669:, Ernst said, "There never was a formal confidentiality agreement with signature etc. But I did feel bound to keep the contents of the Smallwood report confidential. The investigation by my University was not just 'very unpleasant', it was also far too long. It lasted 13 months! I had to take lawyers against my own University! In addition, it was unnecessary, not least because a University should simply establish the facts and, if reasonable, defend its professor from outside attacks. The facts could have been established over a cup of tea with the Vice Chancellor in less than half an hour. When my department had been destroyed in the process, I retired voluntarily and was subsequently re-employed for half a year to help find a successor. In retrospect, I see this move as a smart ploy by the University to keep me sweet and prevent me from going to the press. A successor was never hired; one good candidate was found but he was told that he had to find 100% of the funds to do the job. Nobody of high repute would have found this acceptable, and thus the only good candidate was not even tempted to accept the position."
2231:
681:' who promote products with no scientific basis", and that the dispute "had cost him his job – a claim Prince Charles's office denied". According to Ernst, "The snake oil salesman story is an entirely separate issue", which "happened years later." He added, "It is true that Charles's office denied that Charles knew about his 1st private secretary writing to my Vice Chancellor asking him to investigate my alleged breach of confidence." Ernst claims that as Sir Michael Peat wrote his letter in his capacity as the Prince's private secretary, Ernst finds that "exceedingly hard to believe."
692:– an organisation which campaigns for the abolition of the British monarchy. However, writing on his website in 2022, Ernst clarified his position: "Even though Charles did a sterling job in trying, I did not become a republican. I do have considerable doubts that Charles will be a good King (his reign might even be the end of the monarchy), and I did help the republican cause on several occasions but I never formally joined any such group (in general, I am not a joiner of parties, clubs or interest groups)."
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33:
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649:, said the book was "replete with both theoretical and real-life examples and is thoroughly referenced, but is a rather turgid read. It clearly demonstrates the extraordinary capacity of intelligent beings, including both practitioners and patients, to hold to irrational beliefs in the face of contrary evidence, but the authors show little sympathy for this very human tendency."
2474:
466:(NHS). Ernst was initially enlisted as a collaborator on the report, but asked for his name to be removed after a sight of the draft report convinced him that Smallwood had "written the conclusions before looking at the evidence". The report did not address whether CAM treatments were actually effective and Ernst described it as "complete misleading rubbish".
263:, Germany, in 1948. As a child, his family doctor was a homeopath, and at the time he saw it as part of medicine. His father and grandfather were both doctors, and his mother was a laboratory assistant. Ernst originally wanted to be a musician, but his mother persuaded him that medicine might be a good "sideline" career for him to pursue.
639:
called Ernst the "world's foremost expert on the claims and the evidence (or lack thereof) for
Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)." Hall said that Ernst and Smith direct their attention to the ethicists and the scientific community for this book with the goal "to inform, not to entertain.
580:
For us, there is no such thing as alternative medicine. There is either medicine that is effective or not, medicine that is safe or not. So-called alternative therapies need to be assessed and then classified as good medicines or bogus medicines. Hopefully, in the future, the good medicines will be
599:
Homeopathy is among the worst examples of faith-based medicine. ... These axioms are not only out of line with scientific facts but also directly opposed to them. If homeopathy is correct, much of physics, chemistry, and pharmacology must be incorrect.... To have an open mind about homeopathy or
342:
Ernst asserts that, in
Germany and Austria, complementary techniques are mostly practiced by qualified physicians, whereas in the UK they are mainly practiced by others. He also argues that the term "Complementary and Alternative Medicine" ("CAM") is an almost nonsensical umbrella term, and that
565:
My plea is simply for honesty. Let people buy what they want, but tell them the truth about what they are buying. These treatments are biologically implausible and the clinical tests have shown they don't do anything at all in human beings. The argument that this information is not relevant or
338:
Ernst's department at Exeter defined complementary medicine as "diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention which complements mainstream medicine by contributing to a common whole, by satisfying a demand not met by orthodoxy or by diversifying the conceptual frameworks of medicine."
725:) which determines which substances may be introduced and promoted as medicine. In 2008, he was an external examiner for several university medical schools in several countries. He is a Founding Member and on the Board of the Institute for Science in Medicine, formed in 2009.
485:
Horton wrote: "Professor Ernst seems to have broken every professional code of scientific behaviour by disclosing correspondence referring to a document that is in the process of being reviewed and revised prior to publication. This breach of confidence is to be deplored."
236:
perspective. Since his research began on alternative modalities, Ernst has been seen as "the scourge of alternative medicine" for publishing critical research that exposes methods that lack documentation of efficacy. In 2015 he was awarded the
542:
on alleged misrepresentation of "scientific evidence about therapies such as homeopathy, acupuncture and reflexology". They asserted that
Britons spent ÂŁ500 million each year on unproven or disproven alternative therapies. In a review of
676:
article described his "long-running dispute with the Prince about the merits of alternative therapies" and stated that he "accused
Britain's heir-to-the-throne Prince Charles and other backers of alternative therapies on Monday of being
560:
to crack down on high street chemists that sell homeopathic remedies without warning that the remedies lack evidence for claimed biological effects. According to him, this disinformation would be a violation of their ethical
662:, the university "accepted his innocence but continued, in his view, to treat him as 'persona non grata'. All fundraising for his unit ceased, forcing him to use up its core funding and allow its 15 staff to drift away."
493:, also filed a complaint regarding breached confidentiality with Exeter University. Although he was "cleared of wrongdoing", Ernst has said that circumstances surrounding the ensuing university investigation led to his
133:
863:
1986:
657:
Ernst was accused by Prince
Charles' private secretary of having breached a confidentiality agreement regarding the 2005 Smallwood report. After being subjected to a "very unpleasant" investigation by the
1138:
688:, was published in February 2022. It focuses on Charles's interest in alternative medicine, with a critical assessment of his views. In 2009, Ernst's name appeared on a list of supporters of
131:
331:; the institute has not performed a clinical trial for some time due to budget constraints. He has over 700 papers published in scientific journals. He has said that about five percent of
323:
The world's first professor of complementary medicine, Ernst researches complementary medicine with an emphasis on efficacy and safety. His research mainly surveys systematic reviews and
424:... ethicist Kevin Smith and I discuss the many ethical issues around alternative medicine and essentially conclude that it is not possible to practice alternative medicine ethically.
1575:
346:
Since his research began on alternative modalities, Ernst has been seen as "the scourge of alternative medicine" for publishing critical research. In a 2008 publication in the
191:, but left this position in 1993 to set up the department of Complementary Medicine at the University of Exeter in England. He became director of complementary medicine of the
132:
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173:
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335:
is backed by evidence, with the remainder being either insufficiently studied or backed by evidence showing lack of efficacy.
199:
chair in
Complementary Medicine, retiring in 2011. He was born and trained in Germany, where he began his medical career at a
2588:
2449:
2107:"Interview with Professor Edzard Ernst, Department of Complementary Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter"
856:
838:
822:
808:
790:
576:, when he and Simon Singh were asked this question—"What do you think the future is for alternative medicine?"—they replied:
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140:
124:
1890:
Members : MHRA – Members of the
Medicines Commission with effect from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2005
1748:
311:, when he began his medical career. In 1988, he became Professor in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) at
172:(born 30 January 1948) is a retired British-German academic physician and researcher specializing in the study of
2383:
2308:
2094:
1821:
729:
549:
432:, which took place on 17–20 March 2021. He spoke about the risk and dangers of alternative medicine, pointing to
721:. In 2005, he was a member of the Medicines Commission of the British Medicines Control Agency (now part of the
2583:
2578:
553:, Donald Marcus described Ernst as "one of the best qualified people to summarize the evidence on this topic."
2437:
2193:
2149:
1199:
2262:
2077:
1921:
1662:"Books: More Harm than Good? The Moral Maze of Complementary and Alternative Medicine: A Drop in the Ocean"
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587:
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for disclosing contents of the report while it was still in draft form. In a 29 August 2005 letter to
2528:
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1972:
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2257:
1167:
782:
405:
192:
2203:
1193:
710:"cleansing" of the University of Vienna medical faculty that allowed the "medical atrocities" of
476:
312:
233:
585:
In a 2009 article entitled "Should We
Maintain an Open Mind about Homeopathy?" published in the
2548:
592:
538:. The authors challenged the Prince of Wales, to whom the book is (ironically) dedicated, and
307:. He learned homeopathy, acupuncture and other modalities whilst at a homeopathic hospital in
2502:
2342:
1959:
1848:
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718:
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1295:
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2172:
659:
601:
393:
332:
280:
188:
177:
107:
2097:
on
Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Ernst testified and his department was visited.
1573:
Note to Prince
Charles: 'You're wrong'. Book raises new doubts about alternative medicine.
8:
2288:
2278:
2247:
2100:
1583:
949:
Alternativmedizin - was hilft, was schadet: Die 20 besten, die 20 bedenklichsten Methoden
746:
572:
397:
304:
242:
222:
2136:
The Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine. An evidence based approach.
352:, his listed treatments that "demonstrably generate more good than harm" was limited to
2041:
1860:
1724:"The 'very unpleasant' time when Charles accused me of having breached confidentiality"
1694:
1428:
1411:
779:
The Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine: An Evidence-based Approach
678:
631:
534:
401:
288:
276:
2123:
2106:
1880:, (pdf). Irish Nedicine Board. October 2000 – March 2001. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
1600:
Baum M, Ernst E (November 2009). "Should we maintain an open mind about homeopathy?".
1098:
180:, the world's first such academic position in complementary and alternative medicine.
2337:
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1852:
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1008:
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966:
952:
938:
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896:
882:
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852:
849:
Healing, Hype, Or Harm?: Scientists Investigate Complementary Or Alternative Medicine
834:
818:
804:
786:
768:
742:
605:
238:
89:
2045:
1987:"Scientist who claimed Prince Charles tried to 'silence' him wins John Maddox Prize"
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2293:
2118:
2025:
1947:
1844:
1689:
1673:
1609:
1522:
1423:
1251:
751:
717:
In 2001, Ernst sat on the Scientific Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products of the
449:
247:
1864:
1111:
2490:
2409:
2067:
1896:
1638:
1613:
1579:
636:
623:
In 2018, Ernst and co-author Kevin Smith, a medical ethicist, published the book
609:
369:
300:
211:
1951:
672:
He retired in 2011, two years ahead of his official retirement. In July 2011, a
581:
embraced within conventional medicine and the bogus medicines will be abandoned.
1835:
Ernst E (May 1995). "A leading medical school seriously damaged: Vienna 1938".
459:
361:
328:
893:
More Harm than Good?: The Moral Maze of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
879:
Homeopathy - The Undiluted Facts : Including a Comprehensive A-Z Lexicon.
864:
A Scientist in Wonderland: A Memoir of Searching for Truth and Finding Trouble
625:
More Harm Than Good? The Moral Maze of Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
2512:
2373:
2283:
1943:
1685:
1526:
1311:
Ernst, Edzard (2018). "Why Did We Call Prince Charles Foolish and Immoral?".
1273:
381:
196:
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2037:
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437:
365:
324:
228:
1856:
1677:
1255:
1330:
529:
353:
296:
284:
200:
220:(of which he was editor-in-chief until it was discontinued in 2016) and
2414:
2141:
471:
440:
as the most problematic areas within alternative medicine at the time.
433:
2325:
2029:
1661:
232:, where he reviewed news stories about complementary medicine from an
481:
462:, claimed that CAM was cost-effective and should be available in the
292:
272:
260:
59:
595:—writing to other physicians—offered strong criticism of homeopathy:
315:
and in 1990 Head of the PMR Department at the University of Vienna.
32:
1511:
Trick or Treatment: The Undeniable Facts about Alternative Medicine
843:
Trick or Treatment: The Undeniable Facts about Alternative Medicine
413:
409:
389:
377:
1545:"Pharmacists urged to 'tell the truth' about homeopathic remedies"
1776:
673:
385:
1221:
1005:
Bizarre Medical Ideas: ... and the Strange Men Who Invented Them
516:
373:
357:
308:
204:
2101:
Q&A with Ernst in The International Review of Patient Care
1453:"Prince of Wales's guide to alternative medicine 'inaccurate'"
841:, 416 pages (The same book published in the US is called
1040:"Edzard Ernst: outspoken professor of complementary medicine"
738:
which he founded in 1995 and which was discontinued in 2016.
640:
It is not a easy or 'fun' read, but it is an important one".
1774:
Professor calls Prince Charles, others "snake-oil salesmen".
921:
Don't Believe What You Think: Arguments for and against SCAM
707:
600:
similarly implausible forms of alternative medicine (e.g.,
2059:
977:
Charles, The Alternative Prince: An Unauthorised Biography
686:
Charles, the Alternative Prince: An Unauthorised Biography
2352:
1335:"Aspen Global Congress on Scientific Thinking and Action"
1296:
http://www.harcourt-international.com/ernst/interview.cfm
1139:"Complementary therapies: The big con? – The Independent"
991:
Charles, The Alternative King: An Unauthorised Biography.
158:
728:
In February 2011, Ernst was elected as a Fellow of the
1286:
Ernst et al. British General Practitioner 1995; 45:506
2462:
2016:
Cohen, D. (2011). "Edzard Ernst: The prince and me".
2095:
House of Lords Science and Technology – Sixth Report
1168:"Edzard Ernst awarded John Maddox Prize for science"
767:(with Eckhart G. Hahn). Butterworth-Heinemann 1998.
176:. He was Professor of Complementary Medicine at the
16:
German academic physician and researcher (born 1948)
2085:
e.g. Homeopathy does not work, St John's Wort does.
2083:
Summary of the department's most important findings
1595:
1593:
723:
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
566:
important for customers is quite simply ridiculous.
195:(PMS) in 2002. Ernst was the first occupant of the
1944:"Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies"
1392:"'Meddling' Prince nearly cost health don his job"
343:distinctions between its modalities must be made.
226:. Ernst's writing appeared in a regular column in
1241:
1239:
1033:
1031:
1029:
963:So-Called Alternative Medicine (SCAM) for Cancer.
935:Chiropractic: Not All That It's Cracked Up to Be.
830:Trick or Treatment? Alternative Medicine on Trial
535:Trick or Treatment? Alternative Medicine on Trial
506:, Ernst gave a detailed criticism of the report.
494:
430:Global Congress on Scientific Thinking and Action
318:
2510:
1590:
1509:Donald M. Marcus (November 2008). "Book review:
1508:
1502:
741:In 2015, Ernst was one of two recipients of the
735:Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies
217:Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies
1599:
1269:Interview: The complementary medicine detective
833:(with Simon Singh). Transworld Publisher 2008.
652:
275:in Germany in 1978 where he also completed his
1246:Cressey, D. (2011). "A legacy of scepticism".
1236:
1026:
556:In 2008, Ernst sent an open letter urging the
2157:
2078:Official FACT website at University of Exeter
1538:
1536:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1037:
815:The Oxford Handbook of Complementary Medicine
695:
558:Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
540:The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health
207:, and since 1999 has been a British citizen.
1633:
1631:
1412:"The "Smallwood report": method or madness?"
266:
2379:Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry
1828:
1064:
1062:
1060:
797:Complementary Therapies for Pain Management
2569:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
2164:
2150:
2111:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
1641:(2018). "The Case That CAM is Unethical".
1542:
1533:
1480:"The last rites for alternative medicine?"
1353:
1306:
1304:
755:, for courage in standing up for science.
251:, for courage in standing up for science.
31:
2122:
1910:Oxford Handbook of Complementary Medicine
1693:
1628:
1450:
1427:
1366:
2171:
1849:10.7326/0003-4819-122-10-199505150-00009
1659:
1477:
1057:
732:. He was editor-in-chief of the journal
515:
81:Scientific study of alternative medicine
1834:
1766:
1301:
1245:
1141:. London. 22 April 2008. Archived from
1068:
923:. (Societas) Ingram Book Company 2020.
616:
489:Prince Charles' private secretary, Sir
2511:
1565:
1444:
1384:
1194:"Episode #10 feat. Prof. Edzard Ernst"
1191:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
174:complementary and alternative medicine
72:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
2554:Transcendental Meditation researchers
2544:Academics of the University of Exeter
2145:
2015:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1409:
1310:
1192:Pintér, András G (17 February 2016).
1094:
1092:
509:
500:In the 1 January 2006 edition of the
2445:
1637:
1329:
1277:, 26 April 2008 Magazine issue 2653.
1162:
1160:
1069:Boseley, Sarah (25 September 2003).
909:. (Societas) Imprint Academic 2018,
907:SCAM: So-Called Alternative Medicine
283:theses. He has received training in
185:Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
2389:University of St Mark & St John
1807:
1722:Ernst, Edzard (16 September 2022).
1666:British Journal of General Practice
1403:
1122:
646:British Journal of General Practice
503:British Journal of General Practice
443:
349:British Journal of General Practice
13:
2009:
1710:
1478:Thompson, Damian (26 April 2008).
1089:
469:Ernst was, in turn, criticised by
392:; and some plant extracts such as
14:
2600:
2053:
1790:"Charles, the Alternative Prince"
1451:Henderson, Mark (17 April 2008).
1298:Interview: Harcourt International
1157:
1099:Institute for Science in Medicine
1038:Davis, Nicola (19 October 2014).
643:Dougal Jeffries, writing for the
2524:Alternative medicine researchers
2519:German rehabilitation physicians
2496:
2484:
2472:
2444:
2433:
2432:
2304:University Chapel (Holy Trinity)
2229:
2132:Biographical note on the authors
1381:The Times, Monday 29 August 2005
895:with Kevin Smith. Springer 2018
817:. Oxford University Press 2008.
765:Homeopathy: A Critical Appraisal
706:publication, Ernst detailed the
667:Charles' accession to the throne
129:
2559:Critics of alternative medicine
2384:Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital
1979:
1936:
1914:
1902:
1883:
1871:
1782:
1741:
1660:Jeffries, Dougal (1 May 2018).
1653:
1471:
1375:
1323:
1289:
1280:
1262:
851:. (ed.) Imprint Academic 2008,
730:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
550:New England Journal of Medicine
454:In 2005, a report by economist
1214:
1185:
1104:
319:Work in complementary medicine
1:
2124:10.1016/S1360-8592(03)00075-5
1753:The Nightingale Collaboration
1200:The European Skeptics Podcast
1019:
612:) is therefore not an option.
458:, personally commissioned by
428:Ernst presented at the first
254:
2589:John Maddox Prize recipients
2263:Institute of Cornish Studies
1908:See publisher's details for
1614:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.038
653:Early retirement from Exeter
629:In a review of the book for
588:American Journal of Medicine
210:Ernst is the founder of two
183:Ernst served as chairman of
7:
2564:German emigrants to England
2309:University Chapel (St Luke)
1922:"CSI announces new Fellows"
1878:IMB newsletter, Issue No. 8
1815:"Our Supporters Include..."
1749:"Prof Edzard Ernst retires"
1543:Ian Sample (21 July 2008).
703:Annals of Internal Medicine
10:
2605:
2420:University of Exeter Press
2221:List of honorary graduates
2117:(1): 32–34. January 2004.
1390:Jo Revill, health editor.
1367:Paul Jump (23 June 2011).
801:An Evidence-Based Approach
712:Nazi human experimentation
696:Other work and recognition
447:
380:for labour pain; massage,
2428:
2397:
2366:
2317:
2271:
2238:
2227:
2181:
1899:. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
1371:. Times Higher Education.
1071:"Interview: Edzard Ernst"
867:. Imprint Academic 2015.
803:. Elsevier Science 2007.
570:In a 2008 interview with
384:, relaxation therapy for
267:Training and early career
153:
117:
113:
103:
96:
85:
77:
67:
42:
30:
23:
2539:The Guardian journalists
2258:Camborne School of Mines
1527:10.1056/NEJMbkrev0805020
1486:. London. Archived from
951:. Gräfe und Unzer 2021.
783:Elsevier Health Sciences
758:
406:congestive heart failure
193:Peninsula Medical School
2066:19 October 2012 at the
1952:10.1111/(issn)2042-7166
1895:16 January 2009 at the
745:, sponsored jointly by
665:Writing in 2022, after
464:National Health Service
313:Hannover Medical School
241:, sponsored jointly by
234:evidence-based medicine
141:recorded September 2015
2204:Professor Lisa Roberts
2138:Elsevier Science 2006
1967:Cite journal requires
1369:"Alternative outcomes"
614:
583:
568:
525:
520:Ernst lecturing about
426:
2584:Physicians from Hesse
2579:People from Wiesbaden
1824:on 26 September 2009.
1678:10.3399/bjgp18X696077
1339:skepticalinquirer.org
1256:10.1038/news.2011.322
719:Irish Medicines Board
597:
578:
563:
519:
456:Christopher Smallwood
418:
271:Ernst qualified as a
2174:University of Exeter
2091:List of publications
1578:22 June 2008 at the
1341:. Skeptical Inquirer
1222:"About Edzard Ernst"
660:University of Exeter
618:More Harm Than Good?
602:Bach flower remedies
422:More Good Than Harm?
370:palliative treatment
333:alternative medicine
189:University of Vienna
178:University of Exeter
125:Edzard Ernst's voice
108:University of Exeter
2343:Rugby Football Club
2279:Exeter Science Park
2248:Bill Douglas Centre
1584:Media Life Magazine
1484:The Daily Telegraph
1172:Sense About Science
747:Sense about Science
573:Media Life Magazine
528:In 2008, Ernst and
305:spinal manipulation
243:Sense about Science
2299:Halls of Residence
2194:Sir Michael Barber
1643:Skeptical Inquirer
1313:Skeptical Inquirer
679:snake-oil salesmen
632:Skeptical Inquirer
545:Trick or Treatment
526:
522:Trick or Treatment
511:Trick or Treatment
289:autogenic training
259:Ernst was born in
2460:
2459:
2338:Northcott Theatre
2211:List of academics
2030:10.1136/bmj.d4937
1993:. 3 November 2015
1924:. 7 February 2011
1410:Ernst, E (2006).
1224:. 10 October 2012
1007:, Springer 2024,
979:. Societas 2022.
857:978-1-84540-118-4
839:978-0-593-06129-9
823:978-0-19-920677-3
809:978-0-7234-3400-9
791:978-0-7234-3383-5
743:John Maddox Prize
606:spiritual healing
239:John Maddox Prize
167:
166:
134:
98:Scientific career
90:John Maddox Prize
2596:
2529:English sceptics
2501:
2500:
2499:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2294:Streatham Campus
2289:St Luke's Campus
2239:Departments and
2233:
2175:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2128:
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2003:
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1977:
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1965:
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1955:
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1918:
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1900:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
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1837:Ann. Intern. Med
1832:
1826:
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1820:. Archived from
1811:
1805:
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1800:
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1490:on 27 April 2008
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1271:– Michael Bond,
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1145:on 27 April 2009
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1050:
1035:
931:, 261 pages
917:, 225 pages
903:, 223 pages
875:, 173 pages
825:, 448 pages
811:, 349 pages
775:, 240 pages
450:Smallwood Report
444:Smallwood Report
212:medical journals
163:
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149:
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56:
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35:
21:
20:
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2534:German skeptics
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2463:
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2253:Business School
2240:
2234:
2225:
2199:Vice-Chancellor
2177:
2173:
2170:
2105:
2089:Google scholar:
2068:Wayback Machine
2062:– Ernst's blog
2060:edzardernst.com
2056:
2012:
2010:Further reading
2007:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1991:The Independent
1985:
1984:
1980:
1968:
1966:
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1956:
1946:. Wiley. 2015.
1942:
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1521:(19): 2076–77.
1515:N. Engl. J. Med
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993:Societas 2023.
965:Springer 2021.
937:Springer 2021.
881:Springer 2018.
761:
698:
655:
621:
610:crystal therapy
514:
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329:clinical trials
321:
301:massage therapy
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68:Alma mater
63:
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53:30 January 1948
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2216:List of alumni
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2073:PMS staff page
2070:
2055:
2054:External links
2052:
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2011:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1978:
1969:|journal=
1935:
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1843:(10): 789–92.
1827:
1806:
1781:
1779:, 25 July 2011
1772:Kate Kelland.
1765:
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1627:
1608:(11): 973–74.
1589:
1571:Heidi Dawley.
1564:
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1333:(April 2021).
1322:
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1112:"Edzard Ernst"
1103:
1088:
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1024:
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1021:
1018:
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1016:
1013:978-3031551017
1002:
999:978-1788361064
988:
985:978-1788360708
974:
971:978-3030741570
960:
957:978-3833877933
946:
943:978-3030531171
932:
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915:978-1845409708
904:
901:978-3319699400
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887:978-3319435909
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873:978-1845407773
860:
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700:In a May 1995
697:
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684:Ernst's book,
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477:Richard Horton
460:Prince Charles
448:Main article:
445:
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394:St John's wort
362:osteoarthritis
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1422:(522): 64–5.
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55:(age 76)
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2358:Bottle Match
2348:Xpression FM
2324:
2318:Student life
2135:
2114:
2110:
2021:
2017:
1995:. Retrieved
1990:
1981:
1960:cite journal
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1916:
1909:
1904:
1885:
1873:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1822:the original
1809:
1799:21 September
1797:. Retrieved
1793:
1784:
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1752:
1743:
1733:21 September
1731:. Retrieved
1728:Edzard Ernst
1727:
1672:(670): 241.
1669:
1665:
1655:
1646:
1642:
1605:
1601:
1587:Apr 21, 2008
1582:
1567:
1555:. Retrieved
1550:The Guardian
1548:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1492:. Retrieved
1488:the original
1483:
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1456:
1446:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1397:The Observer
1395:
1386:
1377:
1343:. Retrieved
1338:
1331:Vyse, Stuart
1325:
1316:
1312:
1291:
1282:
1272:
1264:
1247:
1226:. Retrieved
1216:
1204:. Retrieved
1197:
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
1171:
1147:. Retrieved
1143:the original
1116:The Guardian
1115:
1106:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:The Guardian
1074:
1047:. Retrieved
1044:The Guardian
1043:
1004:
990:
976:
962:
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671:
664:
656:
644:
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637:Harriet Hall
630:
628:
624:
622:
617:
598:
593:Michael Baum
591:, Ernst and
586:
584:
579:
571:
569:
564:
555:
548:
544:
533:
527:
521:
510:
501:
499:
491:Michael Peat
488:
480:
470:
468:
453:
438:chiropractic
429:
427:
421:
420:In our book
419:
366:aromatherapy
347:
345:
341:
337:
322:
270:
258:
246:
229:The Guardian
227:
221:
215:
209:
203:hospital in
182:
170:Edzard Ernst
169:
168:
104:Institutions
97:
37:Edzard Ernst
25:Edzard Ernst
18:
2574:1948 births
2333:Hockey Club
2329:(newspaper)
1794:Blackwell's
1649:(5): 59–61.
1177:16 December
1015:, 255 pages
1001:, 216 pages
987:, 210 pages
973:, 232 pages
959:, 224 pages
945:, 206 pages
889:, 151 pages
859:, 120 pages
793:, 556 pages
530:Simon Singh
354:acupuncture
297:homoeopathy
285:acupuncture
201:homeopathic
159:edzardernst
2513:Categories
2415:Exoniensis
2367:Affiliates
2189:Chancellor
1602:Am. J. Med
1345:9 December
1228:16 October
1198:the ESP –
1049:1 December
1020:References
532:published
495:retirement
472:The Lancet
434:homeopathy
398:depression
255:Early life
49:1948-01-30
2479:Biography
2024:: d4937.
1686:0960-1643
1457:The Times
1319:(3): 8–9.
482:The Times
293:herbalism
261:Wiesbaden
223:Perfusion
62:, Germany
60:Wiesbaden
2491:Medicine
2439:Category
2064:Archived
2046:21242227
2038:21816747
1928:7 August
1893:Archived
1818:Republic
1704:29700034
1622:19854319
1576:Archived
1553:. London
1459:. London
1438:16438825
1149:23 April
1077:. London
690:Republic
524:in 2012.
414:diabetes
410:guar gum
402:hawthorn
390:insomnia
378:hypnosis
2465:Portals
2451:Commons
2326:Exeposé
2241:centres
1997:2 April
1857:7717602
1777:Reuters
1758:26 June
1695:5916070
1557:21 July
1429:1821425
674:Reuters
547:in the
475:editor
386:anxiety
154:Website
2272:Campus
2182:People
2044:
2036:
1865:820239
1863:
1855:
1702:
1692:
1684:
1620:
1436:
1426:
1248:Nature
1206:9 July
1011:
997:
983:
969:
955:
941:
927:
913:
899:
885:
871:
855:
837:
821:
807:
789:
785:2006,
771:
752:Nature
374:cancer
358:nausea
309:Munich
273:doctor
248:Nature
205:Munich
86:Awards
2398:Other
2374:eSTAR
2042:S2CID
1861:S2CID
1494:1 May
1463:1 May
1081:1 May
759:Books
561:code:
368:as a
281:Ph.D.
197:Laing
2034:PMID
1999:2023
1973:help
1930:2011
1853:PMID
1801:2022
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