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1764:
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engage in its use, we must accept its authority. The enormous size, complex interconnections and stratification of tasks which make up modern technological systems make authoritarian command necessary and independent, individual decision-making impossible." Anarcho-primitivists seek to revert the economic and government institutions of civilization which they argue are
2597:, exploitative, and abstract and return humanity to a way of living which is harmonious with the natural world in which technology used mostly individually to create tools for survival much like in primitive cultures and tribes where they argue there is little need for abstract things such as an economy or government.
2230:
is an ideology that prescribes high public enterprise and government regulation in a capitalist economy. It espouses state regulation (rather than state ownership of the means of production) and extensive social welfare programs. Social democracy became associated with
Keynesianism, the Nordic model,
2562:
strives to return humans to a pre-industrialized and pre-civilization state. From an economic standpoint, advocates of this model argue the non-necessity of economic systems for human existence. Proponents of this ideology believe that the entire history of human civilization took a wrong turn from
2408:
to developing nations around the world. While economically fascism is oriented towards self-sufficiency, politically fascist countries of the mid-20th century were oriented to war and expansion; two seemingly contradictory motives. The goals of fascist nations was to create a closed economic system
1968:
In the mid-twentieth century, campaigns began promoting the idea of specifically
Islamic patterns of economic thought and behavior. By the 1970s, "Islamic economics" was introduced as an academic discipline in a number of institutions of higher learning throughout the Muslim world and in the West.
2328:
is an economic ideology that blends elements of capitalism with other systems and emphasizes government intervention in the economy to save and reconstruct companies that are deemed a risk to the nation. The ideology's prime years are considered by some economists to be the ten years leading up to
2053:
Recently and as a complement to
Islamic economics, the field of Islamic entrepreneurship or entrepreneurship from an Islamic perspective has gained traction. Islamic entrepreneurship studies the Muslim entrepreneur, entrepreneurial ventures, and contextual factors impacting entrepreneurship at the
2571:
and the institutions created to support and control it are exploitative of not only humans but also the environment. They argue that the more people live in a society, the more resources they will need. These resources must be taken from the Earth and therefore lead to environmental exploitation.
2592:
and green ideologies by opposing technological and industrial advancement as it further propagates the exploitation of humans. "Technology is not a simple tool which can be used in any way we like. It is a form of social organization, a set of social relations. It has its own laws. If we are to
1831:
has a set of special moral norms and values about individual and social economic behavior. Therefore, it has its own economic system, which is based on its philosophical views and is compatible with the
Islamic organization of other aspects of human behavior: social and political systems.
889:
to describe how an economy currently functions. However, the two are closely interrelated, as underlying economic ideology influences the methodology and theory employed in analysis. The diverse ideology and methodology of the 74 Nobel laureates in economics speaks to such interrelation.
2906:
The paper argues that the methods used in Fiqh are mainly designed to find out whether or not a certain act is permissible or prohibited. Islamic economics, on the other hand, is a social science. Like any other social science its proper unit of analysis is the society
3466:
the two models projected by the First and the Second Worlds. Both are basically materialistic, have priorities ... which permit wholesale exploitation. In the West it is the big corporations and cartels and in the
Socialist countries it is state capitalism and
2050:, and other activities that Islam regards as sinful such as unlawful confiscation of land. However, critics like Timur Kuran have described it as primarily a "vehicle for asserting the primacy of Islam", with economic reform being a secondary motive.
2546:
model, which argues for the use of a vanguard party to bring about a workers state to be used as a transitional tool to bring about stateless communism, the economic arrangement described above. Other models to bring about communism include
2375:
as the primary tool of economic progress as long as their activities are in line with the goals of the state. In fascist economies, profits or gains are individualized while losses are socialized. These economies are often compared to the
2447:), the state approves of the prices and products produced in the economy, subjecting the market system to direct external regulations. Alternatively, the state may produce the goods but then sell them in competitive markets.
2215:. This ideology supports a free-market economy where supply and demand determine the price of goods and services, and where markets are free from regulation. However, this economic calls for state action in the form of
2580:
and profit, and most importantly environmental destruction and deterioration. This exploitation has led to the increase in human population growth, activity, and development which they argue is destroying the Earth's
2488:
Socialist doctrines essentially promote the collectivist idea that an economy's resources should be used in the interest of all participants, and not simply for private gain. This ideology historically opposed the
2356:, which may lead to full employment, as this can undermine one of the main basics that make capitalism work. Other critics state that if neo-capitalism was put into place, it would become immediately corrupt.
2470:
or ad hoc approach to the management and ownership of the means of production. Democratic
Socialism is a blending of socialistic and democratic ideas to create a political and economic Structure.
2012:, but as a "third way", an ideal mean with none of the drawbacks of the other two systems. Among the claims made for an Islamic economic system by Islamic activists and revivalists are that the
2305:. Investors sought out a get-rich-quick motive they found through speculative activities that offered a particular individual gain or loss depending on the assets’ future movements. Other
2536:
2108:
capitalism, is an ideology that prescribes minimal public enterprise and government regulation in a capitalist economy. This ideology advocates for a type of capitalism based on open
4142:
Becker, Michael, Anarcho-Primitivism: The Green Scare in Green
Political Theory (April 1, 2010). Western Political Science Association 2010 Annual Meeting Paper. Available at SSRN:
2572:
However, they claim that materialist exploitation can be seen throughout almost every society in the world today. This materialism creates inequalities and exploitation such as
2424:
of the means of production and cooperative management of the allocation of resources. Socialist systems can be distinguished by the dominant coordination mechanism employed (
2084:
There are several implementations of capitalism that are loosely based around how much government involvement or public enterprise exists. The main ones that exist today are
2551:, which argues similarly to Marxist schools for a revolutionary transformation to the above economic arrangement, but does not use a transitional period or vanguard party.
4131:
2585:. They emphasize coexisting with the natural world instead of destroying it, "a world order on our planet where human civilization is brought into harmony with nature".
2341:
countries. These countries most affected by the war saw a growth in capitalism. Neo-capitalism differs from regular capitalism in that while capitalism highlights
4032:
2349:
in sustaining the country as a provider and a producer and condemns private companies for lacking in their role as a provider and producer for their country.
1883:) has traditionally dealt with determining what is required, prohibited, encouraged, discouraged, or just permissible, according to the revealed word of God (
4305:
2840:"A Review of Fiqh al-Mua'malat Subjects in Economics and Related Programs at International Islamic University Malaysia and University of Brunei Darussalam"
2409:
which is self-reliant, but is also ready and prepared to engage in war and territorial expansion. Fascist economies can then be seen as state capitalist.
852:
4299:
4283:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4293:
2523:
is the evolved result of socialism so that the central role of the state has 'withered away' and is no longer necessary for the functioning of a
4106:
3434:
3827:
4255:
1806:
1738:
2711:
1827:
refers to the knowledge of economics or economic activities and processes in terms of
Islamic principles and teachings. The religion of
4227:
3509:
3482:
2542:
Communism is also a political system as much as an economic one—with various models in how it is implemented—the well known being the
2481:
is a political ideology that calls for centralized planning of the economy. This ideology formed the economic basis of all existing
4269:
1915:, and studied how to best achieve policy goals, such as full employment, price stability, economic equity and productivity growth.
2183:
are employed at times to change the economic incentives for people for various reasons. The capitalist economy will likely follow
691:
3416:
845:
4473:
4420:
4243:
3699:
3389:
3298:
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1895:). This applied to issues like property, money, employment, taxes, loans, along with everything else. The social science of
4552:
4434:
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2839:
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system and has led to human dependence on technology to support increasing populations, government control, and culture.
4377:
3919:
3894:
3869:
3108:
280:
4346:
3214:
3189:
3158:
3133:
3015:
2535:
is no longer needed, and all economic activity, enterprise, labour, production and consumption is freely exchanged, "
897:
can be classified an economic ideology is to ask if it inherently takes a specific and detailed economic standpoint.
885:
rather than just explanatory in its approach, whereas the aim of economic theories is to create accurate explanatory
838:
215:
3404:
Financial
Regulation in Crisis?: The Role of Law and the Failure of Northern Rock By Joanna Gray, Orkun Akseli p. 97
2515:
2944:
1799:
4065:
2302:
381:
2611:
1137:
826:
721:
441:
431:
4398:
2462:) is an economic ideology that calls for democratic institutions in the economy. These may take the form of
1399:
4568:
4238:. Social Democratic Reader. Vol. 1. Translated by Patterson, James. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
3326:
Kuran, Timur (1986). "The
Economic System in Contemporary Islamic Thought: Interpretation and Assessment".
751:
1945:
and various Islamic kingdoms and sultanates led to systemic changes in their economy. Particularly in the
1856:
Islamic commercial jurisprudence entails the rules of transacting finance or other economic activity in a
4578:
4191:
2636:
1748:
968:
958:
2298:
2180:
1792:
1742:
1272:
1262:
4583:
2342:
2337:. After World War II, countries were destroyed and needed to rebuild and since capitalism thrives in
1152:
674:
602:
23:
3431:
4219:
3370:
Quran (Al-Baqarah 2:275), (Al-Baqarah 2:276–80), (Al-'Imran 3:130), (Al-Nisa 4:161), (Ar-Rum 30:39)
2606:
1904:
1721:
1459:
1414:
1267:
1036:
980:
210:
4338:
Islamic Banking in Pakistan: Shariah-Compliant Finance and the Quest to Make Pakistan More Islamic
3835:
2970:
2231:
the social liberal paradigm and welfare states within political circles in the late 20th century.
1474:
2274:, as it can instead create economic instability. Casino capitalism falls alongside the idea of a
2121:
1954:
1908:
1424:
1232:
1222:
1182:
1172:
1079:
1002:
776:
726:
607:
335:
205:
3996:
Baker, David (2006). "The political economy of fascism: Myth or reality, or myth and reality?".
3538:
International Business Success in a Strange Cultural Environment By Mamarinta P. Mababaya p. 202
3100:
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1439:
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185:
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1958:
1728:
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1227:
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426:
116:
86:
71:
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1973:
are often summarized as: (1) the "behavioral norms and moral foundations" derived from the
1479:
1301:
1252:
1217:
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1122:
1026:
1016:
963:
686:
494:
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355:
200:
133:
81:
4033:"8 questions about democratic socialism and Bernie Sanders's vision for the United States"
916:). The theory of economic ideology explains its occurrence, evolution, and relation to an
8:
4573:
4393:
Julie A. Nelson and Steven M. Sheffrin, 1991. "Economic Literacy or Economic Ideology?"
3680:
Ramadani, Veland; Dana, Léo-Paul; Gërguri-Rashiti, Shqipe; Ratten, Vanessa, eds. (2017).
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2013:
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180:
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becoming very large and mostly self-regulated, while also taking on high-risk financial
1374:
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4013:
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1912:
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1306:
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156:
138:
128:
121:
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4168:
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4040:
4017:
3915:
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3452:
3413:
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3210:
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3154:
3129:
3104:
3068:
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3011:
2631:
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2425:
2212:
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1962:
1942:
1935:
1824:
1624:
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1509:
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1346:
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1247:
1237:
1069:
1031:
987:
654:
406:
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173:
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161:
3912:
Casino Capitalism: How the Financial Crisis Came About and What Needs to be Done Now
3793:
3207:
Modern World System and Indian Proto-industrialization: Bengal 1650-1800, (Volume 1)
2239:
Casino capitalism is the high risk-taking and financial instability associated with
1549:
4289:
4164:
4080:
4005:
3970:
3687:
3646:
3343:
3335:
3257:
3181:
3037:
3007:
2985:
2809:
2577:
2543:
2510:
2494:
2444:
2433:
2421:
2330:
2314:
2310:
2279:
2259:
aspect that offers prospects for a quicker and more speculator returns for people,
2227:
2204:
2093:
2078:
2047:
1930:
from the 9th century and later became dominant in European Muslim territories like
1674:
1619:
1604:
1589:
1574:
1504:
1484:
1464:
1419:
1292:
1242:
1212:
1207:
647:
582:
567:
519:
509:
503:
476:
461:
232:
195:
2313:, have written books on casino capitalism with commentary outside the Anglo-Saxon
2219:
favoring social insurance, unemployment benefits and recognition of labor rights.
1554:
4533:
4529:
4482:
4367:
4336:
3438:
3420:
3233:
Finance and Society in 21st Century China: Chinese Culture Versus Western Markets
2715:
2616:
2524:
2482:
2338:
2184:
2149:
2085:
2039:
2016:
will be reduced and prosperity enhanced by such means as the discouraging of the
1768:
1679:
1644:
1609:
1544:
1469:
1454:
1341:
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1311:
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771:
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514:
360:
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320:
305:
285:
220:
106:
31:
4234:
Gombert, Tobias (2009). Bläsius, Julia; Krell, Christian; Timpe, Martin (eds.).
2420:
is any of the various ideologies of economic organization based on some form of
4311:
2490:
2429:
2346:
2325:
2208:
2188:
2125:
2074:
2035:
1992:
1699:
1684:
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1634:
1614:
1584:
1404:
1321:
1011:
1007:
886:
756:
572:
466:
310:
4489:, 23(1) pp. 94–107. Reprinted in Daniel M. Hausman, 1994, 2nd rev. ed.,
4009:
3691:
3650:
3339:
3041:
2890:
2850:
1434:
4562:
4224:
Economic Analysis and Political Ideology: The Selected Essays of Karl Brunner
4044:
3658:
3382:
The Islamic Moral Economy: A Study of Islamic Money and Financial Instruments
2989:
2741:, 2005 The Behavioral Study of Political Ideology and Public Policy Formation
2594:
2216:
2165:
2089:
1988:
1950:
1664:
1654:
1629:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1539:
1529:
1499:
1489:
1394:
1297:
806:
791:
597:
587:
577:
562:
542:
471:
315:
237:
148:
111:
101:
91:
4326:"laissez-faire, economists and" by Roger E. Backhouse and Steven G. Medema.
3634:
3575:
The Stability of Islamic Finance: Creating a Resilient Financial Environment
2527:. All means of production are collectively owned and managed in a communal,
2088:, where the state intervenes in market activity and provides some services;
948:
3414:
Islam and Economic Justice: A 'Third Way' Between Capitalism and Socialism?
2641:
2573:
2334:
2169:
2153:
1946:
1919:
1849:
of economics based on the teachings of Islam that is mostly similar to the
1780:
1694:
1639:
1534:
1524:
1519:
1444:
992:
681:
557:
421:
416:
411:
396:
350:
325:
300:
295:
242:
96:
3577:
By Zamir Iqbal, Abbas Mirakhor, Noureddine Krichenne, Hossein Askari p. 75
3547:
Islamic Capital Markets: Theory and Practice By Noureddine Krichene p. 119
4363:
3177:
How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850
2463:
2437:
2381:
2275:
2256:
2109:
2105:
1669:
1659:
1449:
1084:
746:
701:
664:
642:
637:
250:
225:
4130:"Socialism." A Dictionary of Economics (3 ed.). Oxford Reference, 2009.
4084:
4466:
The Age of Social Democracy: Norway and Sweden in the Twentieth Century
3982:
3432:
How Do We Know Islam Will Solve the Problems of Poverty and Inequality?
2821:
2306:
2270:
movements. Typically, this does not add to the collective wealth of an
2247:
dealings. This has been a driving motive by investors in the quest for
2244:
2173:
2157:
2062:
2009:
1953:, a major trading nation of the medieval world, signaled the period of
1931:
1923:
1858:
1579:
1379:
905:
76:
44:
3348:
4503:
2589:
2582:
2528:
2520:
2506:
2417:
2377:
2092:, where the state only supplies a court, a military, and police; and
2005:
1896:
1866:
1429:
1360:
940:
766:
290:
255:
190:
54:
49:
4143:
3974:
2813:
2736:
2731:, 1984. "Capture and Ideology in the Economic Theory of Politics,"
3290:
Bengal Industries and the British Industrial Revolution (1757-1857)
2532:
2177:
2145:
2141:
2043:
2017:
1888:
1846:
1841:
894:
870:
143:
2537:
from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs
2096:, where the state engages in commercial business activity itself.
2054:
intersection of the Islamic faith and entrepreneurial activities.
3804:
3679:
2389:
2372:
2364:
2283:
2271:
1970:
917:
874:
499:
275:
4510:, tr. 1973. Reprinted in Daniel M. Hausman, 1994, 2nd rev. ed.,
4155:
Gordon, Uri (2009). "Anarchism and the Politics of Technology".
3494:
International Business Success in a Strange Cultural Environment
2004:
Advocates of Islamic economics generally describe it as neither
1899:, on the other hand, works to describe, analyse and understand
4547:
3266:. Volume 1: Abba - Hist. Oxford University Press. p. 174.
2405:
2397:
2260:
2031:
2021:
1978:
1892:
1874:
1763:
821:
627:
4107:"Democratic Socialism: Definition, Nature, Methods and Tenets"
3173:
2352:
Critics of neo-capitalism claim that it tends to suppress the
1853:, which is "labour-based exchange and exchange-based labour".
3505:
3478:
2393:
2385:
2287:
2267:
2264:
2161:
2113:
2026:
1983:
1974:
1884:
1870:
1863:
1828:
2301:
that casino capitalism was one of the leading causes of the
4508:
Grundrisse: Foundation of the Critique of Political Economy
4468:. Translated by Daly, Richard. Princeton University Press.
1997:
1879:
4506:, 1857–58. "Ideology and Method in Political Economy," in
3887:
Political Economy: The Contest of Economic Ideas (3rd ed.)
3862:
Political Economy: The Contest of Economic Ideas (3rd ed.)
4526:
Ideology and the Evolution of Vital Economic Institutions
3425:
2880:"Methods and Methodologies in Fiqh and Islamic Economics"
2800:
Philipp, Thomas (1990). "The Idea of Islamic Economics".
2367:
as an economic system promotes the pursuit of individual
2263:, and inside assumptions of the factors likely to affect
2073:, where the allocation of capital goods is determined by
2069:
are largely or entirely privately owned and operated for
3028:
Labib, Subhi Y. (1969). "Capitalism in Medieval Islam".
4369:
Islam and Mammon: The Economic Predicaments of Islamism
1941:
The Islamic economic concepts taken and applied by the
4464:
Sejersted, Francis (2011). Adams, Madeleine B. (ed.).
3889:. New York, NY.: Oxford University Press. p. 29.
3864:. New York, NY.: Oxford University Press. p. 30.
3683:
Entrepreneurship and Management in an Islamic Context
3126:
Morality and Justice in Islamic Economics and Finance
2971:"Islam, the Mediterranean and the Rise of Capitalism"
3460:. New York : Oxford University Press. pp.
2384:. Fascist economies of the mid 20th century such as
908:, to the extent that explaining an economic system (
4524:Earl A. Thompson and Charles Robert Hickson, 2000.
3148:
2282:activities turn to more paper games of speculative
1957:, making direct contribution to the world's first
900:Furthermore, economic ideology is distinct from an
3614:
3451:
3307:
3092:
2666:"Ideological Profiles of the Economic Laureates".
3379:
3204:
4560:
3256:
2371:while promoting corporations through government
4063:
3407:
2739:. Reprinted in C. Grafton and A. Permaloff, ed.
1862:compliant manner, i.e., a manner conforming to
16:Set of views forming an ideology on the economy
3635:"Entrepreneurship from an Islamic Perspective"
4372:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
4320:"American exceptionalism" by Louise C. Keely.
4064:Schleifer, Andrei; Vishny, Robert W. (1994).
3595:Al-Bukhari Vol 3 Hadith 634; Vol 4 Hadith 418
3586:Al-Bukhari Vol 3 Hadith 632; Vol 4 Hadith 419
3229:
3099:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp.
1887:) and the religious practices established by
1800:
846:
3961:Röpke, Wilhelm (1935). "Fascist Economics".
3328:International Journal of Middle East Studies
3319:
3286:
2705:Journal of the European Economic Association
2576:, the exploitation of humans in the name of
2345:, neo-capitalism emphasizes the role of the
2297:It is believed by people such as economists
4256:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
4030:
3598:
3128:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 62–63.
2793:
2687:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
3786:
3532:
3487:
3453:"Islamic Approach to Economic Development"
2443:In some models of socialism (often called
1926:are thought to have been developed in the
1807:
1793:
877:should run. It differentiates itself from
869:is a set of views forming the basis of an
853:
839:
4512:The Philosophy of Economics: An Anthology
4491:The Philosophy of Economics: An Anthology
4485:, 1971. "Science and Economic Ideology,"
4463:
4451:The Philosophy of Economics: An Anthology
4252:
3814:
3740:
3347:
2873:
2871:
2684:
2432:) and by the type of ownership employed (
4270:The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics
4226:, v. 1, Thomas Ly, ed. Chapter: preview
3884:
3859:
3250:
3151:Money and the Market in India, 1100–1700
4445:, 39(2), pp. 346–59. Reprinted in
4233:
3810:
3632:
3449:
3443:
3174:Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy (2009).
3087:
3062:
2799:
2588:Anarcho-primitivists differ from other
2450:
4561:
4441:_____, 1949. "Science and Ideology,"
4154:
3937:
3384:. Boca Raton, FL: Brown Walker Press.
3123:
2968:
2962:
2877:
2868:
2777:
2554:
4362:
4189:
3995:
3960:
3933:
3931:
3855:
3853:
3325:
3313:
3027:
2937:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2065:is a broad economic system where the
4334:
4253:Klappholz, Kurt (1987). "ideology".
3909:
3620:
3280:
3223:
2685:Klappholz, Kurt (1987). "ideology".
2234:
2152:and new enterprises may freely gain
1819:
893:A good way of discerning whether an
4435:Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy
4408:
4304:"social democracy" by Ben Jackson.
3885:Stilwell, Frank (1 December 2011).
3860:Stilwell, Frank (1 December 2011).
3263:The Islamic World: Past and Present
3004:Labor in the Medieval Islamic World
2783:
2473:
2222:
1969:The central features of an Islamic
13:
4514:, Cambridge University Press, pp.
4493:, Cambridge University Press, pp.
4453:, Cambridge University Press, pp.
4066:"The Politics of Market Socialism"
3928:
3850:
3741:Pettinger, Tejvan (27 July 2017).
2912:
2828:
2703:Roland Bénabou, 2008. "Ideology,"
2207:) is advocated by the ideology of
912:) is distinct from advocating it (
14:
4595:
4540:
4144:https://ssrn.com/abstract=1580329
3940:"The Economics of Neo-Capitalism"
3633:Gümüsay, Ali Aslan (2015-08-01).
2320:
2286:than actually producing economic
2014:gap between the rich and the poor
827:Business and economics portal
4546:
4395:Journal of Economic Perspectives
4169:10.1111/j.1743-4580.2009.00250.x
4073:Journal of Economic Perspectives
2563:hunter-gatherer systems into an
2516:Manifesto of the Communist Party
2194:
2099:
1837:Islamic commercial jurisprudence
1774:
1762:
947:
820:
4532:and chapter preview links, pp.
4236:Foundations of Social Democracy
4183:
4148:
4136:
4124:
4099:
4057:
4031:Ehrenfreund, Max (2015-10-14).
4024:
3989:
3954:
3903:
3878:
3820:
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3734:
3708:
3673:
3626:
3589:
3580:
3568:
3559:
3550:
3541:
3523:
3514:
3499:
3496:By Mamarinta P. Mababaya p. 203
3472:
3398:
3373:
3364:
3198:
3167:
3142:
3117:
3081:
3056:
3030:The Journal of Economic History
3021:
2996:
2878:Saleem, Muhammad Yusuf (n.d.).
1049:Concepts, theory and techniques
4412:The Failure of Political Islam
4298:"Maoist economics" by Wei Li.
3828:"Casino Capitalism Definition"
3604:
3456:. In Esposito, John L. (ed.).
3095:Islamic Gardens and Landscapes
2763:
2749:
2721:
2697:
2678:
2659:
1835:It is a term used to refer to
1:
4288:"contemporary capitalism" by
4213:
2771:Monzer, Al Iqtisad al Islami
2612:Critique of political economy
2057:
722:Commons-based peer production
442:Socialism of the 21st century
4415:. Harvard University Press.
3565:Ibn Majah Vold 3 Hadith 2154
3293:. Routledge. pp. 7–10.
3149:Sanjay Subrahmanyam (1998).
2838:Mat, Ismail; Ismail, Yusof.
2500:
2412:
7:
4190:Moore, John (12 Feb 2009).
3914:. Oxford University Press.
3910:Sinn, Hans- Werner (2012).
3529:Ibn Majah Vol 3 Hadith 2289
3520:Al-Bukhari Vol 2 Hadith 514
3450:Ishaque, Khalid M. (1983).
3153:. Oxford University Press.
2889:. p. 1. Archived from
2849:. p. 1. Archived from
2637:Schools of economic thought
2600:
1949:, its wealthiest region of
923:
10:
4600:
3716:"Definition of Capitalism"
3639:Journal of Business Ethics
3380:Karim, Shafiel A. (2010).
3236:. CRC Press. p. 151.
3205:Abhay Kumar Singh (2006).
3065:The Long Twentieth Century
3063:Arrighi, Giovanni (2010).
2757:صدر، اقتصادنا، ۱۴۲۴ق، ص۴۲۱
2458:(sometimes referred to as
2404:and government subsidized
2359:
2303:2007–2008 financial crisis
2030:) but not trade, exposing
1877:). Islamic jurisprudence (
904:that it supports, such as
4010:10.1080/13563460600655581
3692:10.1007/978-3-319-39679-8
3651:10.1007/s10551-014-2223-7
3458:Voices of Resurgent Islam
3340:10.1017/S0020743800029767
3042:10.1017/S0022050700097837
3002:Maya Shatzmiller (1994),
2920:"Definition of ECONOMICS"
2168:that will result in some
2024:, taxing wealth (through
216:Socialist-oriented market
4443:American Economic Review
3798:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3419:January 7, 2008, at the
3209:. Northern Book Centre.
3124:Chapra, M. Umar (2014).
2990:10.1163/156920607X171591
2733:American Economic Review
2652:
2607:Constitutional economics
1037:JEL classification codes
4111:Political Science Notes
3938:Mandel, Ernest (1964).
3832:financepractitioner.com
2969:Banaji, Jairus (2007).
2924:www.merriam-webster.com
2396:agreements, with heavy
1993:prohibition of interest
1955:proto-industrialization
1223:Industrial organization
1080:Computational economics
4449:, 1994, 2nd rev. ed.,
4192:"A Primitivist Primer"
3834:. 2009. Archived from
3230:Junie T. Tong (2016).
3067:. Verso. p. 120.
2978:Historical Materialism
2773:. 1981. p. 90-28.
2493:, and tended to favor
2241:financial institutions
1851:labour theory of value
1075:Experimental economics
4409:Roy, Olivier (1994).
4335:Khan, Feisal (2015).
3998:New Political Economy
3287:Indrajit Ray (2011).
3089:Ruggles, D. Fairchild
2622:Development economics
2392:often used bilateral
2380:due to being heavily
2354:reserve army of labor
2278:-based economy where
2201:social market economy
2156:without restriction.
2124:of goods through the
1959:Industrial Revolution
4555:at Wikimedia Commons
4430:Joseph A. Schumpeter
4280:Robert L. Heilbroner
4273:. 2008, 2nd Edition:
3556:Abu Daud Hadith 2015
3437:May 3, 2016, at the
2627:Ecological economics
2456:Democratic socialism
2451:Democratic socialism
2187:along with a steady
2164:are determined by a
2136:. In such a system,
2048:food for speculation
2001:) charged on loans.
1981:; (2) collection of
1302:Social choice theory
752:Newly industrialized
495:Collective ownership
356:Vertical archipelago
4569:Economic ideologies
4553:Economic ideologies
4487:The Public Interest
4310:"welfare state" by
4196:theanarchistlibrary
4085:10.1257/jep.8.2.165
2802:Die Welt des Islams
2727:Joseph P. Kalt and
2674:(3): 255–682. 2013.
2560:Anarcho-primitivism
2555:Anarcho-primitivism
2468:workplace democracy
2132:reaching efficient
2067:means of production
1769:Business portal
1090:Operations research
1070:National accounting
914:normative economics
737:Inclusive Democracy
4579:Cultural economics
3944:Socialist Register
3838:on 7 November 2017
3794:"Social democracy"
2896:on 22 January 2015
2856:on 23 January 2015
2714:2010-06-12 at the
2668:Econ Journal Watch
2647:Political ideology
2460:economic democracy
2134:market equilibrium
2104:Laissez-faire, or
2042:, discouraging of
1928:Islamic Golden Age
1913:goods and services
1845:), and also to an
1100:Industrial complex
1095:Middle income trap
910:positive economics
675:Material balancing
157:Buddhist economics
4551:Media related to
4475:978-0-691-14774-1
4447:Daniel M. Hausman
4422:978-0-674-29141-6
4245:978-3-86872-215-4
3701:978-3-319-39677-4
3391:978-1-59942-539-9
3300:978-1-136-82552-1
3273:978-0-19-516520-3
3243:978-1-317-13522-7
3074:978-1-84467-304-9
2632:Political economy
2569:Population growth
2549:anarcho-communism
2513:described it (in
2426:economic planning
2235:Casino capitalism
2213:social liberalism
2130:supply and demand
2112:to determine the
2079:financial markets
1963:British conquests
1943:gunpowder empires
1936:Emirate of Sicily
1842:fiqh al-mu'āmalāt
1825:Islamic economics
1820:Islamic economics
1817:
1816:
867:economic ideology
863:
862:
373:By regional model
167:Sabbath economics
4591:
4584:Economic systems
4550:
4479:
4426:
4390:
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4386:
4359:
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4355:
4290:William Lazonick
4278:"capitalism" by
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3008:Brill Publishers
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2945:"ECONOMIC GOALS"
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2544:Marxist Leninist
2511:Friedrich Engels
2495:central planning
2483:Socialist states
2479:Marxism–Leninism
2474:Marxism–Leninism
2445:market socialism
2434:Public ownership
2422:social ownership
2331:Great Depression
2311:Hans-Werner Sinn
2255:; it provides a
2228:Social Democracy
2223:Social democracy
2205:Rhine capitalism
2094:state capitalism
2034:to risk through
1809:
1802:
1795:
1781:Money portal
1779:
1778:
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1767:
1766:
1263:Natural resource
1055:Economic systems
951:
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841:
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824:
583:Municipalization
568:Financialization
538:Collectivization
520:Social ownership
510:Private property
504:Common ownership
462:Common ownership
276:Closed (autarky)
233:State capitalism
211:Socialist market
196:Market socialist
32:Economic systems
19:
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4049:
4047:
4037:Washington Post
4029:
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3975:10.2307/2549110
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3768:"Laissez-Faire"
3766:
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3743:"Mixed Economy"
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3720:merriam-webster
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2329:1964 after the
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2203:(also known as
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2185:economic growth
2150:privately owned
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2086:mixed economies
2075:capital markets
2060:
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1918:Early forms of
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1475:von Böhm-Bawerk
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879:economic theory
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772:Post-capitalist
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553:Demutualization
548:Corporatization
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984:
978:
977:
974:
973:
972:
971:
966:
961:
953:
952:
944:
943:
937:
936:
925:
922:
861:
860:
858:
857:
850:
843:
835:
832:
831:
830:
829:
814:
813:
810:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
787:Resource-based
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
715:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
705:
704:
699:
694:
684:
679:
678:
677:
672:
667:
662:
652:
651:
650:
645:
640:
630:
624:
621:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
611:
610:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
573:Liberalization
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
534:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
497:
491:
489:Property types
488:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
445:
444:
438:Latin America
436:
435:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
401:
400:
399:
394:
389:
384:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
261:
260:
259:
258:
253:
245:
240:
235:
230:
229:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
178:
177:
176:
171:
170:
169:
159:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
125:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
74:
68:
65:
64:
61:
60:
58:
57:
52:
47:
41:
38:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4596:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4554:
4549:
4545:
4544:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4397:, 5(3), pp.
4396:
4392:
4381:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4361:
4350:
4348:9781317366539
4344:
4341:. Routledge.
4340:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4237:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4079:(2): 165–76.
4078:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4027:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3992:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3969:(5): 85–100.
3968:
3964:
3957:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3934:
3932:
3923:
3917:
3913:
3906:
3898:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3873:
3867:
3863:
3856:
3854:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3816:
3813:, p. 8;
3812:
3807:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3748:
3747:economicshelp
3744:
3737:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3703:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3629:
3623:, p. 88.
3622:
3617:
3610:
3608:
3601:
3592:
3583:
3576:
3571:
3562:
3553:
3544:
3535:
3526:
3517:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3480:
3475:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3410:
3401:
3393:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3310:
3302:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3283:
3275:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3216:9788172112011
3212:
3208:
3201:
3193:
3191:9789047429975
3187:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3160:9780521257589
3156:
3152:
3145:
3137:
3135:9781783475728
3131:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3076:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3017:
3016:90-04-09896-8
3013:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2908:
2892:
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2874:
2872:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2832:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2772:
2766:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2729:Mark A. Zupan
2724:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2681:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2658:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2595:authoritarian
2591:
2586:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2448:
2446:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2357:
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2340:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2229:
2220:
2218:
2217:social policy
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:Social market
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2166:labour market
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:are entirely
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:Laissez-faire
2097:
2095:
2091:
2090:laissez faire
2087:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1989:Islamic taxes
1986:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:de Mandeville
1368:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:Public choice
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:Participation
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1233:Institutional
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1183:Expeditionary
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:Environmental
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:International
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
982:
979:Branches and
976:
975:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
955:
954:
950:
946:
945:
942:
939:
938:
934:
930:
929:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
898:
896:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
856:
851:
849:
844:
842:
837:
836:
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
817:
816:
815:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
782:Post-scarcity
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
727:Expeditionary
725:
723:
720:
719:
713:
712:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
685:
683:
680:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
653:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
619:
618:
609:
606:
605:
604:
603:Socialization
601:
599:
598:Privatization
596:
594:
591:
589:
588:Mutualization
586:
584:
581:
579:
578:Marketization
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
563:Expropriation
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
543:Communization
541:
539:
536:
535:
529:
528:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
505:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
486:
485:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
453:
452:
443:
440:
439:
437:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
402:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
377:
376:
370:
369:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
281:Decentralized
279:
277:
274:
273:
267:
266:
257:
254:
252:
249:
248:
246:
244:
241:
239:
238:Social credit
236:
234:
231:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
206:Participatory
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
182:
179:
175:
172:
168:
165:
164:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
123:
120:
118:
117:Social market
115:
113:
112:Protectionist
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
92:Laissez-faire
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
63:
62:
56:
53:
51:
48:
46:
43:
42:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4530:Descrip;tion
4525:
4511:
4507:
4490:
4486:
4465:
4450:
4442:
4433:
4411:
4402:
4394:
4383:. Retrieved
4368:
4364:Kuran, Timur
4352:. Retrieved
4337:
4268:
4260:
4254:
4235:
4223:
4220:Karl Brunner
4199:. Retrieved
4195:
4185:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4138:
4126:
4115:. Retrieved
4113:. 2015-05-08
4110:
4101:
4076:
4072:
4059:
4048:. Retrieved
4036:
4026:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3947:
3943:
3911:
3905:
3886:
3880:
3861:
3840:. Retrieved
3836:the original
3831:
3822:
3811:Gombert 2009
3806:
3797:
3788:
3776:. Retrieved
3774:. 2003-11-23
3772:Investopedia
3771:
3762:
3750:. Retrieved
3746:
3736:
3724:. Retrieved
3722:. 6 Nov 2017
3719:
3710:
3682:
3675:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3616:
3606:
3600:
3591:
3582:
3574:
3570:
3561:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3474:
3467:bureaucracy.
3465:
3457:
3445:
3427:
3409:
3400:
3381:
3375:
3366:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3316:, p. x.
3309:
3289:
3282:
3262:
3252:
3232:
3225:
3206:
3200:
3176:
3169:
3150:
3144:
3125:
3119:
3094:
3083:
3064:
3058:
3036:(1): 79–96.
3033:
3029:
3023:
3003:
2998:
2984:(1): 47–74.
2981:
2977:
2964:
2952:. Retrieved
2949:amosweb.com/
2948:
2939:
2927:. Retrieved
2923:
2914:
2905:
2898:. Retrieved
2891:the original
2887:kantakji.com
2886:
2858:. Retrieved
2851:the original
2847:kantakji.com
2846:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2779:
2770:
2765:
2756:
2751:
2740:
2732:
2723:
2704:
2699:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2642:Social model
2587:
2565:agricultural
2558:
2541:
2514:
2504:
2487:
2477:
2464:cooperatives
2454:
2442:
2438:cooperatives
2416:
2382:corporatized
2363:
2351:
2335:World War II
2324:
2296:
2238:
2226:
2198:
2181:intervention
2170:unemployment
2154:market entry
2103:
2083:
2061:
2052:
2025:
2003:
1996:
1982:
1967:
1947:Mughal India
1940:
1920:mercantilism
1917:
1905:distribution
1878:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1823:
1739:Publications
1704:
1327:Sociological
1300: /
1198:Geographical
1178:Evolutionary
1153:Digitization
1118:Agricultural
1022:Mathematical
993:Econometrics
899:
892:
866:
864:
692:Peer-to-peer
687:Self-managed
622:Coordination
558:Deregulation
243:Distributist
97:Mercantilist
4528:. Springer.
2745:pp. 65–104.
2737:pp. 279–300
2276:speculation
2257:speculation
2122:consumption
2110:competition
2106:free market
1909:consumption
1575:von Neumann
1228:Information
1168:Engineering
1148:Development
1143:Demographic
1085:Game theory
1027:Methodology
873:on how the
797:Traditional
747:Manorialism
742:Information
716:Other types
702:Open access
665:Cybernetics
407:Anglo-Saxon
392:Singaporean
351:Underground
346:Subsistence
251:Corporatist
226:Syndicalist
186:Communalist
72:Associative
66:By ideology
39:Major types
4574:Ideologies
4563:Categories
4354:9 February
4214:References
4157:WorkingUSA
4117:2017-12-04
4050:2017-12-04
3842:30 October
3605:El-Gamal,
3349:10161/2561
3314:Kuran 2004
2954:22 January
2900:22 January
2860:22 January
2786:, p.
2743:, ch. 4,
2735:, 74(3),
2583:ecosystems
2307:economists
2253:production
2245:investment
2174:Government
2158:Employment
2146:enterprise
2118:production
2063:Capitalism
2058:Capitalism
2010:capitalist
1987:and other
1961:after the
1932:Al-Andalus
1924:capitalism
1901:production
1734:Economists
1605:Schumacher
1510:Schumpeter
1480:von Wieser
1400:von Thünen
1361:economists
1337:Statistics
1332:Solidarity
1253:Managerial
1218:Humanistic
1213:Historical
1158:Ecological
1123:Behavioral
1017:Mainstream
906:capitalism
802:Transition
762:Plantation
670:Indicative
532:Transition
382:East Asian
153:Religious
129:Democratic
102:Neoliberal
87:Democratic
77:Capitalist
45:Capitalism
4504:Karl Marx
4328:Abstract.
4322:Abstract.
4316:Abstract.
4306:Abstract.
4300:Abstract.
4294:Abstract.
4284:Abstract.
4263:: 716–18.
4177:145449806
4093:152437398
4045:0190-8286
4018:155046186
3963:Economica
3667:140869670
3659:1573-0697
3621:Khan 2015
3358:162278555
3050:153962294
2590:anarchist
2531:society.
2529:classless
2521:communism
2507:Karl Marx
2501:Communism
2418:Socialism
2413:Socialism
2378:third way
2373:subsidies
2006:socialist
1897:economics
1867:scripture
1650:Greenspan
1615:Samuelson
1595:Galbraith
1565:Tinbergen
1505:von Mises
1500:Heckscher
1460:Edgeworth
1278:Personnel
1238:Knowledge
1203:Happiness
1193:Financial
1163:Education
1138:Democracy
1032:Political
998:Heterodox
941:Economics
883:normative
881:in being
767:Plutonomy
648:Regulated
477:Voluntary
403:European
256:Feudalism
201:Mutualist
191:Communist
181:Socialist
162:Christian
82:Corporate
55:Communism
50:Socialism
4432:, 1942.
4366:(2004).
4222:, 1996.
3950:: 56–67.
3435:Archived
3417:Archived
3091:(2008).
2929:28 March
2784:Roy 1994
2712:Archived
2601:See also
2533:Currency
2292:services
2251:without
2178:judicial
2142:property
2044:hoarding
2018:hoarding
1934:and the
1889:Muhammad
1847:ideology
1743:journals
1729:Glossary
1680:Stiglitz
1645:Rothbard
1625:Buchanan
1610:Friedman
1600:Koopmans
1590:Leontief
1570:Robinson
1455:Marshall
1359:Notable
1307:Regional
1283:Planning
1258:Monetary
1188:Feminist
1133:Cultural
1128:Business
933:a series
931:Part of
924:Examples
895:ideology
871:ideology
655:Planning
306:Informal
291:Dirigist
144:Georgist
139:Feminist
24:a series
22:Part of
4401:(press
3983:2549110
3462:268–276
2907:itself.
2822:1571048
2430:markets
2406:exports
2402:imports
2398:tariffs
2390:Germany
2365:Fascism
2360:Fascism
2284:trading
2272:economy
2249:profits
2138:capital
2032:lenders
1971:economy
1864:Islamic
1859:Shari'a
1749:Schools
1741: (
1700:Piketty
1695:Krugman
1560:Kuznets
1550:Kalecki
1525:Polanyi
1415:Cournot
1410:Bastiat
1395:Ricardo
1385:Malthus
1375:Quesnay
1347:Welfare
1317:Service
988:Applied
964:Outline
959:History
918:economy
875:economy
697:Sharing
660:In kind
608:Marxist
500:Commons
467:Private
456:Sectors
427:Rhenish
397:Keralan
387:Chinese
361:Virtual
341:Sharing
331:Planned
321:Natural
286:Digital
174:Islamic
134:Fascist
122:Welfare
4472:
4419:
4399:157–65
4385:6 June
4376:
4345:
4242:
4201:10 Oct
4175:
4091:
4043:
4016:
3981:
3918:
3893:
3868:
3778:14 Nov
3752:14 Nov
3726:13 Nov
3698:
3665:
3657:
3609:, 2004
3508:
3481:
3388:
3356:
3297:
3270:
3240:
3213:
3188:
3157:
3132:
3107:
3071:
3048:
3014:
2820:
2709:321–52
2693:: 716.
2369:profit
2315:bubble
2261:wealth
2071:profit
2022:wealth
1991:, (3)
1979:Sunnah
1951:Bengal
1907:, and
1893:sunnah
1875:sunnah
1685:Thaler
1665:Ostrom
1660:Becker
1655:Sowell
1635:Baumol
1540:Myrdal
1535:Sraffa
1530:Frisch
1520:Knight
1515:Keynes
1490:Fisher
1485:Veblen
1470:Pareto
1450:Menger
1445:George
1440:Jevons
1435:Walras
1425:Gossen
1293:Public
1288:Policy
1243:Labour
1208:Health
1065:Market
887:models
757:Palace
633:Market
628:Barter
472:Public
432:Soviet
417:Nordic
412:German
378:Asian
311:Market
4534:vii–x
4267:From
4228:links
4173:S2CID
4089:S2CID
4069:(PDF)
4014:S2CID
3979:JSTOR
3663:S2CID
3611:: p.5
3506:Quran
3479:Quran
3354:S2CID
3101:15–36
3046:S2CID
2974:(PDF)
2894:(PDF)
2883:(PDF)
2854:(PDF)
2843:(PDF)
2818:JSTOR
2653:Notes
2578:labor
2394:trade
2386:Italy
2347:state
2309:like
2288:goods
2268:price
2265:asset
2162:wages
2114:price
2027:zakat
1984:zakat
1975:Quran
1885:Quran
1871:Quran
1829:Islam
1722:Lists
1690:Hoppe
1675:Lucas
1640:Solow
1630:Arrow
1620:Simon
1585:Lange
1580:Hicks
1555:Röpke
1545:Hayek
1495:Pigou
1465:Clark
1380:Smith
1342:Urban
1322:Socio
1312:Rural
1012:Macro
1008:Micro
969:Index
807:World
792:Token
682:Price
422:Dutch
316:Mixed
221:State
149:Green
4470:ISBN
4417:ISBN
4387:2017
4374:ISBN
4356:2017
4343:ISBN
4240:ISBN
4203:2017
4041:ISSN
3916:ISBN
3891:ISBN
3866:ISBN
3844:2017
3780:2017
3754:2017
3728:2017
3696:ISBN
3655:ISSN
3510:9:35
3483:4:29
3386:ISBN
3295:ISBN
3268:ISBN
3238:ISBN
3211:ISBN
3186:ISBN
3155:ISBN
3130:ISBN
3105:ISBN
3069:ISBN
3012:ISBN
2956:2015
2931:2018
2902:2015
2862:2015
2509:and
2388:and
2333:and
2290:and
2211:and
2199:The
2176:and
2160:and
2144:and
2120:and
2077:and
2038:and
2008:nor
1998:riba
1977:and
1922:and
1880:fiqh
1873:and
1706:more
1430:Marx
1420:Mill
1405:List
643:Open
638:Free
326:Open
301:Gift
296:Dual
4520:42.
4516:119
4499:51.
4495:239
4459:38.
4455:224
4165:doi
4132:Web
4081:doi
4006:doi
3971:doi
3688:doi
3647:doi
3643:130
3344:hdl
3336:doi
3038:doi
2986:doi
2810:doi
2788:133
2539:".
2519:),
2505:As
2440:).
2436:or
2428:or
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