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this statue to Lake County". Despite the strong opposition from the public and nine mayors in the county, the Board of County
Commissioners voted on August 6, 2019, to approve the statue installation. Hundreds protested the transfer of the statue to Lake County on August 10, 2019, and citizen groups posted an online petition voicing opposition to the project, whose local sponsor was the
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307:. In 1863, Smith dispatched troops in an unsuccessful attempt to relieve the Siege of Vicksburg. After the United States took control of Vicksburg in July, the Trans-Mississippi Department was cut off from the rest of the Confederacy and became virtually an independent nation, nicknamed "Kirby Smithdom". In the
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is St. Augustine. At a County
Commission meeting on July 24, 2018, about 24 residents spoke against, and none in favor, of bringing the statue to Lake County. Chairman Sullivan assured the crowd that the commission would tell the Historical Museum "that there is no longer a want or desire to bring
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some of his collection and reports from his time at West Point. Smith continued his botanical studies as a hobby for the remainder of his life. He is credited with collecting and describing several species of plants native to
Tennessee and Florida. Smith was assigned to teach mathematics at West
881:. There the family lived happily until the end of his life. They had five sons and six daughters: Caroline (1862–1941), Frances (1864–1930), Edmund (1866–1938), Lydia (1868–1962), Nina (1870–1965), Elizabeth (1872–1937), Reynold (1874–1962), William (1876–1967), Josephine (1878–1961),
1056:. This is the first public sculpture in the city to commemorate an African-American man. Kirby-Smith said that she suspected Darnes was related to Smith as a half-brother or nephew, as her detailed work on the statues made her aware of the two men's close physical resemblance.
710:. He had to command a nearly independent area of the Confederacy, with all the inherent administrative problems. The area became known in the Confederacy as "Kirby Smithdom". He was thought of as a virtual military dictator and negotiated directly with foreign countries.
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With the pressure relieved to the north, Smith attempted to send reinforcements east of the
Mississippi. But, as in the case of his earlier attempts to relieve Vicksburg, it proved impossible due to U.S. Navy control of the river. Instead, he dispatched Major-General
839:. Part of his collection from those years was donated to the universities of North Carolina and Harvard, and to the Smithsonian Institution. He kept up a correspondence with botanists at other institutions. He taught at the University of the South until he died of
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tightened their grip on the river, Smith attempted to intervene. However, his department never had more than 30,000 men stationed over an immense area, and he could not concentrate forces adequately to challenge Grant nor the U.S. Navy on the river.
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855:, he still found time for wooing. The couple married on September 24. Cassie wrote on October 10, 1862, from Lynchburg, asking what to name their first child. She suggested, "something uncommon as I consider her an
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On
January 14, 1863, Smith was transferred to command the Trans-Mississippi Department (comprising Arkansas, Missouri, Texas, western Louisiana, Arizona Territory, and the Indian Territory). He remained west of the
299:, the Confederacy's unsuccessful attempt to capture Kentucky in 1862. He was appointed as commander of the Trans-Mississippi Department in January 1863. The area included most actions east of the
870:, where she remained for the duration of the war. After the war's end, Cassie traveled to Washington to negotiate for her husband's return to the United States from Cuba, where he had fled.
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He quickly fled to Mexico and then to Cuba to avoid arrest for treason. His wife negotiated his return during the period when the U.S. government offered amnesty to those who would take an
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1090:"... for the signal victory achieved by him in the battle of Richmond, Kentucky, on the thirtieth of August, and to all officers and soldiers of his command engaged in that battle" (
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Lee and His
Lieutenants: Comprising the Early Life, Public Services, and Campaigns of General Robert E. Lee and His Companions in Arms, with a Record of Their Campaigns and Heroic Deeds
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By now a general (as of
February 19, 1864, one of seven generals in the Confederate Army), Smith negotiated the surrender of his department on May 26, 1865. While Brigadier General
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Smith also taught at West Point after the war. He collected and studied materials as a botanist; like many other military officers, he was also a scientist. He donated to the
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on July 21. Wounded severely in the neck and shoulder, he recuperated while commanding the
Department of Middle and East Florida. He returned to duty on October 11 as a
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was surrounded by
Federal troops who suspected the general of harboring Smith. All the inhabitants were locked in a cotton press overnight. Beauregard complained to
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On July 1, 1841, Smith entered West Point and graduated four years later in 1845, ranking 25th out of 41 cadets. While there, he was nicknamed "Seminole", after the
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382:, where their older children were born. The family moved to Florida in 1821, as the senior Smith was appointed as a Superior Court judge in the new
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1995:
A Civil War
Treasury: Being a Miscellany of Arms and Artillery, Facts and Figures, Legends and Lore, Muses and Minstrels, Personalities and People
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In August 1861, Smith met Cassie Selden (1836–1905), the daughter of Samuel S. Selden of Lynchburg. While recovering from being wounded at the
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in St. Augustine. His commanding officer at the fort was the young Smiths' uncle. Webster later served in the Mexican–American War and died of
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to the United States. After the war, Smith worked in the telegraph and railway industries. He also served as a professor of mathematics at the
557:; he expressed his willingness to fight to hold it. On April 6, he resigned his commission in the United States Army to join the Confederacy.
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in an imaginary meeting (see below) was made by Maria Kirby Smith, a great-granddaughter of Smith. It is installed in the courtyard of the
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In February 1862, Smith was sent west to command the eastern division of the Army of Mississippi (often referred to prematurely as the
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Small, John K. "Studies in the Botany of the Southeastern United States.-Ix. I. The Sessile-Flowered Trillia of the Southern States."
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Returning to troop-leading assignments, Smith served in the Southwest. On May 13, 1859, he was wounded in his thigh while fighting
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person enslaved by his family, who was forced to work as his valet until emancipation and who may have been his half-brother.
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regiment did not surrender until June 23, 1865, Smith was the last full general to do so and signed the terms of surrender in
390:. He was interested in botany and nature, but in 1836, Smith's parents sent their second son to a military boarding school in
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After the war, Smith was active in the telegraph business and higher education. From 1866 to 1868, he was president of the
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in 1893. He was the last surviving full general from the Civil War. He is buried in the University Cemetery at Sewanee.
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and their closing of the Mississippi to the Confederacy, Smith was virtually cut off from the Confederate capital at
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499:. His older brother, Ephraim Kirby Smith (1807–1847), who graduated from West Point in 1826 and was a captain in the
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Matthew White, "Science, Race and Reunion: The Memorialization of Edmund Kirby Smith and His Slave Alexander Darnes"
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In the spring of 1864, General Taylor, directly under Smith's command, soundly defeated General Banks at the
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in the Nescutunga Valley of Kansas. also known as the Battle of Crooked Creek (Kansas). When Texas declared
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A Crisis in Confederate Command: Edmund Kirby Smith, Richard Taylor and the Army of the Trans-Mississippi
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people of Florida who had successfully resisted removal by the United States. He was commissioned as a
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Point from 1849 to 1852. According to his letters to his mother, he was happy with this environment.
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Commentary: Statue of Confederate general is no 'piece of art,' has no place in Lake County museum
959:, inventor of mechanical refrigeration and air conditioning.) On March 19, 2018, Florida Governor
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The Camden Expedition of 1864 and the Opportunity Lost by the Confederacy to Change the Civil War
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on July 1, 1845. Smith was promoted to second lieutenant on August 22, 1846, now serving in the
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1322:"What if Gen. Kirby Smith's statue was replaced by one of his former slave, Alex Darnes, M.D.?"
1213:, The Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, accessed November 25, 2013.
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Julie B. Maglio, "Sculpture of Confederate General to be removed from Statuary Hall in D.C."
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Harpers' Popular Cyclopaedia of United States History from the Aboriginal Period to 1876
741:. This decision, vehemently opposed by Taylor, caused great enmity between the two men.
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Webster, Frances Marvin Smith; Webster, Lucien Bonaparte (2000), Baker, Van R. (ed.),
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on January 31, 1861, refused to surrender his command at Camp Colorado in what is now
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1811:"Lake County asks Gov. DeSantis to move statue of Confederate out of their community"
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In 1875, Smith left that post to become a professor of mathematics and botany at the
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in Jacksonville was named for him. It was renamed Springfield Middle School in 2020.
992:. On July 7, 2020, Lake County commissioners voted 4–1 against accepting the statue.
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in Tennessee. He botanized plant specimens and bequeathed his collection to the
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On March 16, 1861, Smith entered the Confederate States Army as a major in the
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315:, who defeated a combined Union Army and Navy assault under U.S. Major-General
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of Spring 1864, he commanded victorious Confederate troops under Major-General
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1711:"Florida to replace Confederate statue at US Capitol with civil-rights leader"
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The Websters: Letters of an American Army Family in Peace and War, 1836–1853
1591:. National Society of Colonial Dames of America in Tennessee. Archived from
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1585:"Vanderbilt Collection – Peabody Campus – Wyatt Center: Edmund Kirby Smith"
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Edmund Kirby-Smith Papers, Record Group #404 Southern Historical Collection
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1797:"Hundreds protest Confederate statue in Lake County: 'It is dividing us'"
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Following the U.S. capture of the remaining strongholds at Vicksburg and
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Kirby Smith's Confederacy : the Trans-Mississippi South, 1863–1865
1874:, vol. 25 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 260
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Kirby Smith's Confederacy : the Trans-Mississippi South, 1863–1865
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2199:, edited and with Introduction by R.M. Johnston, scanned and reissued.
1384:"Letter from Edmund K. Smith to Frances K. Smith, February 14, 1849",
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signed legislation to replace the statue with one of African-American
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on April 9, Smith joined Taylor and dispatched half of Taylor's army,
394:, and strongly encouraged a military career. He later enrolled in the
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32:
2219:
Raising the White Flag: How Surrender Defined the American Civil War
447:
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To Mexico with Scott: Letters of Captain E. Kirby Smith to His Wife
1907:
The American Frontier: Pioneers, Settlers, & Cowboys, 1800–1899
1883:(Organization); Confederated Southern Memorial Association (U.S.);
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904:" and Ephraim was selected for Sewanee's All-Time football team.
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753:. He conducted the war west of the river through small raids and
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862:
The couple briefly reunited when Cassie followed her husband to
4916:
List of films and television shows about the American Civil War
1579:
1577:
1756:"Lake County Commission does about-face on confederate statue"
648:. On October 9, he was promoted to the newly created grade of
1129:. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 2015, p. 72.
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In 1875, Smith accepted an appointment as a professor at the
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After that war, Smith served as a captain (from 1855) in the
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1815:
1689:"Florida House panel OKs bill to remove Confederate statue"
1003:, where he taught, he is commemorated by Kirby-Smith Point.
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status in football. Joseph was a member of the famed 1899 "
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2221:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019.
1971:
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Reynold, William, Joseph, and Ephraim all played for the
776:. He immediately left the country for Mexico and then to
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Monaghan, Jay (April 1974). "Review of Robert L. Kerby,
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Biennial Conference, Orlando, Florida; Academia website.
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American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
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for the balance of the war, based part of this time in
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Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders.
866:
in February 1863. In the spring of 1864, she moved to
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Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.
1552:"Bushrod Johnson: Yankee Quaker, Confederate General"
1298:"Alexander Darnes and Kirby Smith Share Rare History"
1210:
Edmund Kirby-Smith Papers, 1776–1906 (bulk 1840–1866)
660:" on February 17, 1864, for his actions at Richmond.
245:(May 16, 1824 – March 28, 1893) was a
2034:, College Station: Texas A&M University Press,
1709:Sexton, Christine; Saunders, Jim (March 21, 2018).
1266:, ed. by Van R. Baker, Kent State University, 2000.
545:from the United States in 1861, Smith, promoted to
2184:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press,
2152:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press,
2057:
2014:Struggle for a Vast Future: The American Civil War
1904:
1388:, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina
1110:Stars and Bars ... and Botany: E. Kirby Smith
749:, with all available cavalry, on an unsuccessful
319:. On June 2, 1865, Smith surrendered his army at
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4602:Confederate States presidential election of 1861
2060:The Library of Congress Civil War Desk Reference
1044:In 2004, a life-sized statue of Kirby Smith and
413:in 1853 when stationed on the Texas frontier at
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378:Kirby) Smith. Both his parents were natives of
4426:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S.
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1027:During World War II the 422-foot (129 m)
1018:, in Jacksonville, Florida, are named for him.
859:baby." The new baby was later named Caroline.
572:; that day, he was transferred to the regular
323:, the last general with a major field force.
2312:
1833:, Duval County Public Schools, June 16, 2020.
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678:A plaque marking Smith's former residence at
580:. After serving briefly as Brigadier-General
5114:Sewanee: The University of the South faculty
2011:
1924:
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596:on June 17, 1861. He was given command of a
5109:Sewanee: The University of the South alumni
5104:People of Florida in the American Civil War
2267:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1981:Mechem, Kirke; Malin, James Claude (1964),
1980:
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16:Confederate States Army general (1824–1893)
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1072:List of people from St. Augustine, Florida
553:, to the Texas State Troops under Colonel
31:
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1161:
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1127:Guide to the vascular plants of Tennessee
1084:
733:, northward to defeat U.S. Major-General
2515:Treatment of slaves in the United States
2029:
1911:, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press,
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1184:
1067:List of Confederate States Army generals
943:In 1922, the state of Florida erected a
812:. When that effort failed, he started a
673:
446:
442:
345:
4258:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War
2430:South Carolina Declaration of Secession
1955:
1774:
1492:
1398:
1392:
1171:
947:as one of Florida's two statues in the
896:team. Joseph and Ephraim both achieved
360:Edmund Kirby Smith was born in 1824 in
5134:United States Military Academy faculty
5011:
4243:Modern display of the Confederate flag
2326:
2110:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co.,
1753:
1549:
1504:
1411:Wagner, Gallagher & Finkelman 2002
1404:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1216:
1156:
810:Atlantic and Pacific Telegraph Company
780:, to escape potential prosecution for
772:, on June 2, nearly eight weeks after
5129:United States Military Academy alumni
5079:Confederate States Army full generals
4461:
3850:
3414:
2637:
2440:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers
2338:
2300:
2121:
1946:
1899:
1613:
1607:
1441:
1435:
1372:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
955:in Washington, D.C. (The other is of
824:. He served as the chancellor of the
729:, under the command of Major-General
694:. As forces under U.S. Major-General
560:
373:
295:and distinguished himself during the
5039:19th-century American businesspeople
1989:
1637:: 563. 1907 – via archive.org.
1319:
1254:
971:. The statue was to be moved to the
932:A portrait of Edmund Kirby Smith by
623:
401:In 1837, his sister Frances married
284:, Smith served as an officer of the
4597:Committee on the Conduct of the War
4273:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1889:United Daughters of the Confederacy
1659:
1239:
1008:United Daughters of the Confederacy
13:
5094:People from St. Augustine, Florida
5084:Deaths from pneumonia in Tennessee
4667:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864
4462:
4006:impeachment managers investigation
2385:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
2169:. New York: E.B. Treat & Co,
2099:
2064:, New York: Simon & Schuster,
1972:Maritime Activity Reports (1942),
1775:Ritchie, Lauren (August 5, 2019).
1649:"Sewanee's All-Time Football Team"
1550:Morris, Roy Jr. (March 29, 2017).
1534:"America: Arrival of 'The Cuba'",
1307:, Jacksonville Historical Society.
656:. Smith received the Confederate "
14:
5150:
4092:Reconstruction military districts
2540:Abolitionism in the United States
2495:Plantations in the American South
2410:Origins of the American Civil War
2251:
1985:, Kansas State Historical Society
1951:, New York: Konecky & Konecky
1151:Florida Museum of Natural History
1014:, and the Kirby-Smith Camp 1209,
949:National Statuary Hall Collection
351:Edmund Kirby Smith's boyhood home
4996:
4984:
4972:
4946:
4937:
4936:
4075:Enforcement Act of February 1871
4048:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867
1054:St. Augustine Historical Society
846:
471:. He later served under General
280:) from 1863 to 1865. Before the
232:
5089:Military personnel from Florida
5044:19th-century American educators
5034:19th-century American botanists
4860:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864
4722:When Johnny Comes Marching Home
4283:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
2180:Prushankin, Jeffery S. (2005),
2163:Pollard, Edward Alfred (1867),
2150:General Edmund Kirby Smith, CSA
2084:, Kent State University Press,
1983:The Kansas Historical Quarterly
1824:
1803:
1789:
1768:
1747:
1735:
1702:
1681:
1641:
1619:
1543:
1528:
1447:
1377:
1364:
1260:
1006:The Kirby-Smith Chapter of the
5099:People from Sewanee, Tennessee
5054:American expatriates in Mexico
3963:Southern Homestead Act of 1866
1843:Maritime Activity Reports 1942
1487:Maritime Activity Reports 1942
1202:
1190:
1147:General Kirby Smith Collection
1140:
1119:
1102:
396:United States Military Academy
1:
4378:Ladies' Memorial Associations
4080:Enforcement Act of April 1871
3976:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
3851:
2195:Smith, Ephraim Kirby (2006),
2148:Parks, Joseph Howard (1954),
2030:Townsend, Stephen A. (2006),
2016:, Oxford: Osprey Publishing,
1956:Lossing, Benson John (1881),
1933:, Stanford University Press,
1851:
1754:McNiff, Tim (July 24, 2018).
1041:, in 1943, and named for him.
936:hangs in the Wyatt Center at
803:
640:, he scored a victory at the
459:, Smith served under General
5119:Trans-Mississippi Department
5049:American expatriates in Cuba
4511:Confederate revolving cannon
4253:Sons of Confederate Veterans
4124:South Carolina riots of 1876
4102:Indian Council at Fort Smith
4053:South Carolina riots of 1876
4018:Knights of the White Camelia
2510:Slavery in the United States
2206:. New York: Facts on File,
2204:Who Was Who in the Civil War
2106:Forsyth, Michael J. (2003),
2032:The Yankee Invasion of Texas
2012:Sheehan-Dean, Aaron (2007),
1947:Jones, Katharine M. (1955),
1881:Sons of Confederate Veterans
1320:Call, James (June 5, 2016).
1016:Sons of Confederate Veterans
990:Sons of Confederate Veterans
929:. It was demolished in 2022.
721:on April 8, 1864. After the
670:Trans-Mississippi Department
664:Trans-Mississippi Department
632:). Cooperating with General
469:Battle of Resaca de la Palma
254:Trans-Mississippi Department
206:Trans-Mississippi Department
7:
5139:Sigma Alpha Epsilon members
5124:United States Army officers
4865:New York City riots of 1863
4690:Battle Hymn of the Republic
4441:United Confederate Veterans
4278:Children of the Confederacy
4268:United Confederate Veterans
4263:Southern Historical Society
3415:
2895:Price's Missouri Expedition
2365:Timeline leading to the War
2339:
2132:University of Alabama Press
2126:. Reprint of 1972 edition.
1997:, New York: Da Capo Press,
1885:United Confederate Veterans
1865:"Smith, Edmund Kirby"
1303:September 28, 2009, at the
1060:
766:1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles
654:3d Corps, Army of Tennessee
364:, as the youngest child of
201:3d Corps, Army of Tennessee
10:
5155:
4833:Confederate Secret Service
4421:Grand Army of the Republic
4313:Grand Army of the Republic
4131:Southern Claims Commission
1589:Tennessee Portrait Project
1461:American Historical Review
1374:24, no. 4 (1897): 169–178.
1197:Webster & Webster 2000
1166:Webster & Webster 2000
917:building on the campus of
784:. In August of that year,
667:
4932:
4908:
4821:Confederate States dollar
4793:
4735:
4680:
4632:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863
4627:Emancipation Proclamation
4589:
4521:Medal of Honor recipients
4478:
4474:
4457:
4409:Confederate Memorial Hall
4391:
4370:
4328:
4300:
4291:
4211:Confederate Memorial Hall
4184:Confederate History Month
4164:Civil War Discovery Trail
4144:
4065:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867
3896:
3871:Reconstruction Amendments
3861:
3857:
3846:
3768:
3637:
3630:
3570:
3434:
3427:
3423:
3410:
3352:
3099:
3092:
2923:
2779:
2738:
2706:
2673:
2666:
2662:
2633:
2530:
2480:Emancipation Proclamation
2448:
2349:
2345:
2334:
2263:Edmund Kirby-Smith Papers
2202:Sifakis, Stewart (1988),
2122:Kerby, Robert L. (1991).
1627:"Mrs. Cassie Kirby-Smith"
1022:Kirby Smith Middle School
907:
774:Robert E. Lee's surrender
618:Army of Northern Virginia
291:Smith was wounded at the
228:
214:
193:
170:
149:
126:
105:
93:
76:
56:
48:
30:
23:
4895:U.S. Sanitary Commission
4806:Battlefield preservation
4712:Marching Through Georgia
4637:Hampton Roads Conference
4612:Confiscation Act of 1862
4607:Confiscation Act of 1861
4383:U.S. national cemeteries
4189:Confederate Memorial Day
4174:Civil War Trails Program
4043:New Orleans riot of 1866
2292:Architect of the Capitol
1353:August 23, 2017, at the
1283:Eicher & Eicher 2001
1092:Eicher & Eicher 2001
1077:
853:First Battle of Manassas
800:, on November 14, 1865.
606:First Battle of Bull Run
592:, Smith was promoted to
505:Battle of Molino del Rey
403:Lucien Bonaparte Webster
342:Early life and education
293:First Battle of Bull Run
100:Sewanee, Tennessee, U.S.
5074:Confederate expatriates
4816:Confederate war finance
4436:Southern Cross of Honor
4404:1938 Gettysburg reunion
4399:1913 Gettysburg reunion
4097:Reconstruction Treaties
4070:Enforcement Act of 1870
3953:Freedman's Savings Bank
2570:Lane Debates on Slavery
2395:Lincoln–Douglas debates
1931:Civil War High Commands
1879:Cunningham, Sumner A.;
1871:Encyclopædia Britannica
1744:Retrieved July 2, 2018.
1556:Warfare History Network
1537:The Manchester Guardian
1511:Mechem & Malin 1964
1050:Segui-Kirby Smith House
997:University of the South
945:statue of General Smith
927:Edmund Kirby Smith Hall
894:Sewanee Tigers football
875:University of the South
833:University of the South
826:University of Nashville
723:Battle of Pleasant Hill
531:Smithsonian Institution
380:Litchfield, Connecticut
332:University of the South
247:Confederate States Army
141:Confederate States Army
4875:Richmond riots of 1863
4801:Baltimore riot of 1861
4581:U.S. Military Railroad
4501:Confederate Home Guard
4233:Historiographic issues
4199:Historical reenactment
2698:Revenue Cutter Service
2565:William Lloyd Garrison
2474:Dred Scott v. Sandford
967:activist and educator
682:
604:, which he led at the
602:Army of the Shenandoah
452:
451:Smith in uniform, 1861
362:St. Augustine, Florida
357:
355:St. Augustine, Florida
70:St. Augustine, Florida
5064:American slave owners
4840:Great Revival of 1863
4717:Maryland, My Maryland
4506:Confederate railroads
4169:Civil War Roundtables
4038:Meridian riot of 1871
4033:Memphis riots of 1866
2590:George Luther Stearns
2575:Elijah Parish Lovejoy
2468:Crittenden Compromise
2048:Wagner, Margaret E.;
1595:on September 15, 2015
1108:Carol Ann McCormick.
975:Historical Museum in
953:United States Capitol
938:Vanderbilt University
692:Shreveport, Louisiana
680:Shreveport, Louisiana
677:
450:
443:Early military career
349:
336:University of Florida
150:Years of service
5069:Burials in Tennessee
4727:Daar kom die Alibama
4642:National Union Party
4318:memorials to Lincoln
4238:Lost Cause mythology
3943:Eufaula riot of 1874
3931:Confederate refugees
3144:District of Columbia
2771:Union naval blockade
2617:Underground Railroad
2405:Nullification crisis
1960:, New York: Harper,
1667:"Edmund Kirby Smith"
1562:on November 18, 2017
1540:, September 4, 1865.
1327:Tallahassee Democrat
1114:UNC Herbarium Report
1039:Panama City, Florida
818:New Castle, Kentucky
751:invasion of Missouri
646:Battle of Perryville
638:invasion of Kentucky
457:Mexican–American War
219:Mexican–American War
98:University Cemetery,
4885:Supreme Court cases
4652:Radical Republicans
4431:Old soldiers' homes
4415:Confederate Veteran
4341:artworks in Capitol
4060:Reconstruction acts
3921:Colfax riot of 1873
2885:Richmond-Petersburg
2490:Fugitive slave laws
2420:Popular sovereignty
2400:Missouri Compromise
2390:Kansas-Nebraska Act
2273:General information
1893:Confederate Veteran
1653:Sewanee Alumni News
1631:Confederate Veteran
1616:, pp. 177–179.
1525:, pp. 136–137.
1501:, pp. 145–147.
1489:, pp. 101–102.
1285:, pp. 493–494.
1257:, pp. 347–348.
1125:Chester, Edward W.
1052:, now owned by the
969:Mary McLeod Bethune
828:from 1870 to 1875.
798:Lynchburg, Virginia
727:Walker's Greyhounds
715:Battle of Mansfield
465:Battle of Palo Alto
368:, an attorney, and
297:Heartland Offensive
5019:Edmund Kirby Smith
4979:American Civil War
4706:A Lincoln Portrait
4647:Politicians killed
4571:U.S. Balloon Corps
4566:Union corps badges
4346:memorials to Davis
4216:Disenfranchisement
4087:Reconstruction era
3968:Timber Culture Act
3926:Compromise of 1877
2890:Franklin–Nashville
2560:Frederick Douglass
2463:Cornerstone Speech
2380:Compromise of 1850
2328:American Civil War
2288:Edmund Kirby Smith
2279:Edmund Kirby Smith
2050:Gallagher, Gary W.
1799:. August 11, 2019.
1001:Sewanee, Tennessee
879:Sewanee, Tennessee
837:Sewanee, Tennessee
814:preparatory school
786:General Beauregard
737:'s incursion into
731:John George Walker
719:Red River Campaign
683:
658:Thanks of Congress
650:lieutenant-general
642:Battle of Richmond
582:Joseph E. Johnston
578:lieutenant-colonel
561:American Civil War
555:Benjamin McCulloch
453:
358:
317:Nathaniel P. Banks
309:Red River Campaign
286:United States Army
282:American Civil War
252:, who oversaw the
243:Edmund Kirby Smith
223:American Civil War
136:United States Army
118:Confederate States
87:Sewanee, Tennessee
37:Smith in uniform,
25:Edmund Kirby Smith
4960:
4959:
4928:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4758:Italian Americans
4743:African Americans
4700:John Brown's Body
4453:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4366:
4365:
4204:Robert E. Lee Day
3948:Freedmen's Bureau
3911:Brooks–Baxter War
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3626:
3625:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
2815:Northern Virginia
2761:Trans-Mississippi
2734:
2733:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2521:Uncle Tom's Cabin
2458:African Americans
2244:978-0-8071-0823-9
2227:978-1-4696-4972-6
2217:Silkenat, David.
2212:978-0-8160-2202-1
2190:978-0-8071-3088-9
2158:978-0-8071-1800-9
2116:978-0-7864-1554-0
2071:978-0-684-86350-4
2041:978-1-58544-487-8
2023:978-1-84603-213-4
2004:978-0-306-80622-3
1949:Heroines of Dixie
1940:978-0-8047-3641-1
1925:Eicher, John H.;
1918:978-0-8061-3129-0
1901:Davis, William C.
1895:, S.A. Cunningham
1831:"Meeting Minutes"
1499:Sheehan-Dean 2007
934:Cornelius Hankins
885:(1882–1939), and
755:guerrilla warfare
688:Mississippi River
652:, commanding the
630:Army of Tennessee
624:Army of Tennessee
616:commander in the
594:brigadier-general
590:Shenandoah Valley
576:with the rank of
437:7th U.S. Infantry
433:5th U.S. Infantry
429:second lieutenant
384:Florida Territory
305:Mississippi River
274:Arizona Territory
240:
239:
52:"Ted", "Seminole"
5146:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4968:
4950:
4940:
4939:
4763:Native Americans
4748:German Americans
4541:Partisan rangers
4536:Official Records
4476:
4475:
4459:
4458:
4351:memorials to Lee
4298:
4297:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3847:
3635:
3634:
3432:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3412:
3411:
3385:Washington, D.C.
3179:Indian Territory
3139:Dakota Territory
3097:
3096:
3014:Chancellorsville
2805:Jackson's Valley
2795:Blockade runners
2671:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2635:
2634:
2595:Thaddeus Stevens
2585:Lysander Spooner
2545:Susan B. Anthony
2347:
2346:
2336:
2335:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2145:
2094:
2074:
2063:
2044:
2026:
2007:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1952:
1943:
1927:Eicher, David J.
1921:
1910:
1896:
1875:
1867:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1818:(Fox 35 Orlando)
1807:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1782:Orlando Sentinel
1772:
1766:
1765:
1761:Daily Commercial
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1723:on June 16, 2020
1719:. Archived from
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1655:. February 1949.
1645:
1639:
1638:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1558:. Archived from
1547:
1541:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1381:
1375:
1368:
1362:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1317:
1308:
1295:
1286:
1280:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1237:
1227:
1214:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1144:
1138:
1123:
1117:
1106:
1095:
1088:
1046:Alexander Darnes
981:St. Johns County
868:Hempstead, Texas
794:General Sheridan
770:Galveston, Texas
735:Frederick Steele
696:Ulysses S. Grant
586:adjutant general
520:Alexander Darnes
512:2nd U.S. Cavalry
481:first lieutenant
377:
366:Joseph Lee Smith
321:Galveston, Texas
303:and west of the
278:Indian Territory
236:
156:1845–1861 (U.S.)
83:
66:
64:
43:
35:
21:
20:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5009:
5008:
5007:
4997:
4995:
4985:
4983:
4973:
4971:
4963:
4961:
4956:
4920:
4904:
4789:
4753:Irish Americans
4731:
4676:
4585:
4576:U.S. Home Guard
4516:Field artillery
4470:
4469:
4445:
4387:
4362:
4324:
4293:
4287:
4179:Civil War Trust
4146:
4140:
4028:Ethnic violence
4013:Kirk–Holden war
3892:
3853:
3830:
3764:
3622:
3566:
3419:
3394:
3348:
3101:
3088:
2919:
2900:Sherman's March
2880:Bermuda Hundred
2775:
2730:
2702:
2658:
2657:
2621:
2580:J. Sella Martin
2550:James G. Birney
2526:
2444:
2370:Bleeding Kansas
2358:
2341:
2330:
2325:
2254:
2249:
2233:Warner, Ezra J.
2142:
2102:
2100:Further reading
2097:
2092:
2072:
2054:Finkelman, Paul
2042:
2024:
2005:
1991:Nofi, Albert A.
1941:
1919:
1854:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1820:. July 7, 2020.
1809:
1808:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1773:
1769:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1716:Palm Beach Post
1707:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1548:
1544:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1430:Cunningham 1992
1428:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1401:, p. 1306.
1397:
1393:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1369:
1365:
1361:, May 31, 2016.
1355:Wayback Machine
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1318:
1311:
1305:Wayback Machine
1296:
1289:
1281:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1240:
1234:Phi Alpha Theta
1228:
1217:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1172:
1164:
1157:
1145:
1141:
1124:
1120:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:, p. 494).
1089:
1085:
1080:
1063:
910:
849:
822:Bushrod Johnson
806:
672:
666:
626:
563:
514:, primarily in
445:
344:
328:oath of loyalty
301:Rocky Mountains
221:
210:
189:
166:
145:
122:
101:
99:
85:
81:
68:
62:
60:
44:
41:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5152:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5006:
5005:
4993:
4981:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4944:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4912:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4900:Women soldiers
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4855:Naming the war
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4491:Campaign Medal
4488:
4482:
4480:
4472:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4466:Related topics
4463:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4304:
4302:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4213:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4194:Decoration Day
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4150:
4148:
4147:Reconstruction
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4003:
4001:second inquiry
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3958:Homestead Acts
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3906:Alabama Claims
3902:
3900:
3898:Reconstruction
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3886:15th Amendment
3883:
3881:14th Amendment
3878:
3876:13th Amendment
3867:
3865:
3855:
3854:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3507:J. E. Johnston
3504:
3502:A. S. Johnston
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3442:R. H. Anderson
3438:
3436:
3429:
3421:
3420:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3304:South Carolina
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3279:North Carolina
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:Fredericksburg
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2944:Wilson's Creek
2941:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2756:Lower Seaboard
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2668:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2612:Harriet Tubman
2609:
2608:
2607:
2600:Charles Sumner
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2435:States' rights
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2285:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2252:External links
2250:
2248:
2247:
2230:
2215:
2200:
2193:
2178:
2161:
2146:
2140:
2119:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:978-0873386548
2090:
2075:
2070:
2045:
2040:
2027:
2022:
2009:
2003:
1987:
1978:
1976:, vol. 29
1969:
1953:
1944:
1939:
1922:
1917:
1897:
1876:
1862:, ed. (1911),
1860:Chisholm, Hugh
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1845:, p. 135.
1835:
1823:
1802:
1788:
1767:
1746:
1734:
1701:
1680:
1658:
1640:
1618:
1606:
1573:
1542:
1527:
1515:
1513:, p. 281.
1503:
1491:
1479:
1468:(2): 588–589.
1446:
1434:
1432:, p. 166.
1415:
1413:, p. 422.
1403:
1391:
1376:
1363:
1340:
1309:
1287:
1268:
1259:
1238:
1215:
1201:
1189:
1187:, p. 260.
1170:
1155:
1139:
1118:
1116:, August 2011.
1100:
1097:
1096:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1042:
1034:E. Kirby Smith
1025:
1019:
1004:
993:
941:
930:
909:
906:
848:
845:
805:
802:
788:'s house near
747:Sterling Price
668:Main article:
665:
662:
625:
622:
562:
559:
479:promotions to
473:Winfield Scott
461:Zachary Taylor
444:
441:
343:
340:
313:Richard Taylor
238:
237:
230:
226:
225:
216:
212:
211:
209:
208:
203:
197:
195:
191:
190:
188:
187:
181:
174:
172:
168:
167:
165:
164:
157:
153:
151:
147:
146:
144:
143:
138:
132:
130:
124:
123:
121:
120:
115:
109:
107:
103:
102:
97:
95:
91:
90:
84:(aged 68)
80:March 28, 1893
78:
74:
73:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5151:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5004:
4994:
4992:
4982:
4980:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4943:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4917:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4870:Photographers
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4845:Gender issues
4843:
4841:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4673:
4672:War Democrats
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4662:Union Leagues
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4561:Turning point
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4531:Naval battles
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4465:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4294:and memorials
4290:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4154:Commemoration
4152:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3996:first inquiry
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3916:Carpetbaggers
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3845:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3339:West Virginia
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:New Hampshire
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:Massachusetts
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
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2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:Hampton Roads
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2949:Fort Donelson
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2913:
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2908:
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2898:
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2883:
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2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:Morgan's Raid
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:Anaconda Plan
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2766:Pacific Coast
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
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2744:
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2737:
2727:
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2618:
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2613:
2610:
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2603:
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2598:
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2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
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2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:Positive good
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Panic of 1857
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:Border states
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1844:
1839:
1832:
1827:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1798:
1792:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1705:
1694:September 17,
1690:
1684:
1672:September 17,
1668:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1615:
1610:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1523:Townsend 2006
1519:
1512:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1444:, p. 94.
1443:
1438:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1333:September 21,
1329:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1199:, p. 14.
1198:
1193:
1186:
1185:Chisholm 1911
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1135:9781621901006
1132:
1128:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:was built in
1036:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
911:
905:
903:
899:
895:
890:
889:(1884–1938).
888:
884:
880:
876:
871:
869:
865:
860:
858:
854:
847:Personal life
844:
842:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
748:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
700:
697:
693:
689:
681:
676:
671:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:Braxton Bragg
631:
621:
619:
615:
611:
610:major-general
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
584:'s assistant
583:
579:
575:
571:
568:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
532:
527:
525:
522:, then 15, a
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
475:and received
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
449:
440:
438:
434:
430:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
371:
367:
363:
356:
352:
348:
339:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
244:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
196:
192:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
173:
169:
162:
158:
155:
154:
152:
148:
142:
139:
137:
134:
133:
131:
129:
125:
119:
116:
114:
113:United States
111:
110:
108:
104:
96:
92:
88:
79:
75:
71:
59:
55:
51:
47:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4811:Bibliography
4794:Other topics
4736:By ethnicity
4704:
4657:Trent Affair
4556:Signal Corps
4413:
4136:White League
4023:Ku Klux Klan
3936:Confederados
3863:Constitution
3735:D. D. Porter
3588:Breckinridge
3546:
3299:Rhode Island
3294:Pennsylvania
3049:Spotsylvania
3009:Stones River
2989:2nd Bull Run
2939:1st Bull Run
2825:Stones River
2726:Marine Corps
2693:Marine Corps
2532:Abolitionism
2519:
2472:
2283:Find a Grave
2235:
2218:
2203:
2196:
2181:
2165:
2149:
2123:
2107:
2080:
2059:
2031:
2013:
1994:
1982:
1973:
1957:
1948:
1930:
1906:
1892:
1869:
1838:
1826:
1814:
1805:
1791:
1780:
1770:
1759:
1749:
1737:
1725:. Retrieved
1721:the original
1714:
1704:
1692:. Retrieved
1683:
1670:. Retrieved
1661:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1630:
1621:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1588:
1566:November 17,
1564:. Retrieved
1560:the original
1555:
1545:
1535:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1437:
1406:
1399:Lossing 1881
1394:
1385:
1379:
1371:
1366:
1359:Hernando Sun
1358:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1325:
1262:
1209:
1204:
1192:
1150:
1142:
1121:
1113:
1104:
1086:
1033:
1029:liberty ship
965:civil rights
898:All-Southern
891:
872:
861:
856:
850:
830:
807:
759:
743:
712:
701:
684:
627:
564:
536:
528:
509:
501:regular army
454:
419:
411:yellow fever
400:
388:tuberculosis
359:
325:
290:
256:(comprising
242:
241:
82:(1893-03-28)
67:May 16, 1824
18:
5029:1893 deaths
5024:1824 births
4617:Copperheads
4329:Confederate
4221:Black Codes
3547:E. K. Smith
3428:Confederate
3375:New Orleans
3370:Chattanooga
3234:Mississippi
3134:Connecticut
3102:territories
3093:Involvement
3054:Cold Harbor
3044:Fort Pillow
3034:Chattanooga
3029:Chickamauga
2979:Seven Pines
2969:New Orleans
2934:Fort Sumter
2875:Valley 1864
2708:Confederacy
2505:Slave Power
2485:Fire-Eaters
1974:Marine News
1168:, p. .
973:Lake County
957:John Gorrie
923:Baton Rouge
790:New Orleans
762:Stand Watie
704:Port Hudson
485:Cerro Gordo
407:Fort Marion
159:1861–1865 (
49:Nickname(s)
42: 1862
5013:Categories
4850:Juneteenth
4371:Cemeteries
4248:Red Shirts
4159:Centennial
4109:Red Shirts
3517:Longstreet
3447:Beauregard
3390:Winchester
3365:Charleston
3334:Washington
3269:New Mexico
3264:New Jersey
3124:California
3100:States and
3084:Five Forks
3069:Mobile Bay
3039:Wilderness
3019:Gettysburg
2999:Perryville
2984:Seven Days
2915:Appomattox
2840:Gettysburg
2800:New Mexico
2667:Combatants
2642:Combatants
2555:John Brown
2141:0817305467
2128:Tuscaloosa
1852:References
1727:October 1,
1614:Jones 1955
1442:Davis 1999
961:Rick Scott
925:was named
883:Joseph Lee
864:Shreveport
804:Later life
524:mixed-race
497:Churubusco
415:Fort Brown
268:, western
106:Allegiance
63:1824-05-16
4991:Biography
4828:Espionage
4622:Diplomacy
4590:Political
4546:POW camps
4292:Monuments
4119:Scalawags
4114:Redeemers
3852:Aftermath
3801:Pinkerton
3740:Rosecrans
3705:McClellan
3608:Memminger
3344:Wisconsin
3309:Tennessee
3229:Minnesota
3204:Louisiana
3079:Nashville
3024:Vicksburg
2954:Pea Ridge
2905:Carolinas
2860:Red River
2855:Knoxville
2835:Tullahoma
2830:Vicksburg
2810:Peninsula
2782:campaigns
2648:Campaigns
2425:Secession
1255:Nofi 1995
915:dormitory
841:pneumonia
570:artillery
543:secession
493:Contreras
270:Louisiana
229:Signature
4942:Category
4783:Seminole
4773:Cherokee
4526:Medicine
4479:Military
4392:Veterans
4226:Jim Crow
3991:timeline
3786:Ericsson
3769:Civilian
3750:Sheridan
3710:McDowell
3670:Farragut
3655:Burnside
3645:Anderson
3638:Military
3618:Stephens
3578:Benjamin
3571:Civilian
3457:Buchanan
3435:Military
3380:Richmond
3329:Virginia
3274:New York
3249:Nebraska
3239:Missouri
3224:Michigan
3214:Maryland
3199:Kentucky
3174:Illinois
3149:Delaware
3129:Colorado
3114:Arkansas
3074:Franklin
2994:Antietam
2865:Overland
2820:Maryland
2739:Theaters
2645:Theaters
2257:Official
2056:(2002),
1993:(1995),
1929:(2001),
1903:(1999),
1891:(1922),
1351:Archived
1301:Archived
1061:See also
1032:SS
983:, whose
902:Iron Men
857:uncommon
764:and the
739:Arkansas
708:Richmond
614:division
539:Comanche
467:and the
422:Seminole
392:Virginia
276:and the
262:Missouri
258:Arkansas
194:Commands
5003:Florida
4965:Portals
4909:Related
4778:Choctaw
4768:Catawba
4551:Rations
4496:Cavalry
4358:Removal
3986:efforts
3970:of 1873
3816:Stevens
3811:Stanton
3796:Lincoln
3755:Sherman
3690:Halleck
3680:Frémont
3665:Du Pont
3603:Mallory
3562:Wheeler
3497:Jackson
3477:Forrest
3417:Leaders
3360:Atlanta
3324:Vermont
3244:Montana
3184:Indiana
3159:Georgia
3154:Florida
3119:Arizona
3109:Alabama
3059:Atlanta
2974:Corinth
2926:battles
2870:Atlanta
2850:Bristoe
2751:Western
2746:Eastern
2651:Battles
2450:Slavery
2354:Origins
2340:Origins
2265:at the
2175:1487259
1966:1446520
1474:1850453
1232:, 2011
1012:Sewanee
995:At the
977:Tavares
951:of the
887:Ephraim
782:treason
717:in the
636:in the
600:in the
598:brigade
588:in the
574:cavalry
567:regular
551:Coleman
489:captain
487:and to
463:at the
455:In the
431:in the
370:Frances
250:general
184:General
4952:Portal
4890:Tokens
3826:Welles
3806:Seward
3791:Hamlin
3760:Thomas
3695:Hooker
3660:Butler
3613:Seddon
3598:Hunter
3583:Bocock
3557:Taylor
3552:Stuart
3542:Semmes
3522:Morgan
3482:Gorgas
3462:Cooper
3353:Cities
3289:Oregon
3254:Nevada
3194:Kansas
3164:Hawaii
3064:Crater
2964:Shiloh
2924:Major
2910:Mobile
2780:Major
2654:States
2605:Caning
2242:
2225:
2210:
2188:
2173:
2156:
2138:
2114:
2088:
2068:
2038:
2020:
2001:
1964:
1937:
1915:
1599:May 3,
1472:
1133:
908:Legacy
477:brevet
426:brevet
186:(C.S.)
180:(U.S.)
128:Branch
94:Buried
89:, U.S.
72:, U.S.
4695:Dixie
4682:Music
4301:Union
4145:Post-
3981:trial
3781:Chase
3776:Adams
3745:Scott
3720:Meigs
3715:Meade
3685:Grant
3675:Foote
3650:Buell
3631:Union
3593:Davis
3537:Price
3527:Mosby
3472:Ewell
3467:Early
3452:Bragg
3314:Texas
3209:Maine
3169:Idaho
2675:Union
1470:JSTOR
1078:Notes
999:, in
547:major
516:Texas
266:Texas
178:Major
4880:Salt
4486:Arms
4336:List
4308:List
3821:Wade
3730:Pope
3700:Hunt
3532:Polk
3492:Hood
3487:Hill
3319:Utah
3284:Ohio
3189:Iowa
2721:Navy
2716:Army
2688:Navy
2683:Army
2240:ISBN
2223:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2186:ISBN
2171:OCLC
2154:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2112:ISBN
2086:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2036:ISBN
2018:ISBN
1999:ISBN
1962:OCLC
1935:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1816:WOFL
1729:2018
1696:2018
1674:2018
1601:2018
1568:2017
1335:2018
1131:ISBN
985:seat
778:Cuba
612:and
495:and
491:for
483:for
215:Wars
171:Rank
161:C.S.
77:Died
57:Born
3725:Ord
3512:Lee
2290:at
2281:at
1458:".
1010:at
921:in
919:LSU
877:in
835:at
816:in
757:.
375:née
353:at
5015::
2134:.
2130::
2052:;
1887:;
1868:,
1813:.
1779:.
1758:.
1713:.
1651:.
1635:15
1633:.
1629:.
1587:.
1576:^
1554:.
1466:79
1464:.
1418:^
1357:,
1324:.
1312:^
1290:^
1271:^
1241:^
1218:^
1173:^
1158:^
1149:,
1112:,
913:A
620:.
507:.
439:.
417:.
398:.
338:.
288:.
272:,
264:,
260:,
39:c.
4967::
2320:e
2313:t
2306:v
2246:.
2229:.
2214:.
2192:.
2177:.
2160:.
2144:.
2118:.
2008:.
1785:.
1764:.
1731:.
1698:.
1678:.
1676:.
1603:.
1570:.
1476:.
1337:.
1153:.
1137:.
940:.
372:(
163:)
65:)
61:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
