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307:; Dee apparently failed to impress either monarch enough to earn a permanent station. Dee and Kelley lived a nomadic life in Central Europe, meanwhile continuing their spiritual conferences. While Kelley was apparently more interested in alchemy than in scrying, Dee seemed more interested in making contact with the angels. Kelley's supposed value was as a medium, as only he was able to understand and scribe their language. According to those close to Dee (particularly his son Arthur) there was no little tension between the two men and their families as they journeyed through Europe.
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192:. He was born at Worcester on 1 August 1555, at 4 P.M. according to a horoscope that John Dee drew up (based on notes Dee kept in his almanac/diary). His sister Elizabeth was born in 1558, and he had a brother Thomas who later joined him in Dee's household. However, much of Kelley's life before meeting John Dee is not known. He may have studied at Oxford under the name of Talbot; whether or not he attended university, Kelly was educated and knew Latin and possibly some Greek by the time he met Dee.
559:, thereby proving Kelley was actually speaking with angels and not from his imagination. Second, the angels communicated that their language was actually the original prototype of Hebrew: the language with which God spoke to Adam, and thus the first human word. Third, the Angelical material takes the form of a set of conjurations which would summon an extremely powerful set of angels who would reveal many secrets to those who sought them, especially the key to the
211:, that he (Kelly) had spent some time in that House; whereupon I, recurring to the matriculation, could not find the name Kelly, only Talbot of Ireland, three of which name were students there in 1573, 74, &c... This relation being somewhat dubiously delivered to me, I must tell you that Kelly having an unsettled mind, left Oxford abruptly, without being entitled into the matricula." According to some accounts, Kelley was
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338:") had ordered them to share everything they had, including their wives. Dee, anguished by the "order" of the angels, subsequently broke off the spiritual conferences. He did, however, share his wife. This "cross-matching" occurred on 22 May 1587 and is noted in John Dee's diary: "May 22nd, Mistris Kelly received the sacrament, and to me and my wife gave her hand in charity; and we rushed not from her."
417:. His wife and stepdaughter attempted to hire an imperial counselor who might free Kelley from imprisonment, but he died a prisoner in late 1597/early 1598 of injuries received while attempting to escape. However, according to the account of Simon Tadeáš, Rudolf II's geologist, he poisoned himself in front of his wife and children.
334:(these notes are available in Dee's Book of Enoch). These notes show Kelley's initial commitment to the alchemists' mutual goal. However, he soon began to waver and expressed a desire to stop. Dee insisted that they continue. In 1587, possibly as an act to sever the sessions, Kelley revealed to Dee that the angels (namely a spirit "
219:, a common punishment during the Tudor Dynasty. He usually wore a cap on his head, and it was thought this was to hide his lack of ears. John Weever says, "Kelly (otherwise called Talbot) that famous English alchemist of our times, who flying out of his own country (after he had lost both his ears at Lancaster) was entertained with
314:, Germanico Malaspina, bishop of San Severo. Dee handled the interview with tact, but Kelley is said to have infuriated the nuncio by stating that one of the problems with the Catholic Church is the "poor conduct of many of the priests." The nuncio noted in a letter that he was tempted to toss Kelley out of the window (
341:
Though it seems the two shared an intimate and often cooperative partnership, it was often characterised as "quarrelsome" and "tense" by contemporaries and historians. Also they were clearly involved in activities that could be seen as heretical to the
Catholic Church of the time, so a certain amount
202:
that Kelley, "being about 17 years of age, at which time he attained to a competency of
Grammar learning at Worcester and elsewhere, was sent to Oxford, but to what house I cannot tell. However, I have been informed by an ancient Bachelor of Divinity who in his younger years had been an Amanuensis to
403:
By 1590 Kelley was living an opulent lifestyle in Europe, enjoying the patronage of nobility: he received several estates and large sums of money from
Rosenberg. Meanwhile, he continued his alchemical experiments until he had convinced Rudolf II that he was ready to start producing gold, the purpose
551:
in a crystal ball or mirror. He also described the angels as communicating by means of tapping out letters displayed in a rectangular tablet. The first third were tapped out with each
Angelical word backwards; the following two-thirds with each word forwards. There are no significant errors or
408:
outside Prague, supposedly for killing an official named Jiri
Hunkler in a duel; it is possible that he also did not want Kelley to escape before he had actually produced any gold. In 1595, Kelly agreed to co-operate and return to his alchemical work; he was released and restored to his former
275:, but are contradicted by Dee's diaries.) With the powder (whose secret was presumably hidden in the book) Kelley believed he could prepare a red "tincture" which would allow him to transmute base metals into gold. He reportedly demonstrated its power a few times over the years, including in
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and continued their research there (in Dee's journal, he states "Oct. 26th, Mr. Edward Kelly came to
Trebona from Prage"), and according to Dee's diary it was during this time that Kelley is said to have performed his first alchemical transmutation (on 19 December 1586). Kelley's skilled
245:, including "prayers for enlightenment... in the spirit of Dee's ecumenical hopes that alchemy and angelic knowledge would heal the rift of Christendom". Dee also believed that the angels held knowledge that would aid the English in their discoveries of new and uncharted lands on Earth.
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said also that Kelley dealt not justly by his father, and that afterwards imprisoned by the
Emperor in a castle, from whence attempting an escape down the wall, he fell and broke his leg and was imprisoned again."
256:, later described him as a 'kind stepfather' and noted how he took her in after the deaths of her two grandmothers. Kelley had also hired a Latin tutor for her, named John Hammond (Johannes Hammonius in Latin).
325:, a senior official from a powerful family who also shared Kelley and Dee's alchemical interests and is known to have participated in spiritual sessions with the two men. Kelley and Dee settled in the town of
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discrepancies in word usage between the first and following parts. The
English translations were not tapped out but, according to Kelley, appeared on little strips of paper coming out of the angels' mouths.
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of his work. Rudolf knighted him Sir Edward Kelley of Imany and New Lüben on 23 February 1590 (but it is possible that this happened in 1589). In May 1591, Rudolf had Kelley arrested and imprisoned in the
241:. Dee and Kelley devoted huge amounts of time and energy to these "spiritual conferences". From 1582 to 1589, Kelley's life was closely tied to Dee's. In those seven years, they conducted conferences or
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In
England in 1588 rumours circulated that Kelley was arrested by the Emperor for falsely advertising that he could transmute base metals to gold, a skill that Queen Elizabeth could employ.
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A few of Kelley's writings are extant today, including two alchemical verse treatises in
English, and three other treatises, which he dedicated to Rudolf II from prison. They were entitled
310:
Kelley and Dee's involvement in necromancy eventually caught the attention of the Catholic Church, and on 27 March 1587 they were required to defend themselves in a hearing with the
295:, a Polish nobleman interested in alchemy. In September of that year, Dee, Kelley, and their families left England with Łaski for the Continent. Dee sought the patronage of Emperor
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of tact and secrecy was required. Kelly left Dee at Třeboň in 1589, possibly to join the emperor's court at Prague. Dee returned to England. They did not see each other again.
648:
237:, or crystal-gazer, but he had not been successful. Kelley professed the ability to do so, and impressed Dee with his first trial. Kelley became Dee's regular scryer or
536:). Some say that this was all a farce, but are not clear whether Dee was a victim or an accomplice. Because of this precedent, and of a dubious connection between the
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Legends began to surround Kelley shortly after his death. His flamboyant biography, his relationships with Queen Elizabeth I's royal magus Sir John Dee and Emperor
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Dee considered the dictation of the Angelical material highly important for three reasons. First, Dee believed Angelical represented a documentable case of true
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in a "shew-stone" or mirror, which John Dee so valued, Kelley also said that he possessed the secret of transmuting base metals into gold, the goal of
171:, and his repute of having great alchemical skill and the ability to communicate with angels have all led to his relative notoriety among historians.
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528:, which he then relayed to Dee. Some modern cryptographers argue that Kelley invented it (see for example the introduction to
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582:: "Dee is careful to give his former skryer his full title 'Sir Edward Kelly, Knight, at the Emperor's Court at Prague.'"
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The Complete Enochian Dictionary: A Dictionary of the Angelic Language As Revealed to Dr. John Dee and Edward Kelley
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263:) and a quantity of a red powder which, Kelley said, he and a certain John Blokley had been led to by a "
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In October 1590 one of his associates, Ralph Lacy, a recusant from Yorkshire, arrived at the court of
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Kelley approached John Dee in 1582. Dee had already been trying to contact angels with the help of a
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Kelley's angels communicated to him in a special language termed 'Angelical', subsequently called
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High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of Edward Kelley in .jpg and .tiff format.
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A True and Faithful Relation of What Passed for Many Years Between John Dee and Some Spirits
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was between 1587 and 1588 his secretary at the court of Rudolf II, and also worked for the
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267:" at Northwick Hill. (Accounts of Kelley's finding the book and the powder in the ruins of
8:
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About a year after entering into Dee's service, Kelley appeared with an alchemical book (
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The Voynich Manuscript: the mysterious code that has defied interpretation for centuries
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Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots, 1547-1603
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544:), Kelley has been suspected of having fabricated that book too, to swindle Rudolf.
373:, an English diplomat, inviting Kelly to return to England and the queen's service.
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Much of Kelley's early life is obscure. He said he was descended from the family of
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Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries
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status. When he failed to produce any gold, he was again imprisoned, this time in
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Kelley said that Angelical was dictated by angels who he saw and heard by means
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The Private Diary of Dr. John Dee and the Catalog of His Library of Manuscripts
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926:"Beyond patronage: Michael Sendivogius and the meanings of success in alchemy"
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Quinti Libri Mysteriorum. Manuscript 3188, Sloane Collection, British Library
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Paracelsus: The Man and His Reputation, His Ideas and Their Transformation
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in Lancaster for forgery or counterfeiting. Both his ears were supposedly
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Tractatus duo egregii de lapide philosophorum una cum theatro astronomiae
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In 1586, Kelley and Dee found the patronage of the wealthy Bohemian Lord
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252:(1563–1606). He helped educate her two children: the girl, future poet
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draughtsmanship is evident in the notes taken by Dee during certain
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Mystical Metal of Gold: Essays on Alchemy and Renaissance Culture
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was suspicious of him, and persuaded James VI to send him back.
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investigations. Besides the professed ability to see spirits or
928:. In Pérez, Miguel López; Kahn, Didier; Bueno, Mar Rey (eds.).
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335:
233:
141:
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Schleiner, Louise (2004). "Kelley, Sir Edward (1555–1597/8)".
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Chymia: Science and Nature in Medieval and Early Modern Europe
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Dee experimented in optics, so these tools were always handy.
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113:
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Wilding, Michael. "Chapter 2". In Linden, Stanton J. (ed.).
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833:. Vol. 10. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register Office.
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was a somewhat common tradition in Prague at the time).
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from Prague. He had served the king's grandfather, the
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248:Kelley married a widow, Jane (or Joanna) Cooper of
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1142:Mysteriorum Liber Primus (with Latin translations)
1129:John Dee reports of Dee/Kelley Angel Conversations
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791:
824:– via The Invisible Basilica of Sabazius.
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444:(1676). The treatises have been translated as
829:Boyd, W. K.; Bain, J.; Dunlop, A. I. (1936).
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1238:People educated at King's School, Worcester
953:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
283:) where he and Dee resided for many years.
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44:An 18th-century engraving of Edward Kelley
38:
19:For other people named Edward Kelley, see
16:English alchemist, occultist (1555–1597/8)
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512:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1033:. New York: Magickal Childe Publishing.
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841:(2006). Halliwell, James Orchard (ed.).
563:, to god-like wisdom, and eternal life.
475:This section includes a list of general
446:The Alchemical Writings of Edward Kelley
375:
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1004:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
950:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
882:Kennedy, Gerry; Churchill, Rob (2004).
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749:, pp. 598–602, Appendix pp. 271-4.
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424:, an acquaintance of John Dee's son
291:In 1583, Dee became acquainted with
1124:Alchemical Writings of Edward Kelly
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810:"Sir Edward Kelly (1555-1595 e.v.)"
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1253:Prisoners and detainees of Austria
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645:"British Museum - Dr Dee's mirror"
481:it lacks sufficient corresponding
452:Angelical, the "Enochian" language
360:
133:; 1 August 1555 – 1597/8), was an
14:
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1117:
1054:Also available in a fair copy by
1258:Escapees from Austrian detention
1223:English people imprisoned abroad
1092:. New York: AMS. pp. 35–79.
651:from the original on 7 July 2010
530:The Complete Enochian Dictionary
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103:
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144:. He is known for working with
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792:Kennedy & Churchill (2004)
782:Bibl. Bodleian Ashmole MS 1788
759:Boyd, Bain & Dunlop (1936)
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21:Edward Kelley (disambiguation)
1:
1248:People of the Elizabethan era
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959:UK public library membership
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905:Linden, Stanton J. (2007).
808:Apiryon, T. (24 May 1995).
10:
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1164:John Dee and Edward Kelley
1148:Mysteriorum Liber Secundus
455:
18:
1151:Mysteriorum Liber Tertius
993:Annals of the Reformation
942:– via ResearchGate.
863:Grell, Ole Peter (1998).
396:. The English ambassador
345:The manuscript collector
287:With Dee on the Continent
64:
49:
37:
30:
983:– via JohnDee.org.
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271:were first published by
1198:16th-century occultists
1193:16th-century alchemists
496:more precise citations.
428:, in correspondence to
384:in Most, Czech Republic
1000:Wilson, A. N. (2012).
995:. Vol. 3. London.
932:. Cambridge Scholars.
924:Prinke, Rafał (2010).
540:and John Dee (through
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180:Birth and early career
967:Smith, Charlotte Fell
379:
138:Renaissance occultist
1208:Christian occultists
390:James VI of Scotland
380:Statue of Kelley at
323:William of Rosenberg
1203:Angelic visionaries
972:John Dee: 1527–1608
561:philosopher's stone
299:in Prague and King
261:The Book of Dunstan
227:With Dee in England
162:philosopher's stone
68:1597/8 (aged c. 42)
1218:English occultists
1213:English alchemists
1073:. Boston: Weiser.
1067:DuQuette, Lon Milo
538:Voynich Manuscript
386:
301:Stefan I of Poland
265:spiritual creature
200:Athenae Oxoniensis
1058:, Sloane MS 3677.
957:(Subscription or
909:. New York: AMS.
897:978-1-59477-129-3
849:Project Gutenberg
794:, pp. 60–68.
694:, pp. 35–79.
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269:Glastonbury Abbey
221:Rudolf the second
160:, as well as the
85:Sir Edward Kelley
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814:Red Flame
604:Citations
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297:Rudolf II
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175:Biography
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1069:(ed.).
549:scrying
490:improve
332:séances
277:Bohemia
243:seances
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190:Ireland
158:alchemy
150:magical
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1110:help
1090:2007
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