460:
110:
510:
577:
33:
675:
755:
98:
86:
563:
rejected, and instead the old guns were sent to a full maintenance overhaul. The maintenance solved the problems with the Model 1901, some guns also being fitted with rubber tires and rebuilt for motor transport during the 1930s. By 1940 at least 12 artillery pieces had been modified for motor transport. Until 9 April 1940 German invasion of Norway the gun remained the main field gun of the
Norwegian Army.
426:. After extensive testing under varied conditions, both summer and winter, during the years 1899–1901, and modifications of the artillery pieces to Norwegian specifications, the Ehrhardt 7.5 cm Model 1901 was chosen. The tests were carried out by the Field and Mountain Artillery School, and included a march across the
604:
that followed the
Norwegian field artillery arm suffered greatly from organizational difficulties. The difficulties originated in part from the fact that very few artillery pieces had been mobilized during the seven months of neutrality that preceded the invasion. The units that had been activated to
394:
field gun. Four
Schneider-Canet had been delivered to Norway at that time, and 16 more were on order. While the Swedish members of the committee wished for a conclusion to be reached in the shortest possible time, the Norwegians wished to bide their time and study the issue to the fullest. The reason
450:
be tested before the new gun could be chosen. This criticism was brushed aside by the
Ministry of Defence, stating that the military assessment had found the Model 1901 to be the best gun. Before the Ministry of Defence had reached its decision it tested a battery of Model 1901s against a battery of
709:
on 8 December 1939. In addition to artillery the Finns had also requested various types of ammunition, fighter aircraft and hand grenades, weapons that Norway could not provide. The secret transfer of the Model 1901 guns to
Finland was a clear violation of the rules of neutrality on behalf of the
471:
In all 138 Ehrhardt 7.5 cm Model 1901s were manufactured, the type being delivered only to Norway. The
Norwegian experience with the new system for quick-firing led to the major arms factories in Europe all adopting the same type of recoil system for their own artillery systems. Norwegian
562:
During the 1920s complaints about the performance of the gun started coming in to the authorities. Wear and tear was beginning to have an effect on the guns, and soon people were suggesting that the type should be replaced with a new field gun model. The demands for a new artillery system was
500:
with a spring system for returning the tube to position. This made the Model 1901 Norway's first quick-firing gun. The 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb) gun's range was 10,000 metres (11,000 yd), firing a standard 6.5 kilograms (14 lb) shell. The Model 1901 was 2.235 metres (7 ft
378:
artillery committee was established in 1899. The committee was to facilitate the procurement of new artillery for the
Swedish and Norwegian armed forces. The new weapon was to solve the old time-consuming problem of the gun being pushed out of position by recoil with each shot. The committee
718:. Eleven of the guns saw service in the Winter War with Field Artillery Regiment 9, firing some 36,400 shells during the conflict. More ammunition for the guns were later procured by the Finnish Army from Norwegian ammunition stocks captured by the Germans in 1940. During the
822:
anti-tank guns to be imported from German arms manufacturers. Finally Laake wanted the anti-tank companies to be manned by professional soldiers rather than conscripts. The first 20 and 37 mm guns had been expected to be delivered from
Germany in April and May
617:
machine guns. In the confusion and chaos that followed the German invasion most
Norwegian units were only mobilized on an improvised basis, with limited supplies and little time to get properly organized before going into battle with the Germans. Only in
415:
In the end nine different artillery systems were considered by the
Norwegians, and eight bought or loaned for testing. Two guns were found to be within requirements, one 7.5 cm gun from Schneider-Canet and one of the same calibre from
472:
companies also modified the Armed Forces' older guns with the new recoil system so they could remain in service longer. Components that could be manufactured in Norway was produced under licence at Norwegian factories, with Norwegian
766:
was quickly replaced with more modern types in the Norwegian Army. The last time the artillery system was used for sharpshooting exercises was with the concluding exercise of the Field Artillery's Officer School in August 1947 at
818:, requested from the Ministry of Defence that the Army's anti-tank capability be further strengthened with a second blocking company, to be part of the 6th Division in Northern Norway. Laake also wanted heavier
517:
In the first years after 1901 the Model 1901's full potential could not be exploited due to a lack of effective aiming systems. The artillery pieces were delivered with open sights and could only be used for
810:). The 306-man strong company was to sort under the engineer arm of the army, despite army demands that it be part of the infantry. The company was supposed to be armed with heavy machine guns and
407:
delivered in 1896 the Norwegian guns were still comparatively new. The Swedes on the other hand had replaced their rifled muzzle-loaders already in 1883 and were more ready for a replacement.
451:
7.5 cm Schneider-Canet guns. After further testing the Model 1901 was still considered the best choice, although it was decided that further changes to the design were needed.
880:
357:
and were retired from active use by the Norwegians shortly after the end of the Second World War. Model 1901s are still employed as saluting guns at fortresses in Norway.
481:
885:
404:
742:. The guns remained in German service in Norway until the end of the war, amongst other uses deployed in coastal artillery fortifications. During their 1940–1945
698:
in February 1940. The guns were taken from stocks of artillery that had become surplus to requirement after large-scale cuts to the Norwegian military during the
631:
390:
The Swedish-Norwegian committee reached only a single conclusion; that the calibre of the new weapon was to be 7.5 centimetres, based on tests with a French
600:. The main field artillery piece of the Norwegian Army that faced the invasion forces was the Ehrhardt Model 1901. During the two months of fighting in the
646:. All 12 of the Model 1901 field guns that had been converted to motorized transport were deployed to Northern Norway at the outbreak of war, with four in
550:
and the high-explosive case shot. A high-explosive artillery shell with significantly longer range was introduced in 1921, but not put into regular use. A
1128:
786:
in Oslo. The gun had a central role in the 2005 commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905.
948:
1193:
1288:
758:
Model 1901 used as saluting gun during the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905
480:
in Norwegian military service. The purchase of modern artillery for the Norwegian Army was motivated by the military build-up leading to the
342:
guns; a number were even modified for use as anti-tank guns. A dozen guns were transferred by the Norwegian government to Finland during the
1369:
1407:
1348:
Weapons of the Third Reich: An Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939-1945
890:
1417:
802:
The Norwegian leadership decided in December 1939 to establish a fully motorized anti-tank company, designated a "blocking company" (
246:
734:
When Nazi Germany conquered Norway in the two-month-long Norwegian Campaign in 1940 they captured many examples of the Norwegian
501:
4 in) long, with a barrel length of 2.167 metres (7 ft 1 in). The gun shields of the Model 1901 were detachable.
703:
1412:
1304:
743:
1355:
1330:
1278:
1251:
1232:
687:
638:
in the Norwegian Army, Model 1901s were pressed into service in an improvised anti-tank role during the fighting in
370:
With the background of the rapid development of the artillery arm in the late 19th century and the invention of the
1135:
523:
1314:
679:
375:
1139:
959:
439:
1185:
334:
of Norway in 1940. The Germans impressed the surviving guns and used them in Norway for the duration of the
1270:
779:
774:. Following the type's retirement from active duty the Model 1901 has continued into the 21st century as a
643:
443:
384:
814:
automatic cannon, the latter having been ordered from Nazi Germany. In March 1940 the Commanding General,
442:, now under the leadership of Georg Stang, chose the artillery system over protests from the opposition
379:
consisted of six officers, three Swedish and three Norwegian. One of the Norwegian officers was Captain
614:
634:
in Western Norway) have time to mobilize in an orderly fashion. Due to the complete lack of dedicated
316:(Also known as the 7.5 cm feltkanon m/01 or the M/01 7.5 cm (2.95 in) field gun) was a
492:
The new artillery pieces consisted of a core tube and mantlet with a mechanism retainer, 28 rifles,
1402:
530:
panoramic telescopes. This, together with other technical advances and the introduction of forward
702:. The artillery pieces were delivered in response to a request for arms supplies from the Finnish
459:
1377:
476:
pushing for the creation of new jobs for the work force. The Ehrhardt Model 1901 was designated
331:
256:
843:
263:
722:
the guns were first issued to the fortification artillery, from 1942 being transferred to the
627:
396:
231:
1164:
8:
493:
522:. New aiming systems were only introduced in 1911, when the field guns were modified at
1293:
Tysk trussel mot Norge? Forsvarsledelse, trusselvurderinger og militære tiltak før 1940
803:
610:
601:
531:
211:
509:
1351:
1326:
1300:
1274:
1247:
1228:
1169:
783:
723:
706:
655:
581:
464:
339:
983:
606:
435:
719:
710:
Norwegian government. The 12 guns were delivered with 7,166 shells via the Swedish
551:
371:
347:
133:
576:
546:
Up until 1921 the ammunition used by the Norwegian artillery was the black-powder
699:
619:
527:
497:
354:
327:
293:
663:
815:
771:
639:
623:
400:
32:
1396:
819:
674:
642:. The field guns were used in direct fire mode at close range against German
635:
547:
535:
423:
60:
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was also designed and approved in 1921, although never put into production.
1227:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Artilleriregimetet og Artilleriets Offisersforening.
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335:
283:
129:
115:
519:
473:
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273:
195:
125:
1102:
694:, the Norwegian government donated a field artillery battalion to the
317:
50:
38:
768:
651:
714:
armaments company. In Finland the guns were given the designation
1322:
221:
103:
1296:
775:
746:
the Germans rebuilt at least 17 Model 1901s as anti-tank guns.
711:
597:
592:
invaded Norway, capturing ports along the Norwegian coast from
241:
91:
647:
447:
844:
https://www.kvf.no/vaapen.php?type=Ammo&weaponid=AMM1372
216:
6.5 kilograms (14 lb) shell, QF 75 x 278 mm R cartridge
1266:
593:
482:
dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905
605:
guard Norwegian neutrality had been equipped mainly with
463:
A Model 1901 dismantled for sled transport during winter
365:
353:
The Model 1901 guns were obsolescent already during the
338:. They equipped German units in Norway and were used as
1241:
658:, supporting the Norwegian counter-offensive against
984:"Artillery part 3: Light Field Guns (75 mm – 84 mm)"
395:
for the Norwegians' lack of haste was probably that
1129:"Velkommen til Festningsløypa på Akershus Festning"
326:and sold to Norway in 1901. It remained the main
1394:
1313:
504:
454:
988:Jaeger Platoon – Finnish Army 1918–1945 Website
678:Rear view of a 75 K 01 piece on display at the
580:Model 1901 with modernized carriage in action
1367:
513:Model 1901 modified for motorized transport.
1287:
1225:Befalsskolen for Feltartilleriet: 1931–1996
419:Rheinische Metallwaren- und Maschinenfabrik
410:
323:Rheinische Metallwaren- und Maschinenfabrik
762:After the end of the Second World War the
487:
910:
908:
650:County and eight in the eastern parts of
320:designed and built by the German company
1244:Norsk forsvarshistorie bind 3: 1905-1940
1215:Chamberlain, Peter & Gander, Terry.
978:
976:
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972:
753:
673:
654:. Seven of these guns saw action on the
575:
508:
458:
446:, which demanded that a new system from
1340:
1016:
1014:
922:
920:
403:only in 1887, and with the last of the
399:rifled guns had been introduced to the
201:2.167 metres (7 ft 1 in) L/31
1395:
1346:Gander, Terry and Chamberlain, Peter.
1242:Hobson, Rolf; Tom Kristiansen (2001).
1186:"Stor 1905-markering i Aurskog-Høland"
1086:
934:
932:
905:
875:
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871:
1246:(in Norwegian). Bergen: Eide Forlag.
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969:
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867:
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863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
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571:
366:Swedish-Norwegian artillery committee
1260:
1074:Zeiner-Gundersen 1986: 195, 196, 200
1011:
917:
729:
330:gun of the Norwegian Army until the
1183:
929:
566:
13:
1173:(in Norwegian). 29 September 2008.
848:
14:
1429:
1408:World War II artillery of Germany
1361:
1008:Gander & Chamberlain 1975: 22
346:and were used by them during the
1418:World War II artillery of Norway
1315:Zeiner-Gundersen, Herman Fredrik
1217:Light and Medium Field Artillery
1136:Norwegian Defence Estates Agency
557:
108:
96:
84:
31:
25:Ehrhardt 7.5 cm Model 1901
1209:
1177:
1165:"En kanontropp tar form i RĂĄde"
1157:
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1095:
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1068:
1059:
1050:
1041:
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796:
749:
314:Ehrhardt 7.5 cm Model 1901
190:1,037 kilograms (2,286 lb)
1319:Norsk artilleri gjennom 300 ĂĄr
1002:
958:(in Norwegian), archived from
941:
889:(in Norwegian). Archived from
837:
306:10,000 metres (11,000 yd)
303:Maximum firing range
163:
1:
1271:Norwegian Armed Forces Museum
830:
541:
505:Further development in Norway
455:Procurement of the Model 1901
440:Norwegian Ministry of Defence
405:Krupp 8.4 cm Model 1887s
360:
1413:World War II field artillery
1350:. New York: Doubleday, 1979
444:Conservative Party of Norway
387:in 1900–1902 and 1902–1903.
7:
949:"Artilleriets modellkammer"
680:Artillery Museum of Finland
630:in Northern Norway and the
524:Kongsberg Armaments Factory
10:
1434:
1083:Zeiner-Gundersen 1986: 207
1020:Zeiner-Gundersen 1986: 398
926:Zeiner-Gundersen 1986: 396
626:Norway did the units (the
392:Schneider-Canet Model 1898
236:Nordenfelt eccentric screw
1065:Kristiansen 2008: 283–284
1029:Zeiner-Gundersen 1986: 51
938:Zeiner-Gundersen 1986: 50
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57:Place of origin
56:
46:
37:Model 1901 on display in
30:
23:
1223:Gamst, Thorbein (1998).
789:
411:Trials and choice of gun
1261:Holm, Terje H. (1987).
886:Norges Forsvarsforening
738:and re-designated them
488:General characteristics
383:, the future Norwegian
1219:. New York: Arco, 1975
807:
764:7,5cm feltkanon M/1901
759:
736:7,5cm feltkanon M/1901
686:As part of its covert
683:
585:
514:
478:7,5cm feltkanon M/1901
468:
284:Rate of fire
757:
690:during the 1939–1940
677:
579:
512:
462:
177:Horse- or lorry-drawn
1341:Additional resources
1145:on 21 September 2013
1092:Hobson 2001: 256–257
780:Norwegian fortresses
744:occupation of Norway
534:, allowed effective
496:eccentric screw and
474:labour organizations
298:500 m/s (1,640 ft/s)
294:Muzzle velocity
1370:"Norwegian weapons"
1368:Robert MĂĄrtensson.
965:on 22 November 2019
688:support for Finland
538:to be carried out.
532:artillery observers
385:Minister of Defence
1299:: Fagbokforlaget.
881:"Feltkanon M/1901"
760:
684:
670:In Finnish service
602:Norwegian campaign
586:
572:Norwegian Campaign
515:
469:
140:Production history
1380:on 11 August 2014
1306:978-82-450-0674-2
1170:Fredriksstad Blad
893:on 12 August 2014
784:Akershus Fortress
730:In German service
724:coastal artillery
376:Swedish-Norwegian
340:coastal artillery
310:
309:
1425:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1376:. Archived from
1336:
1325:: Agdin Forlag.
1321:(in Norwegian).
1310:
1295:(in Norwegian).
1289:Kristiansen, Tom
1284:
1265:(in Norwegian).
1257:
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1203:
1202:
1197:(in Norwegian),
1194:Heimevernsbladet
1190:
1184:Bäckman, Jarle,
1181:
1175:
1174:
1161:
1155:
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1150:
1144:
1138:. Archived from
1134:(in Norwegian).
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1103:"Torgauten fort"
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740:7,5 cm FK 246(n)
720:Continuation War
704:foreign minister
588:On 9 April 1940
567:Second World War
526:and fitted with
498:hydraulic brakes
355:inter-war period
348:Continuation War
336:Second World War
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130:Second World War
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990:. 10 April 2009
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332:German invasion
328:field artillery
226:75 mm (2.95 in)
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72:In service
67:Service history
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1378:the original
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1210:Bibliography
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1147:. Retrieved
1140:the original
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992:. Retrieved
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895:. Retrieved
891:the original
884:
839:
798:
778:gun at many
763:
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750:Post-war use
739:
735:
733:
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707:Väinö Tanner
696:Finnish Army
685:
660:Eduard Dietl
656:Narvik front
628:6th Division
590:Nazi Germany
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491:
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417:
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372:quick-firing
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268:7° to +15.5°
247:Hydro-spring
198: length
155:Manufacturer
116:Nazi Germany
80:Used by
15:
1384:21 November
1374:Norway 1940
1113:21 November
994:21 November
632:4th Brigade
520:direct fire
381:Georg Stang
166: built
158:Rheinmetall
149:Rheinmetall
1397:Categories
831:References
692:Winter War
542:Ammunition
494:Nordenfelt
465:manoeuvres
428:Dovrefjell
361:Background
344:Winter War
257:Pole trail
126:Winter War
897:10 August
804:Norwegian
582:at Narvik
552:gas shell
548:case shot
350:as well.
318:field gun
264:Elevation
75:1901–1947
51:field gun
41:, Norway.
39:Trondheim
18:Field gun
1317:(1986).
1291:(2008).
776:saluting
769:Hjerkinn
652:Finnmark
620:Northern
467:in 1904.
432:Stjørdal
274:Traverse
253:Carriage
174:Variants
145:Designer
1323:Arendal
1201:(5): 22
1149:15 July
716:75 K 01
644:Panzers
624:Western
424:Germany
222:Caliber
104:Finland
1354:
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1303:
1297:Bergen
1277:
1250:
1231:
712:Bofors
607:rifles
598:Narvik
438:. The
242:Recoil
232:Breech
196:Barrel
113:
101:
92:Norway
89:
1189:(PDF)
1143:(PDF)
1132:(PDF)
963:(PDF)
952:(PDF)
823:1940.
820:37 mm
812:20 mm
790:Notes
726:arm.
648:Troms
615:heavy
611:light
528:Goerz
448:Krupp
288:8 rpm
212:Shell
1386:2009
1352:ISBN
1327:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1267:Oslo
1248:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1151:2014
1115:2009
996:2009
899:2014
622:and
613:and
609:and
594:Oslo
312:The
187:Mass
122:Wars
47:Type
662:'s
596:to
434:in
422:in
169:138
164:No.
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1013:^
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278:7°
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682:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
