191:
151:
2245:
1425:
54:
3667:). With each one being able to veto the actions of the other, the election of two politically-opposed Censors was intended as a check on executive power. Censors serve a single non-renewable five-year term and (alongside commonwealth governors) become life-long-serving members of the Senate upon leaving office.
3288:
The members of the
Executive Council were to be appointed by the Secretary of State and were responsible to him in all matters. There were certain matters that he was to administer at his own discretion, in which he was responsible to the Secretary of State. Each councillor was to remain in office
3284:
Under that act, the executive was to be headed by a governor appointed by the
Secretary of State, who could consult the Governor General. The governor was responsible to the Secretary of State for acts of omission and commission. He was to maintain law and order in the province and ensure that the
4061:
The
President of France, Emmanuel Macron, serves as Co-Prince of Andorra in addition to his duties as French President and is one of the few examples of a democratically elected leader serving in a royal capacity in another country. Since 2003, the other Co-Prince is the Catholic Bishop of Urgell
3573:) in their capacity as traditional rulers. Constitutionally, however, the King is the sole head of state, though it is often argued that the giving of authority wholesale to the royal male in this way is a neo-traditionalistic as opposed to truly traditional custom.
3693:, the nation of Equestria where most of the series takes place is shown to be a diarchy. While the older Princess Celestia is depicted as ruling on her own in the first season of the series, she is later joined by her younger sister Princess Luna as a co-ruler.
3119:. Both were addressed as Velikiy Gosudar (Great Sovereign), held court together, and when they did not the ceremony was the same. While both were equal in theory, in practice Patriarch Filaret ruled, with Michael supporting whatever his father ordered.
3289:
for a period of four years. Their salaries and service conditions were not subject to the vote of provincial legislature. All decisions in the council were to be taken by a majority of votes, the
Governor being able to break ties.
3285:
provincial administration worked smoothly. In respect of transferred subjects, he was to be assisted by his ministers whereas reserved subjects were to be administered by the
Governor General and his executive council.
3261:" on 20 August 1917 that British policy would henceforth be "increasing association of Indians in every branch of the administration and the gradual development of self-governing institutions". Montagu and
2585:. In practice, however, the religious leaders function more as advisors to the kings than as corulers. Both arms of the traditional dual government are in practice less important than the
3380:. During the term, the government's roles and duties were divided between the two prime ministers, each one of them entitled to remove ministers without the other's interference.
3344:, Barrientos promulgated the co-presidency between himself and Ovando Candía. The pair ruled as dual presidents until 1966 when Barrientos resigned in order to run in that year's
4328:
3200:
by his daughter Mary and his son-in-law and nephew
William, who jointly ruled England, Scotland and Ireland until Mary died in 1694, succeeded by William as the sole monarch.
3422:
The status of monarchs is sometimes impugned by accusations of corule when an advisor, family member, lover, or friend appears to have taken too great a hand in government.
3058:
and various secular rulers known as desis. The growing power of the desis caused the 7th Dalai Lama to abolish the post and replace it with a council known as the
676:
3631:. One of them, the husband, oversees political and military matters while the other one, the wife, is in charge of spiritual and otherwise ceremonial affairs.
2273:
2704:
on campaign (during which only one king would usually lead a given force) and certain religious functions, as well as having ex-officio seats in the
3400:
Shared power arrangements within a modern bureaucracy may also be known as a "diarchy" or "duumvirate". Examples include the joint authority of the
3486:), with Sukarno setting government policy and rallying support and Hatta managing day-to-day administration. More recently, the great influence of
3213:
3315:. Meaʻole died the next year, after which the country functioned as a monarchy until the death of Tanumafili and a republic thereafter.
3262:
2911:. The diarchy lasted from 1173 to 1203 until the death of Ghiyath al-Din, leaving his ruler, Muhammad sole ruler of the Ghurid empire.
4074:
2618:
1490:
3533:
In addition to actual sharing of political power between religious and military leaders, as occurred in Tibet and Bhutan, the great
3226:
1704:
4048:
2266:
1317:
3401:
3357:
1283:
4244:
4217:
4014:
2642:
910:
884:
3466:, Chinese and Japanese emperors were sometimes able to 'retire' but continue to exert great influence over state policy. In
3209:
2885:, establishing the Hungarian monarchy. It is not known with certainty whether Árpád was originally the kende or the gyula.
1453:
3689:
3521:
869:
469:
3592:, the fictional land of Barataria is ruled jointly for a while by two kings, who happen to be the gondoliers themselves.
4406:
3369:
3324:
2614:
2259:
3340:
rose to power as president of the military junta. The following year, faced with discontent from loyalists of
General
592:
118:
4123:
4115:
3501:
Within electoral politics, governments, coalitions and parties may sometimes have two fairly equal leaders, as with:
3029:
3017:
2574:
137:
90:
4416:
4301:
3447:
3089:
in 1907. In contrast to Tibet, the dynasty eventually consolidated its power and now rules as the kings of Bhutan.
2777:
2453:
4106:
Worden, Robert L. (1991). "Chapter 6 - Bhutan: Theocratic
Government, 1616-1907". In Savada, Andrea Matles (ed.).
4209:
Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the
Islamic Conquest : 11Th-13th Centuries
3747:
3495:
3405:
3013:
2731:
2144:
1324:
915:
3702:, the Northern Water Tribe becomes a diarchy, ruled by the twins Desna and Eska, cousins to the title character.
3427:
3330:
711:
3677:
3345:
3270:
3258:
3131:
1951:
1906:
1039:
632:
97:
75:
2491:
1777:
260:
190:
4167:
3558:
3274:
3246:
2529:
2358:
2354:
751:
3005:
4291:
3383:
However, this system did not survive even until the first planned rotation and was abolished again after
3116:
1971:
1486:
1101:
104:
4381:"Russians and the Putin-Medvedev "Tandemocracy": A Survey-Based Portrait of the 2007-08 Election Season"
2700:
over the other's actions. However, the
Spartan kings' powers and duties consisted mainly of leading the
2622:
1792:
1273:
1096:
905:
785:
17:
3606:
was also ruled jointly by two kings, the two sons of Elendil. He himself was king of its sister realm
2989:
454:
3376:. After a half of the government's term, the two prime ministers would change positions as part of a
3361:
3334:
3266:
2664:
1278:
1133:
879:
539:
3312:
484:
86:
3772:
3373:
2931:
was notionally a supreme spiritual and temporal lord who delegated authority for joint rule to the
2638:
2590:
2366:
1542:
1446:
622:
572:
379:
71:
3341:
721:
4153:
3219:
2904:
2560:
2307:
2200:
1767:
995:
602:
270:
64:
3506:
3308:
3143:
2566:
2215:
1782:
1366:
1113:
874:
681:
337:
3498:), until Putin's resumption of the office of president established him as the greater figure.
3364:
underwent a major change. A system of two prime ministers, appointed at the same time by the
2768:
were not rulers but magistrates, performing various judicial, religious, or public functions.
3618:
3250:
2721:
2681:
2602:
2487:
2210:
2073:
1670:
1199:
1143:
775:
218:
4196:
Toumanoff, Cyrill (1969) „Chronology of the Early Kings of Iberia“ Traditio, Vol. 25, p. 33.
706:
494:
4368:
3607:
3589:
3254:
3106:
2785:
2586:
2556:
2440:
monarchies may be included as well, as may the dual occupants of the imperial title of the
1226:
856:
845:
795:
756:
746:
696:
686:
504:
8:
4380:
3377:
3189:
3163:
3123:
3098:
3033:
2789:
2513:
2449:
2365:
some powers to local councils, which had included native Indian representation under the
2134:
2043:
2000:
1787:
1552:
1439:
1371:
829:
816:
803:
327:
3792:
3680:
became a duumvirate comprising a human and an artificial intelligence (reminiscent of a
3062:, permitting him to consolidate his authority over the realm. A similar system arose in
529:
479:
150:
4411:
4273:
4081:
3712:
3623:
3384:
3222:
3181:
3167:
3159:
3127:
3102:
3067:
2850:
originally possessed a system of dual kingship, with religious authority vested in the
2533:
1772:
1557:
1532:
1391:
1268:
1209:
1138:
936:
923:
897:
554:
399:
265:
3337:
4240:
4213:
4129:
4119:
4108:
4010:
3681:
3647:
3298:
3112:
2667:. They serve as joint heads of state, and are normally chosen from opposing parties.
2433:
2389:
temporarily controlled by two or more people is, however, usually distinguished as a
2205:
1926:
1757:
1709:
1537:
1470:
1396:
1381:
1300:
990:
861:
808:
790:
736:
716:
701:
691:
524:
509:
459:
439:
307:
255:
250:
228:
223:
175:
111:
3431:
3417:
3820:
3652:
3642:, is jointly governed by an elected Policy Coordinator and Engineering Coordinator.
3599:
3193:
3135:
2928:
2908:
2652:
2610:
2517:
2421:
2038:
1961:
1931:
1805:
1547:
1527:
1408:
1307:
1256:
741:
656:
352:
322:
275:
4234:
4207:
3698:
3545:
over a devout country can sometimes be described as a form of diarchy or corule.
3542:
3491:
3001:
2823:
2793:
2648:
2465:
2409:
2397:
2396:
Corule is one of the oldest forms of government. Historical examples include the
2249:
2222:
2078:
2068:
1865:
1762:
1429:
1000:
928:
892:
824:
731:
726:
671:
544:
519:
464:
3916:
2708:(Senate). Actual day-to-day public administration in Sparta was managed by the
2385:, are now used more generally to refer to any system of joint rule or office. A
3656:
3584:
3487:
3475:
3177:
3139:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3009:
2988:) of two sovereigns over a territory. The most famous such arrangement was the
2981:
2900:
2894:
2781:
2746:
2738:
2693:
2541:
2413:
2374:
2227:
2158:
2063:
1896:
1810:
1238:
1160:
666:
424:
347:
302:
3898:
3150:
collaborated with and then supplanted existing bourgeois forms of government.
4400:
4030:
3815:'tandemocracy' particularly refers to the Putin–Medvedev diarchy, as it is a
3514:
3510:
3278:
2855:
2831:
2626:
2350:
2290:
2114:
2009:
1911:
1901:
1742:
1356:
1251:
1231:
1221:
1034:
559:
549:
489:
449:
444:
285:
2687:
2338:, by collusion and force. The leaders of such a system are usually known as
2295:
3664:
3660:
3639:
3628:
3566:
3463:
3459:
3443:
2754:
2701:
2625:. Both positions exercise identical executive powers; however they are not
2606:
2500:
2417:
2163:
2090:
2084:
2058:
2053:
2029:
2019:
1956:
1845:
1665:
1589:
1216:
1091:
1056:
840:
661:
534:
499:
357:
4370:
Beyond Weimar-Russia: The Putin-Medvedev Duumvirate as Imperial Revanchist
1150:
3729:
3234:
3230:
3086:
2835:
2578:
2441:
2429:
2168:
2153:
2095:
1966:
1830:
1629:
1624:
1604:
1594:
1584:
1386:
1351:
1123:
1081:
1027:
985:
955:
780:
514:
394:
295:
165:
30:"Duumvirate" redirects here. For the Roman offices held by duumvirs, see
3434:" who controlled much of their countries' policies. In British history,
3423:
3269:, then made an extensive tour of the subcontinent in 1917 and 1918. The
2244:
1424:
4277:
4261:
3570:
3534:
3439:
2997:
2977:
2882:
2847:
2660:
2505:
2461:
2425:
2362:
2173:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2105:
1946:
1737:
1619:
1614:
1478:
1243:
1194:
1118:
612:
434:
362:
213:
42:
2969:
2963:
2867:
2696:
was divided between two kings from separate dynasties, each holding a
1049:
3741:
3735:
3723:
3611:
3562:
3467:
3435:
3229:
from 1841 to 1867. Usually, one was chosen from the English-speaking
3147:
3082:
3016:
of Liège and the United Provinces, which administered it through the
2973:
2735:
2582:
2521:
2457:
2401:
2390:
1976:
1870:
1860:
1855:
1840:
1835:
1825:
1699:
1660:
1649:
1644:
1634:
1599:
1567:
1511:
1506:
1376:
1361:
1312:
1263:
1172:
1128:
1108:
1076:
1020:
1010:
965:
960:
582:
389:
372:
342:
38:
4329:"Russian Politics: Is Kudrin the Cure for Putin's 'Tandem Malaise'?"
2933:
2924:
53:
3717:
3672:
3554:
3172:
2946:
2878:
2765:
2742:
2725:
2705:
2386:
2370:
2334:
2048:
1609:
1579:
1522:
1346:
1290:
1155:
1015:
384:
317:
182:
31:
2369:. 'Duumvirate' principally referred to the offices of the various
3798:, "the office of the two men". Occasionally in the mistaken form
3471:
3365:
3185:
3078:
2993:
2951:
2496:
2445:
2437:
2329:
1850:
1687:
1677:
1403:
1295:
1204:
1086:
1044:
1005:
474:
332:
312:
208:
4133:
2663:
are elected every six months by the Sammarinese parliament, the
2444:, or its system of succession. Modern examples of diarchies are
4295:
4168:"Captains Regent — Repubblica di San Marino, portale ufficiale"
3816:
3603:
3130:
in November, political power in Russia was divided between the
3070:
3063:
3059:
2827:
2797:
2570:
2537:
2510:
2405:
2014:
1334:
367:
2432:
societies. Systems of inheritance that often led to corule in
3988:
3986:
3786:
3595:
3368:, was established. According to the new method, there was an
3304:
3039:
2920:
2851:
2709:
2525:
2305:
2293:
1339:
1329:
429:
290:
4388:
The National Council for Eurasian and East European Research
4004:
3538:
3197:
2758:
2697:
2581:("King") and the Buddhist religious authorities led by the
2544:
1167:
3983:
2540:. The bishop of the diocese of Urgell is appointed by the
3812:
3442:
in pants" owing to the supposed influence of his mother,
3404:
and the Secretary of the Department of Defence over the
3663:(although the offices are more akin to the position of
3520:
Marama Davidson and James Shaw as joint leaders of the
3494:
was considered a duumvirate, or tandemocracy (see also
2944:
power was so complete that they are usually considered
4049:"Why is the President of France Co-Prince of Andorra?"
3726:, temporary rule over a monarchy by two or more people
2349:
particularly referred to the system of shared rule in
4080:. Government of Bhutan. 18 July 2008. Archived from
3602:, was ruled by a duumvirate. In its earliest years,
3142:
as "Dual Power". He elaborated the situation into a
78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4309:
4107:
2328:, with two people ruling a polity together either
37:For any temporary joint rule over a monarchy, see
27:Form of government with two individuals as leaders
4031:"The constitution of the Principality of Andorra"
3307:in 1962, power was shared between the two chiefs
4398:
4379:Hale, Henry E.; et al. (8 September 2009),
3480:
3303:During the establishment of the modern state of
3214:List of joint premiers of the Province of Canada
3153:
2877:a little after the arrival of the Hungarians in
2377:. Both, along with less common synonyms such as
2860:
4378:
3992:
4259:
3827:
3659:, governed by two chief executives styled as
3627:, are traditionally led by a pair of married
2267:
1447:
4005:Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, María (2008).
3565:) rules in conjunction with his mother, the
3273:'s recommendations formed the basis for the
2757:, both elected each year and each holding a
2528:. Since 1962, the French president has been
2353:established by the Government of India Acts
4114:(3rd ed.). Federal Research Division,
4075:"The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan"
3790:
3776:article on the colonial British institution
3645:The Federated Commonwealths of America, in
3233:and the other one from the French-speaking
3453:
3038:Between 1642 and 1751, political power in
2800:at the time of the kings mentioned below.
2796:, there existed a dual power (Diarchy) in
2274:
2260:
1454:
1440:
2324:is a form of government characterized by
1491:List of countries by system of government
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
3928:
3926:
3634:The orbital colony New New York, in the
3411:
2881:, his role was usurped by the war-chief
149:
41:. For the leftist political theory, see
4361:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017
4099:
4062:from Spain, Joan-Enric Vives i Sicília.
3517:, which was nicknamed the "duumvirate".
2670:
14:
4399:
4373:(MA thesis), The Ohio State University
4366:
4315:
4236:India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765
4192:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4105:
4007:Le Grand Inca Pachacútec Inca Yupanqui
3875:
3873:
3548:
3438:'s reign was mocked as a "split-level
2866:). It is believed that when the kende
885:Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil
4266:The Slavonic and East European Review
4232:
4146:
3923:
3676:, it is suggested that the Office of
2854:and military authority vested in the
2643:List of Captains Regent of San Marino
4205:
4067:
3528:
3210:Government of the Province of Canada
2476:
76:adding citations to reliable sources
47:
4390:, Seattle: University of Washington
4181:
3870:
3690:My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic
3522:Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand
3509:of 5–19 December 1972, composed of
2903:was an established diarchy between
2621:serve as joint heads of the area's
2596:
817:Establishment of the Dutch monarchy
24:
3537:of a religious leader such as the
3430:in France are famous examples of "
3370:Alternate Prime Minister of Israel
3358:2019–2021 Israeli political crisis
3196:, his kingships were succeeded in
2957:
25:
4428:
4262:"The Régime of Filaret 1619-1633"
4116:United States Library of Congress
4110:Nepal and Bhutan: Country Studies
3030:Tibetan dual system of government
3018:States General of the Netherlands
3008:. After the establishment of the
2715:
4233:Eaton, Richard M. (2019-07-25).
3054:who headed the realm's Buddhist
2243:
1423:
786:Foundation of the Ottoman Empire
189:
52:
4321:
4284:
4253:
4226:
4199:
4160:
4051:. Royal Central. 7 October 2019
4041:
4023:
3998:
3805:
3748:Condominium (international law)
3621:clan at the center of the film
3478:were nicknamed the Duumvirate (
3406:Australian Defence Organisation
3390:
3387:'s victory at the end of 2022.
2732:overthrow of the Roman monarchy
2464:, whose republic is led by two
916:Spanish transition to democracy
593:Les Six livres de la République
63:needs additional citations for
4239:. Penguin UK. pp. 39–45.
3964:
3945:
3909:
3891:
3851:
3779:
3760:
3678:President of the United States
3395:
3325:History of Bolivia (1964–1982)
3277:that established "diarchy" in
3132:Russian Provisional Government
2888:
1952:Intergovernmental organisation
1907:Separation of church and state
633:Democracy: The God That Failed
13:
1:
4367:Martin, Brian Joseph (2009),
4292:"A Revolution in the Nursery"
3839:
3655:, is modelled heavily on the
3576:
3170:were monarchies, they became
3154:England, Scotland and Ireland
3115:ruled along with his father,
2871:
2632:
2492:List of Co-Princes of Andorra
2471:
911:Birth of the Italian Republic
158:
3844:
3732:, joint rule by three people
3428:François Leclerc du Tremblay
3372:in addition to the standard
3275:Government of India Act 1919
3225:was usually governed by two
2734:, the Romans established an
2601:Under the terms of the 1998
1749:(socio-political ideologies)
7:
4212:. BRILL. pp. 139–140.
4154:"Northern Ireland Act 1998"
3738:, joint rule by four people
3706:
3496:Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy
3138:, a condition described by
3117:Patriarch Filaret of Moscow
2575:traditional dual government
1817:(socio-economic ideologies)
1487:List of forms of government
870:Austro-Hungarian Compromise
796:Birth of the Dutch Republic
10:
4433:
4350:
3744:, joint rule by ten people
3557:is a diarchy in which the
3415:
3402:Chief of the Defence Force
3322:
3318:
3296:
3271:Montague–Chelmsford Report
3207:
3096:
3027:
3000:, which was shared by the
2961:
2892:
2841:
2761:over the other's actions.
2719:
2688:Sparta § Constitution
2685:
2679:
2636:
2577:sharing power between the
2554:
2485:
2481:
2306:
2294:
906:Siamese revolution of 1932
36:
29:
4407:Collective heads of state
4359:Oxford English Dictionary
3828:
3720:, rule by a single person
3362:Basic Law: The Government
3351:
3267:Governor-General of India
3203:
3158:Although the Kingdoms of
3092:
3006:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
2771:
2675:
2665:Grand and General Council
2550:
1938:(geo-cultural ideologies)
880:5 October 1910 Revolution
776:Birth of the Roman Empire
3903:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3773:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3766:Occasionally misspelled
3753:
3374:Prime Minister of Israel
3292:
3240:
3023:
2992:that established modern
2976:treaty recognizing the "
2914:
2818:Pʽarsman II and Mirdat I
2805:
2639:Government of San Marino
2448:, whose princes are the
2367:Indian Councils Act 1892
623:Considerations on France
4417:Greek words and phrases
3917:"Definition of DUARCHY"
3474:and his vice president
3454:Informally shared power
3426:in Chinese history and
3042:was shared between the
2905:Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
2743:supreme executive power
2561:List of kings of Bhutan
2201:Administrative division
2145:International relations
1239:Emperor system of Japan
4260:J. L. H. Keep (1960).
3791:
3507:First Whitlam Ministry
3481:
3313:Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole
3309:Malietoa Tanumafili II
3180:during the co-rule of
3126:in March 1917 and the
2985:
2861:
2806:Bartom II and Kʽartʽam
2750:
2692:The office of king in
2656:
2499:is a parliamentary co-
2428:, and several ancient
1114:Enlightened absolutism
168:
155:Kings of the Visigoths
3993:Hale & al. (2009)
3412:Influential outsiders
3342:Alfredo Ovando Candía
3251:Lloyd George ministry
3111:From 1619-1633, Tsar
2950:monarchs rather than
2722:List of Roman consuls
2682:List of Spartan kings
2619:deputy First Minister
2603:Good Friday Agreement
2488:Government of Andorra
2211:Democratic transition
2074:Self-governing colony
1671:Military dictatorship
219:Divine right of kings
153:
4304:on December 19, 2000
4206:Wink, André (1990).
4035:www.andorramania.com
3590:Gilbert and Sullivan
3255:Edwin Samuel Montagu
3107:Dual Power in Russia
2786:Vakhushti Bagrationi
2778:Conversion of Kartli
2671:Historical diarchies
2557:Government of Bhutan
857:Unification of Italy
846:Second French Empire
72:improve this article
3617:The Omaticaya, the
3555:Kingdom of Eswatini
3549:Traditional leaders
3490:over his successor
3378:rotation government
3331:coup d'état in 1964
3263:Viscount Chelmsford
3190:Glorious Revolution
3144:dual-power doctrine
3124:February Revolution
3099:February Revolution
3034:List of Dalai Lamas
2937:. In practice, the
2815:Amazasp I and Derok
2809:Pʽarsman I and Kaos
2790:Teimuraz Bagrationi
2573:'s commitment to a
2503:. Its princes are (
2450:President of France
2373:established by the
2250:Politics portal
2135:Supranational union
2044:Dependent territory
1957:National government
1430:Politics portal
830:First French Empire
804:Glorious Revolution
3713:Directorial system
3598:, in the works of
3385:Benyamin Netanyahu
3223:Province of Canada
3182:William II and III
3128:October Revolution
3103:October Revolution
2534:universal suffrage
1269:List of monarchies
1070:Related ideologies
937:Nepalese Civil War
924:Iranian Revolution
898:Russian Revolution
893:Chinese Revolution
875:German unification
169:
4246:978-0-14-196655-7
4219:978-90-04-10236-1
4016:978-2-84734-462-2
3682:virtual assistant
3648:A Different Flesh
3614:over both realms.
3529:Religious leaders
3299:Politics of Samoa
3259:Grand Declaration
3113:Michael of Russia
2996:. Others include
2826:, the diarchs of
2812:Azork and Armazel
2657:Capitani Reggenti
2567:2008 Constitution
2477:Current diarchies
2284:
2283:
2235:
2234:
2206:Democracy indices
2181:
2180:
1984:
1983:
1793:Semi-presidential
1718:
1717:
1464:
1463:
862:Meiji Restoration
809:French Revolution
791:Tsarist autocracy
752:Popescu-Tăriceanu
251:Abdication system
229:Royal prerogative
224:Mandate of Heaven
148:
147:
140:
122:
16:(Redirected from
4424:
4391:
4385:
4374:
4362:
4344:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4300:, archived from
4288:
4282:
4281:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4113:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4086:
4079:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4058:
4056:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4002:
3996:
3990:
3981:
3979:
3968:
3962:
3960:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3930:
3921:
3920:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3877:
3868:
3866:
3855:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3809:
3803:
3796:
3783:
3777:
3764:
3653:Harry Turtledove
3610:, and served as
3600:J. R. R. Tolkien
3484:
3432:éminences grises
3346:general election
3194:James VII and II
3136:Petrograd Soviet
2943:
2909:Muhammad of Ghor
2876:
2873:
2864:
2830:in 370-378 were
2611:Northern Ireland
2605:intended to end
2597:Northern Ireland
2518:bishop of Urgell
2454:Bishop of Urgell
2311:
2310:
2304:, "double", and
2299:
2298:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2248:
2247:
2195:
2194:
2039:Associated state
1997:
1996:
1972:Internationalism
1962:World government
1939:
1818:
1750:
1731:
1730:
1705:Free association
1692:
1653:
1572:
1515:
1503:
1502:
1466:
1465:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1428:
1427:
1308:Philosopher king
638:
628:
618:
608:
598:
588:
578:
540:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
276:Crowned republic
261:Chinese Legalist
200:Central concepts
193:
171:
170:
163:
160:
143:
136:
132:
129:
123:
121:
80:
56:
48:
21:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4383:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4347:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4314:
4310:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4272:(91): 334–360.
4258:
4254:
4247:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4182:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4138:
4136:
4126:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4054:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4017:
4003:
3999:
3991:
3984:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3932:
3931:
3924:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3879:
3878:
3871:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3836:
3810:
3806:
3784:
3780:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3709:
3699:Legend of Korra
3579:
3551:
3543:Catholic Church
3531:
3492:Dmitry Medvedev
3456:
3448:Queen Elizabeth
3420:
3414:
3398:
3393:
3360:, the Israel's
3354:
3338:René Barrientos
3327:
3321:
3301:
3295:
3247:India Secretary
3243:
3216:
3208:Main articles:
3206:
3156:
3109:
3097:Main articles:
3095:
3052:7th Dalai Lamas
3036:
3028:Main articles:
3026:
3002:Duke of Brabant
2966:
2960:
2958:Medieval Europe
2941:
2917:
2897:
2891:
2874:
2844:
2824:Cyril Toumanoff
2794:Pavle Ingorokva
2774:
2764:The historical
2728:
2720:Main articles:
2718:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2673:
2649:captains regent
2645:
2637:Main articles:
2635:
2599:
2563:
2555:Main articles:
2553:
2494:
2486:Main articles:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2466:Captains Regent
2398:Pandyan dynasty
2280:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2223:Democratisation
2216:Autocratization
2192:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2139:
2100:
2079:Tributary state
2069:Satellite state
2024:
1994:
1993:Power structure
1986:
1985:
1937:
1936:
1918:
1889:
1875:
1866:Totalitarianism
1816:
1815:
1797:
1748:
1747:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1690:
1682:
1647:
1639:
1570:
1562:
1509:
1500:
1499:Source of power
1477:Basic forms of
1471:Politics series
1460:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1061:
980:
972:
971:
970:
950:
942:
941:
933:
929:Modern Cambodia
902:
866:
850:
834:
825:Trienio Liberal
813:
771:
763:
762:
761:
651:
643:
642:
641:
636:
626:
616:
606:
596:
586:
576:
414:
406:
405:
404:
380:Self-proclaimed
245:
237:
236:
233:
201:
176:Politics series
161:
144:
133:
127:
124:
81:
79:
69:
57:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4430:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4394:
4393:
4376:
4364:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4333:Open Democracy
4320:
4308:
4283:
4252:
4245:
4225:
4218:
4198:
4180:
4159:
4145:
4124:
4098:
4087:on 6 July 2011
4066:
4040:
4022:
4015:
4009:. Tallandier.
3997:
3982:
3963:
3944:
3922:
3908:
3890:
3869:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3824:tandemokratiya
3804:
3778:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3696:By the end of
3694:
3685:
3668:
3657:Roman Republic
3643:
3632:
3615:
3593:
3585:The Gondoliers
3578:
3575:
3550:
3547:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3518:
3505:The temporary
3488:Vladimir Putin
3476:Mohammad Hatta
3455:
3452:
3418:Éminence grise
3416:Main article:
3413:
3410:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3353:
3350:
3335:Vice President
3323:Main article:
3320:
3317:
3297:Main article:
3294:
3291:
3242:
3239:
3227:joint premiers
3205:
3202:
3178:personal union
3155:
3152:
3140:Vladimir Lenin
3094:
3091:
3056:state religion
3025:
3022:
3012:, it became a
3010:Dutch Republic
2962:Main article:
2959:
2956:
2916:
2913:
2895:Ghurid dynasty
2893:Main article:
2890:
2887:
2843:
2840:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2782:Leonti Mroveli
2773:
2770:
2753:) between two
2741:which divided
2739:Roman Republic
2730:Following the
2717:
2716:Roman Republic
2714:
2694:ancient Sparta
2680:Main article:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2634:
2631:
2627:heads of state
2615:First Minister
2598:
2595:
2591:Prime Minister
2552:
2549:
2542:Roman Catholic
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2414:Roman Republic
2410:joint kingship
2375:Roman Republic
2345:Historically,
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2228:Hybrid regimes
2225:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2208:
2203:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:Regional power
2156:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2064:Puppet monarch
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2004:
2003:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1899:
1897:State religion
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1768:Constitutional
1765:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1729:
1727:Power ideology
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1691:(rule by none)
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1543:Representative
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1517:
1516:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1473:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:Related topics
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1102:Traditionalist
1099:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1003:
998:
996:Great Officers
993:
982:
981:
979:Administration
978:
977:
974:
973:
969:
968:
963:
958:
952:
951:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
934:
932:
931:
926:
920:
918:
913:
908:
903:
901:
900:
895:
889:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
865:
864:
859:
853:
851:
849:
848:
843:
837:
835:
833:
832:
827:
821:
819:
814:
812:
811:
806:
800:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
772:
769:
768:
765:
764:
760:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
653:
652:
649:
648:
645:
644:
640:
639:
629:
619:
609:
599:
589:
579:
563:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
485:Crétineau-Joly
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
416:
415:
412:
411:
408:
407:
403:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
376:
375:
365:
360:
355:
350:
348:Personal union
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
303:Dynastic union
300:
299:
298:
288:
283:
278:
273:
271:Constitutional
268:
263:
258:
253:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
234:
232:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
186:
185:
179:
178:
146:
145:
60:
58:
51:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4429:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4389:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4317:
4316:Martin (2009)
4312:
4303:
4299:
4298:
4297:The Telegraph
4293:
4287:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4248:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4215:
4211:
4210:
4202:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4169:
4163:
4155:
4149:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4125:0-8444-0777-1
4121:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4102:
4083:
4076:
4070:
4063:
4050:
4044:
4036:
4032:
4026:
4018:
4012:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3989:
3987:
3978:
3974:
3967:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3940:
3936:
3933:"duumvirate,
3929:
3927:
3918:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3874:
3865:
3861:
3860:combined form
3854:
3850:
3829:тандемократия
3825:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3801:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3759:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:tribal chiefs
3626:
3625:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3515:Lance Barnard
3512:
3511:Gough Whitlam
3508:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3483:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3446:and his wife
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3388:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3279:British India
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3245:Named as the
3238:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3176:diarchies in
3175:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3081:becoming the
3080:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2978:equal footing
2975:
2971:
2965:
2955:
2954:or corulers.
2953:
2949:
2948:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2901:Ghurid Empire
2896:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2832:Sauromaces II
2829:
2825:
2822:According to
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2776:According to
2769:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2589:and (single)
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2351:British India
2348:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:Confederation
2113:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:Unitary state
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1989:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1912:State atheism
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1902:Secular state
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1806:Authoritarian
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:Parliamentary
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1571:(rule by few)
1569:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1357:Regnal number
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:Non-sovereign
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1097:Authoritarian
1095:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1040:Crown Council
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:Privy council
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
984:
983:
976:
975:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
946:
945:
938:
935:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
852:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
820:
818:
815:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
767:
766:
758:
757:Zourabichvili
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
647:
646:
635:
634:
630:
625:
624:
620:
615:
614:
610:
605:
604:
600:
595:
594:
590:
585:
584:
580:
575:
574:
570:
569:
568:
567:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
470:Chateaubriand
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
421:
420:
410:
409:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
374:
371:
370:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
338:Non-sovereign
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
297:
294:
293:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
248:
241:
240:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
204:
203:
197:
196:
192:
188:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
167:
156:
152:
142:
139:
131:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89: –
88:
84:
83:Find sources:
77:
73:
67:
66:
61:This article
59:
55:
50:
49:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4387:
4369:
4358:
4336:, retrieved
4332:
4323:
4311:
4302:the original
4296:
4286:
4269:
4265:
4255:
4235:
4228:
4208:
4201:
4171:. Retrieved
4162:
4148:
4137:. Retrieved
4109:
4101:
4089:. Retrieved
4082:the original
4069:
4060:
4053:. Retrieved
4043:
4034:
4025:
4006:
4000:
3976:
3972:
3966:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3938:
3934:
3911:
3902:
3893:
3885:
3881:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3823:
3807:
3799:
3789:
3781:
3771:
3770:, as in the
3767:
3762:
3697:
3688:
3671:
3646:
3640:Joe Haldeman
3635:
3622:
3583:
3567:queen mother
3552:
3532:
3500:
3479:
3464:filial piety
3457:
3421:
3399:
3391:Informal use
3382:
3355:
3329:Following a
3328:
3302:
3287:
3283:
3244:
3217:
3188:. After the
3171:
3157:
3122:Between the
3121:
3110:
3074:
3037:
3020:until 1794.
2967:
2945:
2938:
2932:
2918:
2898:
2859:
2845:
2821:
2775:
2763:
2729:
2702:Spartan army
2691:
2646:
2600:
2564:
2504:
2501:principality
2495:
2395:
2383:tandemocracy
2382:
2378:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2316:, "ruled"),
2313:
2301:
2286:
2285:
2164:Middle power
2091:Vassal state
2085:Buffer state
2083:
2059:Puppet state
2054:Protectorate
2030:Client state
2020:Principality
1846:Distributism
1788:Presidential
1666:Dictatorship
1590:Gerontocracy
1512:rule by many
1485:
1469:Part of the
1232:Illegitimate
1227:Family trees
1092:Conservatism
1057:Royal assent
841:Liberal Wars
631:
621:
611:
601:
591:
581:
571:
565:
564:
419:Philosophers
418:
417:
358:Principality
280:
174:Part of the
154:
134:
125:
115:
108:
101:
94:
82:
70:Please help
65:verification
62:
3952:"co-ruler,
3793:duumvirātus
3730:Triumvirate
3638:trilogy by
3462:notions of
3396:Bureaucracy
3235:Canada East
3231:Canada West
3087:Druk Gyalpo
3066:, with the
3014:condominium
2990:1278 treaty
2889:Afghanistan
2870:was killed
2836:Mihrdat III
2579:Druk Gyalpo
2442:Inca Empire
2169:Great power
2154:Small power
2096:Viceroyalty
1967:Nationalism
1831:Colonialism
1811:Libertarian
1773:Directorial
1650:rule by one
1630:Technocracy
1625:Stratocracy
1605:Meritocracy
1595:Kleptocracy
1585:Aristocracy
1387:Interregnum
1352:Regnal list
1257:presumptive
1082:Bonapartism
1028:Royal guard
991:Appointment
956:Aristocracy
781:Magna Carta
747:Zhirinovsky
650:Politicians
577:(1265-1266)
505:Kierkegaard
166:Alonso Cano
162: 1641
4401:Categories
4173:31 January
4139:2010-11-02
4055:9 November
3971:"biarchy,
3880:"diarchy,
3840:References
3577:In fiction
3571:Ndlovukati
3535:soft power
3482:Dwitunggal
3444:Queen Mary
3440:matriarchy
3356:After the
3257:made the "
3148:Communists
3146:, whereby
2998:Maastricht
2986:pari passu
2875: 904
2848:Hungarians
2736:oligarchic
2686:See also:
2661:San Marino
2633:San Marino
2587:Parliament
2506:ex officio
2472:Formal use
2462:San Marino
2430:Polynesian
2322:duumvirate
2174:Superpower
2130:Superstate
2125:Federation
2120:Devolution
2106:Federalism
1947:City-state
1620:Plutocracy
1615:Particracy
1479:government
1372:Succession
1244:Figurehead
1195:Coronation
1144:Luxembourg
1124:Legitimism
1119:Jacobitism
682:Metternich
613:Patriarcha
510:Dostoevsky
440:Bellarmine
413:Philosophy
363:Real union
328:Hereditary
214:Monarchism
128:March 2017
98:newspapers
43:dual power
18:Duumvirate
4412:Diarchies
4091:8 October
3899:"Dyarchy"
3845:Citations
3800:duovirate
3742:Decemviri
3736:Tetrarchy
3724:Coregency
3612:high king
3563:Ngwenyama
3468:Indonesia
3460:Confucian
3458:Owing to
3436:George VI
3333:, former
3083:Druk Desi
3068:Wangchuck
2925:shogunate
2856:war-chief
2623:executive
2583:Je Khenpo
2522:Catalonia
2514:president
2458:Catalonia
2402:Tamilakam
2391:coregency
2001:Unitarism
1977:Globalism
1883:Religious
1871:Tribalism
1861:Socialism
1856:Feudalism
1841:Despotism
1836:Communism
1826:Anarchism
1763:Communist
1710:Stateless
1700:Anarchism
1661:Despotism
1645:Autocracy
1635:Theocracy
1600:Kritarchy
1568:Oligarchy
1553:Socialist
1507:Democracy
1392:Rebellion
1377:Anti-king
1362:Sovereign
1313:Pretender
1264:Kingmaker
1200:Criticism
1151:Orléanism
1129:Miguelism
1109:Despotism
1077:Alfonsism
1021:Favourite
1011:Camarilla
1001:Household
966:Oligarchy
961:Autocracy
737:Churchill
603:Leviathan
583:Monarchia
525:Bainville
400:Universal
373:Coregency
343:Pentarchy
266:Composite
87:"Diarchy"
39:coregency
4134:93012226
3718:Monarchy
3707:See also
3673:Avenue 5
3424:Lü Buwei
3249:for the
3220:colonial
3192:deposed
3173:de facto
3164:Scotland
3134:and the
3071:governor
3004:and the
2952:viceroys
2947:de facto
2879:Pannonia
2766:duumviri
2751:imperium
2726:Duumviri
2706:Gerousia
2607:conflict
2569:affirms
2516:and the
2452:and the
2434:Germanic
2422:Carthage
2387:monarchy
2371:duumviri
2363:devolved
2361:, which
2340:corulers
2335:de facto
2330:lawfully
2049:Dominion
1778:Legalist
1758:Absolute
1743:Republic
1738:Monarchy
1610:Noocracy
1580:Anocracy
1533:Economic
1523:Demarchy
1347:Regicide
1291:Nobility
1252:apparent
1156:Royalism
1134:Orangism
1016:Courtier
742:Renouvin
717:Bismarck
712:Castillo
702:Disraeli
692:Polignac
672:Consalvi
573:De Regno
545:Bogdanor
395:Triarchy
390:Tetrarch
385:Signoria
318:Ethnarch
308:Elective
256:Absolute
183:Monarchy
32:Duumviri
4351:Sources
4278:4205172
3821:Russian
3768:dyarchy
3661:Censors
3541:of the
3472:Sukarno
3366:Knesset
3319:Bolivia
3186:Mary II
3168:Ireland
3160:England
3079:Trongsa
2994:Andorra
2970:paréage
2964:Paréage
2939:shōguns
2929:emperor
2919:During
2868:Kurszán
2842:Hungary
2755:consuls
2653:Italian
2536:within
2530:elected
2497:Andorra
2482:Andorra
2446:Andorra
2418:consuls
2379:biarchy
2347:diarchy
2318:duarchy
2314:-arkhía
2287:Diarchy
2191:Related
1886:Secular
1851:Fascism
1688:Anarchy
1678:Tyranny
1538:Liberal
1404:Usurper
1296:Peerage
1274:Current
1222:Descent
1205:Dynasty
1168:Toryism
1139:Belgium
1087:Carlism
1050:Riksråd
1045:Makhzen
1006:Retinue
770:History
732:Metaxas
727:Maurras
697:Decazes
687:Villèle
677:Plessis
662:Pius VI
657:Mazarin
550:Scruton
520:Maurras
475:Novalis
460:Maistre
455:Bossuet
425:Aquinas
368:Regency
353:Popular
333:Khanate
323:Federal
313:Emirate
281:Diarchy
209:Monarch
112:scholar
4276:
4243:
4216:
4132:
4122:
4013:
3905:, 2009
3858:"di-,
3817:calque
3665:Consul
3636:Worlds
3624:Avatar
3604:Gondor
3352:Israel
3265:, the
3204:Canada
3105:, and
3093:Russia
3075:penlop
3064:Bhutan
3060:Kashag
3050:, and
2974:feudal
2972:was a
2934:shōgun
2927:, the
2828:Kartli
2798:Kartli
2772:Kartli
2710:ephors
2676:Sparta
2613:, the
2571:Bhutan
2551:Bhutan
2538:France
2511:French
2509:) the
2460:; and
2438:Dacian
2426:Judges
2412:, the
2406:Sparta
2326:corule
2308:-αρχία
2289:(from
2015:Empire
1927:Global
1558:Others
1548:Social
1528:Direct
1382:Crisis
1335:Empire
1279:Former
1217:Family
949:Polity
707:Cortés
637:(2001)
627:(1796)
617:(1680)
607:(1651)
597:(1576)
587:(1313)
560:Yarvin
515:Youwei
500:Balmes
495:Cortés
480:Balzac
465:Bonald
450:Hobbes
445:Filmer
114:
107:
100:
93:
85:
4384:(PDF)
4338:6 May
4274:JSTOR
4085:(PDF)
4078:(PDF)
3787:Latin
3785:from
3754:Notes
3619:Na'vi
3608:Arnor
3596:Umbar
3305:Samoa
3293:Samoa
3241:India
3077:) of
3040:Tibet
3024:Tibet
2982:Latin
2942:'
2921:Japan
2915:Japan
2883:Árpád
2862:gyula
2852:kende
2747:Latin
2659:) of
2526:Spain
2320:, or
2291:Greek
1932:Local
1367:Style
1340:Reich
1330:Realm
1301:Realm
1248:Heir
1210:Lists
1161:Ultra
986:Court
722:Mella
667:Ruffo
566:Works
555:Hoppe
535:Evola
490:Gogol
435:Bodin
430:Dante
296:Grand
291:Duchy
244:Types
164:) by
119:JSTOR
105:books
4340:2012
4241:ISBN
4214:ISBN
4175:2016
4130:LCCN
4120:ISBN
4093:2010
4057:2019
4011:ISBN
3811:The
3559:King
3553:The
3539:Pope
3513:and
3311:and
3218:The
3212:and
3198:1689
3184:and
3166:and
3085:and
3032:and
2907:and
2899:The
2846:The
2834:and
2792:and
2759:veto
2724:and
2698:veto
2647:The
2641:and
2617:and
2565:The
2559:and
2545:pope
2490:and
2436:and
2381:and
2359:1935
2357:and
2355:1919
1409:list
1325:Rank
1318:List
1173:High
530:Seca
286:Dual
91:news
3977:OED
3975:",
3958:OED
3956:",
3939:OED
3937:",
3886:OED
3884:",
3864:OED
3862:",
3819:of
3813:pun
3687:In
3670:In
3651:by
3588:by
3582:In
3048:6th
3044:5th
2980:" (
2923:'s
2609:in
2532:by
2520:in
2456:in
2424:'s
2416:'s
2408:'s
2400:of
2332:or
2302:di-
2296:δι-
1397:War
74:by
4403::
4386:,
4331:,
4294:,
4270:38
4268:.
4264:.
4183:^
4128:.
4118:.
4059:.
4033:.
3985:^
3973:n.
3954:n.
3935:n.
3925:^
3901:,
3882:n.
3872:^
3832:).
3684:).
3470:,
3450:.
3408:.
3348:.
3281:.
3253:,
3237:.
3162:,
3101:,
3046:,
2984::
2968:A
2872:c.
2838:.
2788:,
2784:,
2780:,
2749::
2712:.
2655::
2629:.
2593:.
2547:.
2524:,
2468:.
2420:,
2404:,
2393:.
2342:.
2312:,
2300:,
159:c.
4392:.
4375:.
4363:.
4343:.
4318:.
4306:.
4280:.
4249:.
4222:.
4177:.
4156:.
4142:.
4095:.
4037:.
4019:.
3995:.
3980:.
3961:.
3942:.
3919:.
3867:.
3826:(
3802:.
3569:(
3561:(
3524:.
3073:(
2858:(
2745:(
2651:(
2275:e
2268:t
2261:v
1652:)
1648:(
1514:)
1510:(
1455:e
1448:t
1441:v
157:(
141:)
135:(
130:)
126:(
116:·
109:·
102:·
95:·
68:.
45:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)