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360:, inserted into the top of the small bore. Unlike the bassoon it normally has a flared bell, sometimes made from a separate piece of timber. This bell can sometimes be muted, the mute being either detachable, or built into the instrument. The outside of the instrument can also be covered in leather, like the
421:
The instrument seems to have been in wide use by the middle of the sixteenth century. A set of instruments in various sizes exist in
Brussels: these have a maker's mark of "Melchor" and are thought to be Spanish. Another well known example is a slightly later instrument in Linz, leather covered and
367:
Although the bass in F is the most common size, the dulcian comes in many other sizes: tenor (in C), alto (in F or G) and soprano (in C). There are also examples of a "quart bass" dulcian in C and contrabass in F. The range of each instrument is two and a half octaves, centred on the range of the
344:, it flourished between 1550 and 1700, but was probably invented earlier. Towards the end of this period it co-existed with, and was then superseded by, the baroque bassoon. It was played in both secular and sacred contexts, throughout northern and western Europe, as well as in the New World.
418:. It has been argued the dulcian displaced the bass shawm, on account of its more convenient size, but it has also been argued that the two co-existed and that the bass shawm appeared at about the same time as the bass dulcian.
430:
1700, which also has a built in mute. Modern copies of the Linz instrument have a smoother sound and reach the high notes more easily, this is even more the case for modern copies of the Denner instrument.
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356:, with the bores being drilled and reamed first, and then the outside planed to shape. The reed is attached to the end of a metal
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443:, and expressive enough to join in with the choir. Its uses would have included playing dance music with the shawms and
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The dulcian is a flexible instrument, capable of being loud enough to play in outdoor bands, quiet enough for
400:. At the time it first appeared, other double reed instruments either had the reed fully enclosed, like the
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of the city watch, chamber music, and the grand polychoral repertoire from Venice and
Germany, such as
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The reed on the dulcian is fully exposed, allowing the player to control the sound and intonation by
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Soprano, G-alto, F-alto, tenor and bass dulcians from the
Brussels collection
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Curtal, Dulcian, Bajón – A History of the
Precursor to the Bassoon
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corresponding singing voice: for example, the bass ranges from C
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with a built-in mute. The latest commonly copied example is by
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Dulcians in
Theatrum Instrumentorum (Michael Praetorius, 1620)
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455:. There are explicit dulcian parts in the sonatas by
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The dulcian is generally made from a single piece of
87:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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186:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
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50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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522:
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235:Learn how and when to remove this message
217:Learn how and when to remove this message
147:Learn how and when to remove this message
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247:Renaissance predecessor of the bassoon
558:and sextuple reeds; does not include
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504:, Maggie Kilbey's comprehensive book
285:. Equivalent terms include English:
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85:adding citations to reliable sources
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31:This article has multiple issues.
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256:Museu de la Música de Barcelona
72:needs additional citations for
39:or discuss these issues on the
340:The predecessor of the modern
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408:, or partially enclosed by a
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277:woodwind instrument, with a
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597:Cor anglais (English horn)
554:(also includes those with
1028:Early musical instruments
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496:Hans Mons' excellent site
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380:(the G above middle C).
172:This article includes a
1023:Double-reed instruments
435:Function and repertoire
201:more precise citations.
510:, many useful articles
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990:American traditional
909:European traditional
475:. Kahn and Averill.
81:improve this article
759:African traditional
582:Piccolo heckelphone
469:Waterhouse, William
372:(two octaves below
676:European classical
632:Semi-contrabassoon
568:European classical
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174:list of references
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785:Asian traditional
494:Dulcian Home Page
449:Giovanni Gabrieli
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481:1-871082-68-4
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441:chamber music
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281:and a folded
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98: –
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92:Find sources:
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70:This article
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59:
58:
53:
51:
44:
43:
38:
37:
32:
27:
18:
17:
900:Zurna/Surnai
745:Rauschpfeife
714:
690:Baroque oboe
678:(historical)
657:Sarrusophone
592:Oboe d'amore
577:Piccolo oboe
500:
472:
438:
420:
409:
395:
366:
351:
348:Construction
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283:conical bore
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193:Please help
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79:Please help
74:verification
71:
47:
40:
34:
33:Please help
30:
890:Taepyeongso
642:Contraforte
607:Heckelphone
547:instruments
545:Double reed
473:The Bassoon
414:, like the
279:double reed
275:Renaissance
199:introducing
1017:Categories
981:Surma-horn
847:Nadaswaram
832:Kèn đám ma
695:Bassanello
463:References
398:embouchure
331:Portuguese
207:April 2021
137:April 2021
107:newspapers
36:improve it
812:Hichiriki
700:Cornamuse
662:Rothphone
602:Bass oboe
556:quadruple
411:pirouette
384:Evolution
96:"Dulcian"
42:talk page
997:Chirimía
971:Tárogató
941:Dulzaina
895:Tangmuri
725:Kortholt
710:Crumhorn
705:Cromorne
667:Tromboon
622:Tenoroon
612:Lupophon
570:(modern)
560:bagpipes
471:(2003).
445:sackbuts
402:crumhorn
374:middle C
319:dulciana
311:dulciaan
303:douçaine
961:Piffero
956:Musette
931:Bombard
926:Birbynė
871:Sundari
867:Shehnai
827:Kèn bầu
807:Gyaling
792:Balaban
766:Algaita
740:Rackett
715:Dulcian
627:Bassoon
406:bagpipe
404:or the
376:), to G
362:cornett
342:bassoon
323:Spanish
315:Italian
295:Dulzian
271:dulcian
195:improve
121:scholar
966:Sopila
951:Gralla
946:Graïle
921:Bifora
880:Sralai
842:Mizmar
837:Kuzhal
771:Rhaita
735:Pommer
479:
424:Denner
335:baixão
329:, and
299:French
291:German
287:curtal
123:
116:
109:
102:
94:
976:Zurna
916:Aulos
885:Suona
875:Sorna
797:Duduk
776:Zukra
750:Shawm
685:Aulos
416:shawm
358:bocal
354:maple
327:bajón
307:Dutch
273:is a
180:, or
128:JSTOR
114:books
862:Piri
852:Ottu
802:Guan
587:Oboe
508:IDRS
477:ISBN
451:and
269:The
100:news
822:Kèn
817:Hne
83:by
1019::
857:Pi
459:.
428:c.
426:,
364:.
337:.
333::
325::
321:,
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144:(
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135:(
125:·
118:·
111:·
104:·
77:.
52:)
48:(
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