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1213:
1676:
189:
1223:
322:
1203:
841:
32:
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571:
432:
67:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
2125:
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2145:
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2211:
2180:
2165:
2443:
1657:
1376:
70:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1672:
2384:
2009:
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2458:
1047:
767:
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963:
717:
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In 1402, Duke
William I Guelders and Jülich died without any legitimate offspring. He was succeeded by his younger brother
194:
1623:
587:. By 1240 his territorial expansion created conflict on the eastern side of his territory with the Archbishop of Cologne
1513:
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2216:
1799:
1617:
1382:
1212:
78:
981:
2428:
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829:
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91:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing German
Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
2226:
1103:
1059:
667:
559:
In the 9th century a certain
Matfried was count of Jülich (pagus Juliacensis). The first mention of a count in the
1728:
728:, who belonged to a younger branch, and who had obtained Berg by virtue of the marriage of one of his ancestors.
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Settlement of
Dortmund between Brandenburg and Palatinate-Neuburg and the conflict of succession in Jülich
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in 1801 officially acknowledged the cession of Jülich to France. In 1815, following the defeat of
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Thereafter Jülich's history became closely intertwined with that of its neighbours: the
Duchies of
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86:
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1314:
1222:
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567:, is Gerhard I, in 1003; his grandson Gerhard III began to call himself Count of Jülich in 1081.
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In the Shadow of "Savage Wolves": Anabaptist Münster and the German
Reformation During the 1530s
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The Lower
Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (red) within the Holy Roman Empire (white) after 1548
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598:(Count from 1278 to 1297) remained a fierce opponent of the Bishopric, supporting Duke
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1472:, anatomist, surgeon, obstetrician and professor, considered the founder of modern
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became
Archbishop of Cologne in 1332. In 1336 Count William received the title of
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1411:, geographer, cosmographer and cartographer, whose parents were originally from
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occupied the Duchy of Jülich (Duché de
Juliers), which became part of the French
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453:
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20:
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and Jülich, known for his military activities and bellicose attitude (1364–1402)
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When the last duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg died without direct heirs in 1609, the
2326:
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1973:
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Theater of the World, or a New Atlas of Maps and
Representations of All Regions
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1560:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 549–550.
1545:
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1167:
666:, however, became entangled in a fierce feud with the Emperor's half-brother
1809:
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1574:(Darmstadt, 1922, reprint Verlag Degener & Co., 1995), Vol. 1, page 14.
1507:
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622:.Gerhard managed to retain his territories after Adolf of Nassau lost the
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1920:
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1324:
1302:
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1159:
1131:
1082:
Several cities and municipalities belonged to the Duchy of Jülich: -
508:
1123:
1083:
720:, who also died without heirs in 1423. The Gelderland estates chose
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and his son William III inherited both duchies, thereby becoming
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1405:, Jesuit priest, historian, dramatist and theologian (1606–1681)
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beyond the Rhine in 1423, and from then on also became known as
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from the 11th to the 18th centuries. The duchy lay west of the
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Edicts of Jülich, Cleves, Berg, Grand Duchy Berg, 1475–1815
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in 1371. William II settled the conflict with the Imperial
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to the west. It had territories on both sides of the river
1572:
Stammtafeln westdeutscher Adelsgeschlechter im Mittelalter
1197:
724:
as duke, while Jülich amalgamated with Berg and passed to
701:, and duchess herself after the death of her half-brother
1504:, general of cavalry in the Thirty Years' War (1591–1652)
697:: Duke William II had married Mary, the daughter of Duke
493:
1498:, violinist, violist, organist and composer (1790–1845)
1395:, military man holding the rank of Lieutenant General,
1385:, military man holding the rank of Lieutenant General,
642:
Gerhard died in 1328. His eldest son succeeded him as
591:, whose troops devastated the city five years later.
2449:
Former states and territories of Rhineland-Palatinate
1635:
Genealogie-Mittelalter Family of the Counts of Jülich
770:
and after the last duke of Palatinate-Neuburg (also
634:, once more against the will of the Cologne bishop.
60:
908:, margrave from 1336, duke from 1356 as William I
626:in 1298, and in 1314 supported the coronation of
2415:
1482:, Jesuit priest, professor, and poet (1591–1635)
1333:, physician, "holy doctor of Moscow" (1780–1853)
1311:, printmaker, draftsman, and painter (1558–1617)
735:inherited Jülich and Berg through marriage with
1488:, farmer and alleged serial killer accused of
1022:
743:. From 1521 Jülich-Berg and Cleves formed the
610:. Walram was succeeded by his younger brother
85:accompanying your translation by providing an
51:Click for important translation instructions.
43:expand this article with text translated from
2439:States and territories disestablished in 1815
1658:
758:, which divided the separate duchies between
19:"Gulik" redirects here. For the surname, see
16:State of the Holy Roman Empire (c. 1003–1794)
128:
987:
862:1003–1029 Gerhard I, Count in the Jülichgau
654:from Emperor Louis IV, and in 1356 Emperor
542:province), its population sharing the same
142:
2444:States and territories established in 1356
1665:
1651:
187:
1397:Minister of War of the Kingdom of Bavaria
1387:Minister of War of the Kingdom of Bavaria
766:. Jülich and Berg fell to Count Palatine
747:in a personal union under Duke John III.
1758:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1448:Superior-General of the Society of Jesus
1231:
1221:
1211:
1201:
839:
569:
1583:
1198:Notable people from the Duchy of Jülich
852:, edited by Willem and Joan Blaeu, 1645
780:Charles Theodore of Palatinate-Sulzbach
718:Reinald IV, Duke of Guelders and Jülich
2416:
868:1081–1128 Gerhard III, Count of Jülich
778:had died without issue in 1742, Count
1646:
1598:
1531:
1510:, physician and occultist (1515–1588)
1257:, painter, father of German sculptor
996:United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
745:United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
521:United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
25:
856:
13:
2459:Former states in the Low Countries
1630:Map of the Duchy of Jülich in 1789
1415:in the Duchy of Jülich (1512–1594)
1383:Nikolaus von Maillot de la Treille
1345:, revolutionary author (1809–1880)
1339:, traveller and writer (1471–1505)
959:, also Duke of Guelders since 1377
754:broke out. It ended with the 1614
526:Its territory lies in present-day
199:Duchy of Jülich highlighted in red
97:{{Translated|de|Herzogtum Jülich}}
14:
2470:
1611:
1588:. The Boydell Press. p. 209.
830:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
816:(after 1822 part of the Prussian
511:. The duchy amalgamated with the
2454:Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire
2434:Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle
1681:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
1674:
1514:William I of Guelders and Jülich
711:William I of Guelders and Jülich
658:raised William V to the rank of
430:
405:
320:
195:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
173:
30:
1243:Rabbi Isaac ben Meir of Duren,
809:, the duchy became part of the
614:who had sided with German king
519:. Later it became part of the
476:) comprised a state within the
1592:
1577:
1564:
1293:Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet
814:Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
484:river and was bordered by the
268:• Gerhard I, first count
95:You may also add the template
1:
1524:
786:) inherited Jülich and Berg.
272:
160:
1437:and maternal grandfather of
1327:community leader (1585–1642)
1035:Electorate of the Palatinate
946:(previously Count of Jülich)
752:War of the Jülich Succession
7:
1446:, Jesuit priest, the tenth
1295:, mathematician (1805–1859)
1265:Gottfried Ludolf Camphausen
1033:, after 1690 also with the
1023:House of Wittelsbach, Dukes
828:, which became part of the
768:Wolfgang William of Neuburg
10:
2475:
2126:Blankenheim and Gerolstein
764:Margraviate of Brandenburg
726:Adolf, Duke of Jülich-Berg
674:, whom he defeated at the
608:Siegfried II of Westerburg
549:
59:Machine translation, like
18:
2335:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
2302:
2251:
2197:
2113:
1908:
1895:
1818:
1770:
1756:
1691:
1584:Vaughan, Richard (2009).
1425:, one of the most famous
1357:, noblewoman, Duchess of
1269:Prime Minister of Prussia
1267:, banker and politician,
1077:
835:
820:), except for the cities
772:Elector of the Palatinate
554:
534:) and in the present-day
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266:
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186:
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45:the corresponding article
2429:History of the Rhineland
1551:"Jülich, Duchy of"
1460:(1000–1065 or 1082/1089)
994:from 1521 a part of the
988:House of La Marck, Dukes
919:1393–1423 in Union with
912:
703:Reginald III of Guelders
668:Wenceslaus of Luxembourg
656:Charles IV of Luxembourg
646:. Gerhard's younger son
637:
338:
310:
2370:Unencircled territories
1557:Encyclopædia Britannica
1470:Carl Caspar von Siebold
1464:Johann Wilhelm Schirmer
1317:, economist (1810–1858)
1315:Hermann Heinrich Gossen
1029:in union with Berg and
699:Reginald II of Guelders
628:Louis IV of Wittelsbach
281:• Raised to duchy
106:For more guidance, see
1764:
1599:Haude, Sigrun (2000).
1331:Friedrich Joseph Haass
1239:
1229:
1219:
1209:
1037:, from 1777 also with
853:
630:at the nearby City of
577:
532:North Rhine-Westphalia
473:
465:
457:
143:
129:
1762:
1620:(Coll. Scotti) online
1466:, painter (1807–1863)
1393:Heinrich von der Mark
1351:, painter (1778–1850)
1235:
1225:
1215:
1205:
843:
589:Konrad von Hochstaden
573:
496:, around its capital
486:Electorate of Cologne
229:Common languages
108:Knowledge:Translation
79:copyright attribution
1603:. Brill. p. 72.
1379:, author (1595–1678)
1355:Maria of Jülich-Berg
1321:Herman op den Graeff
1305:sculptor (1520–1570)
877:1176–1207 William II
871:1128–1142 Gerhard IV
865:1029–1081 Gerhard II
846:Duchy of Jülich-Berg
791:Revolutionary France
741:County of Ravensberg
737:Maria of Jülich-Berg
676:Battle of Baesweiler
620:Albert I of Habsburg
488:to the east and the
2396: /
2349:Circles est. 1512:
2321:Circles est. 1500:
1683:(1500–1806) of the
1419:Jean-François Oeben
1154: •
874:1142–1176 William I
803:Treaty of Lunéville
707:House of Luxembourg
606:against Archbishop
604:Battle of Worringen
304:• United with
291:• United with
2317:
2310:
2306:
2063:Salm-Reifferscheid
1765:
1240:
1230:
1220:
1210:
1190: •
1186: •
1182: •
1178: •
1174: •
1170: •
1166: •
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1150: •
1146: •
1142: •
1138: •
1134: •
1130: •
1126: •
1122: •
1118: •
1114: •
1110: •
1106: •
1102: •
1098: •
1094: •
1090: •
1086: •
1031:Palatinate-Neuburg
854:
776:Charles III Philip
760:Palatinate-Neuburg
733:John III of Cleves
624:Battle of Göllheim
618:against his rival
578:
352:• Annexed by
341:Palatinate-Neuburg
87:interlanguage link
2379:
2378:
2363:Electoral Rhenish
2319:status uncertain
2290:
2247:
2246:
2190:
2106:
2039:
2024:
2001:
1993:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1925:
1882:Nassau-Dillenburg
1868:
1860:
1751:
1743:
1705:
1685:Holy Roman Empire
1409:Gerardus Mercator
1309:Hendrick Goltzius
1299:Statius von Düren
1255:Carl Joseph Begas
1217:Hendrick Goltzius
782:(after 1777 also
600:John I of Brabant
594:William IV's son
478:Holy Roman Empire
446:
445:
442:
441:
438:
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426:Roer (department)
418:
417:
413:Lower Lotharingia
213:Holy Roman Empire
119:
118:
52:
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2408:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2400:50.917°N 6.350°E
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2394:
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2318:
2312:without seat in
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2156:Kerpen-Lommersum
2104:
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2022:
1999:
1991:
1968:
1960:
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1944:
1936:
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1858:
1800:Stavelot–Malmedy
1749:
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1653:
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1643:
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1570:Walther Möller,
1568:
1562:
1561:
1553:
1542:
1502:Johann von Werth
1474:academic surgery
1439:Eugène Delacroix
1431:, author of the
1337:Arnold von Harff
1279:Queen of England
1237:Johann von Werth
1072:Charles Theodore
1048:Wolfgang William
857:Counts of Jülich
756:Treaty of Xanten
722:Arnold of Egmond
490:Duchy of Limburg
474:Duché de Juliers
458:Herzogtum Jülich
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65:Google Translate
50:
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2424:Duchy of Jülich
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1597:
1593:
1586:Philip the Bold
1582:
1578:
1569:
1565:
1543:
1532:
1527:
1454:Saint Irmgardis
1444:Goschwin Nickel
1349:Henriette Jügel
1200:
1116:Mönchengladbach
1080:
1060:John William II
1025:
990:
933:from 1437 with
926:from 1423 with
915:
859:
838:
784:Duke of Bavaria
662:. His son Duke
644:Count William V
640:
616:Adolf of Nassau
612:Count Gerhard V
585:town privileges
575:Nideggen Castle
557:
552:
507:– in the lower
466:Hertogdom Gulik
450:Duchy of Jülich
431:
406:
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356:
343:
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144:Hertogdom Gulik
141:
134:
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125:Duchy of Jülich
115:
114:
113:
96:
90:
53:
35:
31:
24:
21:Gulik (surname)
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1795:Kornelimünster
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1693:Prince-bishops
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1613:
1612:External links
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1576:
1563:
1548:, ed. (1911).
1546:Chisholm, Hugh
1529:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1496:Chrétien Urhan
1493:
1492:(c. 1535–1589)
1483:
1480:Friedrich Spee
1477:
1467:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1416:
1406:
1400:
1390:
1380:
1374:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1296:
1290:
1277:, noblewoman,
1275:Anne of Cleves
1272:
1262:
1259:Reinhold Begas
1252:
1251:(13th century)
1207:Anne of Cleves
1199:
1196:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1066:Charles Philip
1062:
1056:
1054:Philip William
1050:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1017:John William I
1013:
1007:
989:
986:
985:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
953:
947:
914:
911:
910:
909:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
858:
855:
837:
834:
818:Rhine Province
695:County of Mark
639:
636:
565:Lower Lorraine
556:
553:
551:
548:
513:County of Berg
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:
428:
419:
416:
415:
410:
398:
397:
392:
382:
381:
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364:
361:
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351:
348:
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335:• Held by
334:
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249:Historical era
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93:
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40:
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29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2471:
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2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2412:
2409:
2405:50.917; 6.350
2371:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2343:(Lower) Saxon
2340:
2336:
2332:
2331:Upper Rhenish
2328:
2324:
2315:
2314:Imperial Diet
2301:
2295:
2292:
2287:
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2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
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2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1854:
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1848:
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1840:
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1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1772:Prince-abbots
1769:
1761:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
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1710:
1707:
1702:
1699:
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1690:
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1625:
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1602:
1595:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1559:
1558:
1552:
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1537:
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1530:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1434:Bureau du Roi
1430:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1377:Hermann Löher
1375:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:Geilenkirchen
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
983:
979:
977:
973:
971:
967:
965:
961:
958:
954:
952:
948:
945:
941:
940:
939:
937:
936:
930:
929:
923:
922:
907:
903:
901:
897:
895:
891:
889:
885:
883:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
860:
851:
847:
842:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:In 1511 Duke
729:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
677:
673:
669:
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645:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
586:
582:
576:
572:
568:
566:
563:of Jülich in
562:
547:
545:
541:
538:(part of the
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:
500:– the former
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
429:
427:
424:
423:
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404:
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349:
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297:
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288:
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271:
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251:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
231:
227:
224:
221:
217:
214:
210:
207:
203:
197:around 1560,
196:
190:
185:
176:
169:
158:
152:
145:
138:
131:
122:
109:
105:
102:
94:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
58:
56:
55:
48:
46:
41:You can help
37:
28:
27:
22:
2381:
2334:
2320:
2289:(until 1648)
2189:(until 1548)
2105:(until 1548)
2053:Reichenstein
2038:(until 1548)
2023:(until 1664)
2000:(until 1541)
1992:(until 1546)
1989:Manderscheid
1969:(until 1614)
1961:(until 1548)
1953:(until 1548)
1945:(until 1667)
1937:(until 1548)
1924:(until 1719)
1867:(until 1548)
1859:(until 1548)
1846:
1750:(until 1648)
1742:(until 1548)
1704:(until 1678)
1639:
1600:
1594:
1585:
1579:
1571:
1566:
1555:
1508:Johann Weyer
1486:Peter Stumpp
1432:
1426:
1423:cabinetmaker
1361:, mother of
1343:Karl Heinzen
1249:Shaarei Dura
1248:
1247:, author of
1112:Grevenbroich
1092:Münstereifel
1081:
1028:
1026:
993:
991:
932:
925:
918:
916:
849:
788:
749:
730:
715:
680:
641:
602:at the 1288
593:
579:
558:
525:
516:
504:
449:
447:
395:Succeeded by
394:
389:
180:Coat of arms
83:edit summary
74:
42:
2403: /
2359:Upper Saxon
2308:until 1648
2234:Spiegelberg
2207:Delmenhorst
2078:Tecklenburg
1942:East Frisia
1842:East Frisia
1626:, full text
1490:werewolfery
1476:(1736–1807)
1450:(1582–1664)
1403:Jacob Masen
1399:(1782–1865)
1389:(1774–1834)
1373:(1491–1543)
1359:Jülich-Berg
1289:(1515–1557)
1283:fourth wife
1271:(1803–1890)
1261:(1794–1854)
1064:1716–1742
957:William III
882:William III
844:map of the
795:département
774:from 1685)
689:as well as
536:Netherlands
517:Jülich-Berg
390:Preceded by
371:Netherlands
257:Renaissance
253:Middle Ages
193:Map of the
164: 1003
2418:Categories
2355:Burgundian
2339:Franconian
2304:from 1648
2217:Schaumburg
2161:Myllendonk
2146:Hallermund
2073:Schaumburg
2048:Ravensberg
2035:Overijssel
2020:Dillenburg
1921:Bronkhorst
1525:References
1516:, Duke of
1303:terracotta
1287:Henry VIII
1172:Waldfeucht
1156:Wassenberg
1144:Aldenhoven
1096:Euskirchen
1070:1742–1794
1058:1679–1716
1052:1653–1679
1046:1614–1653
1015:1592–1609
1009:1539–1592
1003:1511–1539
982:William IV
980:1475–1511
974:1437–1475
968:1423–1437
962:1402–1423
955:1393–1402
951:William II
949:1362–1393
942:1356–1361
935:Ravensberg
904:1328–1356
898:1297–1328
892:1278–1297
888:William IV
886:1219–1278
880:1207–1219
670:, Duke of
664:William II
581:William IV
544:Limburgish
365:• To
239:Government
2239:Steinfurt
2200:uncertain
2171:Schleiden
2151:Holzappel
2141:Gronsfeld
2114:From 1792
2097:Beilstein
2093:Winneburg
2083:Virneburg
2030:Oldenburg
1950:Groningen
1909:From 1500
1864:Luxemburg
1734:Paderborn
1729:Osnabrück
1428:ébénistes
1325:Mennonite
1160:Heinsberg
1132:Randerath
1011:William V
944:William I
906:William V
900:Gerhard V
678:in 1371.
546:dialect.
530:(part of
509:Rhineland
233:Ripuarian
101:talk page
47:in German
2351:Austrian
2323:Bavarian
2276:Duisburg
2271:Dortmund
2212:Fagnolle
2176:Wickrath
2166:Reckheim
2058:Rietberg
1958:Guelders
1929:Diepholz
1916:Bentheim
1856:Guelders
1828:Arenberg
1518:Guelders
1227:Mercator
1180:Susteren
1152:Monschau
1148:Heimbach
1140:Süchteln
1104:Bergheim
1100:Nideggen
921:Guelders
811:Prussian
807:Napoleon
789:In 1794
762:and the
693:and the
691:Guelders
652:margrave
505:Iuliacum
77:provide
2391:06°21′E
2388:50°55′N
2368:
2327:Swabian
2294:Warburg
2281:Herford
2266:Cologne
2186:Utrecht
2136:Gimborn
2102:Zutphen
2043:Pyrmont
2015:Hadamar
1934:Drenthe
1820:Secular
1790:Herford
1739:Utrecht
1724:Münster
1701:Cambrai
1413:Gangelt
1363:Sibylle
1192:Remagen
1188:Tegelen
1176:Sittard
1164:Gangelt
1136:Brüggen
1128:Linnich
1039:Bavaria
976:Gerhard
964:Reinald
826:Tegelen
822:Sittard
797:of the
672:Brabant
550:History
540:Limburg
528:Germany
367:Prussia
219:Capital
211:of the
99:to the
81:in the
2365:
2286:Verden
2261:Aachen
2253:Cities
2198:Status
2181:Wittem
2121:Anholt
2005:Nassau
1979:Lingen
1897:Counts
1887:Verden
1872:Minden
1847:Jülich
1833:Cleves
1810:Werden
1780:Corvey
1747:Verden
1719:Minden
1709:Corvey
1371:Amalia
1184:Sinzig
1124:Dülken
1120:Dahlen
1108:Kaster
1084:Jülich
1078:Cities
894:Walram
836:Rulers
801:. The
683:Cleves
648:Walram
632:Aachen
596:Walram
555:County
498:Jülich
470:French
454:German
354:France
306:Cleves
223:Jülich
205:Status
147:
137:German
133:
2227:Lippe
2222:Hesse
2131:Gemen
1997:Moers
1984:Lippe
1966:Horne
1901:Lords
1877:Moers
1835:with
1805:Thorn
1785:Essen
1714:Liège
1458:saint
1245:rabbi
1088:Düren
970:Adolf
913:Dukes
848:from
638:Duchy
502:Roman
482:Rhine
462:Dutch
243:Duchy
209:State
166:–1794
151:Dutch
61:DeepL
2095:and
2088:Wied
2068:Sayn
2010:Diez
1974:Hoya
1851:Berg
1837:Mark
1369:and
1367:Anne
1005:John
928:Berg
824:and
799:Roer
687:Berg
685:and
660:duke
448:The
376:1815
369:and
359:1794
346:1614
329:1521
314:Berg
312:and
298:1423
293:Berg
285:1356
275:1003
75:must
73:You
1285:of
713:.
561:gau
494:Rur
63:or
49:.
2420::
2361:,
2357:,
2353:,
2341:,
2337:,
2333:,
2329:,
2325:,
1899:/
1554:.
1533:^
1456:,
1421:,
1365:,
1323:,
1301:,
1281:,
1194:.
1027:–
999:–
992:–
938:—
931:,
924:,
917:—
832:.
523:.
472::
468:;
464::
460:;
456::
273:c.
255:,
161:c.
1849:–
1666:e
1659:t
1652:v
1041:–
452:(
326:→
153:)
149:(
139:)
135:(
110:.
103:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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