336:), and chilly winters mainly on higher elevations. The hot season commences around the middle of April reaching its maximum temperature in June, and finishing by the end of August. The average summer temperature is generally 20 °C (68 °F). The average annual rainfall is 10,000 mm (390 inches). A significantly large amount of snowfall is rare, and it is uncommon even at higher elevations. This belt of Himalayas is wetter as it receives more rain than the drier
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most precipitation during winter takes the form of snowfall. Snow accumulation in the valleys greatly reduces the area's wintertime temperature. The northeast monsoon is the predominant feature of the
Eastern Himalayan region's weather, while on the southern slopes cold season precipitation is more
94:, the western end of a group of uplands in Nepal. Most of the Sub-Himalayas are in Nepal; a small portion reaches into Sikkim, India and a fragment is in the southern half of Bhutan. The region's topography, in part, has facilitated the region's rich biological diversity and ecosystem structure.
623:. In 2017, after three years of field work and taxonomic studies, its classification was corrected by Bhutanese and Japanese researchers. It was theorised this misclassification may have arisen due to the finding that some Himalayan flora readily
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region was probably connected with it. The
Chomolhari tourmaline granites of Bhutan, stretching westwards from the Paro Chu and adds much depth below the present surface, were formed during this period of uplift, fracture and subsidence.
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species and 8% of the world's bird species. Preserving this diverse wilderness is essential for the area's and the world's biodiversity. The area has many ecological projects intended to ensure the survival and growth of many species.
368:, and the hill slopes are cut by the locals into successive steps or terraces only a few meters broad, thus preventing water run-off and allowing spring crops to thrive. The region's economy relied mostly on
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levels for centuries due to the lack of capital, investor access, or entrepreneurial knowledge. Inhabitants also relied heavily on wild and semi-cultivated species for food and herbal medicines.
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The Buxa range of Indo-Bhutan is also a part of the ancient rocks of the
Himalayas. The ancient folds, running mainly along an east-west axis, were worn down during a long period of
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metamorphic belt may be found overlying
Chasilakha-Soraya gneiss in some places. Silurian metamorphics in other places suggest long denudation of the surface. This was the time of
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agriculture, supplemented by hunting, fishing and barter trade. Agricultural does not produce sufficient yields to meet local needs. The region's economy remained stagnant and at
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deposits are preserved in discontinuous basins. Limestone deposits also appear in Bhutan on the southern flanks of the Lower
Himalayas. The rocks of the highlands are mainly
619:, commonly called the blue poppy. This flower was the source of an ecological mystery for nearly a century, due to its misclassification as
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deposits formed from seawater tides oscillating between land and sea levels. During subsequent periods, tertiary rocks were laid down. The
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mountain and large number of "active volcanoes" formation which act as backbone of the
Himalayas and much of the movement in the
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has a more varied geomorphic history and pervasive topographic features than the
Central Himalayas. In the southwest of the
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age, with limestones and shales of the same period in places. The core of the mountain is exposed across the centre, where
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rocks disappeared from the surface, except in its north near
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grasslands occur up to 4,500 m (14,800 ft)), and above this elevation snow and ice occupies the space.
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and
Takhstasang gneiss outcrops are visible in the northwest and northeast, the latter extending to western
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The
Eastern Himalayas sustain a diverse array of wildlife, including many rare species of fauna and flora.
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era the whole of the worn-down plateau was under sea. In this expansive shallow sea, which covered most of
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on the lower slopes up to 900 m (3,000 ft) in the foothills. At higher elevations, wet
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species. Himalayan high-elevation wetlands are also notable for their biodiversity.
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in the foothills of the Himalayas, making the country one of the world's greatest
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with each other and produce viable seeds, causing wider morphological diversity.
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Agricultural conditions vary throughout the region. In the highlands the soil is
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A political/geographical representation of the Eastern Himalayas. Image credits:
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Climate change in the Eastern Himalayas: observed trends and model projections
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724:. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development.
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The Eastern Himalayas consist of 6 distinct political/national territories:
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798:"Evaluating high-altitude Ramsar wetlands in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas"
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is in India and China at 2,000–3,300 m (6,600–10,800 ft), and
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times, possibly over a hundred million years. During this time the
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The picture seen right is of the national flower of Bhutan
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basins, feature dense forests and provide habitat for
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The climate of the Eastern Himalayas is of a tropical
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62:. The climate of this region is influenced by the
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541:. Three major river basins of Nepal, namely the
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457:Himalaya (central, eastern and southern Nepal)
16:Eastern half of the Himalayas mountain range
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418:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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744:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
438:Learn how and when to remove this message
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151:Learn how and when to remove this message
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715:Shrestha, A.B.; Devkota, L.P. (2010).
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858:– World Wildlife Fund projects
416:adding citations to reliable sources
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330:Köppen Climate Classification System
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129:adding citations to reliable sources
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687:Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)
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66:from June to September. It is a
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907:Mountain ranges of Pakistan
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897:Mountain ranges of Myanmar
830:"Himalayas | Places | WWF"
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757:10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9
642:Indus-Yarlung suture zone
912:Mountain ranges of Tibet
902:Mountain ranges of Nepal
892:Mountain ranges of India
657:Ecology of the Himalayas
937:Physiographic divisions
887:Mountain ranges of Asia
796:O'Neill, A. R. (2019).
682:Indian Himalayan Region
662:Geology of the Himalaya
461:Darjeeling Sub-Himalaya
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882:Flora of East Himalaya
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652:Lower Himalayan Range
647:Main Himalayan Thrust
591:Macaca arunachalensis
539:biodiversity hotspots
511:Meconopsis gakyidiana
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72:biocultural diversity
64:monsoon of South Asia
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672:Geography of Myanmar
412:improve this section
370:shifting cultivation
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125:improve this section
68:biodiversity hotspot
34:extend from eastern
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567:tropical rainforest
380:Political divisions
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677:Eastern South Asia
621:Meconopsis grandis
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343:In the valleys of
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856:Eastern Himalayas
587:Arunachal macaque
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561:The most diverse
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519:Wildlife in Nepal
484:Arunachal Pradesh
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82:The Eastern
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551:Koshi River
374:subsistence
360:Agriculture
356:important.
185:Torsa River
141:August 2020
866:Categories
838:29 January
808:: e00715.
703:References
617:gakyidiana
615:Meconopsis
599:M. mulatta
507:blue poppy
247:palaeozoic
222:in India.
197:sandstones
169:cretaceous
165:denudation
917:East Asia
872:Himalayas
750:(1): 21.
625:hybridize
555:butterfly
521:includes
399:does not
273:does not
205:Paleozoic
189:limestone
112:does not
90:lies the
84:Himalayas
776:28356115
631:See also
607:pheasant
543:Ghaghara
497:Wildlife
492:Himalaya
486:Himalaya
480:Himalaya
468:Himalaya
366:morainic
227:Mesozoic
213:Silurian
209:Cambrian
201:Devonian
187:, where
767:5372287
603:sunbird
420:removed
405:sources
345:Rangeet
294:removed
279:sources
254:Climate
225:In the
199:of the
177:permian
133:removed
118:sources
60:Myanmar
38:across
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593:) and
581:, and
571:páramo
478:Bhutan
455:Nepali
353:Chumbi
351:, and
349:Teesta
243:Alpine
216:slates
52:Yunnan
46:, the
44:Bhutan
25:ICIMOD
722:(PDF)
583:pikas
472:Assam
235:chalk
231:Assam
56:China
36:Nepal
840:2016
772:PMID
605:and
549:and
533:and
505:The
403:any
401:cite
277:any
275:cite
239:Paro
211:and
193:coal
191:and
175:and
116:any
114:cite
30:The
810:doi
762:PMC
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414:by
288:by
183:to
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54:in
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