2496:
4178:
2520:
2454:
39:
2484:
318:
68:
2416:
51:
2508:
2441:
4079:
2470:
4127:
2428:
4068:
640:
675:, was founded by Benedictine monks from Amalfi and used the duchy's eight-pointed cross as one of its symbols. It is believed that the symbol originated in the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century before being used in Amalfi. When the Knights Hospitaller moved to Malta in the 16th century it became known as the
655:
While the Duchy of Amalfi never regained its independence after 1137, the city of Amalfi was still important to maritime trade for the next 200 years, until 1343, when an earthquake and a storm destroyed most of its harbor. The most important contribution Amalfi made during those 200 years was
602:
After the
Amalfitans broke free of Lombard control they did not return to Neapolitan control but instead stated their independence. After 839 Amalfi was an independent entity and created a strong maritime presence. Amalfi had strong economic ties with both the
581:... la più prospera città di Longobardia, la più nobile, la più illustre per le sue condizioni, la più agiata ed opulenta. Il territorio di Amalfi confina con quello di Napoli; la quale è bella città, ma meno importante di Amalfi.
586:... the most prosperous Lombard city, the most noble, the most illustrious for its conditions, the most wealthy and opulent. The territory of Amalfi borders that of Naples; a beautiful city, but less important than Amalfi.
399:
During the 10th and 11th centuries Amalfi was estimated to have a population of 50,000–70,000 people. It rose to become an economic powerhouse, a commercial center whose merchants dominated
627:. During the 10th and 11th centuries Amalfi was dominating trade and commerce with North Africa and the Levant, and one of the major exports from Amalfi during the Middle Ages was the
1125:
67:
2543:
293:
664:
converted the compass from a needle floating in water to what we use today, a round box with a compass card that rotates 360 degrees attached to a magnetic element.
532:
4500:
552:"duke of the Amalfitans". In 1096, Amalfi revolted, but this was put down in 1101. It revolted again in 1130 and was finally subdued in 1131, when the
1118:
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121:
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3170:
3801:
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1111:
4520:
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499:. However the combined forces of Amalfi and the Naples were driven back by the Arabs and their allies, the Italian city state of
4093:
3371:
1476:
451:
The city of Amalfi was founded as a trading post in 339. Its first bishop was appointed in 596. In 838, the city was captured by
2583:
4411:
4235:
4049:
3212:
3846:
3121:
2929:
1778:
1496:
1054:
Ecologies and economies in medieval and early modern Europe : studies in environmental history for
Richard C. Hoffmann
495:. In 903 the Amalfitans joined forces with Naples to attack the Arabs that had established themselves on the banks of the
3175:
3038:
2291:
2034:
1982:
507:
to fight against the Arabs. This was most likely due to the fact that since 909 Amalfi had been heavily trading with the
4115:
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3106:
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2700:
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1844:
1028:
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857:
830:
748:
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1134:
455:
with help from traitors within the city, who led him in through the waterward defenses. Many of the
Amalfitans in
50:
4505:
3622:
3534:
3381:
3376:
3207:
3075:
2548:
2303:
56:
38:
479:. In 897, the self-governing republic, still nominally tied to the Byzantine Empire, was defeated in a war with
4495:
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4352:
3570:
3158:
2635:
2279:
2183:
2127:
1285:
956:
918:
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3821:
3652:
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3070:
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2168:
2102:
1901:
1633:
1556:
1407:
381:
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3580:
3519:
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728:
4510:
4475:
4272:
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3924:
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2619:
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2297:
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1940:
1427:
4267:
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3979:
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3427:
3334:
3307:
3242:
3116:
2650:
2576:
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2237:
2188:
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1608:
1593:
1456:
849:
822:
740:
179:
4177:
4530:
4009:
3775:
3698:
3662:
2680:
2645:
2640:
2355:
1638:
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4388:
4368:
4024:
4014:
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3964:
3919:
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3391:
3361:
3341:
3222:
2898:
2863:
2660:
2261:
1613:
1466:
1402:
72:
Italy, and the Duchy of Amalfi (a small state in bright yellow), at the close of the tenth century.
4123:
374:
during the 10th and 11th centuries. The city and its territory were originally part of the larger
4470:
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4307:
3904:
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3524:
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3285:
3184:
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2919:
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2024:
1916:
1878:
1373:
1303:
553:
528:
125:
1085:
4108:
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3590:
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3351:
3043:
2685:
2309:
2255:
2203:
2193:
2029:
1972:
1643:
985:
Conflict, commerce, and an aesthetic of appropriation in the
Italian maritime cities, 1000-1150
4460:
4373:
4347:
4302:
4209:
4186:
4152:
3909:
3836:
3816:
3730:
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2821:
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2273:
2117:
2069:
2055:
1883:
1623:
1536:
1486:
1165:
1148:
615:
during the 10th and 11th centuries. Amalfitans also created Latin
Christian outposts in the
539:
512:
164:
590:
The title "Duke of Amalfi" was revived in the later 14th century as a title used within the
4455:
4337:
4147:
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3442:
3096:
2994:
2878:
2746:
2321:
2198:
2137:
2122:
2045:
2009:
1965:
1955:
1733:
1705:
1511:
1355:
1253:
1197:
504:
488:
407:
trade in the ninth and tenth centuries, before being surpassed and superseded by the other
376:
8:
4167:
4157:
4044:
4034:
3989:
3755:
3720:
3715:
3432:
3053:
2989:
2909:
2343:
2074:
1977:
1960:
1950:
1805:
1728:
1551:
1546:
1481:
1381:
1291:
867:
778:
758:
668:
516:
476:
452:
107:
799:
4297:
4219:
4139:
4019:
4004:
3984:
3841:
3782:
3735:
3657:
3514:
3484:
3474:
3449:
3422:
3329:
3322:
3258:
3014:
3009:
2726:
2525:
2500:
2459:
2402:
2267:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2132:
2097:
2092:
2050:
2014:
1873:
1768:
1690:
1663:
1603:
1506:
1491:
1329:
1309:
716:
702:
471:
participated in these early prefectural elections. Subsequently, Amalfi helped to free
432:
424:
408:
4399:
4378:
4317:
4257:
4101:
3969:
3959:
3831:
3745:
3710:
3637:
3627:
3405:
3275:
3189:
3019:
2999:
2973:
2961:
2756:
2751:
2736:
2731:
2716:
2433:
2112:
2107:
2040:
1999:
1993:
1834:
1753:
1748:
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1738:
1541:
1521:
1471:
1461:
1442:
1067:
1057:
1034:
1024:
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988:
962:
952:
924:
914:
853:
826:
744:
608:
591:
572:
557:
508:
480:
436:
428:
311:
135:
117:
907:
4383:
4327:
4039:
3861:
3811:
3792:
3787:
3740:
3647:
3585:
3565:
3553:
3509:
3312:
3292:
3280:
3143:
3024:
2741:
2604:
2596:
2512:
2446:
2329:
1911:
1906:
1829:
1763:
1758:
1628:
1598:
1566:
1422:
1367:
1346:
1324:
1103:
1016:
604:
511:
and did not want to jeopardize relations with this powerful trade partner. In 958,
420:
385:
219:
3111:
871:
4292:
4224:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3826:
3750:
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3131:
2914:
2814:
2721:
1852:
1820:
1815:
1658:
1618:
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1531:
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1501:
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1417:
1334:
1314:
1187:
692:
648:
543:
484:
298:
1710:
4229:
4082:
4029:
3999:
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1800:
1673:
1668:
1653:
1648:
1583:
1578:
1561:
1526:
1319:
1297:
1241:
1180:
949:
Family power in southern Italy: the duchy of Gaeta and its neighbours, 850–1139
733:
Family Power in
Southern Italy: The Duchy of Gaeta and Its Neighbours, 850-1139
612:
412:
367:
349:
260:
145:
103:
99:
1002:
4444:
4426:
4413:
4277:
3954:
3595:
3165:
2853:
2831:
2690:
2019:
1857:
1361:
1235:
1207:
1071:
1038:
805:
676:
416:
400:
966:
928:
4282:
4194:
4072:
3879:
3684:
3454:
3058:
2924:
2873:
2848:
1392:
1247:
1227:
697:
661:
564:. In 1135 and 1137, Pisa sacked the city and the glory of Amalfi was past.
524:
393:
4287:
3974:
3914:
3884:
3237:
2868:
1945:
1810:
487:, in which her prefect was captured, later ransomed. In 914, the prefect
196:
3232:
2841:
568:
496:
2469:
1015:
2371:
1212:
909:
The riddle of the compass : the invention that changed the world
620:
4131:
4126:
3889:
3874:
3869:
3770:
2804:
2799:
1930:
1412:
1217:
1160:
672:
628:
472:
460:
362:
4214:
4204:
4199:
2836:
2561:
1192:
1153:
790:
770:
671:, a Catholic military order that was active during and after the
657:
624:
464:
456:
16:
Independent state centered on the
Southern Italian city of Amalfi
264:
3529:
1700:
845:
818:
786:
766:
736:
616:
468:
371:
89:
2809:
2592:
1678:
1202:
1175:
877:
561:
500:
492:
404:
336:
138:
459:
sacked that city and left. In 839, Amalfi freed itself from
3317:
2794:
1170:
611:. The Amalfitans had a permanent and important presence in
639:
873:
Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile
801:
Roger of Sicily and the
Normans in Lower Italy, 1016-1154
520:
389:
1133:
634:
439:. In 1073, Amalfi lost its independence, falling to
3076:
Austrian occupation and
Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
1051:
1019:; Drell, Joanna H.; Andrews, Frances, eds. (2009).
1023:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
906:
619:around 1040 and hostels for Christian pilgrims in
842:Roger II of Sicily: a ruler between East and West
4442:
538:From 1034, Amalfi came under the control of the
2319:
560:blockaded the town by sea and set up a base on
4501:States and territories established in the 950s
656:probably the perfection of the modern-day box
4109:
2577:
2387:
1119:
579:
1522:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
571:, writing in 977 during the great reign of
547:
443:invasion and subsequently to Pisa in 1137.
4116:
4102:
2584:
2570:
2539:Regatta of the Historical Marine Republics
2394:
2380:
1126:
1112:
1021:Medieval Italy : texts in translation
66:
951:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
866:
638:
542:and, in 1039, that of Salerno. In 1073,
4526:11th-century disestablishments in Italy
1477:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
982:
946:
777:
757:
727:
723:. Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana.
4443:
2401:
839:
812:
797:
546:conquered the city and took the title
4097:
2565:
2375:
1107:
904:
715:
535:was raised to archiepiscopal status.
527:). From 981 to 983, Amalfi ruled the
4516:10th-century establishments in Italy
3122:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
978:
976:
942:
940:
938:
913:(1st ed.). New York: Harcourt.
900:
898:
896:
721:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
1088:. Sovereign Military Order of Malta
763:The Normans in the South, 1016-1130
13:
2591:
783:The Normans in the South 1016-1130
366:independent state centered on the
14:
4542:
4521:1070s disestablishments in Europe
4486:Norman conquest of southern Italy
2286:United Provinces of Central Italy
1052:Bruce, Scott Gordon, ed. (2010).
973:
935:
893:
681:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
679:, and is still used today by the
635:The legacy of the Duchy of Amalfi
503:. In 915 Amalfi did not join the
4176:
4125:
4078:
4077:
4066:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2482:
2468:
2452:
2439:
2426:
2414:
1135:List of historic states of Italy
316:
291:
49:
37:
3807:Orders, decorations, and medals
2268:Provisional Government of Milan
708:
384:, but it extracted itself from
4353:List of presidents of Campania
1467:City of Fiume and its District
1078:
1045:
1009:
880:: Librairie A. Picard et fils.
556:marched on Amalfi by land and
388:vassalage and first elected a
1:
1902:County of Apulia and Calabria
1408:Campagna e Marittima Province
886:
597:
4323:Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
815:The Norman kingdom of Sicily
7:
3847:Water supply and sanitation
3271:Italian geographical region
3139:Monarchy and the World Wars
3081:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2967:War of the Sicilian Vespers
2620:Timeline of Italian history
2304:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
2298:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2250:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1428:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
686:
10:
4547:
4236:Cities, towns and villages
3766:Inventions and discoveries
3176:Fall of the Fascist regime
3159:Fourth War of Independence
3117:Expedition of the Thousand
3107:Second War of Independence
2244:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
2238:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
1639:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
1609:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
1594:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
983:Mathews, Karen R. (2018).
947:Skinner, Patricia (1995).
850:Cambridge University Press
823:Cambridge University Press
741:Cambridge University Press
446:
4397:
4361:
4336:
4250:
4185:
4174:
4138:
4062:
3860:
3706:
3697:
3561:
3552:
3540:Security and intelligence
3413:
3404:
3266:
3257:
3200:
3127:Third War of Independence
3102:First War of Independence
3089:
2982:
2891:
2772:
2709:
2628:
2612:
2603:
2534:
2477:
2466:
2409:
2356:Free Territory of Trieste
2216:
2146:
2085:
2068:
1992:
1929:
1892:
1874:Principality of Benevento
1866:
1843:
1788:
1777:
1719:
1689:
1441:
1391:
1345:
1276:
1263:
1226:
1141:
1086:"The eight-pointed cross"
660:. Between 1295 and 1302,
463:domination and elected a
332:
270:
256:
252:
242:
238:
233:
229:
216:
206:
202:
192:
188:
173:
158:
154:
144:
131:
113:
95:
85:
77:
65:
33:
28:
21:
3218:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
3213:Institutional referendum
2544:Coat of Arms of the Navy
2262:Italian United Provinces
1614:Principality of Piombino
1403:Patrimony of Saint Peter
1017:Jansen, Katherine Ludwig
813:Donald, Matthew (1992).
4308:Principality of Salerno
3741:Emigration and diaspora
2950:Guelphs and Ghibellines
2935:the Sardinian Judicates
2350:Italian Social Republic
2025:Principality of Taranto
1917:Principality of Taranto
1879:Principality of Salerno
1634:Bishopric of Tarantasia
1457:Bishopric of Bressanone
1374:Duchy of the Pentapolis
905:Aczel, Amir D. (2001).
840:Houben, Hubert (2002).
798:Curtis, Edmund (1912).
575:, described Amalfi as:
529:Principality of Salerno
126:Eastern Orthodox Church
4506:1073 disestablishments
3623:Science and technology
3571:Italian regions by GDP
3372:Marine protected areas
3044:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2256:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2030:Terra Sancti Benedicti
1934:(from the 9th century)
1644:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
808:: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
652:
588:
580:
548:
353:
4496:11th century in Italy
4491:10th century in Italy
4348:Elections in Campania
4303:Principality of Capua
3822:Public administration
2930:the Holy Roman Empire
2274:Republic of San Marco
2056:Crown Colony of Malta
1884:Principality of Capua
1624:Marquisate of Saluzzo
1487:County of Santa Fiora
1149:Etruscan civilization
642:
577:
540:Principality of Capua
515:was assassinated and
475:to oppose the ruling
96:Common languages
4220:Sorrentine Peninsula
4050:World Heritage Sites
3505:Council of Ministers
3243:Coronavirus pandemic
2641:Currency and coinage
2070:French Revolutionary
2010:State of the Presidi
1734:Republic of Florence
1706:Domini di Terraferma
1356:Exarchate of Ravenna
1254:Western Roman Empire
1198:Nuragic civilization
868:Chalandon, Ferdinand
779:Norwich, John Julius
759:Norwich, John Julius
505:Battle of Garigliano
491:was appointed first
377:ducatus Neapolitanus
354:Ducatus Amalphitanus
208:• Duke elected
4481:History of Campania
4423: /
3581:Automotive industry
3520:Metropolitan cities
3066:Early Modern period
3039:Kingdom of Sardinia
2990:Italian city-states
2344:Free State of Fiume
2292:Kingdom of Sardinia
2035:Neapolitan Republic
1983:Kingdom of Sardinia
1978:Republic of Sassari
1806:Catepanate of Italy
1729:Republic of Cospaia
1552:Duchy of Montferrat
1547:March of Montferrat
1482:County of Guastalla
1382:Exarchate of Africa
717:Pavan, Massimiliano
669:Knights Hospitaller
567:The Arab traveller
533:Amalfitan bishopric
477:Prince of Benevento
453:Sicard of Benevento
175:• 1096–c.1100
4511:958 establishments
4476:Maritime republics
4298:Duchy of Benevento
3643:Telecommunications
3010:Maritime republics
2526:Republic of Ragusa
2501:Republic of Ancona
2460:Republic of Venice
2403:Maritime republics
2174:Lucca and Piombino
2051:Malta Protectorate
2015:Duke of San Donato
1769:Republic of Ancona
1691:Republic of Venice
1604:Duchy of Mirandola
1492:Duchy of Guastalla
1330:Duchy of Tridentum
1310:Duchy of Benevento
1277:Barbarian kingdoms
703:Maritime republics
653:
519:was elected first
409:maritime republics
358:Republic of Amalfi
4427:40.633°N 14.600°E
4406:
4405:
4318:Duchy of Sorrento
4258:Kingdom of Naples
4091:
4090:
4058:
4057:
3693:
3692:
3628:Southern question
3548:
3547:
3480:Political parties
3428:Foreign relations
3400:
3399:
3253:
3252:
2974:Kingdom of Naples
2962:Kingdom of Sicily
2559:
2558:
2434:Republic of Genoa
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2212:
2211:
2179:Massa and Carrara
2064:
2063:
2041:Hospitaller Malta
2000:Kingdom of Naples
1994:Kingdom of Sicily
1925:
1924:
1835:Duchy of Sorrento
1754:Republic of Genoa
1749:Republic of Siena
1744:Republic of Massa
1739:Republic of Lucca
1472:County of Gorizia
1462:Corsican Republic
1443:Holy Roman Empire
1056:. Boston: Brill.
987:. Leiden: Brill.
729:Skinner, Patricia
609:Fatimid Caliphate
592:Kingdom of Naples
558:George of Antioch
549:dux Amalfitanorum
509:Fatimid Caliphate
342:
341:
328:
327:
324:
323:
312:Kingdom of Sicily
304:
303:
218:• Sacked by
118:Roman Catholicism
81:Independent state
4538:
4531:Former republics
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4328:Ancient Campania
4242:List of communes
4180:
4130:
4129:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4095:
4094:
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4073:Italy portal
4070:
4069:
4010:National symbols
3704:
3703:
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3558:
3411:
3410:
3264:
3263:
3144:Kingdom of Italy
3071:Napoleonic Italy
2610:
2609:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2552:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2513:Republic of Noli
2511:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2472:
2458:
2456:
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2447:Republic of Pisa
2445:
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2442:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2373:
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2330:Kingdom of Italy
2317:
2316:
2083:
2082:
1912:County of Sicily
1907:County of Aversa
1830:Byzantine Sicily
1816:Theme of Lucania
1786:
1785:
1764:Republic of Pisa
1759:Republic of Noli
1629:Duchy of Spoleto
1599:Duchy of Merania
1497:Kingdom of Italy
1423:Duchy of Ferrara
1368:Duchy of Perugia
1347:Byzantine Empire
1325:Duchy of Spoleto
1292:Ostrogothic rule
1274:
1273:
1142:Pre-Roman period
1128:
1121:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1082:
1076:
1075:
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1043:
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1006:
980:
971:
970:
944:
933:
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902:
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863:
836:
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794:
774:
754:
724:
605:Byzantine Empire
583:
551:
497:Garigliano river
380:, governed by a
368:Southern Italian
320:
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308:
307:
295:
294:
288:
287:
272:
271:
184:
180:Marinus Sebastus
169:
70:
53:
41:
19:
18:
4546:
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4451:Duchy of Amalfi
4441:
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4417:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4409:
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4313:Duchy of Amalfi
4293:Duchy of Naples
4288:Italia province
4246:
4225:Terra di Lavoro
4181:
4172:
4134:
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4092:
4087:
4067:
4054:
4025:Public holidays
3856:
3802:Life expectancy
3689:
3544:
3460:Law enforcement
3396:
3249:
3196:
3185:Social Republic
3149:Colonial Empire
3132:Capture of Rome
3085:
2978:
2887:
2780:Ancient peoples
2768:
2705:
2666:Historic states
2624:
2599:
2590:
2560:
2555:
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2530:
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2421:Duchy of Amalfi
2415:
2413:
2405:
2400:
2370:
2361:
2315:
2218:
2217:Post-Napoleonic
2208:
2142:
2078:
2072:
2060:
2002:
1998:
1997:(1130–1816) and
1996:
1988:
1933:
1921:
1888:
1862:
1853:Emirate of Bari
1839:
1826:Theme of Sicily
1821:Duchy of Naples
1796:Duchy of Amalfi
1781:
1773:
1721:
1720:Other Republics
1715:
1693:
1685:
1679:County of Tenda
1659:County of Savoy
1619:Duchy of Reggio
1589:Duchy of Mantua
1517:March of Friuli
1449:
1447:
1445:
1437:
1433:Duchy of Urbino
1418:Duchy of Castro
1395:
1387:
1341:
1335:Duchy of Tuscia
1315:Duchy of Friuli
1278:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1238:(753 BC–509 BC)
1222:
1137:
1132:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1064:
1050:
1046:
1031:
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995:
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974:
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889:
884:
860:
833:
751:
711:
693:Dukes of Amalfi
689:
649:Alfonso Balzico
637:
600:
544:Robert Guiscard
483:, supported by
449:
346:Duchy of Amalfi
317:
299:Duchy of Naples
292:
263:
245:
222:
209:
182:
176:
167:
161:
160:• 957–958
73:
61:
60:
59:
54:
46:
45:
42:
24:
23:Duchy of Amalfi
17:
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5:
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4471:Former duchies
4468:
4466:Italian states
4463:
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4432:40.633; 14.600
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3633:Stock exchange
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3408:
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3379:
3377:National parks
3374:
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3046:
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3017:
3007:
3002:
2997:
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2957:Lombard League
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2871:
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2864:Roman conquest
2861:
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2839:
2834:
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2824:
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2812:
2807:
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2797:
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2785:Italic peoples
2776:
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2638:
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2623:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2515:
2503:
2491:
2489:Duchy of Gaeta
2478:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2449:
2436:
2423:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
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2353:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2336:Italian Empire
2326:
2324:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2280:Roman Republic
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2232:Duchy of Lucca
2229:
2226:Duchy of Genoa
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2080:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1937:
1935:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:Duchy of Gaeta
1798:
1792:
1790:
1783:
1779:Southern Italy
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1722:(c. 1000–1797)
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1674:County of Nice
1671:
1669:Duchy of Aosta
1666:
1661:
1656:
1649:Savoyard state
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1584:Duchy of Milan
1581:
1579:Duchy of Ivrea
1576:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1352:
1350:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1320:Duchy of Ivrea
1317:
1312:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1286:Odoacer's rule
1282:
1280:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1250:(27 BC–395 AD)
1245:
1244:(509 BC–27 BC)
1242:Roman Republic
1239:
1232:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1181:Cisalpine Gaul
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1099:
1077:
1062:
1044:
1030:978-0812206067
1029:
1008:
993:
972:
957:
934:
919:
891:
890:
888:
885:
883:
882:
864:
858:
837:
831:
810:
795:
775:
755:
749:
725:
712:
710:
707:
706:
705:
700:
695:
688:
685:
636:
633:
613:Constantinople
599:
596:
531:. In 987, the
448:
445:
340:
339:
334:
330:
329:
326:
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322:
321:
314:
305:
302:
301:
296:
284:
283:
278:
268:
267:
258:
254:
253:
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249:
246:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
199:
194:
193:Historical era
190:
189:
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185:
177:
174:
171:
170:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
148:
142:
141:
133:
129:
128:
115:
111:
110:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
63:
62:
55:
48:
47:
43:
36:
35:
34:
31:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4543:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4439:
4436:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
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4335:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:Magna Graecia
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4179:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4084:
4076:
4074:
4065:
4064:
4061:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
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3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Years of Lead
3226:
3224:
3223:Economic Boom
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Fascist Italy
3164:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:Niçard exodus
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2832:Magna Graecia
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2527:
2516:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2461:
2450:
2448:
2437:
2435:
2424:
2422:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2215:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:Duchy of Sora
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1858:Muslim Sicily
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:Duchy of Rome
1360:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1236:Roman Kingdom
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Magna Graecia
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1087:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1063:9789047444572
1059:
1055:
1048:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1004:
1000:
996:
994:9789004335653
990:
986:
979:
977:
968:
964:
960:
954:
950:
943:
941:
939:
930:
926:
922:
916:
911:
910:
901:
899:
897:
892:
879:
876:(in French).
875:
874:
869:
865:
861:
859:0-521-65573-0
855:
851:
847:
843:
838:
834:
832:0-521-26911-3
828:
824:
820:
816:
811:
807:
803:
802:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
750:0-521-52205-6
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
713:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
690:
684:
682:
678:
677:Maltese cross
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
650:
647:in Amalfi by
646:
641:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
595:
593:
587:
584:
582:
576:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
550:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:Mediterranean
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:
373:
369:
365:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
338:
335:
333:Today part of
331:
315:
313:
310:
309:
306:
300:
297:
290:
289:
286:
285:
282:
279:
277:
274:
273:
269:
266:
262:
259:
255:
251:
247:
241:
237:
232:
228:
224:
221:
215:
211:
205:
201:
198:
195:
191:
187:
181:
178:
172:
166:
163:
157:
153:
149:
147:
143:
140:
137:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
69:
64:
58:
52:
40:
32:
27:
20:
4461:Amalfi Coast
4408:
4389:Coat of arms
4369:Demographics
4338:Politics and
4312:
4283:Samnite Wars
4273:Two Sicilies
4234:
4195:Amalfi Coast
3910:Architecture
3880:Quattrocento
3837:Social class
3817:Prostitution
3731:Demographics
3653:Trade unions
3596:Central Bank
3438:Human rights
3418:Constitution
3201:Contemporary
3171:World War II
3059:Italian Wars
3029:
2983:Early modern
2925:Papal States
2903:Italy under
2849:Ancient Rome
2420:
2332:(1861–1946)
2310:Papal States
2138:Transpadania
1795:
1711:Stato da Màr
1393:Papal States
1304:Lombard rule
1268:Early Modern
1256:(395–476 AD)
1248:Roman Empire
1228:Ancient Rome
1090:. Retrieved
1080:
1053:
1047:
1020:
1011:
984:
948:
908:
872:
841:
814:
800:
782:
762:
732:
720:
709:Bibliography
698:Amalfi Coast
666:
662:Flavio Gioia
654:
645:Flavio Gioia
644:
601:
589:
585:
578:
566:
537:
450:
398:
375:
361:
357:
345:
343:
281:Succeeded by
280:
275:
244:• 1131
57:Coat of arms
4456:City-states
4430: /
3975:Italophilia
3935:Coat of arm
3885:Cinquecento
3761:Immigration
3711:Aristocracy
3576:Agriculture
3470:Nationality
3443:LGBT rights
3357:Earthquakes
3238:Mani pulite
3154:World War I
3097:Unification
3090:Late modern
3054:Renaissance
2899:Middle Ages
2892:Middle Ages
2869:Roman Italy
2636:Citizenship
2547: [
2358:(1947–1954)
2352:(1943–1945)
2346:(1920–1924)
2338:(1882–1960)
2322:unification
2312:(1814–1870)
2306:(1815–1866)
2300:(1816–1861)
2294:(1814–1860)
2288:(1859–1860)
2282:(1849–1850)
2276:(1848–1849)
2258:(1815–1859)
2252:(1814–1859)
2246:(1814–1859)
2240:(1814–1829)
2234:(1815–1847)
2228:(1815–1848)
2118:Parthenopea
2079:(1792–1815)
2037:(1647–1648)
2003:(1282–1816)
1985:(1324–1861)
1946:Agugliastra
1811:Longobardia
1448:independent
1298:Vandal rule
643:Statute of
513:Mastalus II
396:) in 958.
276:Preceded by
197:Middle Ages
165:Mastalus II
4445:Categories
4400:Categories
4340:government
4045:Traditions
4035:Television
4020:Philosophy
3985:Literature
3925:Cathedrals
3895:Settecento
3756:Healthcare
3721:Corruption
3716:Censorship
3475:Parliament
3433:Government
3233:Maxi Trial
3181:Resistance
2910:Ostrogoths
2842:Messapians
2727:Villanovan
2717:Prehistory
2710:Prehistory
2189:Pontecorvo
2147:Monarchies
2133:Subalpinia
2098:Cispadania
2093:Cisalpinia
2075:Napoleonic
1782:(774–1139)
1694:(697–1797)
1396:(754–1870)
1358:(584–751)
1306:(568–774)
1003:1007067413
958:052146479X
920:0151005060
887:References
598:Importance
569:Ibn Hawqal
489:Mastalus I
234:Population
132:Government
108:Neapolitan
4374:Geography
4153:Benevento
4140:Provinces
4005:Mythology
3980:Libraries
3900:Ottocento
3842:Terrorism
3783:Languages
3736:Education
3658:Transport
3608:Companies
3515:Provinces
3485:President
3450:Judiciary
3423:Elections
3335:Volcanoes
3330:Volcanism
3323:Apennines
3308:Mountains
3276:Peninsula
3259:Geography
3190:Civil War
2915:Byzantium
2822:Etruscans
2757:Canegrate
2752:Golasecca
2737:Rinaldone
2732:Terramare
2722:Neolithic
2164:Guastalla
2154:Benevento
2086:Republics
1941:Judicates
1789:Byzantine
1446:and other
1384:(585–698)
1376:(554–752)
1370:(554–752)
1364:(533–751)
1349:(584–751)
1300:(435–534)
1294:(493–553)
1288:(476–493)
1279:(476–774)
1213:Iapygians
1072:671307987
1039:828621064
621:Jerusalem
554:Emir John
517:Sergius I
467:. Nearby
413:the North
386:Byzantine
382:patrician
356:) or the
114:Religion
4268:Viceroys
4263:Monarchs
4148:Avellino
4132:Campania
4083:Category
3970:Internet
3960:Folklore
3890:Seicento
3875:Trecento
3870:Duecento
3832:Religion
3793:Regional
3771:Italians
3746:Gambling
3638:Taxation
3465:Military
3406:Politics
3208:Republic
2995:Florence
2920:Lombards
2859:Republic
2805:Samnites
2800:Picentes
2742:Apennine
2701:Railways
2681:Military
2629:By topic
2613:Overview
2597:articles
2123:Piedmont
1973:Oristano
1966:Logudoro
1956:Cagliari
1931:Sardinia
1664:Piedmont
1413:Holy See
1264:Medieval
1218:Picentes
1161:Samnites
967:30112695
929:45102891
870:(1907).
806:New York
781:(1970).
761:(1967).
731:(1995).
719:(1960).
687:See also
673:Crusades
629:chestnut
607:and the
481:Sorrento
473:Siconulf
415:and the
370:city of
363:de facto
257:Currency
136:Elective
29:958–1137
4418:14°36′E
4415:40°38′N
4362:Culture
4251:History
4215:Samnium
4210:Islands
4205:Irpinia
4200:Cilento
4168:Salerno
4158:Caserta
4040:Theatre
4015:Palaces
3995:Museums
3965:Gardens
3950:Fashion
3940:Cuisine
3920:Castles
3862:Culture
3812:Poverty
3788:Italian
3699:Society
3680:Welfare
3648:Tourism
3618:Exports
3586:Banking
3566:Economy
3554:Economy
3510:Regions
3392:Valleys
3362:Islands
3342:Beaches
3313:Prealps
3293:Geology
3281:Climate
2945:Normans
2905:Odoacer
2854:Kingdom
2837:Ligures
2773:Ancient
2747:Nuragic
2696:Postage
2671:Judaism
2661:Genetic
2651:Fashion
2646:Economy
2605:History
2204:Corsica
2194:Tuscany
2159:Etruria
2108:Liguria
1961:Gallura
1951:Arborea
1867:Lombard
1567:Tuscany
1557:Trieste
1193:Ligures
1154:Etruria
1092:14 June
791:Longman
771:Longman
658:compass
625:Antioch
573:Manso I
465:prefect
461:Lombard
457:Salerno
447:History
405:Italian
261:Solidus
168:(first)
122:Judaism
86:Capital
4187:Places
4163:Naples
4071:
3945:Design
3930:Cinema
3905:Anthem
3827:Racism
3776:People
3751:Health
3613:Energy
3603:Brands
3530:Comune
3525:Cities
3387:Rivers
3347:Canals
3030:Amalfi
3015:Venice
2874:Empire
2815:Veneti
2790:Latins
2762:Latial
2595:
2523:
2457:
2444:
2431:
2270:(1848)
2264:(1831)
2219:states
2184:Naples
1894:Norman
1701:Dogado
1572:Verona
1537:Mantua
1532:Istria
1512:Finale
1502:Ancona
1450:states
1270:states
1188:Veneti
1166:Latins
1070:
1060:
1037:
1027:
1001:
991:
965:
955:
927:
917:
856:
846:London
829:
819:London
787:London
767:London
747:
737:London
651:, 1900
617:Levant
485:Naples
469:Atrani
441:Norman
433:Ancona
425:Venice
417:Centre
372:Amalfi
360:was a
248:70,000
183:(last)
150:
106:, and
90:Amalfi
78:Status
4379:Music
4030:Sport
4000:Music
3990:Media
3852:Women
3726:Crime
3591:Banks
3367:Lakes
3352:Caves
3303:Flora
3298:Fauna
3020:Genoa
3005:Milan
3000:Siena
2940:Arabs
2827:Celts
2810:Umbri
2686:Music
2656:Flags
2593:Italy
2551:]
2320:Post-
2169:Italy
2113:Lucca
2103:Italy
1654:Savoy
1562:Turin
1542:Milan
1527:Ivrea
1203:Umbri
1176:Celts
878:Paris
562:Capri
501:Gaeta
493:judge
437:Gaeta
429:Genoa
350:Latin
337:Italy
139:duchy
104:Greek
100:Latin
4384:Flag
3955:Flag
3685:Wine
3673:road
3668:rail
3499:List
3489:List
3318:Alps
3183:and
3025:Pisa
2795:Osci
2691:Name
2676:LGBT
2199:Elba
2128:Rome
2077:eras
2073:and
2046:Gozo
1845:Arab
1828:and
1507:Ceva
1171:Osci
1094:2024
1068:OCLC
1058:ISBN
1035:OCLC
1025:ISBN
999:OCLC
989:ISBN
963:OCLC
953:ISBN
925:OCLC
915:ISBN
854:ISBN
827:ISBN
745:ISBN
667:The
623:and
525:doge
523:(or
521:duke
435:and
421:Pisa
403:and
394:doge
392:(or
390:duke
344:The
265:Tarì
225:1137
220:Pisa
146:Duke
44:Flag
3915:Art
3663:air
3455:Law
1266:and
411:of
212:958
4447::
2549:it
1066:.
1033:.
997:.
975:^
961:.
937:^
923:.
895:^
852:.
848::
844:.
825:.
821::
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804:.
789::
785:.
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683:.
631:.
594:.
431:,
427:,
423:,
419::
352::
124:,
120:,
102:,
4117:e
4110:t
4103:v
3501:)
3497:(
3491:)
3487:(
2585:e
2578:t
2571:v
2395:e
2388:t
2381:v
1127:e
1120:t
1113:v
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969:.
931:.
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348:(
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