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because the presence of too much water fills the pores between the grains with water creating a slip plane between the particles and offering no cohesion causing them to slip and slide away. This holds for hillsides and creeps as well. The presence of water may help the hillside stay put and give it cohesion, but in a very wet environment or during or after a large amount of precipitation the pores between the grains can become saturated with water and cause the ground to slide along the slip plane it creates.
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63:. Friction, being the primary force to resist gravity, is produced when one body of material slides past another offering a mechanical resistance between the two which acts to hold objects (or slopes) in place. As slope on a hill increases, the gravitational force that is perpendicular to the slope decreases and results in less friction between the material that could cause the slope to slide.
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Water is a very important factor when discussing soil deformation and movement. For instance, a sandcastle will only stand up when it is made with damp sand. The water offers cohesion to the sand which binds the sand particles together. However, pouring water over the sandcastle destroys it. This is
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Vegetation plays a role in slope stability and creep. When a hillside contains much flora their roots create an interlocking network that can strengthen unconsolidated material. They also aid in absorbing the excess water in the soil to help keep the slope stable. However, they do add to the weight
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slope; it can also refer to slow deformation of such materials as a result of prolonged pressure and stress. Creep may appear to an observer to be continuous, but it really is the sum of numerous minute, discrete movements of slope material caused by the force of
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Roering, Joshua J., James W. Kirchner, and
William E. Dietrich. "Evidence for nonlinear, diffusive sediment transport on hillslopes and implications for landscape morphology." Water Resources Research 35.3 (1999):
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when they are exposed to water. Clay expands when wet, then contracts after drying. The expansion portion pushes downhill, then the contraction results in consolidation at the new offset.
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Rosenbloom, N. A., and Robert S. Anderson. "Hillslope and channel evolution in a marine terraced landscape, Santa Cruz." California: Journal of
Geophysical Research 99.B7 (1994): 14-013.
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of the slope giving gravity that much more of a driving force to act on in pushing the slope downward. In general, though, slopes without vegetation have a greater chance of movement.
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Roering, Kirchner and
Dietrich, 1999. Evidence for nonlinear diffusive sediment transport on hilslopes and implications for landscape morphology.
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Convex hillslopes near Lebec, southern
California, US. Creep in the underlying soils has produced the rounded form of the hilltops.
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from being undermined. Pilings are planted sufficiently deep into the surface material to guard against this action taking place.
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Objects resting on top of the soil are carried by it as it descends the slope. This can be seen in churchyards, where older
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is slope. For steep slopes, diffusional sediment flux is more appropriately modeled as a non-linear function of slope
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On long timescales, diffusive creep in hillslope soils leads to a characteristic rounding of ridges in the landscape.
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For shallow to moderate slopes, diffusional sediment flux is modeled linearly as (Culling, 1960; McKean et al., 1993)
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Design engineers sometimes need to guard against downhill creep during their planning to prevent building
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are often situated at an angle and several meters away from where they were originally erected.
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537:. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1960, 2nd edition, 7th printing, pp. 318–19
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149:. Soil creep has led to the headstones being tilted at an angle over time.
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Creep can also be caused by the expansion of materials such as
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380:{\displaystyle q_{s}={\frac {k_{d}S}{1-(S/S_{c})^{2}}}\,\!}
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Creep has caused the soil to spread over this pavement.
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523:. London: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. 1978.
519:Monkhouse, F. J. (University of Southampton).
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105:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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125:Learn how and when to remove this message
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103:adding citations to reliable sources
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23:Trees showing the presence of creep
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235:{\displaystyle q_{s}=k_{d}S\,\!}
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542:Surface Processes and Landforms
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273:is the diffusion constant, and
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540:Easterbrook, Don J., 1999,
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191:Modeling regolith diffusion
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42:characterized by the slow,
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598:Coastal sediment transport
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521:A Dictionary of Geography
411:{\displaystyle S_{c}\,\!}
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288:{\displaystyle S\,\!}
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141:A group of Victorian
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516:McKean et al., 1993.
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99:improve this section
44:downward progression
449:Creep (deformation)
579:Sediment transport
535:Physical Geography
528:Water Resour. Res.
464:Sediment transport
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508:Bibliography
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459:Mass wasting
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97:Please help
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185:foundations
115:August 2013
54:down a low
713:Categories
675:Soil creep
475:References
174:headstones
143:headstones
32:soil creep
680:Landslide
668:Hillslope
454:Colluvium
339:−
86:does not
608:Bed load
443:See also
67:Overview
690:Aeolian
659:Drumlin
649:Moraine
627:Glacial
491:853–70.
147:England
107:removed
92:sources
61:gravity
389:where
244:where
654:Esker
586:Water
56:grade
40:creep
36:creep
698:Dune
167:clay
90:any
88:cite
52:soil
50:and
48:rock
101:by
46:of
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