisi Fleischmann
1116:Dieter Wisliceny
1112:
1077:
1061:Augustín Morávek
986:Abwehrgruppe 218
976:
975:
943:1938 deportation
850:
831:
824:
817:
808:
807:
803:
801:
799:
783:
781:
779:
763:
761:
759:
742:
740:
738:
721:
719:
717:
698:
696:
694:
687:
661:
651:
624:
599:
568:
547:
541:
537:
535:
527:
525:
524:
518:
512:. Archived from
501:
484:
463:
457:
451:
445:
439:
433:
427:
421:
415:
409:
400:
394:
388:
382:
376:
370:
364:
358:
352:
346:
340:
334:
328:
322:
316:
310:
299:
293:
287:
281:
275:
269:
260:
254:
248:
242:
223:
170:
151:
90:Slovak partisans
72:Slovak partisans
21:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3041:Commissar Order
3015:
2967:
2949:
2926:
2894:
2856:
2852:Liepāja (Šķēde)
2813:
2795:
2756:
2684:
2659:Ordnungspolizei
2603:
2584:Herberts Cukurs
2567:
2521:
2517:Udo von Woyrsch
2482:Hermann Schaper
2477:Emanuel Schäfer
2452:Josef Meisinger
2437:Wolfgang Kügler
2362:Helmut Bischoff
2329:Sonderkommandos
2327:
2322:
2316:
2257:Erich Ehrlinger
2232:
2226:
2198:
2185:
2155:
2150:
2132:
2121:Sudeten Germans
2079:
2065:Government Army
2034:
2013:
1945:
1902:
1854:
1830:
1720:
1698:
1659:
1621:
1607:Prague uprising
1558:
1515:Slovak Republic
1505:
1501:Emanuel Moravec
1489:Richard Bienert
1485:Jaroslav Krejčí
1457:
1451:Chief of Police
1438:Reichsprotektor
1397:
1329:
1320:
1290:
1285:
1249:
1204:
1185:Giuseppe Burzio
1171:
1120:
1098:
1063:
1027:
1023:Slovak Republic
1001:Einsatzgruppe H
967:
931:
858:
848:
840:
835:
797:
795:
777:
775:
766:
757:
755:
736:
734:
715:
713:
692:
690:
681:
621:
596:
565:
539:
538:
529:
528:
522:
520:
516:
510:
499:
466:
458:
454:
446:
442:
434:
430:
422:
418:
410:
403:
395:
391:
383:
379:
371:
367:
359:
355:
347:
343:
335:
331:
323:
319:
311:
302:
294:
290:
282:
278:
270:
263:
255:
251:
243:
239:
230:
217:
207:
187:
181:
160:
145:
123:
115:Einsatzgruppe H
102:Banská Bystrica
86:
80:
68:Banská Bystrica
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3160:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3112:Einsatzgruppen
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3056:Korherr Report
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3036:The Black Book
3033:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2742:
2734:
2729:
2721:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2663:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2622:
2620:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2594:Konrāds Kalējs
2591:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2563:Albert Widmann
2560:
2558:Heinz Schubert
2555:
2550:
2548:Emil Haussmann
2545:
2543:Joachim Hamann
2540:
2538:Lothar Fendler
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2507:Eduard Strauch
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2407:Gerhard Flesch
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2382:Otto Bradfisch
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2287:Otto Ohlendorf
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2234:Einsatzgruppen
2231:Commanders of
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2189:Einsatzgruppen
2184:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2161:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2050:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1849:
1840:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1772:
1764:
1756:
1748:
1739:
1737:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1654:
1642:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1604:
1596:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1540:Prime Minister
1532:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1494:Prime minister
1478:
1477:
1476:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1416:
1414:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1367:Prime Minister
1359:
1358:
1357:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1323:Czechoslovakia
1319:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1165:Karol Hochberg
1157:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1134:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1058:
1056:Alexander Mach
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
982:
980:
973:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
939:
937:
933:
932:
930:
929:
928:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
898:
897:
896:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
866:
864:
860:
859:
857:
856:
851:
845:
842:
841:
834:
833:
826:
819:
811:
805:
804:
784:
764:
743:
722:
699:
663:
662:
635:Soudobé dějiny
625:
619:
600:
594:
569:
563:
548:
540:|journal=
508:
485:
465:
464:
462:, p. 849.
452:
450:, p. 592.
440:
428:
416:
414:, p. 115.
401:
389:
377:
365:
353:
341:
339:, p. 611.
329:
317:
300:
288:
276:
261:
259:, p. 101.
249:
236:
229:
226:
206:
203:
180:
177:
122:
119:
79:
76:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3159:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Mizocz Ghetto
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2986:Drobytsky Yar
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2791:Slutsk Affair
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:Łachwa Ghetto
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:Schutzstaffel
2624:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:Viktors Arājs
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:Collaborators
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:August Becker
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:Other members
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2502:Eugen Steimle
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:Werner Braune
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2325:
2321:Commanders of
2319:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:Erich Naumann
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2262:Wilhelm Fuchs
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1824:
1821:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1716:Working Group
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1674:Obrana národa
1672:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1432:Wilhelm Frick
1429:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Oskar Neumann
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:Working Group
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1130:Jewish Center
1127:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1096:Josef Witiska
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1051:Otomar Kubala
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:Alois Brunner
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
996:Department 14
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
977:
974:
970:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
938:
934:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
900:
899:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
868:
867:
865:
861:
855:
854:The Holocaust
852:
847:
846:
843:
839:
832:
827:
825:
820:
818:
813:
812:
809:
793:
789:
785:
773:
769:
765:
753:
749:
744:
732:
728:
723:
711:
710:
705:
700:
688:
685:
680:
675:
670:
669:
668:
667:
659:
655:
650:
645:
641:
637:
636:
631:
626:
622:
616:
612:
608:
607:
601:
597:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
566:
560:
557:. Macmillan.
556:
555:
549:
545:
533:
519:on 2015-09-24
515:
511:
505:
497:
493:
492:
486:
482:
478:
473:
472:
471:
470:
469:Print sources
461:
456:
449:
444:
437:
432:
425:
420:
413:
408:
406:
399:, p. 44.
398:
393:
386:
381:
374:
369:
363:, p. 40.
362:
357:
350:
345:
338:
333:
326:
321:
314:
309:
307:
305:
297:
292:
285:
280:
273:
268:
266:
258:
253:
247:, p. 99.
246:
241:
237:
235:
234:
225:
221:
216:
212:
205:Commemoration
202:
196:
191:
186:
176:
172:
168:
164:
159:
155:
149:
144:
140:
135:
127:
118:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
85:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
3051:Jäger Report
3001:Lviv pogroms
2962:
2920:
2912:
2809:Kalevi-Liiva
2786:Minsk Ghetto
2749:
2738:Rollkommando
2737:
2725:
2695:
2679:Sonderdienst
2677:
2670:
2657:
2649:
2641:
2638: (RSHA)
2633:
2625:
2553:Felix Landau
2512:Martin Weiss
2492:Erwin Schulz
2467:Walter Rauff
2447:Rudolf Lange
2402:Ernst Damzog
2392:Karl Brunner
2372:Walter Blume
2342:Gerhard Bast
2328:
2323:
2272:Bruno Müller
2233:
2193:
2187:
2104:
2053:Hlinka Guard
2045:
1921:Protectorate
1886:
1852:Heydrichiáda
1679:Out Distance
1551:
1539:
1535:Vojtech Tuka
1527:
1493:
1473:
1450:
1436:
1428:Kurt Daluege
1403:Protectorate
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1350:Edvard Beneš
1327:World War II
1086:Vojtech Tuka
1011:Hlinka Guard
957:
869:In Slovakia
796:. Retrieved
791:
776:. Retrieved
772:Bystricoviny
771:
756:. Retrieved
751:
735:. Retrieved
730:
714:. Retrieved
707:
691:. Retrieved
677:
665:
664:
639:
638:(in Czech).
633:
605:
577:
553:
521:. Retrieved
514:the original
495:
490:
480:
468:
467:
455:
443:
431:
424:Jancura 2010
419:
392:
380:
368:
356:
349:Getting 2017
344:
337:Gilbert 2004
332:
320:
291:
279:
252:
240:
232:
231:
208:
199:
173:
136:
132:
87:
39:
37:
2842:Pogulianski
2412:Ludwig Hahn
2367:Paul Blobel
2347:Rudolf Batz
2282:Arthur Nebe
2252:Horst Böhme
2116:Sudetenland
2075:Slovak Army
1916:Sudetenland
1855: [
1844:17 November
1823:Operation B
1699: [
1660: [
1615:Czech Radio
1481:Alois Eliáš
1374:Jan Masaryk
1099: [
1091:Anton Vašek
1064: [
1046:Izidor Koso
1033:Individuals
754:(in Slovak)
733:(in Slovak)
712:(in Slovak)
689:(in Slovak)
682: [
666:Web sources
412:Fatran 1996
397:Hruboň 2010
385:Hruboň 2010
373:Hruboň 2010
361:Hruboň 2010
325:Hruboň 2010
296:Hruboň 2010
272:Fatran 1996
257:Fatran 1996
245:Fatran 1996
218: [
161: [
146: [
139:Haviva Reik
110:Slovak Army
3081:Categories
2870:Ninth Fort
2714:Lithuanian
2702:Belarusian
2689:Non-German
2422:Karl Jäger
2297:Otto Rasch
2267:Heinz Jost
1836:War crimes
1783:Dukla Pass
1583:Anthropoid
1568:Resistance
1523:Jozef Tiso
1469:Emil Hácha
1362:Jan Šrámek
1334:Government
1081:Jozef Tiso
953:Bratislava
901:Elsewhere
737:10 October
679:Plus 7 dní
523:2018-10-07
436:Schön 2017
228:References
143:Rafi Reiss
78:Background
2991:Drohobycz
2921:AB-Aktion
2862:Lithuania
2718:Ukrainian
2497:Franz Six
2105:Fall Grün
1977:Squadrons
1908:Holocaust
1890:(1944–45)
1528:President
1474:President
1355:President
1210:Aftermath
905:Auschwitz
798:8 October
778:8 October
758:7 October
716:7 October
693:7 October
658:1210-7050
542:ignored (
532:cite book
233:Citations
44:Kremnička
18:Kremnička
2981:Babi Yar
2955:Slovakia
2726:Kommando
2706:Estonian
2210:Director
2146:Category
1926:Slovakia
1895:Ploština
1879:Životice
1867:Kobylisy
1815:Racibórz
1729:Military
1223:Violence
1200:Oľšavica
1177:Rescuers
920:Majdanek
883:Patrónka
752:Hnonline
52:Slovakia
3024:Records
2973:Ukraine
2847:Rumbula
2837:Jelgava
2801:Estonia
2773:Belarus
2710:Latvian
1957:Western
1807:Slivice
1743:Sudeten
1736:Battles
1576:Actions
925:Sobibor
849:Part of
195:Nemecká
185:Nemecká
152:, were
54:by the
48:Nemecká
2932:Russia
2900:Poland
2890:Ponary
2819:Latvia
2765:Crimes
2740:Hamann
2724:Arajs
2662:(Orpo)
2646:(SiPo)
2619:German
2612:Groups
2203:People
2092:Topics
2018:Soviet
1898:(1945)
1882:(1944)
1872:Lidice
1862:(1942)
1847:(1939)
1826:(1945)
1818:(1945)
1810:(1945)
1802:(1945)
1794:(1945)
1786:(1944)
1778:(1939)
1770:(1939)
1762:(1939)
1754:(1938)
1751:Liptaň
1746:(1938)
1626:Groups
1610:(1945)
1602:(1944)
1594:(1944)
1586:(1942)
1240:Aliyah
979:Groups
963:Zvolen
915:Lublin
910:Bełżec
888:Poprad
878:Nováky
731:Pravda
709:Pravda
656:
617:
592:
561:
506:
498:]
3011:Odesa
1950:Units
1859:]
1711:]
1664:]
1462:Czech
1111:]
1076:]
893:Vyhne
873:Sereď
686:]
517:(PDF)
500:(PDF)
494:[
222:]
211:Katyn
169:]
150:]
2654:(SD)
2630:(SS)
2192:and
2039:Axis
1696:ÚVOD
1412:Nazi
800:2018
780:2018
760:2018
739:2018
718:2018
695:2018
654:ISSN
615:ISBN
590:ISBN
559:ISBN
544:help
504:ISBN
141:and
58:and
46:and
38:The
2745:TDA
1997:313
1992:312
1987:311
1982:310
1974:RAF
1325:in
1218:SRP
644:doi
3083::
2716:,
2712:,
2708:,
2704:,
1857:cs
1709:pl
1707:;
1705:de
1703:;
1701:cs
1662:cs
1650:cs
1638:cs
1487:,
1483:,
1430:,
1426:,
1422:,
1109:sv
1107:;
1105:fr
1103:;
1101:de
1074:sk
1072:;
1070:de
1068:;
1066:cs
790:.
770:.
750:.
729:.
706:.
684:sk
676:.
652:.
640:XX
632:.
613:.
588:.
580:.
536::
534:}}
530:{{
404:^
303:^
264:^
220:sk
171:.
167:sk
165:;
163:cs
148:he
50:,
2720:)
2700:(
2326:,
2180:e
2173:t
2166:v
1652:)
1648:(
1640:)
1636:(
1315:e
1308:t
1301:v
830:e
823:t
816:v
802:.
782:.
762:.
741:.
720:.
697:.
660:.
646::
623:.
598:.
567:.
546:)
526:.
438:.
426:.
351:.
315:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
