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Development of eSpeak continued from 1.16 (there was not a 1.15 release) with the addition of an eSpeakEdit program for editing and building the eSpeak voice data. These were only available as separate source and binary downloads up to eSpeak 1.24. The 1.24.02 version of eSpeak was the first version
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On 8 December 2015, there were discussions on the eSpeak mailing list about the lack of activity from
Jonathan Duddington over the previous 8 months from the last eSpeak development release. This evolved into discussions of continuing development of eSpeak in Jonathan's absence. The result of this
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code. They can be modified by "voice variants". These are text files which can change characteristics such as pitch range, add effects such as echo, whisper and croaky voice, or make systematic adjustments to formant frequencies to change the sound of the voice. For example, "af" is the
Afrikaans
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data are necessary (e.g. stress of syllable, falling or rising pitch of basic frequency, pause, etc.) and other information, which allows to synthesize more human, non-monotonous speech. E.g. in eSpeakNG format stressed syllable is added using apostrophe:
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voices, eSpeakNG converts the text to phonemes and associated pitch contours. It passes this to the MBROLA program using the PHO file format, capturing the audio created in output by MBROLA. That audio is then handled by eSpeakNG.
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are made by playing recorded sounds, because they are rich in harmonics, which makes additive synthesis less effective. Voiced consonants such as /z/ are made by mixing a synthesized voiced sound with a recorded sample of unvoiced
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method, providing many languages in a relatively small file size. eSpeakNG (Next
Generation) is a continuation of the original developer's project with more feedback from native speakers.
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On 11 December 2015, the espeak-ng fork was started. The first release of espeak-ng was 1.49.0 on 10 September 2016, containing significant code cleanup, bug fixes, and language updates.
270:. Some languages have had more work or feedback from native speakers than others. Most of the people who have helped to improve the various languages are blind users of text-to-speech.
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428:) which do not have straightforward one-to-one rules between writing and pronunciation; therefore, the first step in text-to-speech generation has to be text-to-phoneme translation.
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Kayte, S., & Gawali, D. B. (2015). Marathi Speech
Synthesis: A review. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, 3(6), 3708-3711.
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The quality of the language voices varies greatly. In eSpeakNG's predecessor eSpeak, the initial versions of some languages were based on information found on
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Phonetic representations can be included within text input by including them within double square-brackets. For example: espeak-ng -v en "Hello ]" will say
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voice. "af+f2" is the
Afrikaans voice modified with the "f2" voice variant which changes the formants and the pitch range to give a female sound.
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On 4 October 2015 (6 months after the 1.48.15 release of eSpeak), this fork started diverging more significantly from the original eSpeak.
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eSpeakNG can be used as text-to-speech translator in different ways, depending on which text-to-speech translation step user want to use.
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was the creation of the espeak-ng (Next
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to filter out necessary frequency spectrum and sound envelope for particular consonant (s, t, k) or sonorant (l, m, n) sound.
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The Klatt synthesizer mostly uses the same formant data as the eSpeakNG synthesizer. But, it also produces sounds by
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license. The last official eSpeak release was 1.48.04 for
Windows and Linux, 1.47.06 for RISC OS and 1.45.04 for
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version added in
January 2007. Development on Speak continued until version 1.14, when it was renamed to eSpeak.
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1779:"[Espeak-general] Taking ownership of the espeak project and its future | eSpeak: speech synthesis"
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using the 1.43.46 release. This started off as an effort to make it easier to build eSpeak on Linux and other
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Mohanan, S., Salkar, S., Naik, G., Dessai, N. F., & Naik, S. (2012). Text Reader for
Konkani Language.
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and other Linux distributions. Its predecessor eSpeak was recommended by
Microsoft in 2016 and was used by
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If eSpeakNG is used for generation of prosody data only, then prosody data can be used as input for
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computers supporting British English. On 17 February 2006, Speak 1.05 was released under the
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for 27 languages in 2010; 17 of these were subsequently replaced by proprietary voices.
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van Leussen, Jan-Wilem; Tromp, Maarten (26 July 2007). "Latin to Speech". p. 6.
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eSpeakNG uses an ASCII representation of phoneme names which is loosely based on the
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An Improved System for Converting Text into Speech for Punjabi Language using eSpeak
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by starting with generated noise, which is rich in harmonics, and then applying
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using its two different approaches. With its own eSpeakNG synthesizer and a
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Hadeda: The noisy way to practice spelling vocabulary using a cell phone
1759:"Switch to eSpeak NG in NVDA distribution · Issue #5651 · nvaccess/Nvda"
1507:"Switch to eSpeak NG in NVDA distribution · Issue #5651 · nvaccess/nvda"
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eSpeakNG performs text-to-speech synthesis for the following languages:
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eSpeakNG can be used as a command-line program, or as a shared library.
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310:. The last development release of eSpeak was 1.48.15 on 16 April 2015.
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In 1995, Jonathan Duddington released the Speak speech synthesizer for
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input text is translated into pronunciation phonemes (e.g. input text
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Because of its small size and many languages, eSpeakNG is included in
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Currently unreleased; it must be built from the latest source code.
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Adding Japanese language synthesis support to the eSpeak system
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The eSpeakNG synthesizer creates voiced speech sounds such as
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
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Adapting eSpeak for converting text into speech in Albanian
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For comparison two samples with and without prosody data:
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International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI)
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pronunciation phonemes are synthesized into sound e.g.,
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1853:. J. Acoustical Society of America, 67(3) March 1980.
1848:"Software for a cascade/parallel formant synthesizer"
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Giving a voice to more languages on Google Translate
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adding together sine waves to make the total sound.
1655:"eSpeak: speech synthesis / Code / Browse Commits"
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369:Language voices are identified by the language's
27:Compact, open-source, software speech synthesizer
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1910:The IST-Africa 2009 Conference, Kampala, Uganda
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1686:http://espeak.sourceforge.net/test/latest.html
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542:The eSpeakNG provides two different types of
1904:Butgereit, L., & Botha, A. (2009, May).
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1921:Hamiti, M., & Kastrati, R. (2014).
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1826:"Release 1.49.0 · espeak-ng/espeak-ng"
329:On 25 June 2010, Reece Dunn started a
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420:1. step — text to phoneme translation
412:ESpeakNG intro by eSpeakNG in English
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1445:Free and open-source software portal
474:which provides more natural speech:
2058:Kaur, R., & Sharma, D. (2016).
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2425:Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips
465:To add intonation for speech i.e.
424:There are many languages (notably
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1539:"espeak-ng package : Ubuntu"
255:for Windows, as well as Android,
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1597:"eSpeak Speech Synthesizer"
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75:; 18 years ago
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2036:. University of Amsterdam.
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321:with ASCII characters.
286:license, initially for
62:Alexander Epaneshnikov
2586:Articulatory synthesis
2540:Franklin Seaney Cooper
1619:espeak.sourceforge.net
1601:espeak.sourceforge.net
1391:Currently, only fully
820:Received Pronunciation
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2555:Wolfgang von Kempelen
2335:CeVIO Creative Studio
2294:CeVIO Creative Studio
2177:Automatik Text Reader
583:subtractive synthesis
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106:; 2 years ago
2550:Haskins Laboratories
2259:Microsoft Speech API
1192:constructed language
696:Bishnupriya Manipuri
236:, compact, software
230:free and open-source
2652:GNOME Accessibility
1891:. 13 February 2022.
1673:"Espeak: Downloads"
1545:. 21 December 2023.
1378:Southern Vietnamese
1368:Northern Vietnamese
571:Unvoiced consonants
563:sonorant consonants
440:for pronunciation).
436:is translated into
52:Jonathan Duddington
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2560:Ignatius Mattingly
2080:eSpeakNG on GitHub
2030:Pronk, R. (2013).
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1051:Lingua Franca Nova
567:additive synthesis
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186:Speech synthesizer
73:February 2006
48:Original author(s)
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1155:Latin alphabet
1148:
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1128:
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933:
931:Haitian Creole
928:
923:
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898:
893:
888:
878:
868:
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292:Windows SAPI 5
275:
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234:cross-platform
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104:/ 2 April 2022
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93:Stable release
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2621:Voice cloning
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2611:Phase vocoder
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2530:Alan W. Black
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2124:Free software
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1582:Google blog,
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1569:Google blog,
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1412:is supported.
1411:
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1066:Luxembourgish
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631:Ancient Greek
629:
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521:intonated way
511:
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494:
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468:
458:
447:is voiced as
442:
435:
431:
430:
429:
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397:
392:
382:
380:
379:Usenet system
375:
372:
367:
365:
360:
352:
349:
345:
342:
340:
336:
333:of eSpeak on
332:
322:
320:
317:to represent
316:
315:Usenet scheme
311:
309:
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253:screen reader
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41:
36:
30:
19:
2616:Self-voicing
2565:Philip Rubin
2444:Applications
2405:Mockingboard
2234:Amazon Polly
2217:Proprietary
2192:
2138:
2063:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2031:
2026:
1929:, 11(4), 21.
1926:
1917:
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609:
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541:
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423:
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396:in English.
383:
376:
368:
362:It supports
361:
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346:
343:
328:
312:
296:
277:
265:
251:open source
246:
240:. It uses a
225:
224:
111:2 April 2022
58:Developer(s)
29:
2545:Gunnar Fant
2523:Researchers
2521:Developers/
2461:Dr. Sbaitso
2269:Readspeaker
2148:Gnopernicus
1865:"espeak-ng"
1410:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
971:Interlingua
911:Greenlandic
800:Lancastrian
671:Azerbaijani
515:is spelled
498:is spelled
390:Hello world
341:platforms.
2636:Categories
2486:Voice font
2451:AOLbyPhone
2350:PPG Phonem
2340:Chipspeech
2279:CoolSpeech
1573:, May 2010
1479:References
1374:Vietnamese
1364:Vietnamese
1354:Vietnamese
1176:Portuguese
1166:Portuguese
1141:Papiamento
1071:Macedonian
1056:Lithuanian
961:Indonesian
686:Belarusian
591:enveloping
300:subversion
215:/espeak-ng
213:/espeak-ng
146:Written in
137:/espeak-ng
135:/espeak-ng
125:Repository
98:1.51
2495:Protocols
2481:PlainTalk
2325:Alter/Ego
2304:LaLaVoice
2299:Voiceroid
2193:eCantorix
2153:Gnuspeech
1699:CiteSeerX
1543:Launchpad
1458:PlainTalk
1334:Ukrainian
1264:Slovenian
1240:(Tai Yai)
1190:Pyash (a
1170:Brazilian
1121:Norwegian
1110:Classical
1081:Malayalam
1041:Latgalian
956:Icelandic
951:Hungarian
846:Esperanto
790:Caribbean
716:Cantonese
706:Bulgarian
641:Aragonese
616:Afrikaans
606:Languages
371:ISO 639-1
325:eSpeak NG
290:, with a
268:Knowledge
2512:VoiceXML
2456:DialogOS
2375:Vocaloid
2370:Vocalina
2355:Realivox
2289:CereProc
2249:Talk It!
2227:Speaking
2219:software
2143:eSpeakNG
2132:Speaking
1846:(1979).
1431:See also
1421:Katakana
1417:Hiragana
1244:Sindarin
1233:Setswana
1203:Romanian
1180:Portugal
1091:Manipuri
986:Japanese
936:Hawaiian
921:Gujarati
891:Georgian
851:Estonian
830:Scottish
770:American
741:Croatian
735:Mandarin
726:Cherokee
666:Assamese
656:Armenian
646:Armenian
621:Albanian
597:For the
481:z'i@r0ks
472:z'i@r0ks
366:(SSML).
355:Features
319:phonemes
33:eSpeakNG
18:ESpeakNG
2579:Process
2400:Echo II
2393:Machine
2380:Xiaoice
2318:Singing
2239:DECtalk
2186:Singing
2172:FreeTTS
1399:Persian
1339:Urarina
1324:Turkish
1319:Turkmen
1294:Swedish
1289:Swahili
1279:Spanish
1269:Spanish
1254:Sinhala
1228:Serbian
1213:Russian
1208:Russian
1186:Punjabi
1151:Persian
1146:Persian
1106:Nahuatl
1101:Marathi
1086:Maltese
1046:Latvian
1031:Quechua
1021:Kurdish
1011:Konkani
1006:Kʼicheʼ
1001:Klingon
991:Kannada
981:Italian
916:Guarani
865:Belgian
856:Finnish
836:English
826:English
816:English
806:English
796:English
786:English
780:British
776:English
766:English
751:Chuvash
731:Chinese
721:Catalan
711:Burmese
701:Bosnian
691:Bengali
676:Bashkir
626:Amharic
544:formant
467:prosody
454:zi@r0ks
445:zi@r0ks
438:zi@r0ks
426:English
280:RISC OS
274:History
204:Website
193:License
174:FreeBSD
166:Windows
109: (
80:2006-02
78: (
2596:Currah
2570:Yamaha
2466:MBROLA
2415:Phasor
2330:Cantor
2139:eSpeak
1888:GitHub
1869:GitHub
1830:GitHub
1764:GitHub
1744:GitHub
1724:GitHub
1701:
1511:GitHub
1473:Speech
1329:Uyghur
1309:Telugu
1259:Slovak
1249:Sindhi
1217:Latvia
1198:Quenya
1161:Polish
1125:Bokmål
1116:Nepali
1061:Lojban
1026:Kyrgyz
1016:Korean
996:Kazakh
941:Hebrew
905:Modern
896:German
885:France
881:French
875:Canada
871:French
861:French
756:Danish
681:Basque
636:Arabic
599:MBROLA
578:sound.
559:vowels
532:MBROLA
335:GitHub
257:Ubuntu
226:eSpeak
209:github
131:github
64:et al.
2606:PSOLA
2507:SABLE
2435:TuVox
2309:15.ai
2284:IVONA
2203:Sinsy
2167:Flite
1908:. In
1851:(PDF)
1384:Welsh
1349:Uzbek
1304:Tatar
1299:Tamil
1273:Spain
1136:Oromo
1131:Nogai
1096:Māori
1076:Malay
1036:Latin
976:Irish
946:Hindi
901:Greek
761:Dutch
746:Czech
573:e.g.
434:xerox
339:POSIX
308:macOS
304:GPLv3
288:Linux
284:GPLv2
228:is a
198:GPLv3
170:macOS
162:Linux
2420:RIAS
2365:UTAU
2158:Orca
1419:and
1344:Urdu
1314:Thai
1238:Shan
589:and
561:and
331:fork
249:NVDA
211:.com
181:Type
133:.com
966:Ido
575:/s/
565:by
2638::
2062:.
1934:^
1925:.
1897:^
1885:.
1867:.
1828:.
1799:.
1781:.
1761:.
1741:.
1721:.
1657:.
1646:^
1627:^
1617:.
1599:.
1541:.
1509:.
553::
381:.
232:,
2165:/
2141:/
2108:e
2101:t
2094:v
1912:.
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733:(
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658:(
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648:(
513:]
496:]
217:/
150:C
139:/
113:)
82:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
