619:
1549:
154:
104:
1703:
298:
40:
555:. When the project was first started, the "m" instead stood for "Martin's", after original developer Martin Dougiamas. Besides being an acronym, the name was also chosen because of the dictionary definition of Moodle, with connotations such as "tinkering", "insight", and "creativity", as well as to correspond to an available domain name.
572:
The MoodleMoot is a conference for Moodle community members to learn about Moodle, share experiences of the learning platform, discuss research in related educational technologies and contribute ideas to future Moodle development. Held around the world, MoodleMoots are organised by universities or
351:
is a collection of E-learning standards and specifications that define communications between client-side content and a server-side learning management system, as well as how externally authored content should be packaged to integrate with the LMS effectively. There are two versions: SCORM 1.2 and
514:
of teaching and learning within
Internet-based communities of reflective inquiry." Although how exactly social constructivism makes Moodle different from other eLearning platforms is difficult to show, it has been cited as an important factor by Moodle adopters. Other Moodle adopters, such as the
371:(LTI) is a standard way of integrating rich learning applications ,(often remotely hosted and provided through third-party services) with educational platforms. Moodle uses the External Tool activity to act as an 'LTI consumer' as standard and will act as an 'LTI provider' using a plugin.
563:
Moodle has continued to evolve since 1999 (since 2001 with the current architecture). It has been translated into over 100 different languages and is accessible in many countries worldwide. Institutions can add as many Moodle servers as needed without having to pay license fees.
352:
SCORM 2004. Moodle is SCORM 1.2 compliant and passes all the tests in the ADL Conformance test suite 1.2.7 for SCORM 1.2. SCORM 2004 is not supported in Moodle; however, Rustici
Software has a Moodle plugin that turn any Moodle site into a fully compliant SCORM 2004 LMS.
320:
The Moodle
Project is led and coordinated by Moodle HQ, an Australian company, that is financially supported by a network of eighty Moodle Partner service companies worldwide. Development is also assisted by the open-source community.
305:
Moodle was originally developed by Martin
Dougiamas to help educators and scholars create online courses and focus on interaction and collaborative construction of content. The first version of Moodle was released on 20 August
423:
Certified Moodle
Partners provide other Moodle services, including hosting, training, customization and content development. This network of providers supports the development of the Moodle project through royalties.
331:
Plugins, custom graphical themes, mobile responsive web design, and a Moodle mobile app are available to customize each individual's experience on the platform. Moodle's mobile app is available on
857:
607:
currently uses a Moodle installation for their 200,000 users while the government uses a Moodle installation for the Civil
Service Learning platform serving half a million employees.
933:
1389:
822:
Horvat, Ana; Dobrota, M.; Krsmanovic, M.; & Cudanov, M. (2015). "Student perception of Moodle learning management system: a satisfaction and significance analysis".
1014:
1593:
356:
1210:
1557:
690:
657:
467:
864:
573:
other large organizations using Moodle, Moodle
Partners, Moodle associations or Moodle HQ. 2020 saw the #Moot move to a virtual conference.
362:
1586:
600:
semi-open source Canvas platform. In March 2016, Blackboard became an official Moodle partner, although this partnership ended in 2018.
365:
Common
Cartridge packages can also be imported into Moodle. In addition, Moodle Book activities can be exported as IMS Content Packages.
359:
and is used to call externally authored content and assessment packages. AICC content packages are supported in Moodle 2.1 - Moodle 4.2.
1506:
1745:
1260:
584:
In the U.S. higher education market as of fall 2021, the top three learning management systems (LMS) by number of institutions were
1755:
1735:
944:
535:
approach to education, emphasizing that learners (and not just teachers) can contribute to the educational experience. Using these
328:
tool, Moodle developed several features now considered standard for learning management systems, such as a calendar and gradebook.
1134:
1770:
1750:
409:
348:
1765:
1725:
1706:
1579:
806:
1760:
727:
624:
1183:
1080:
793:
652:
1740:
459:
Moodle also has import features for use with other specific systems, such as importing quizzes or entire courses from
737:
247:
1730:
519:
in the UK, have pointed out that
Learning Management Systems can equally be seen as "relatively pedagogy-neutral".
174:
1350:
368:
1453:
596:(41%). However, by 2017, Moodle had dropped to the third largest provider, due in part to increased adoption of
1220:
1108:
588:(30%), Moodle (21%), and Blackboard (20%). In 2013, Moodle was for a time the second largest provider with 23%
528:
127:
995:
470:
Inc. and NetSpot of
Adelaide, Australia. In August 2015, Blackboard acquired Colombia-based Nivel7. The
95:
1066:
1033:
642:
637:
593:
267:
259:
1148:
647:
466:
In March 2012 Blackboard acquired two companies based on Moodle's software including Baltimore-based
17:
324:
Moodle is a learning platform used to augment and move existing learning environments online. As an
1427:
179:
103:
1163:
891:"Free choice of learning management systems: Do student habits override inherent system quality?"
632:
532:
508:
1554:
1479:
335:, the App Store for iOS, the F-Droid Android FLOSS repository, and the Windows Phone Store.
1629:
504:
500:
475:
282:
and other online learning projects in schools, universities, workplaces and other sectors.
256:
1364:
1300:
8:
1690:
1264:
890:
153:
1619:
1548:
839:
774:
385:
275:
460:
1614:
843:
802:
733:
708:
445:
397:
279:
778:
669:
1669:
1659:
1644:
1624:
1048:
913:
905:
831:
766:
492:
271:
224:
186:
52:
969:
755:"Opening up to open source: looking at how Moodle was adopted in higher education"
676:
1561:
835:
770:
604:
516:
1571:
1314:
821:
585:
1187:
581:
Moodle has over 50% of its market share in Europe, Latin America, and Oceania.
401:
909:
136:
1719:
1052:
801:. 2nd Moodle Research Conference (MRC2013). Sousse, Tunisia. pp. 84–93.
1409:
1242:
1286:
589:
511:
417:
1507:"Simply the Best: Case Study for Moodle at Open... » Linux Magazine"
597:
332:
1520:
918:
392:, are supported. Pre-built combinations of Moodle with a Web server and
404:. Other automated installation approaches exist, such as installing a
381:
325:
59:
47:
1664:
1634:
1521:"Case Studies | Innovative Digital Learning | LEO Learning"
539:
principles, Moodle provides an environment for learning communities.
496:
1211:"A Large-scale Open Source eLearning Systems at the Open University"
1112:
1649:
1215:
536:
393:
297:
286:
471:
441:
413:
1685:
478:
project, with clear delineation between Blackboard and Moodle.
405:
1094:
691:"Official Moodle git projects - moodle.git/blob - COPYING.txt"
289:
with online courses and allows for community-sourced plugins.
239:
39:
1332:
754:
474:
site, Opensource.com, reported that Moodle will always be an
449:
437:
389:
233:
191:
1351:
Academic LMS Market Share: A view across four global regions
1566:
759:
Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning
433:
416:
installer, or using a "one-click install" service such as
357:
Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee (AICC)
1639:
1067:"Online Grading to Make Teaching Life Easier with Moodle"
1015:"Technology that puts the classroom in students' laptops"
499:, wrote the first version of Moodle. Dougiamas started a
453:
263:
167:
388:, and a number of database management systems, such as
343:
Moodle has adopted the following e-learning standards:
1542:
1165:
VLE 2.0 and future directions in learning environments
996:"How Moodle is driven by user and community feedback"
248:
209:
203:
1181:
614:
553:
modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment
355:
The AICC HACP standard for CMI was developed by the
236:
1171:. Proceedings of the first LAMS Conference, Sydney.
230:
227:
1353:". e-Literate. 29 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2019
1601:
795:Gamified Moodle Course in a Corporate Environment
1717:
888:
349:Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM)
338:
1454:"Blackboard Is Now An Official Moodle Partner"
1149:"Moodle will always be an open source project"
858:"A Pedagogical Evaluation of Moodle Extension"
658:List of free and open-source software packages
491:Martin Dougiamas, who has graduate degrees in
456:and a database, including web host providers.
1587:
317:, and it continues to be actively developed.
729:The Encyclopedia of Distance Learning, Vol1
527:The stated philosophy of Moodle includes a
380:Users can download and install Moodle on a
1594:
1580:
1547:
898:Interactive Technology and Smart Education
152:
102:
1567:Cloud based, subscription model of Moodle
1480:"Moodle ends partnership with Blackboard"
934:"Welcome cats-pyjamas.net - BlueHost.com"
917:
1261:"Open-Source Learning Management System"
1034:"E-assessment: Past, present and future"
752:
296:
1208:
1012:
993:
726:Rogers, Patricia L. (31 January 2009).
522:
14:
1718:
1555:Moodle and WhatsApp Integration Plugin
1362:
1161:
1135:"Blackboard makes Moodle acquisitions"
1031:
791:
725:
683:
1575:
1391:A Profile of the LMS Market (page 47)
567:
625:Free and open-source software portal
432:Moodle runs without modification on
1410:"FAQ · instructure/canvas-lms Wiki"
1021:. Adam Stanley, The Globe and Mail.
753:Costello, Eamon (1 November 2013).
653:List of learning management systems
452:and any other systems that support
427:
24:
1504:
1363:Ménard, Justin (8 November 2021).
1303:. Moodle.org Lounge. 16 July 2005.
1109:"How do the Moodle Partners work?"
1013:Stanley, Adam (18 November 2014).
994:Gartner, Samantha (1 April 2015).
408:package, deploying a ready-to-use
25:
1782:
1534:
824:Interactive Learning Environments
542:
1746:Free learning management systems
1702:
1701:
1365:"How Moodle Overtook Blackboard"
1081:"SCORM Cloud Moodle Integration"
715:– via The Free Dictionary.
617:
285:Moodle is used to create custom
223:
38:
1756:Free software programmed in PHP
1736:Free content management systems
1513:
1498:
1472:
1446:
1428:"LMS Data--Spring 2017 Updates"
1420:
1402:
1382:
1356:
1343:
1325:
1307:
1293:
1279:
1253:
1235:
1202:
1175:
1155:
1141:
1127:
1101:
1087:
1073:
1059:
1025:
1006:
987:
962:
926:
889:Gavin W. Porter (7 June 2013).
792:Krassa, Anna (4 October 2013).
369:Learning Tools Interoperability
1771:Software using the GPL license
1751:Free learning support software
882:
850:
815:
785:
746:
719:
701:
558:
13:
1:
1766:Virtual learning environments
1726:Classroom management software
1602:Classroom management software
1315:"Language packs - MoodleDocs"
1263:. Moodlerooms. Archived from
1182:McMulli & Munroe (2004).
663:
481:
375:
1434:. Client Stat. 12 March 2017
836:10.1080/10494820.2013.788033
771:10.1080/02680513.2013.856289
677:"Moodle 4.4.3 Release Notes"
412:Moodle appliance, using the
339:E-learning standards support
7:
1761:Learning management systems
610:
576:
292:
10:
1787:
643:Learning management system
638:Student Information System
486:
268:GNU General Public License
266:and distributed under the
260:learning management system
1741:Free educational software
1699:
1678:
1607:
1243:"Philosophy - MoodleDocs"
1095:"List of Moodle Partners"
910:10.1108/ITSE-07-2012-0019
648:Online learning community
198:
185:
173:
163:
126:
122:
94:
90:
72:
58:
46:
37:
1560:24 December 2021 at the
1301:"The chicken or the egg"
1111:. Moodle. Archived from
1053:10.11120/ndir.2013.00009
732:. Idea Group Inc (IGI).
180:Course management system
1731:Cross-platform software
1397:, CampusComputing, 2013
1097:. Moodle. 25 June 2021.
970:"Releases - MoodleDocs"
503:to examine "the use of
1209:Sclater, Neil (2008).
1032:Jordan, Sally (2013).
633:Educational technology
551:officially stands for
533:social constructionist
509:social constructionist
302:
78:; 22 years ago
713:Thefreedictionary.com
300:
270:. Moodle is used for
109:; 16 days ago
107:/ 2 September 2024
941:www.cats-pyjamas.net
523:Pedagogical approach
505:open source software
257:free and open-source
1691:Microsoft Classroom
1287:"Moodle definition"
1267:on 27 December 2010
1162:Weller, M. (2006).
1069:. 19 November 2014.
308: (22 years ago)
76:20 August 2002
34:
27:E-learning platform
1416:. 16 January 2022.
1137:. bizjournals.com.
1019:The Globe and Mail
950:on 6 November 2020
870:on 24 October 2013
568:Moodle conferences
396:are available for
386:Apache HTTP Server
303:
276:distance education
48:Original author(s)
32:
1713:
1712:
1151:. opensource.com.
808:978-618-80889-0-0
398:Microsoft Windows
280:flipped classroom
216:
215:
16:(Redirected from
1778:
1705:
1704:
1645:Google Classroom
1625:Blackboard Learn
1620:Apple Schoolwork
1596:
1589:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1543:Official website
1529:
1528:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1360:
1354:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1219:. Archived from
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1186:. Archived from
1184:"VMoodle at DCU"
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1038:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1010:
1004:
1003:
991:
985:
984:
982:
980:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
949:
943:. Archived from
938:
930:
924:
923:
921:
895:
886:
880:
879:
877:
875:
869:
863:. Archived from
862:
854:
848:
847:
819:
813:
812:
800:
789:
783:
782:
750:
744:
743:
723:
717:
716:
705:
699:
698:
687:
681:
680:
673:
627:
622:
621:
620:
493:computer science
428:Interoperability
316:
314:
309:
301:Martin Dougiamas
272:blended learning
251:
246:
245:
242:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
212:
206:
156:
151:
148:
146:
144:
142:
140:
138:
117:
115:
114:2 September 2024
110:
106:
86:
84:
79:
68:Moodle Community
64:Martin Dougiamas
53:Martin Dougiamas
42:
35:
31:
21:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1695:
1674:
1615:Apple Classroom
1603:
1600:
1562:Wayback Machine
1541:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1525:leolearning.com
1519:
1518:
1514:
1505:Kehrer, Anika.
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1460:. 14 March 2016
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1344:
1339:. 3 April 2019.
1331:
1330:
1326:
1319:docs.moodle.org
1313:
1312:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1247:docs.moodle.org
1241:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1223:on 26 July 2012
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1115:on 22 July 2014
1107:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1011:
1007:
992:
988:
978:
976:
974:docs.moodle.org
968:
967:
963:
953:
951:
947:
936:
932:
931:
927:
893:
887:
883:
873:
871:
867:
860:
856:
855:
851:
820:
816:
809:
798:
790:
786:
751:
747:
740:
724:
720:
707:
706:
702:
689:
688:
684:
675:
674:
670:
666:
623:
618:
616:
613:
605:Open University
603:In the UK, the
579:
570:
561:
545:
525:
517:Open University
489:
484:
430:
378:
341:
312:
310:
307:
295:
249:
226:
222:
208:
207:
202:
159:
135:
118:
113:
111:
108:
82:
80:
77:
73:Initial release
67:
65:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1552:
1536:
1535:External links
1533:
1531:
1530:
1512:
1497:
1486:. 27 July 2018
1471:
1445:
1419:
1401:
1381:
1355:
1342:
1324:
1306:
1292:
1278:
1252:
1234:
1201:
1190:on 13 May 2013
1174:
1154:
1140:
1126:
1100:
1086:
1072:
1058:
1041:New Directions
1024:
1005:
1000:Opensource.com
986:
961:
925:
881:
849:
830:(4): 515–527.
814:
807:
784:
765:(3): 187–200.
745:
738:
718:
700:
695:git.moodle.org
682:
667:
665:
662:
661:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
629:
628:
612:
609:
578:
575:
569:
566:
560:
557:
544:
543:Origin of name
541:
529:constructivist
524:
521:
488:
485:
483:
480:
429:
426:
384:, such as the
377:
374:
373:
372:
366:
360:
353:
340:
337:
294:
291:
214:
213:
200:
196:
195:
189:
183:
182:
177:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
158:
157:
132:
130:
124:
123:
120:
119:
100:
98:
96:Stable release
92:
91:
88:
87:
74:
70:
69:
62:
56:
55:
50:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1783:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1708:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1508:
1501:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1302:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1167:
1166:
1158:
1150:
1144:
1136:
1130:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1096:
1090:
1082:
1076:
1068:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1047:(1): 87–106.
1046:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1001:
997:
990:
975:
971:
965:
946:
942:
935:
929:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
892:
885:
866:
859:
853:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
818:
810:
804:
797:
796:
788:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
749:
741:
739:9781605661995
735:
731:
730:
722:
714:
710:
704:
696:
692:
686:
678:
672:
668:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
630:
626:
615:
608:
606:
601:
599:
598:Instructure's
595:
591:
587:
582:
574:
565:
556:
554:
550:
540:
538:
534:
530:
520:
518:
513:
510:
507:to support a
506:
502:
498:
494:
479:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:
344:
336:
334:
329:
327:
322:
318:
299:
290:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
254:
253:
244:
220:
211:
205:
201:
197:
193:
190:
188:
184:
181:
178:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
155:
150:
134:
133:
131:
129:
125:
121:
105:
99:
97:
93:
89:
75:
71:
63:
61:
57:
54:
51:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
1679:Discontinued
1654:
1524:
1515:
1500:
1488:. Retrieved
1483:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1457:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1390:
1384:
1372:. Retrieved
1368:
1358:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1295:
1289:. All Words.
1281:
1269:. Retrieved
1265:the original
1255:
1246:
1237:
1227:18 September
1225:. Retrieved
1221:the original
1214:
1204:
1194:18 September
1192:. Retrieved
1188:the original
1177:
1164:
1157:
1143:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:the original
1103:
1089:
1083:. scorm.com.
1075:
1061:
1044:
1040:
1027:
1018:
1008:
999:
989:
977:. Retrieved
973:
964:
952:. Retrieved
945:the original
940:
928:
919:10722/188170
904:(2): 84–94.
901:
897:
884:
872:. Retrieved
865:the original
852:
827:
823:
817:
794:
787:
762:
758:
748:
728:
721:
712:
703:
694:
685:
671:
602:
592:, following
590:market share
583:
580:
571:
562:
552:
548:
547:The acronym
546:
526:
512:epistemology
490:
465:
458:
431:
422:
418:Installatron
379:
342:
330:
323:
319:
304:
284:
218:
217:
60:Developer(s)
29:
1458:Moodle News
1438:22 November
1432:Edutechnica
1119:28 November
559:Development
537:pedagogical
476:open-source
468:Moodlerooms
333:Google Play
262:written in
101:4.4.3
1720:Categories
1374:12 January
1369:ListEdTech
664:References
594:Blackboard
482:Background
463:or WebCT.
461:Blackboard
382:Web server
376:Deployment
326:E-learning
313:2002-08-20
210:moodle.com
204:moodle.org
164:Written in
128:Repository
83:2002-08-20
1665:Schoology
1635:ClassDojo
844:205708644
497:education
66:Moodle HQ
18:Dougiamas
1707:Category
1650:Open edX
1558:Archived
1490:23 March
1464:18 April
1333:"Events"
1216:Educause
979:18 April
954:27 April
874:27 April
779:54976320
709:"Moodle"
611:See also
577:Adoption
394:database
293:Overview
287:websites
1608:Current
487:Origins
472:Red Hat
446:Windows
442:FreeBSD
414:Bitnami
410:TurnKey
311: (
255:) is a
199:Website
187:License
147:/moodle
145:/moodle
141:.moodle
112: (
81: (
1686:Edmodo
1655:Moodle
1630:Canvas
1484:Moodle
1414:GitHub
1337:Moodle
1271:31 May
842:
805:
777:
736:
586:Canvas
549:Moodle
406:Debian
219:Moodle
33:Moodle
1670:Sakai
1395:(PDF)
1169:(PDF)
1037:(PDF)
948:(PDF)
937:(PDF)
894:(PDF)
868:(PDF)
861:(PDF)
840:S2CID
799:(PDF)
775:S2CID
501:Ph.D.
450:MacOS
438:Linux
390:MySQL
192:GPLv3
1660:Otus
1492:2022
1466:2018
1440:2017
1376:2024
1273:2012
1229:2009
1196:2009
1121:2014
981:2018
956:2015
876:2015
803:ISBN
734:ISBN
531:and
495:and
434:Unix
400:and
347:The
306:2002
252:-dəl
175:Type
149:.git
143:.com
1640:D2L
1049:doi
914:hdl
906:doi
832:doi
767:doi
454:PHP
402:Mac
363:IMS
264:PHP
250:MOO
168:PHP
139:.in
137:git
1722::
1523:.
1482:.
1456:.
1430:.
1412:.
1367:.
1335:.
1317:.
1245:.
1213:.
1043:.
1039:.
1017:.
998:.
972:.
939:.
912:.
902:10
900:.
896:.
838:.
828:23
826:.
773:.
763:28
761:.
757:.
711:.
693:.
448:,
444:,
440:,
436:,
420:.
278:,
274:,
240:əl
234:uː
1595:e
1588:t
1581:v
1527:.
1509:.
1494:.
1468:.
1442:.
1399:.
1378:.
1349:"
1321:.
1275:.
1249:.
1231:.
1198:.
1123:.
1055:.
1051::
1045:9
1002:.
983:.
958:.
922:.
916::
908::
878:.
846:.
834::
811:.
781:.
769::
742:.
697:.
679:.
315:)
243:/
237:d
231:m
228:ˈ
225:/
221:(
194:+
116:)
85:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
