Doughnut - Knowledge

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needlelike crystals (beta-prime crystals)." This crystalline structure is considered highly stable due to how tightly its molecules are packed. The sugar used in baking is essentially sucrose, and besides imparting sweetness in the doughnut, sugar also functions in the color and tenderness of the final product. Sucrose is a simple carbohydrate whose structure is made up of a glucose molecule bound to a fructose molecule. Milk is utilized in the making of doughnuts, but in large scale bakeries, one form of milk used is nonfat dry milk solids. These solids are obtained by removing most of the water from skim milk with heat, and this heat additionally denatures the whey proteins and increases the absorption properties of the remaining proteins. The ability of the

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protein content of about 7 to 8 percent. In yeast doughnuts, a flour with a higher protein content of about 9 to 12 percent is used, resulting in a doughnut that is lighter and more airy. In addition, yeast doughnuts utilize yeast as a leavening agent. Specifically, "Yeast cells are thoroughly distributed throughout the dough and begin to feed on the sugar that is present ... carbon dioxide gas is generated, which raises the dough, making it light and porous." Whereas this process is biological, the leavening process in cake doughnuts is chemical. In cake doughnuts, the most common leavening agent is baking powder. Baking powder is essentially "baking soda with acid added. This neutralizes the base and produces more CO

3275: 1682: 3001: 3660: 221: 1528: 469: 3215: 4014:. About 250 Salvation Army volunteers went to France. Because of the difficulties of providing freshly baked goods from huts established in abandoned buildings near the front lines, the two Salvation Army volunteers (Ensign Margaret Sheldon and Adjutant Helen Purviance) came up with the idea of providing doughnuts. These are reported to have been an "instant hit", and "soon many soldiers were visiting The Salvation Army huts". Margaret Sheldon wrote of one busy day: "Today I made 22 pies, 300 doughnuts, 700 cups of coffee." Soon, the women who did this work became known by the servicemen as "Doughnut Dollies". 1015:, foaming agents, and tenderizers in the dough. The egg white proteins, mainly ovalbumin, "function as structure formers. Egg solids, chiefly the egg white solids combined with the moisture in the egg, are considered structure-forming materials that help significantly to produce proper volume, grain, and texture." The egg yolk contributes proteins, fats, and emulsifiers to the dough. Emulsifying agents are essential to doughnut formation because they prevent the fat molecules from separating from the water molecules in the dough. The main emulsifier in egg yolk is called lecithin, which is a 3239: 1547: 688: 1019:. "The fatty acids are attracted to fats and oils (lipids) in food, while the phosphate group is attracted to water. It is this ability to attract both lipids and water that allow phospholipids such as lecithin to act as emulsifiers." The proteins from both the egg yolk and the egg whites contribute to the structure of the dough through a process called coagulation. When heat is applied to the dough, the egg proteins will begin to unfold, or denature, and then form new bonds with one another, thus creating a gel-like network that can hold water and gas. 3251: 3671: 3200: 3996: 3263: 991:. Specifically, "the backbone of the gluten network likely consists of the largest glutenin molecules, or subunits, aligned and tightly linked to one another. These tightly linked glutenin subunits associate more loosely, along with gliadin, into larger gluten aggregates." The gluten strands then tangle and interact with other strands and other molecules, resulting in networks that provide the elasticity of the dough. In mixing, the gluten is developed when the force of the mixer draws the gluten from the wheat 195: 1051:(NaCl) is usually used as an ingredient due to its high purity, whereas the salts in water are derived from varying minerals. As an ingredient, "salt is added to enhance the flavour of cakes and breads and to ‘toughen up’ the soft mixture of fat and sugar." If relatively soft water is being used, more salt should be added in order to strengthen the gluten network of the dough, but if not enough salt is added during the baking process, the flavor of the bread will not be appealing to consumers. 625:, published in 1900, in which a character is quoted as saying, "Pa said he guessed he hadn't got much appetite, and he would just drink a cup of coffee and eat a donut." According to author John T. Edge the alternative spelling "donut" was invented in the 1920s when the New York–based Display Doughnut Machine Corporation abbreviated the word to make it more pronounceable by the foreigners they hoped would buy their automated doughnut making equipment. The donut spelling also showed up in a 1004: 455: 8223: 2205: 2602: 1268:(‘នំបុ័ង’) is the general word for pastry or any kind of starchy food. A very inexpensive treat for everyday Cambodians, this sweet pastry consists of a jasmine rice flour dough moulded into a classic ring shape and then deep fried in fat, then drizzled with a palm sugar toffee and sprinkled with sesame seeds. The rice flour gives it a chewy texture that Cambodians are fond of. This childhood snack is what inspired Cambodian-American entrepreneur 3904: 3435: 1723: 3603: 3299: 7867: 2966: 3227: 2008: 140: 2067: 206: 4026: 97: 2803: 2533: 1380: 677: 22: 3330: 2702: 2409: 1023: 2845:. In Spain, there are several variants of them depending on the region where they are prepared and the time of the year they are sold. In some regions they are considered a special pastry prepared only for Easter. Although overall they are more tightly textured and less sweet than U.S.-style doughnuts, they differ greatly in shape, size and taste from one region to another. 668: 777: 1047:

molecules, such as the starches or proteins, must be hydrated in order for them to absorb moisture. Another important consideration of water is its degree of hardness, which measures the amount of impurities in the water source. Pure water consists of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen, but water used in baking often is not pure. Baker's

5134: 747:-raised doughnuts absorb more oil because they take longer to fry, about 150 seconds, at 182 to 190 °C (360 to 374 °F). Cake doughnuts typically weigh between 24 and 28 g (0.85 and 0.99 oz), whereas yeast-raised doughnuts average 38 g (1.3 oz) and are generally larger, and taller (due to rising) when finished. 3481:, and by the roadside near high-traffic areas like airports and the car parks of large shopping centres. Traditional cinnamon doughnuts are readily available in Australia from specialized retailers and convenience stores. Doughnuts are a popular choice for schools and other not-for-profit groups to cook and sell as a fundraiser. 5142: 3493:. They are in the form of a long sweet bread roll with a deep cut down its long axis. In this cut is placed a long dollop of sweetened clotted cream and on top of this is a spot of strawberry jam. Doughnuts are of two varieties: fresh cream or mock cream. The rounded variety is widely available as well. 1042:

in the nonfat milk solids is known as beta-lactoglobulin, and a crucial feature of its structure is that there exists a single sulfhydryl group that is protected by the alpha helix, and when heating of the milk solids occurs, these groups participate in disulfide exchanges with other molecules. This

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is responsible for providing tenderness and aerating the dough. In terms of its molecular structure, "a typical shortening that appears solid contains 15–20% solids and, hence, 80–85% liquid oil ... this small amount of solids can be made to hold all of the liquid in a matrix of very small, stable,

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Hanson Gregory, an American, claimed to have invented the ring-shaped doughnut in 1847 aboard a lime-trading ship when he was 16 years old. Gregory was dissatisfied with the greasiness of doughnuts twisted into various shapes and with the raw center of regular doughnuts. He claimed to have punched a

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Ring doughnuts are formed by one of two methods: by joining the ends of a long, skinny piece of dough into a ring, or by using a doughnut cutter, which simultaneously cuts the outside and inside shape, leaving a doughnut-shaped piece of dough and a doughnut hole (the dough removed from the center).

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Sometimes the table was graced with immense apple-pies, or saucers full of preserved peaches and pears; but it was always sure to boast of an enormous dish of balls of sweetened dough, fried in hog’s fat, and called dough-nuts, or oly koeks: a delicious kind of cake, at present scarce known in this

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In Brazil, bakeries, grocery stores and pastry shops sell ball-shaped doughnuts popularly known as "sonhos" (lit. dreams). The dessert was brought to Brazil by Portuguese colonizers that had contact with Dutch and German traders. They are the equivalent of nowadays "bolas de Berlim" (lit. balls of

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are "a cross between a traditional cake-like doughnut and chewy mochi dough similar to what’s wrapped around ice cream". This hybrid confection was originally popularized in Japan by Mister Donut before spreading to the United States via Hawaii. The Mister Donut style, also known as "pon de ring",

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Originally, most varieties of doughnut holes were derivatives of their ring doughnut (yeast-based dough or cake batter) counterparts. However, doughnut holes can also be made by dropping a small ball of dough into hot oil from a specially shaped nozzle or cutter. This production method has allowed

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Traditionally, doughnut holes are made by frying the dough removed from the center portion of the doughnut. Consequently, they are considerably smaller than a standard doughnut and tend to be spherical. Similar to standard doughnuts, doughnut holes may be topped with confections, such as glaze or

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Yeast doughnuts and cake doughnuts contain most of the same ingredients, however, their structural differences arise from the type of flour and leavening agent used. In cake doughnuts, cake flour is used, and the resulting doughnut has a different texture because cake flour has a relatively low

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are small, bite-sized doughnuts that were traditionally made from the dough taken from the center of ring doughnuts. Before long, doughnut sellers saw the opportunity to market "holes" as a novelty and many chains offer their own variety, some with their own brand names such as "Munchkins" from

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There are two types of ring doughnuts, those made from a yeast-based dough for raised doughnuts, or those made from a special type of cake batter. Yeast-raised doughnuts contain about 25% oil by weight, whereas cake doughnuts' oil content is around 20%, but have extra fat included in the batter

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Water is a necessary ingredient in the production of doughnuts because it activates the other ingredients, allowing them to perform their functions in building the doughnut's structure. For example, sugar and salt crystals must be dissolved in order for them to act in the dough, whereas larger

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There are sparse instances of the "donut" spelling variation prior to WWII. For instance, it is mentioned in an LA Times article dated August 10, 1929. There, Bailey Millard complains about the decline of spelling, and that he "can't swallow the 'wel-dun donut' nor the everso'gud bred'."

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The physical structure of the doughnut is created by the combination of flour, leavening agent, sugar, eggs, salt, water, shortening, milk solids, and additional components. The most important ingredients for creating the dough network are the flour and eggs. The main protein in flour is

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Local varieties of doughnuts sold by peddlers and street vendors throughout the Philippines are usually made of plain well-kneaded dough, deep-fried in refined coconut oil and sprinkled with refined (not powdered or confectioner's) sugar. Round versions of this doughnut are known as

6826: 779: 783: 782: 778: 3466:, but are served hot: red jam (raspberry or strawberry) is injected into the bun before it is deep-fried, and then it is coated with either sugar or sugar mixed with cinnamon as soon as it has been cooked. Jam doughnuts are sometimes also bought frozen. In 784: 768:, culinary historian Linda Civitello writes that the hole was invented because it allowed the doughnuts to cook faster. By 1870 doughnut cutters shaped in two concentric circles, one smaller than the other, began to appear in home-shopping catalogues". 785: 4497:"The frugal housewife : or, Complete woman cook; wherein the art of dressing all sorts of viands is explained in upwards of five hundred approved receipts, in gravies, sauces, roasting, etc. ... also the making of English wines | MSU Libraries" 4743:, p. 166: "... and British English in the spelling of individual words include ax/axe (though the British form is also frequently used in America), check/ cheque (a money order), donut/doughnut, draft/draught (an air current), mold/mould, 4832:: "Donuts" came to the fore in the 1920s, when the New York-based Doughnut Machine Corporation set its eyes upon foreign markets. "In order to obviate difficulty in pronouncing 'doughnuts' in foreign languages," a press release announced .." 781: 730:

deep-fried dough that cleverly used her son's spice cargo of nutmeg and cinnamon, along with lemon rind," and "put hazelnuts or walnuts in the center, where the dough might not cook through", and called the food 'doughnuts'.

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is a hole doughnut made from boiled sweet potato that is mashed. The sweet potato mash is shaped into rings and fried. The hot doughnut is then rolled in granulated sugar. The result is a doughnut with a sugar-crusted skin.

1643:, the widely celebrated Hindu festival in Nepal. A semiliquid dough is usually prepared by adding milk, water, sugar, butter, cardamom, and mashed banana to rice flour, which is often left to ferment for up to 24 hours. A 4981:

In addition to a choice of dozens of different kinds of doughnuts and crullers, Dunkin' Donuts sells "Munchkins," bite-size spheres supposedly made from the dough punched from the centers of the doughnuts (they are not

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season and do not have the typical ring shape, but instead are solid. Traditionally, they are filled with jam (apricot or plum). However, they can be filled with vanilla or chocolate cream. Other types of doughnuts are

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The first cookbook using the near conventional "dough nuts" spelling was possibly the 1803 edition of "The Frugal Housewife: Or, Complete Woman Cook", which included dough nuts in an appendix of American recipes.

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in the northern Philippines) uses a length of dough twisted into a distinctive rope-like shape before being fried. The preparation is almost exactly the same as doughnuts, though there are variants made from

2981:. It is also possible to buy fudge doughnuts in certain regions of Scotland. Fillings include jam, custard, cream, sweet mincemeat, chocolate and apple. Common ring toppings are sprinkle-iced and chocolate. 3974:

used a solid pink color for its boxes at that time. (It switched to a different box design sometime after 1975.) But the chain did not begin to establish a major presence in California until the 2010s.

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are also found in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Switzerland and the United States. Today, U.S.-style doughnuts are also available in Germany, but are less popular than their native counterparts.

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in the batter. The use of cider affects both the texture and flavor, resulting in a denser, moister product. They are often coated with either granulated, powdered sugar, or cinnamon sugar.

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and produces mochi donuts that are easy to pull apart. Another variation developed in the United States uses glutinous rice flour which produces a denser mochi donut akin to Hawaiian-style

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material, meaning that its rheology depends on both the viscosity and the elasticity. The viscosity coefficient and the flow index are unique to the type of dough being analyzed, while the

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This smaller piece of dough can be cooked and served as a "doughnut hole" or added back to the batch to make more doughnuts. A disk-shaped doughnut can also be stretched and pinched into a

1872:. Often sold from food stalls in markets or by the side of the road, these doughnuts are small, sometimes X-shaped, and sold by the bag full. They are often eaten in the morning with hot 2091:) and are commonly eaten in cafés and cafeteria restaurants. It is sold cold and sometimes filled with jam (like U.S. jelly donuts) or a vanilla sauce. A ring doughnut is also known as 3507:

Berlin) in Portugal, but the traditional Portuguese yellow cream was substituted by local dairy and fruit products. They are made of a special type of bread filled with "goiabada" (

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article dated August 10, 1929 in which Bailey Millard jokingly complains about the decline of spelling, and that he "can't swallow the 'wel-dun donut' nor the ever so 'gud bred'".

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interchange prevents the renaturation of the whey proteins. If the crosslinking of the sulfide groups does not occur, the whey proteins can rebond and weaken the gluten network.

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while "doughnut" is used internationally, the spelling "donut" is American. The spelling "donut" remained rare until the 1950s, and has since grown significantly in popularity.

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under influence of French cooks who came to Poland at that time, pączki dough fried in Poland has been improved, so that pączki became lighter, spongier, and more resilient.

2559:, and usually sprinkled with powdered sugar. Variations of the recipe contain slices of apple or other fruits. They are traditionally eaten as part of New Year celebrations. 36: 3583:

being soaked in a spiced syrup and coated in coconut. It has a texture similar to more traditional doughnuts as opposed to the Afrikaans variety. A further variation is the

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The doughnut has made an appearance in popular culture, particularly in the United States and Australia. References extend to objects or actions that are doughnut-shaped.

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is the flow index. Many factors affect dough rheology including the type and volume of ingredients and the force applied during mixing. Dough is usually described as a

983:, which is overall responsible for creating elastic dough because this protein acts as "coiled springs." The gluten network is composed of two separate molecules named 4006:, also known as National Donut Day, celebrated in the United States of America, is on the first Friday of June each year, succeeding the Doughnut Day event created by 4873: 3106:. They are equally popular in Canada. Canadians eat more doughnuts per capita than any other nation and has more doughnuts shops per capita than any other nation. 1155: 5892: 3554:

which are doughnut-shaped fritters made with a squash and sweet potato base. These snacks are almost always served with a drizzle of sweet molasses-based sauce.

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is the prevailing type of doughnut traditionally sold in bakeries, shops, and stalls. However, U.S.-style doughnuts are widely available in larger supermarkets,

4847:: "In 1931, the company opened the first Mayflower doughnut shop in New York City; ultimately, 18 shops were opened across the country—the first retail doughnut 1219: 1199: 1175: 2757:) are a very popular sweet doughnut, with many fast and simple recipes available in Russian cookbooks for making them at home as a breakfast or coffee pastry. 1999:, but they usually do not contain any fruit, except for apple chunks sometimes. They are typical carnival and fair snacks and are coated with powdered sugar. 6903: 3321:

are fritters of various shapes and sizes coated in a sugar syrup. Doughnuts are also made in the home in Iran, referred to as doughnut, even in the plural.

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until the center breaks to form a hole. Alternatively, a doughnut depositor can be used to place a circle of liquid dough (batter) directly into the fryer.

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are fried dough balls similar to filled doughnuts. They are stuffed with chocolate, jam, cheese and other combinations and may be dusted with icing sugar.

6877: 5991: 5710: 646:, which was so-named in 1950, following its 1948 founding under the name Open Kettle (Quincy, Massachusetts), is the oldest surviving company to use the 2022:, but before they were solid shape and filled with jelly (strawberry or peach). The shape is similar to doughnuts in Germany or Poland. They are called 6077: 5969: 3238: 1807:, duck eggs, and sugar that is molded into rope-like strands and then fried in a loose spiral. It has the taste and consistency of a creamy pancake. 5865: 2108:). Made from a doughnut mixture and deep fried, the end product is more akin to a savory doughnut than any pie known in the English-speaking world. 6453: 4789:, p. 233 "At present, "donut" and "doughnut" are both pervasive in American English, but only "doughnut" is listed in Thorndike and Lorge's (1942) 3413:. They come in different versions both as balls and in shape of doughnuts. They are deep-fried and covered in a honey syrup or a kind of frosting. 757: 5405: 4459: 3734:'s love affair with doughnuts is a prominent ongoing joke as well as the focal point of more than a few episodes. There is also a children's book 3159:

are a harvest season specialty, especially at orchards open to tourists, where they can be served fresh. Cider doughnuts are a cake doughnut with

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Originals, Selections, &C. for the Times. Sketches and Views-No. V; The Times, page , vol. I, iss. 8; 30 January 1808; Boston, Massachusetts.

3947:, fresh doughnuts sold by the dozen at local doughnut shops are typically packaged in generic pink boxes. This phenomenon has been attributed to 6925: 3749:

In films, TV shows, and other popular culture references, police officers are associated with doughnuts, depicted as enjoying them during their

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along with coffee. It is sold cold and is sometimes filled with jam (U.S. jelly) or a vanilla sauce. A ring doughnut is also known as simply

2316:, which is spherical and soaked in honey syrup, is available. It is often served with sprinkled cinnamon and grated walnuts or sesame seeds. 7042:

in the still on the "Welcome to Twin Peaks" website and read about it in the article "Twin Peaks Donut Shop Was Called Wagon Wheel Do-Nuts".

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is the most popular Canadian doughnut and coffee franchise, and one of the most successful quick service restaurants in the country. In the

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A recipe for fried dough "nuts" was published, in 1750 England, under the title "How to make Hertfordshire Cakes, Nuts and Pincushions”, in

7099: 4904: 2270: 6380: 5258: 4930: 3470:, they are known as Berliner or Kitchener and often served in cafes. Popular variants include custard-filled doughnuts, and more recently 5379: 3724:, there are four things that make up the code of mask wrestling: honor, family, tradition, and doughnuts. Also, in the television sitcom 3262: 2284:

does not have the typical ring shape of a doughnut, but instead is solid and usually filled with jam, while a ring-shaped variant called

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and granulated sugar. They are also often topped with cake frosting (top only) and sometimes sprinkled with coconut, chopped peanuts, or

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locations were ordered to remain open to serve police and first responders despite the closing of the vast majority of city businesses.

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One of the earliest known literary usages of the term dates to an 1808 short story describing a spread of "fire-cakes and dough-nuts".

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is a sweet pastry of deep-fried dough similar to a doughnut but shaped as a long, thin, ribbed cylinder rather than a ring or sphere.

1610:. Mochi donuts made from glutinous rice flour "typically contain half the amount of calories as the standard cake or yeast doughnut". 926:

include balls, flattened spheres, twists, and other forms. In the northeast United States, bars and twists are usually referred to as

516:, the recipe being given to the dowager Baroness by an acquaintance who transcribed for her the cooking instructions for a "dow nut". 6263: 5918: 3978:

Owing to the success of Ngoy and Yen's business, the color soon became a recognizable standard in California. Due to the locality of

2977:, with the 'doughnut' name being reserved exclusively for the nut-shaped variety. Glazed, twisted rope-shaped doughnuts are known as 1961:), and do not have the typical ring shape, but instead are solid and usually filled with apricot jam (traditional) or vanilla cream ( 743:

before frying. Cake doughnuts are fried for about 90 seconds at approximately 190 to 198 °C (374 to 388 °F), turning once.

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dough that would also be served in a ring-shape. The recipe may have been brought from, or introduced to China, in the 16th century.

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In the mid-1970s, pink doughnut boxes were already a common sight in the eastern and midwestern United States, due to the fact that

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are made of yeast dough containing wheat, rye or buckwheat flour. Traditionally they are baked, but may also be fried. According to

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is a small, sweet, fried cube-shaped or rectangular doughnut which originated in Eastern India but is sold in Trinidad and Tobago.

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flour. The texture can range from soft and fluffy, to sticky and chewy, to hard and crunchy (in the latter case, they are known as

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The Big Book of Health and Fitness: A Practical Guide to Diet, Exercise, Healthy Aging, Illness Prevention, and Sexual Well-Being

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is the malasada. Malasadas were brought to the Hawaiian Islands by early Portuguese settlers, and are a variation on Portugal's

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variation; other chains, such as the defunct Mayflower Doughnut Corporation (1931), did not use that spelling. According to the

5866:"MoDo Hawaii's wildly popular mochi donuts are coming to the Bay Area | Peninsula Foodist | Elena Kadvany | Palo Alto Online |" 4860: 3742: 3376: 7145: 7038:

that his robot co-hosts insisted upon him signing a legal document forbidding any further usage of such jokes in the future.

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food in the recent era, as they are cooked in oil, associated with the holiday account of the miracle of the oil. Traditional

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who began to transform the local doughnut shop industry in 1976. They proved so adept at the business and in training fellow

4863:. Oxford Dictionaries Online (World English) "The beginning of doughnut is spelled dough- (the spelling donut is American)." 1713:"), similar to the doughnuts in Spain and former Spanish colonies. Indigenous versions of the doughnut also exist, like the 5758: 3759: 5560:

Prevention Magazine's Nutrition Advisor: The Ultimate Guide to the Health-Boosting and Health-Harming Factors in Your Diet

5343: 4424: 865:, or other sweet fillings, and often dipped into powdered sugar or topped off with frosting. Common varieties include the 7282: 3174:, a fried, square doughnut served traditionally with powdered sugar. Perhaps the most well-known purveyor of beignets is 499:) in the early 18th century. These doughnuts closely resembled later ones but did not yet have their current ring shape. 276:. It is popular in many countries and is prepared in various forms as a sweet snack that can be homemade or purchased in 6410: 5527: 374:

include balls, flattened spheres, twists, and other forms. Doughnut varieties are also divided into cake (including the

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was cited as having the most doughnut shops per capita (25.3 doughnut shops per 100,000 people) as of 13 January 2010.

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or with vanilla custard. There are now many fillings; cut in half or non-filled knots with sugar and cinnamon on top.

1478:, which is typically pretzel-shaped, is made by deep frying batter in oil and soaking it in sugar syrup. A variant of 7243: 7039: 6213: 5943: 5316: 4183: 3646: 3250: 3199: 62: 7163: 7053: 4520: 3628: 1661:

Doughnuts are available at most bakeries across Pakistan. The Navaz Sharif variety, available mainly in the city of

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but denser with a doughnut-like texture and usually prepared with sugar sprinkled on top, is normally available in

6724: 6021: 4259: 3982:, the pink boxes frequently appeared as film and television props and were thus transmitted into popular culture. 2969:

Two shop-bought lightly glazed yum-yums on a plate. On average they are 12–14 cm (4.7–5.5 in) in length.

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is from Southern Vietnam and is a ball-shaped, deep-fried pastry coated entirely in sesame seeds and containing a

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hole in the center of dough with the ship's tin pepper box, and to have later taught the technique to his mother.

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Mobile vans that serve doughnuts, traditional or jam, are often seen at spectator events, markets, carnivals and

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is ring-shaped, but the well in the center does not go all the way through to form a hole typical of a doughnut.

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A diagram of a phospholipid molecule, which is responsible for the emulsifying properties of lecithin in egg yolk

44: 3000: 2433: 1323:; originally, it was made with egg white instead of dough. Many Chinese cultures make a chewy doughnut known as 198: 6771:

Epic air fryer cookbook : 100 inspired recipes that take air frying in deliciously exciting new directions

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Doughnuts are ubiquitous in the United States and can be found in most grocery stores, as well as in specialty

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for frying. The dough is allowed to rise for approximately 30 minutes, resulting in an extremely light pastry.

1681: 6201: 5999: 5893:"Never heard of a mochi donut, or dying to get your hands on one? Either way, a Sartell baker has you covered" 4994: 4885:"'Old Salt' Doughnut hole inventor tells just how discovery was made and stomachs of earth saved." Special to 7182: 6674: 6631: 6573: 6558: 3120:

Immigrants have brought various doughnut varieties to the United States. To celebrate Fat Tuesday in eastern

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Along with these Indian variants, typical varieties of doughnuts are also available from U.S. chains such as

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cream-filled doughnut is round and robust, managing to keep the cream inside liquified. They are popular in

1101:. This property measures the ability of the dough to flow. It can be represented by the power law equation: 1085:, but they are high in sugar and calories. Steps to improve the healthfulness of doughnuts include removing 386:. They are sold at doughnut shops, convenience stores, petrol/gas stations, cafes or fast food restaurants. 7022: 6933: 6085: 5629: 3924: 3875: 2837:(the latter name is typical in the Canary Islands), made of fermented dough and fried or baked in an oven. 1904:

is a sesame-topped, deep-fried pastry that is hallow. It can be eaten alone or cut in half and served with

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The interchangeability of the two spellings can be found in a series of "National Donut Week" articles in

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Police officers in South Korea eating doughnuts. Police officers liking doughnuts is a common stereotype.

358:. Once fried, doughnuts may be glazed with a sugar icing, spread with icing or chocolate, or topped with 6457: 6202:"As American as Jackrabbit Adobo: Cooking, Eating, and Becoming Filipina/o American before World War II" 5589:– via Faculty of Biosystem Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. 3527:) doughnut is popular in Chile because of the large German community. It may be filled with jam or with 1397:

There are a couple of unrelated doughnut-shaped food items. A savory, fried, ring-shaped snack called a

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and whey proteins to absorb excess water is essential to prolonging the doughnut's freshness. The major

468: 220: 8155: 6851: 4085: 1787:). They are sprinkled with white sugar, but can also be topped with sesame seeds or caramelized sugar. 1260:(នំបុ័ងកង់), the traditional Cambodian doughnut, is named after its shape – the word ‘កង់’ (pronounced 1242: 923: 371: 209: 3967:

color rather than the standard white, but settled on a leftover pink stock because of its lower cost.

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Per capita, Canadians consume the most doughnuts, and Canada has the most doughnut stores per capita.

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In regions of the country where apples are widely grown, especially the Northeast and Midwest states,

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The malasada is a common type of holeless donut created in Portugal. They are made of fried dough. In

8160: 908: 794: 400: 273: 165: 145: 83: 6155: 3808:, is notable for being owned and operated by current and former members of the city's police force. 1519:, a ring-shaped fritter made from flour and mashed potatoes, coated in powder sugar or icing sugar. 1464:, is made from flour, deep fried in clarified butter, and dipped in sugar syrup. Unlike a doughnut, 8165: 6989: 6520: 6506: 3845: 3782: 3682: 2555:, referred to in cookbooks as "Dutch doughnuts", are a type of fritter, with or without raisins or 1332: 8084: 7260: 6954: 5170:

Homemade doughnuts : techniques and recipes for making sublime doughnuts in your home kitchen

4285: 1104: 1026:

An animated sucrose molecule, which is a disaccharide, responsible for the sweetness of a doughnut

7275: 7187: 4095: 3959:

refugees to follow suit that these local doughnut shops soon dominated native franchises such as

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doughnut sellers to produce bite-sized versions of non-ring doughnuts, such as filled doughnuts,

798: 5046:

In 1976, the genius Timbits were launched: doughnut 'holes', or small, round bitesized doughnuts

3818:

sketch comedy "The Great White North" featuring the fictional stereotypically Canadian brothers

1930:

is covered with a sugar glaze after being deep-fried and its mung bean paste filling includes a

338:

The two most common types are the ring doughnut and the filled doughnut, which is injected with

31:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

8253: 8170: 7646: 7117: 6388: 5278: 4080: 3979: 3819: 3815: 2957:

points to German cuisine, and these buns were possibly created by German colonists in Ukraine.

2189:, literally "bump", is the French and New Orleans equivalent of a doughnut: a pastry made from 1335:

sometimes serve small fried pastries similar to doughnut holes with condensed milk as a sauce.

915: 462: 417:. Similar types of fried dough recipes have either spread to, or originated, in other parts of 375: 289: 5559: 5505: 5383: 4805: 4688: 4549: 4173: 3999:

A World War I propaganda poster featuring The Salvation Army's making of donuts during the war

2583:

is more common than U.S.-style doughnut, and sold in most supermarkets and bakeries alongside

1971:

are also made of yeast dough, and have a thick outside ring, but are very thin in the middle.

8186: 7571: 7003: 5839: 5683: 4454: 4374: 4208: 4003: 3879: 3459: 3076: 2720: 1666: 866: 793:

After frying, ring doughnuts are often topped. Raised doughnuts are generally covered with a

512:, was found in a book of recipes and domestic tips written around 1800, by the wife of Baron 7072: 6129: 5471: 5306: 4604: 8191: 7631: 6344: 3960: 1421:

flours rather than wheat flour. In North India, it is in the form of a bulging disc called

1140: 919: 379: 7096: 1488:, is shaped with a small ring in the center around which a geometric pattern is arranged. 1359:(油炸鬼, "ghosts fried in oil"). These pastries are lightly salted and are often served with 708:: doughnuts in two shapes; doughnut holes; glazed doughnuts; and a pink Christmas doughnut 638:

that covered the 1939 World's Fair. In four articles beginning 9 October, two mention the

8: 7752: 7717: 7671: 5532: 5510: 3944: 3920: 3801: 3455: 3226: 3084: 2950: 2221: 1341:

features long, deep-fried doughnut sticks that are often quite oily, hence their name in

1061: 6967: 6362: 6051: 5657:"American doughnut makers Krispy Kreme and Dunkin' Donuts now play out rivalry in India" 4660: 2644: 2116:

Doughnuts similar to the Berliner are prepared in the northern Balkans, particularly in

1394:

is made of sweetened, deep-fried flour balls. A leavening agent may or may not be used.

760:

surmises that the shape came from recipes that called for the dough to be shaped like a

8248: 8227: 7611: 7268: 7054:"Dunkin' Donuts in Certain Boston Areas Stay Open to Serve Police During City Lockdown" 7034: 6797: 5196: 5085: 4007: 3952: 3883: 3854: 3736: 3589:, which is also dough deep fried in oil. It is served with mince, syrup, honey or jam. 3439: 2938: 2429: 2125: 1800: 1588: 1391: 1352: 1204: 1184: 1160: 1078: 894: 842: 634: 622: 476: 7026:, cop/donut jokes were used so prevalently by the host Joel during the viewing of the 6559:

Nederlands Centrum voor Volkscultuur, Federatie voor Volkskunde in Vlaanderen (2005).

6432: 5579:"Rheometric Measurement of Dough Rheological Characteristics and Factors Affecting It" 3670: 1546: 529:

A History of New York, from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty

8119: 7916: 7636: 7249: 7239: 7219: 7030: 6785: 6775: 6704: 6539: 6209: 5726: 5689: 5477: 5312: 5270: 5236: 5226: 5222:

A baker's field guide to doughnuts : more than 60 warm and fresh homemade treats

5184: 5174: 5037: 5027: 4972: 4962: 4825: 4782: 4761: 4736: 4676: 4555: 4239: 4179: 4148: 4060: 3971: 3956: 3795: 3710: 3678: 3463: 3049: 2626:, the round, jam-filled doughnuts eaten especially—though not exclusively—during the 2580: 2385: 2209: 2055: 1953: 1844: 1670: 1499:

retail outlets, as well as local brands such as Mad Over Donuts and the Donut Baker.

1496: 1342: 1285: 822: 643: 564: 524: 315:

can also be used. Various toppings and flavors are used for different types, such as

111: 7164:"Why are doughnut boxes pink? The answer could only come out of Southern California" 3995: 2233:(which is often found misleading by people in the rest of Germany, who use the word 7951: 7906: 7832: 7676: 7596: 7566: 7356: 5537: 4710: 4075: 3547: 3080: 2746: 2728: 2330: 2121: 1948: 1640: 1568: 1293: 870: 756:, wrote that "the now-standard doughnut’s hole is still up for debate. Food writer 687: 422: 418: 312: 242: 6878:"How The Israeli Sufganiyah, Or Jelly Doughnut, Got Its Start As A Hanukkah Treat" 5111: 3882:

celebrates the doughnut's history and role in popular culture. There is a race in

3720: 3620: 2826:, is a U.S.-style doughnut, i.e., a deep-fried, sweet, soft, ring of flour dough. 585:

is here used in the earlier sense of "small rounded cake or cookie", also seen in

8201: 8134: 7661: 7103: 7027: 6311: 4613: 4142: 3805: 3467: 3220:

Powdered, glazed and chocolate doughnuts from a variety pack sold at supermarkets

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time, but is to be found in most bakeries during the whole year. The most famous

2639: 2615: 2419: 2129: 2117: 1980: 1516: 1338: 1222: 1097:

An important property of the dough that affects the final product is the dough's

936:, a square-shaped doughnut covered with powdered sugar, commonly associated with 854: 761: 751: 593:

is the traditional spelling and still dominates even in the United States though

513: 488: 408: 339: 328: 7866: 4496: 4350:"Glazed America: Anthropologist Examines Doughnut as Symbol of Consumer Culture" 4010:

in 1938 to honor those of their members who served doughnuts to soldiers during

3132:(or Fasnacht). The treats are so popular there that Fat Tuesday is often called 3091:

are some of the varieties eaten in the United States and Canada. There are also

1429:, sprinkled with spices and sliced vegetables, and topped with a sweet and sour 726: 7931: 7772: 7747: 7651: 7626: 7591: 5354: 4199: 3790:

shop, where only policemen are allowed. During a citywide "lockdown" after the

3535: 3371: 3156: 3088: 2858:

are commonly served dusted in sugar as a snack or with a cup of hot chocolate.

2754: 2517: 2370: 2019: 1778: 1554: 1320: 1273: 1233:

are measurements which depend on the type of force being applied to the dough.

1066: 878: 817: 578: 404: 359: 355: 343: 7234:

Moreira, Rosana G.; M. Elena Castell-Perez; Maria A. Barrufet (30 June 1999).

7233: 6789: 6418: 5840:"Mochi Donuts Are the Japanese and American Pastry Hybrid Sweeping the Nation" 4626: 2280:) in southern and middle Germany and on New Year's Eve in northern Germany. A 8242: 8079: 8029: 7911: 7455: 7450: 7416: 5274: 5266: 5240: 5188: 5041: 4976: 4235: 4055: 3887: 3731: 3674: 3490: 3179: 3133: 3125: 2905: 2572: 2556: 2047: 1967: 1896: 1831: 1709: 1603: 1434: 1082: 1059:

Doughnuts are unhealthful, though some are less so than others. According to

509: 496: 440:

in 1485, offers a recipe for "Gefüllte Krapfen", stuffed, fried dough cakes.

194: 115: 7782: 7253: 6229: 6107: 4585: 4349: 3117:. They are small, eggy balls of yeast dough deep-fried and coated in sugar. 43:

any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

8129: 8124: 8059: 7891: 7530: 7520: 7460: 6769: 6331:"Ich bin ein Berliner – Step by step to Mini-Krapfen » delicious:days" 5564: 3824: 3767:

is instructing new recruits how to "properly" consume their doughnuts with

3750: 3726: 3568: 3447: 3414: 3281: 3205: 3121: 2872: 2842: 2818:, there are two different types of doughnuts. The first one, simply called 2648: 2480: 2193: 2100: 2072: 2051: 1991: 1985: 1906: 1853:(雙胞胎, lit. "twins") is two pieces of dough wrapped together before frying. 1849: 1607: 1598: 1584: 1536: 1492: 1325: 1226: 1039: 1016: 903: 459: 448: 5220: 5168: 5021: 4956: 8139: 8114: 8044: 7996: 7971: 7961: 7707: 7621: 7576: 7515: 7490: 7440: 7396: 7299: 6588: 6285: 4065: 4045: 4031: 4011: 3811: 3489:

In New Zealand, the doughnut is a popular food snack available in corner

3366: 3175: 3160: 3060: 2867: 2668: 2546: 2190: 1886: 1819: 1814: 1593: 1563: 1550: 1532: 1399: 1003: 937: 898: 826: 472: 354:, or other sweet fillings. Small pieces of dough are sometimes cooked as 324: 308: 281: 225: 7822: 7812: 1699: 571:"balls of sweetened dough, fried in hog's fat, and called dough-nuts, or 454: 8074: 7986: 7666: 7616: 7525: 7445: 7420: 7391: 7331: 7146:"Dunkin' Donuts Returns to SoCal; First Location Opens in Santa Monica" 6029: 4547: 4110: 3841: 3778: 3773: 3573: 3349: 3335: 3033: 3029: 3004: 2551: 2537: 2204: 1804: 1689: 1580: 1304: 1230: 1086: 1074: 1030: 586: 573: 332: 304: 285: 7847: 7727: 7581: 7351: 2601: 2165: 1685: 8069: 8024: 7921: 7842: 7837: 7827: 7817: 7792: 7722: 7656: 7641: 7561: 7545: 7480: 7430: 7401: 7376: 7341: 7321: 5606: 4105: 3579: 3551: 3451: 3167: 3145: 3129: 2933: 2922: 2707: 2568: 2505: 2470: 2424: 2311: 1915: 1809: 1789: 1756: 1750: 1508: 1456: 1383: 1178: 992: 806: 437: 367: 320: 175: 106: 8064: 8054: 7936: 7807: 7777: 7762: 4931:"What Is the Difference Between Cake Doughnuts and Yeast Doughnuts?" 4090: 3754: 3631:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 3417:

are also used for flavor and decoration along with orange juice and

3137: 3114: 2689: 2643:). Pączki have been known in Poland at least since the Middle Ages. 2631: 2607: 2596: 2513: 2396: 8094: 8089: 8039: 8034: 7901: 7757: 7495: 7475: 7465: 7386: 7366: 7361: 7346: 7290: 6701:

Culinary Landmarks: A Bibliography of Canadian Cookbooks, 1825–1949

6204:. In Robert Ji-Song Ku; Martin F. Manalansan; Anita Mannur (eds.). 5633: 5578: 4733:

Why is English like that?: historical answers to hard ELT questions

4450:"Mmmm...dow nuts! The sweet treat has been traced back to Hertford" 4328:"History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places | Smithsonian" 3948: 3848:

largest doughnut made up of 90,000 individual doughnuts was set in

3434: 3397:

is a similar pastry eaten sprinkled with sugar or soaked in honey.

3369:. However, many other varieties exist, with some being filled with 3358: 3340: 3064: 2807: 2776: 2766: 2676: 2627: 2576: 2489: 2453: 2449: 2346: 2276: 2159: 1958: 1873: 1825: 1715: 1631: 1368: 1364: 1269: 1098: 1070: 1012: 984: 874: 802: 363: 3577:

is popular. Another variation, similar in name, is the Cape Malay

3140:, is popular in U.S. cities with large Polish communities such as 1722: 8006: 8001: 7991: 7941: 7852: 7802: 7797: 7767: 7712: 7681: 7606: 7540: 7535: 7470: 7371: 7336: 7295: 7017: 6603:

Street Food Around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture

4758:

Communication skills: stepladders to success for the professional

4538: 4232:

Donut Nation: A Cross-Country Guide to America's Best Donut Shops

4070: 3585: 3471: 3418: 3406: 3388: 3317: 3303: 3298: 3171: 3149: 3141: 3096: 2928: 2788: 2784: 2660: 2623: 2619: 2475: 2444: 2438: 2413: 2390: 2238: 2216: 2185: 2171: 2080: 2043: 1931: 1868: 1783: 1769: 1737: 1662: 1440: 1430: 1347: 1312: 1308: 988: 933: 928: 890: 862: 838: 546: 351: 183: 7966: 7742: 5380:"Krispy Kreme - Doughnuts, Coffee, Sundaes, Shakes & Drinks" 2965: 2325: 2158:

for this pastry. In Croatia, they are especially popular during

901:' doughnut menu since the chain's inception in 1964, and a 1991 378:) and yeast-risen doughnuts. Doughnuts are often accompanied by 8049: 7981: 7956: 7787: 7737: 7732: 7686: 7601: 7586: 7510: 7485: 7411: 7406: 7381: 7326: 4425:"Everything You Need to Know About the Great American Doughnut" 4100: 4050: 3849: 3768: 3529: 3354: 3311: 3186: 3110: 3052: 2897: 2850: 2716: 2672: 2664: 2485: 2461: 2374: 2342: 2306: 2226: 2138: 2066: 2031: 2007: 1795: 1728: 1587:

is one of the most popular doughnut chains in Japan. Native to

1484: 1474: 1418: 1414: 1360: 1035: 980: 444: 300:

is the simplified version; the terms are used interchangeably.

277: 269: 205: 139: 6536:

The sensible cook: Dutch foodways in the Old and the New World

4779:

A Rich, Deliciously Satisfying Collection of Breakfast Recipes

1665:, is covered in chocolate and filled with cream, similar to a 7976: 7926: 7896: 7691: 7505: 7500: 7435: 7425: 4527:. The passage occurs in book 3, chapter 3 of Irving's satire. 4260:"Doughnuts: a German creation from the 1400s – @GermanyinUSA" 4120: 4115: 4040: 3777:, where the police station is always in large supply. In the 3508: 3478: 3462:, where they are a tradition. Jam doughnuts are similar to a 3393: 3244:

Elegant doughnut served at a wedding breakfast in Miami Beach

3056: 2973:

In some parts of Scotland, ring doughnuts are referred to as

2815: 2802: 2771: 2532: 2338: 2334: 1636: 1540: 1379: 1284:

A few sweet, doughnut-style pastries are regional in nature.

858: 744: 736: 347: 316: 179: 79: 4025: 3329: 3048:

are similar to doughnuts, including the name; the dona is a

2701: 2046:, U.S.-style doughnuts may be found at various stores, e.g. 7946: 7004:"This is Why Doughnuts Are Associated with Police Officers" 6968:"Koeksisters: South Africa's twisted and delicious dessert" 5811:"Mochi doughnuts are sweet, chewy and delightfully uniform" 4483:

The Donut: history, recipes, and lore from Boston to Berlin

3689: 2829:

The second type of doughnut is a traditional pastry called

2465: 2358: 2354: 1649: 1426: 1048: 676: 383: 257: 251: 7106:. News.com.au (5 December 2007). Retrieved 22 August 2013. 3708:. In video games, the doughnut has appeared in games like 2408: 1022: 797:(icing). Cake doughnuts can also be glazed, powdered with 504:

The Country Housewife’s Family Companion by William Ellis.

5944:"Japanese mochi doughnut chain opening new RiNo location" 5308:

Food Oils and Fats: Technology, Utilization and Nutrition

4309: 3268:

Doughnuts on a plate in Brooklyn, New York City, New York

2791: 2362: 2350: 1446:

Sweet pastries similar to old-fashioned doughnuts called

1409: 914:

There are many other specialized doughnut shapes such as

897:, which are usually glazed. These have been available on 6286:"【記憶裡的古早味】雙胞胎、甜甜圈、麻花捲，中式點心的八里夢工廠 - 文化銀行｜BANK OF CULTURE" 4521:

Doughnut Or Donut? The Great Spelling Debate Of Our Time

3963:. Ngoy and Yen allegedly planned to purchase boxes of a 667: 6563:. Nederlands Centrum voor Volkscultuur. pp. 29–32. 4961:. New York: Oxford University Press, USA. p. 201. 1329:(雙包胎), which consists of two conjoined balls of dough. 7213: 5460:. 2nd ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2008. Print. 1957:. They are especially popular during Carnival season ( 1865:, also known as Thai donuts, a version of the Chinese 6619:(Gainesville: The University of Florida Press, 2008). 6199: 5470:

Phillips, Glyn O.; Williams, P A (9 September 2011).

5141:. No. Section: Food. p. B.3. Archived from 4905:"You're Either a Cake Doughnut Person or a Yeast One" 2740: 2241:, which is also the literal translation of it). Both 1639:

homemade, ring-shaped, rice doughnut prepared during

1207: 1187: 1163: 1143: 1107: 907:

report found these two were the chain's most popular

853:

Filled doughnuts are flattened spheres injected with

550:: a Dutch delicacy of "sweetened cake fried in fat." 254: 6480:

Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged

5786:"Okinawan cuisine: The Japanese food you don't know" 5463: 4893:(1877–1954), Washington, D.C.; 26 March 1916; p. ES9 4021: 3852:

in 2007 as part of a celebration for the release of

3446:

In Australia, the doughnut is a popular snack food.

2787:

in central Slovenia, and are originally filled with

2512:

is widely known. Some spurgos are similar to Polish

2229:

itself and neighboring areas, where they are called

995:, allowing the gluten matrix to trap the gas cells. 260: 248: 6627: 6625: 6600: 6176: 5342:Czernohorsky, J. H.; Hooker, R. (6 November 2016). 2268:

and are especially popular during Carnival season (

1817:. Other fried dough desserts include the mesh-like 724:states that his mother, Elizabeth Gregory, "made a 577:." These "nuts" of fried dough might now be called 523:One of the earliest mentions of "dough-nut" was in 245: 78:This article is about the food. For the shape, see 5583:International Journal of Agriculture & Biology 5341: 4803: 4548:Frederic Gomes Cassidy; Joan Houston Hall (1985). 3511:jelly) or milk cream, and covered by white sugar. 2775:, is very popular. It is the typical sweet during 1213: 1193: 1169: 1149: 1129: 6816: 6179:"Doon Po Sa Amin: Kinikilala Ang Pagkaing Muslim" 6154:. ChoosePhilippines. 30 July 2013. Archived from 5060:"Ever wondered why there are holes in doughnuts?" 2984:In Northern Ireland, ring doughnuts are known as 2679:. The malasada arrived after immigrants came in. 1591:is a spheroid pastry similar to doughnuts called 1403:is often referred to as the Indian doughnut. The 1272:to build his doughnut empire, inspiring the film 766:Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People 458:Glazed doughnuts rolling on a conveyor belt at a 8240: 6698: 6622: 5469: 5351:New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research 3844:is Australia's largest retailer of doughnuts. A 3409:, traditional pastries similar to doughnuts are 2492:there is a particular donut, a ring cake called 6852:"Why Jelly Doughnuts Are Eaten During Hanukkah" 6634:. Archives.cbc.ca. Retrieved on 22 August 2013. 5622: 5078: 4653:"The American Heritage Dictionary entry: donut" 4651:Company, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing. 4480: 3771:. It is also parodied in the television series 3288: 1910:, a gelatinous cake, placed inside the pastry. 413:, using cheese, honey, and poppy seeds, called 7236:Deep Fat Frying: Fundamentals and Applications 7174: 7040:See one of the most spectacular "donut scenes" 5252: 5250: 3828:), doughnuts play a role in the duo's comedy. 3438:Custard-filled doughnut served by Il Fornaio, 2225:(sg. and pl.), but not in the capital city of 7276: 7115: 7051: 6642: 6640: 6591:. Slovenia.info. Retrieved on 22 August 2013. 6533: 6078:"Cascaron – Bitsu-Bitsu (Dough Balls) Recipe" 5576: 3917:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies 3339:in a wide variety of toppings at a bakery in 2614:In Poland and parts of the U.S. with a large 2333:cake. The most commonly used ingredients are 1669:. Doughnuts can readily be found at the many 479:, which made doughnuts for soldiers in Europe 6672: 5731:アンドーナツ 1983年12月発売口どけのよいイースト生地に、練りあんを詰めました。 5648: 4551:Dictionary of American Regional English: I-O 2841:were purportedly introduced in Spain by the 2264:. In southern Germany, they are also called 1995:in French, are similar to the Dutch kind of 1571:doughnut") is widely available at bakeries. 483: 148:, yeast-raised, American-style ring doughnut 7118:"Providence still doughnut capital of U.S." 6703:. University of Toronto Press. p. 99. 6206:Eating Asian America: A Food Studies Reader 5593: 5247: 4958:Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink 4844:Collection of Doughnut Ephemera, 1920s–1987 4797: 4731:Norbert Schmitt and Richard Marsden (2006) 3170:, a popular variety of the doughnut is the 3070: 2992:being an archaic term for hot cooking oil. 2647:has described that during the reign of the 1922:is from Northern Vietnam and is similar to 327:glazing. Doughnuts may also include water, 7283: 7269: 6802:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6649:"Canada's holey icon: Our eyes glaze over" 6637: 5759:"A Baker's Dozen Amazing Global Doughnuts" 5201:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3927:this issue before removing this message. 3365:are filled with red jelly and topped with 2058:, however, is also available in bakeries. 2018:U.S.-style doughnuts are available in the 1884:Vietnamese varieties of doughnuts include 1744:Other native doughnut recipes include the 1264:in Khmer) literally means “wheel”, whilst 958:according to the following equation: NaHCO 536:city, excepting in genuine Dutch families. 138: 7183:"A holey holiday - National Doughnut Day" 6646: 6617:Glazed America: A History of the Doughnut 5599: 5521: 5519: 4928: 4144:Glazed America: A History of the Doughnut 3985: 3647:Learn how and when to remove this message 2288:is common in Berlin and eastern Germany. 1861:In Thailand, a popular breakfast food is 508:A recipe labelled "dow nuts", again from 63:Learn how and when to remove this message 6692: 6177:Leslie Joyce Belais (27 December 2012). 5528:"Dunkin' Donuts Dumping Most Trans Fats" 4791:The Teacher's Word Book of 30,000 Words. 4322: 4320: 4302: 4175:The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets 3994: 3990: 3669: 3658: 3450:are particularly popular, especially in 3433: 3328: 3297: 2999: 2964: 2801: 2700: 2600: 2531: 2407: 2256:In middle Germany, doughnuts are called 2203: 2065: 2006: 1813:are simple fried dough balls covered in 1721: 1680: 1545: 1526: 1390:In India, an old-fashioned sweet called 1378: 1333:Chinese restaurants in the United States 1021: 1002: 998: 775: 605:are both pervasive in American English. 558: 467: 453: 219: 7070: 6193: 5919:"Mochi Doughnut Craze Coming to Convoy" 5681: 5256: 5225:. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Common Press. 5105: 5057: 4902: 4810:. Stanton and Van Vliet. pp. 107–. 4422: 4305:"The complex origin of beloved churros" 4178:. Oxford University Press. April 2015. 4140: 2384:pastry is of the same origin as German 1433:. In South India, a vada is eaten with 1355:, this doughnut-style pastry is called 764:– a once common ring-shaped cookie. In 8241: 6846: 6844: 6817:Jessica Steinberg (19 December 2003). 6767: 6574:Recipes for Russian and other ponchiki 5890: 5834: 5832: 5600:Manmadhan, Prema (20 September 2007). 5525: 5516: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5337: 5335: 5304: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5218: 5019: 4929:Chevriere, Maryse (22 February 2020). 4391:"Hertfordshire: home of the doughnut?" 3831: 3705:Tour de Donut: Gluttons for Punishment 3571:, an Afrikaans variation known as the 3353:(סופגניה, pl. sufganiyot סופגניות) in 2903:is a sweet doughnut commonly eaten as 2219:, the doughnut equivalents are called 1707:, and sometimes confusingly known as " 1288:features an oval-shaped pastry called 1236: 948: 7264: 7180: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5708: 5654: 5428: 5426: 5214: 5212: 5166: 5162: 5160: 4954: 4903:Preston, Marguerite (26 April 2016). 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4317: 4229: 4212:. Translated by William P. Thayer. 79 4168: 4166: 4164: 4141:Mullins, Paul R. (7 September 2008). 3592: 3557: 2638: 2516:, but some specific recipes, such as 973: 335:, and natural or artificial flavors. 75:Sweet food made from deep-fried dough 6632:The unofficial national sugary snack 6292:(in Chinese (Taiwan)). 30 March 2018 6247: 6170: 6144: 6122: 5476:. Cambridge: Woodhead. pp. 1–. 5132: 4223: 3897: 3760:Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol 3596: 3193:are traditional Christmas desserts. 2111: 2030:in plural). They may be filled with 608: 567:described "dough-nuts", in his 1809 544:was almost certainly related to the 90: 15: 7071:Johnson, Elizabeth (5 March 2013). 6841: 6486: 5916: 5829: 5783: 5630:"Donut variations around the world" 5439: 5332: 5293: 5135:"Tim Hortons fans dunk our results" 4781:, Just My Best Publishing Company, 4650: 4616:in the American Heritage Dictionary 4485:. Chicago Review Press. p. 30. 4342: 3921:create a more balanced presentation 3743:The Doughnut in Granny's Greenhouse 3011: 2154:, a name derived from the Austrian 296:is the traditional spelling, while 13: 7865: 7207: 7132:"Iconic Packaging: Dunkin' Donuts" 6601:Kraig, Bruce; Colleen Taylor Sen. 6521:"Ricetta Lorica (Ciambella sarda)" 6328: 6256:"4 Must-Eat K'Gan Muslim Desserts" 6132:. Ping Desserts. 29 September 2012 6100: 5736: 5423: 5209: 5157: 4583: 4409: 4161: 3886:, featuring doughnuts, called the 2488:and many others. In the island of 1951:, doughnut equivalents are called 1926:; however, the difference is that 1296:", due to its tongue-like shape). 922:(a rectangular shape), or twists. 14: 8265: 6538:. Syracuse UP. pp. 121–122. 6507:"Greek honey balls (loukoumades)" 6482:. HarperCollins Publishers. 2003. 5784:Joe, Melinda (30 November 2017). 5257:Masibay, Kimberly Y. (May 2008). 4458:. 24 October 2013. Archived from 3280:Strawberry flavor mochi donut by 3059:, commonly covered with powdered 2960: 2769:, a jam-filled doughnut known as 2098:A savory form of doughnut is the 2002: 1673:branches spread across Pakistan. 1311:Cantonese restaurants. An oilier 1303:(沙翁), which is also similar to a 1092: 1054: 224:Doughnuts in a display case at a 8222: 8221: 7156: 7138: 7124: 7109: 7090: 7064: 7045: 7010: 6996: 6978: 6960: 6957:. theage.com.au. 5 February 2004 6948: 6918: 6896: 6870: 6810: 6761: 6743: 6717: 6673:Luke Pyenson (10 October 2007). 6666: 6609: 6253: 5311:. New York: Chapman & Hall. 5026:. New York: Simon and Schuster. 4735:, University of Michigan Press, 4423:Galarza, Daniela (28 May 2015). 4198: 4024: 3902: 3869: 3601: 3496: 3273: 3261: 3249: 3237: 3225: 3213: 3198: 2995: 2524:), were invented independently. 789:The process of glazing doughnuts 695: 686: 675: 666: 495:("oil(y) cake") to New York (or 241: 204: 193: 95: 20: 7214:Jones, Charlotte Foltz (1991). 7116:Chris Barrett (22 March 2014). 7052:Catherine New (19 April 2013). 6725:"De meilleurs beignes de Noël?" 6594: 6582: 6567: 6552: 6527: 6513: 6499: 6472: 6446: 6433:"English to Finnish dictionary" 6425: 6403: 6373: 6355: 6337: 6322: 6304: 6278: 6222: 6070: 6044: 6014: 5984: 5970:"Malaysian sweet potato donuts" 5962: 5936: 5910: 5891:Kocher, Sarah (24 April 2021). 5884: 5858: 5803: 5777: 5719: 5702: 5675: 5577:MIRSAEEDGHAZI, HOSSEIN (2008). 5570: 5551: 5526:JEWELL, MARK (27 August 2007). 5497: 5436:. Chicago: Siebel, 1952. Print. 5398: 5372: 5126: 5099: 5051: 5013: 4987: 4948: 4922: 4896: 4879: 4866: 4854: 4835: 4814: 4771: 4750: 4725: 4695: 4644: 4619: 4598: 4577: 4568: 4530: 4514: 4489: 4474: 4442: 4383: 4368: 4303:Randolph, Mike (17 June 2020). 4286:"The Hidden History of Churros" 4147:. University Press of Florida. 3562: 3375:(particularly common after the 2309:, a doughnut-like snack called 2083:, a sweet doughnut is called a 1799:-like native doughnut from the 1736:), a doughnut variant from the 884: 613:The first known printed use of 6200:Dawn Bohulano Mabalon (2013). 6130:"Shakoy or Lubid-Lubid Recipe" 6110:. Pinoy Recipes. 15 March 2014 5917:Woo, Candice (19 April 2021). 5685:Sukses Wirausaha Jajan Favorit 5058:Stewart, Jock (18 July 2017). 4296: 4278: 4252: 4192: 4134: 3951:and Ning Yen, refugees of the 3874:Within the United States, the 3836: 3757:has been parodied in the film 3484: 2861: 2527: 2249:are abbreviations of the term 1676: 1: 7230:Origins of the doughnut hole. 6774:. Beverly. pp. 154–155. 6456:. 9 July 2013. Archived from 6230:"Lokot-Lokot - Filipino Food" 6022:"Dunkin Donuts Pakistan Menu" 5715:. Kadokawa / 中経出版. p. 1. 5688:. Niaga Swadaya. p. 48. 5434:Baking Science and Technology 4995:"A history of Dunkin' Donuts" 4127: 3893: 3023: 1315:variant of this called 高力豆沙, 394: 7238:. Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen. 7181:Fagan, Kevin (6 June 2009). 7023:Mystery Science Theater 3000 6312:"Thai Donuts, 'Pa Thong Ko'" 5655:Jacob, Sarah (23 May 2012). 5108:"The history of Tim Hortons" 3876:Providence metropolitan area 3692:, the doughnut has inspired 3429: 3379:early in the 21st century). 3357:, have become a traditional 3289:Middle East and North Africa 3189:, homemade doughnuts called 3067:, white sugar or chocolate. 2508:, a kind of doughnut called 2499: 1965:). A second variant, called 1692:filling from the Philippines 1502: 1130:{\displaystyle \tau =kD^{n}} 553: 475:propaganda poster featuring 290:franchised specialty vendors 45:Knowledge's inclusion policy 7: 6757:. London. 27 February 2011. 6647:Alex Beam (12 April 2008). 6345:"Bauernkrapfen (In German)" 5709:平間洋一; et al. (2010). 5602:"North Indian mirch masala" 5133:Kane, Marion (1 May 1991). 4822:Donuts: an American passion 4804:George Wilbur Peck (1900). 4591:Online Etymology Dictionary 4554:. Harvard UP. p. 874. 4017: 3627:the claims made and adding 3136:. The Polish doughnut, the 3087:, cinnamon, chocolate, and 3075:Frosted, glazed, powdered, 2953:, the technology of making 2760: 2741: 2654: 1856: 1656: 1613: 1252: 597:is often used. At present, 443:The Spanish and Portuguese 104:It has been suggested that 10: 8270: 8156:List of doughnut varieties 6208:. NYU Press. p. 169. 5259:"Taking Control of Gluten" 4206:[On Agriculture]. 4086:List of doughnut varieties 3424: 3400: 3382: 3347:Jelly doughnuts, known as 3256:Chocolate-frosted doughnut 3095:(sometimes referred to as 2920: 2916: 2682: 2594: 2319: 2199: 2061: 2037: 1974: 1942: 1879: 1647:is traditionally fried in 1243:List of doughnut varieties 1240: 943: 771: 389: 331:, eggs, milk, sugar, oil, 77: 8217: 8179: 8161:List of fried dough foods 8148: 8107: 8015: 7884: 7877: 7863: 7700: 7554: 7314: 7307: 7120:Providence Business News. 6699:Elizabeth Driver (2008). 6675:"A Match Made In October" 6496:, Oxford University Press 5473:Handbook of Food Proteins 5406:"Donuts - Dunkin' Donuts" 5344:"The Chemistry of Baking" 4955:Smith, Andrew F. (2007). 4807:Peck's bad boy and his pa 3943:In the US, especially in 3861: 3533:, the Chilean version of 3501: 3324: 3039: 2942: 2887: 2783:come from the village of 2750: 2735:, plural form of пончик, 2732: 2711:filled with sour cherries 2696: 2590: 2562: 2300: 2178: 1937: 1838: 1829:, and the banana fritter 1726:The distinctively shaped 1579:, except it contains red 1157:is the tangentic stress, 848: 706:Clockwise from upper left 619:Peck's Bad Boy and his Pa 484:England and North America 189: 171: 161: 153: 137: 121:Proposed since June 2024. 84:Doughnut (disambiguation) 8166:List of deep fried foods 7097:World's largest D'oh Nut 6494:Oxford Companion to Food 5815:Las Vegas Review-Journal 5023:Cake: A Slice of History 4612:24 December 2019 at the 4481:Krondl, Michael (2014). 4375:The History of Doughnuts 3846:Guinness Book of Records 3794:, a handful of selected 3695:Dora's Dunking Doughnuts 3514: 3071:United States and Canada 3007:' cream-filled doughnuts 2882:tortelli di San Giuseppe 2822:, or more traditionally 2806:Fried "Rosquillas" from 2797: 2671:. It is also popular in 2403: 2142:). They are also called 1625: 1575:is similar to Germany's 1522: 1374: 1299:A spherical food called 1279: 812: 714: 657: 7188:San Francisco Chronicle 7102:6 February 2009 at the 4777:Janet Sue Terry (2005) 4707:www.merriam-webster.com 4096:Pan dulce (sweet bread) 3792:Boston Marathon bombing 3542: 3293: 2892:Similar to the Finnish 2369:is usually served with 2329:is a sweet traditional 1772:islands (also known as 1351:(油條, "oil strips"); in 1247: 1201:is the shear rate, and 601:and the shortened form 569:History of New York, as 8171:List of doughnut shops 7871: 7647:Old-fashioned doughnut 7073:"Cops & Doughnuts" 6955:A hot piece of history 6768:Paster, Emily (2020). 6534:Peter G. Rose (1989). 6056:Pinoy Recipe At Iba Pa 6052:"How to cook Bunuelos" 5305:Lawson, H. W. (1995). 5020:Levene, Alysa (2016). 4876:", Google Ngram viewer 4081:List of doughnut shops 4000: 3986:Holidays and festivals 3820:Bob and Doug MacKenzie 3816:Second City Television 3753:or office hours. This 3685: 3664: 3443: 3344: 3306: 3109:A popular doughnut in 3008: 2970: 2811: 2712: 2611: 2542: 2416: 2212: 2118:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2076: 2015: 1823:, the fried rice cake 1741: 1693: 1558: 1543: 1387: 1215: 1195: 1171: 1151: 1131: 1065:, doughnuts made from 1027: 1008: 790: 725: 538: 480: 465: 434:Mastery of the Kitchen 303:Doughnuts are usually 228: 82:. For other uses, see 8187:National Doughnut Day 8085:Pasztecik szczeciński 7869: 6751:"Zoolbia ingredients" 6729:Enjeux – Radio-Canada 6492:Alan Davidson (1999) 6329:Oliver, Nicky &. 6234:Aboutfilipinofood.com 5219:Wilson, Dede (2012). 5167:Grant, Kamal (2014). 4756:Richard Ellis (2003) 4703:"Definition of DONUT" 4455:Hertfordshire Mercury 4230:Brown, Ellen (2015). 4209:University of Chicago 4004:National Doughnut Day 3998: 3991:National Doughnut Day 3880:National Doughnut Day 3804:, a doughnut shop in 3677:police officers in a 3673: 3662: 3460:Queen Victoria Market 3437: 3377:South American aliyah 3332: 3301: 3232:Donuts with sprinkles 3003: 2968: 2931:doughnuts are called 2805: 2721:Post-Soviet countries 2704: 2687:The Romanian dessert 2604: 2535: 2411: 2207: 2087:(the word also means 2069: 2010: 1725: 1684: 1549: 1530: 1382: 1363:, a traditional rice 1216: 1196: 1172: 1152: 1150:{\displaystyle \tau } 1132: 1025: 1006: 999:Molecular composition 788: 750:Daniela Galarza, for 533: 471: 457: 401:deep-fried dough ball 311:, but other types of 223: 8192:Coffee and doughnuts 7216:Mistakes That Worked 6914:on 11 December 2013. 6367:cookingclarified.com 6290:文化銀行｜BANK OF CULTURE 6108:"How to cook Shakoy" 5980:on 13 December 2013. 5727:"Donut history 1983" 5410:www.dunkindonuts.com 4824:, Penguin Group US, 4820:John T. Edge (2006) 4657:www.ahdictionary.com 4330:. Smithsonianmag.com 3802:Cops & Doughnuts 2380:It is supposed that 2251:Berliner Pfannkuchen 1740:, in the Philippines 1205: 1185: 1161: 1141: 1105: 799:confectioner's sugar 722:Smithsonian Magazine 114:into this article. ( 8228:Category: Doughnuts 7672:Sour cream doughnut 6986:"All about Vetkoek" 6926:"Classic Jam Donut" 6904:"Sfenj (in French)" 6561:Traditie, Volume 11 6460:on 12 December 2013 6266:on 10 December 2018 6032:on 20 February 2014 5846:. 23 September 2020 5817:. 20 September 2020 5533:The Washington Post 5511:Skyhorse Publishing 5360:on 27 November 2016 5145:on February 1, 2013 5114:on 12 November 2009 4891:The Washington Post 4887:The Washington Post 4841:Sally L. Steinberg 4760:, Intellect Books, 4713:on 20 December 2018 4663:on 21 December 2019 3945:Southern California 3832:Industry by country 3822:(and in their film 3474:-filled doughnuts. 2951:William Pokhlyobkin 2640:[ˈpɔntʂkʲi] 2434:Trentino-Alto Adige 1425:, and is soaked in 1237:Regional variations 1062:Prevention Magazine 949:Cake vs yeast style 909:type of fried dough 889:Others include the 825:and "Timbits" from 652:Oxford Dictionaries 272:made from leavened 210:Media: Doughnut 134: 7872: 7035:Indestructible Man 6908:sousoukitchen1.com 6884:. 19 December 2017 6829:on 31 January 2013 6391:on 8 February 2006 6260:Choose Philippines 6158:on 2 February 2017 5870:paloaltoonline.com 5765:. 27 February 2017 5661:The Times Of India 5636:. 26 December 2013 5503:Maffetone, Philip. 5386:on 4 December 2013 5269:. pp. 80–81. 4687:has generic name ( 4627:"Meaning of donut" 4292:. 9 December 2016. 4008:The Salvation Army 4001: 3953:Cambodian genocide 3884:Staunton, Illinois 3855:The Simpsons Movie 3737:Arnie the Doughnut 3686: 3665: 3612:possibly contains 3593:In popular culture 3558:Sub-Saharan Africa 3444: 3440:St Kilda, Victoria 3345: 3307: 3128:doughnut called a 3124:, churches sell a 3009: 2971: 2812: 2713: 2667:they are eaten on 2612: 2579:and bakeries. The 2543: 2422:doughnuts include 2417: 2213: 2077: 2016: 1803:. It is made with 1801:Maguindanao people 1742: 1694: 1559: 1544: 1454:are also popular. 1388: 1211: 1191: 1167: 1147: 1127: 1081:, along with some 1028: 1009: 974:Physical structure 801:, or covered with 791: 635:The New York Times 481: 477:The Salvation Army 466: 229: 199:Cookbook: Doughnut 130: 8236: 8235: 8103: 8102: 7917:Javanese doughnut 7861: 7860: 7637:Maple bacon donut 7225:978-0-385-26246-0 7168:Los Angeles Times 6858:. 7 December 2015 6781:978-1-55832-995-9 6755:intependent.co.uk 6731:. 21 January 2003 6589:Trojane doughnuts 6545:978-0-8156-0241-5 5872:. 2 December 2020 5763:pastemagazine.com 5695:978-979-1477-05-5 5557:Bricklin, Mark. 5483:978-0-85709-363-9 5281:on 29 August 2022 5232:978-1-55832-788-7 5180:978-1-59253-845-4 5086:"Timbit turns 35" 5033:978-1-68177-108-3 4968:978-0-19-988576-3 4584:Harper, Douglas. 4561:978-0-674-20519-2 4395:St Albans Museums 4245:978-0-7624-5525-6 4204:"De Agri Cultura" 4154:978-0-8130-4079-0 4061:Fried dough foods 3961:Winchell's Donuts 3957:Chinese Cambodian 3941: 3940: 3919:. Please help to 3911:This section may 3740:and music albums 3718:. In the cartoon 3711:The Simpsons Game 3657: 3656: 3649: 3614:original research 2541:: Dutch doughnuts 2112:Former Yugoslavia 1319:, is filled with 1286:Cantonese cuisine 1227:tangential stress 1214:{\displaystyle n} 1194:{\displaystyle D} 1170:{\displaystyle k} 1011:Eggs function as 932:. Another is the 786: 627:Los Angeles Times 565:Washington Irving 525:Washington Irving 218: 217: 154:Alternative names 128: 127: 123: 73: 72: 65: 8261: 8225: 8224: 7952:Ox-tongue pastry 7907:Burmese fritters 7882: 7881: 7677:Tiger tail donut 7597:Coconut doughnut 7567:Bolinho de chuva 7312: 7311: 7285: 7278: 7271: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7229: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7196: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7128: 7122: 7121: 7113: 7107: 7094: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7083: 7077:American Profile 7068: 7062: 7061: 7049: 7043: 7014: 7008: 7007: 7000: 6994: 6993: 6992:on 22 July 2013. 6988:. Archived from 6982: 6976: 6975: 6964: 6958: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6932:. Archived from 6922: 6916: 6915: 6910:. Archived from 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6848: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6825:. Archived from 6819:"Gelt for gifts" 6814: 6808: 6807: 6801: 6793: 6765: 6759: 6758: 6747: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6696: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6679:The Boston Globe 6670: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6644: 6635: 6629: 6620: 6613: 6607: 6606: 6598: 6592: 6586: 6580: 6578: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6517: 6511: 6510: 6503: 6497: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6450: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6421:on 5 April 2014. 6417:. Archived from 6407: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6387:. Archived from 6377: 6371: 6370: 6359: 6353: 6352: 6341: 6335: 6334: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6308: 6302: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6262:. Archived from 6251: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6148: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6088:on 28 March 2019 6084:. Archived from 6074: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6028:. Archived from 6018: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6007: 5998:. Archived from 5988: 5982: 5981: 5976:. Archived from 5966: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5955: 5940: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5877: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5836: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5807: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5781: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5755: 5734: 5733: 5729:. Mister Donut. 5723: 5717: 5716: 5706: 5700: 5699: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5663:. Economic Times 5652: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5597: 5591: 5590: 5574: 5568: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5538:Associated Press 5523: 5514: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5467: 5461: 5458:How Baking Works 5454: 5437: 5430: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5402: 5396: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5382:. Archived from 5376: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5359: 5353:. Archived from 5348: 5339: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5302: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5277:. Archived from 5261:. Food Science. 5254: 5245: 5244: 5216: 5207: 5206: 5200: 5192: 5164: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5110:. Archived from 5103: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5082: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4900: 4894: 4883: 4877: 4870: 4864: 4858: 4852: 4850: 4839: 4833: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4801: 4795: 4775: 4769: 4754: 4748: 4746: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4709:. Archived from 4699: 4693: 4692: 4686: 4682: 4680: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4659:. Archived from 4648: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4623: 4617: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4581: 4575: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4536:See entries for 4534: 4528: 4518: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4462:on 23 April 2015 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4420: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4387: 4381: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4354:www.newswise.com 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4324: 4315: 4314: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4264:germanyinusa.com 4256: 4250: 4249: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4170: 4159: 4158: 4138: 4076:List of desserts 4034: 4029: 4028: 3936: 3933: 3906: 3905: 3898: 3652: 3645: 3641: 3638: 3632: 3629:inline citations 3605: 3604: 3597: 3548:Peruvian cuisine 3277: 3265: 3253: 3241: 3229: 3217: 3208:glazed doughnuts 3202: 3093:potato doughnuts 3012:Caribbean region 2944: 2753:, especially in 2752: 2744: 2734: 2645:Jędrzej Kitowicz 2642: 2637: 2616:Polish community 2294:Berlin doughnuts 1835:, among others. 1294:ox-tongue pastry 1220: 1218: 1217: 1212: 1200: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1176: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1156: 1154: 1153: 1148: 1136: 1134: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1125: 833:powdered sugar. 787: 699: 690: 679: 670: 436:), published in 403:was recorded by 267: 266: 263: 262: 259: 256: 253: 250: 247: 208: 197: 142: 135: 133: 129: 119: 99: 98: 91: 68: 61: 57: 54: 48: 24: 23: 16: 8269: 8268: 8264: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8259: 8258: 8239: 8238: 8237: 8232: 8213: 8197:Superior Donuts 8175: 8144: 8135:Shipley Do-Nuts 8099: 8017: 8011: 7885:Africa and Asia 7873: 7857: 7696: 7662:Potato doughnut 7550: 7315:Africa and Asia 7303: 7289: 7246: 7226: 7210: 7208:Further reading 7205: 7204: 7194: 7192: 7179: 7175: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7144: 7143: 7139: 7130: 7129: 7125: 7114: 7110: 7104:Wayback Machine 7095: 7091: 7081: 7079: 7069: 7065: 7058:Huffington Post 7050: 7046: 7015: 7011: 7002: 7001: 6997: 6984: 6983: 6979: 6974:. 21 June 2010. 6966: 6965: 6961: 6953: 6949: 6939: 6937: 6936:on 8 March 2009 6924: 6923: 6919: 6902: 6901: 6897: 6887: 6885: 6876: 6875: 6871: 6861: 6859: 6850: 6849: 6842: 6832: 6830: 6815: 6811: 6795: 6794: 6782: 6766: 6762: 6749: 6748: 6744: 6734: 6732: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6711: 6697: 6693: 6683: 6681: 6671: 6667: 6657: 6655: 6645: 6638: 6630: 6623: 6614: 6610: 6599: 6595: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6557: 6553: 6546: 6532: 6528: 6519: 6518: 6514: 6505: 6504: 6500: 6491: 6487: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6463: 6461: 6452: 6451: 6447: 6437: 6435: 6431: 6430: 6426: 6409: 6408: 6404: 6394: 6392: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6369:. 4 April 2011. 6361: 6360: 6356: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6327: 6323: 6310: 6309: 6305: 6295: 6293: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6269: 6267: 6252: 6248: 6238: 6236: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6216: 6198: 6194: 6184: 6182: 6175: 6171: 6161: 6159: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6135: 6133: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6061: 6059: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6035: 6033: 6026:dunkindonuts.pk 6020: 6019: 6015: 6005: 6003: 5996:weallnepali.com 5990: 5989: 5985: 5968: 5967: 5963: 5953: 5951: 5950:. 23 April 2021 5942: 5941: 5937: 5927: 5925: 5923:Eater San Diego 5915: 5911: 5901: 5899: 5897:St. Cloud Times 5889: 5885: 5875: 5873: 5864: 5863: 5859: 5849: 5847: 5838: 5837: 5830: 5820: 5818: 5809: 5808: 5804: 5794: 5792: 5782: 5778: 5768: 5766: 5757: 5756: 5737: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5707: 5703: 5696: 5680: 5676: 5666: 5664: 5653: 5649: 5639: 5637: 5628: 5627: 5623: 5613: 5611: 5598: 5594: 5575: 5571: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5524: 5517: 5502: 5498: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5468: 5464: 5456:Figoni, Paula. 5455: 5440: 5431: 5424: 5414: 5412: 5404: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5387: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5346: 5340: 5333: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5303: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5265:. No. 92. 5255: 5248: 5233: 5217: 5210: 5194: 5193: 5181: 5173:. Beverly, MA. 5165: 5158: 5148: 5146: 5131: 5127: 5117: 5115: 5104: 5100: 5090: 5088: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5068: 5066: 5056: 5052: 5034: 5018: 5014: 5004: 5002: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4969: 4953: 4949: 4939: 4937: 4927: 4923: 4913: 4911: 4901: 4897: 4884: 4880: 4874:donut, doughnut 4871: 4867: 4859: 4855: 4848: 4840: 4836: 4819: 4815: 4802: 4798: 4776: 4772: 4755: 4751: 4744: 4730: 4726: 4716: 4714: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4684: 4683: 4674: 4673: 4666: 4664: 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4614:Wayback Machine 4603: 4599: 4582: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4535: 4531: 4525:Huffington Post 4519: 4515: 4505: 4503: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4421: 4410: 4400: 4398: 4397:. 20 March 2019 4389: 4388: 4384: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4326: 4325: 4318: 4301: 4297: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4266:. 30 April 2019 4258: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4228: 4224: 4215: 4213: 4197: 4193: 4186: 4172: 4171: 4162: 4155: 4139: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4030: 4023: 4020: 3993: 3988: 3937: 3931: 3928: 3907: 3903: 3896: 3872: 3864: 3839: 3834: 3806:Clare, Michigan 3653: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3618: 3606: 3602: 3595: 3565: 3560: 3545: 3517: 3504: 3499: 3487: 3468:South Australia 3432: 3427: 3403: 3385: 3327: 3296: 3291: 3284: 3278: 3269: 3266: 3257: 3254: 3245: 3242: 3233: 3230: 3221: 3218: 3209: 3203: 3191:beignes de Noël 3157:cider doughnuts 3073: 3042: 3026: 3014: 2998: 2963: 2925: 2919: 2890: 2864: 2800: 2763: 2699: 2685: 2657: 2635: 2599: 2593: 2565: 2530: 2522:varškės spurgos 2502: 2406: 2322: 2303: 2202: 2181: 2126:North Macedonia 2114: 2064: 2040: 2005: 1977: 1945: 1940: 1918:paste filling. 1882: 1859: 1841: 1732:(also known as 1679: 1659: 1628: 1616: 1525: 1517:potato doughnut 1505: 1377: 1371:for breakfast. 1339:Chinese cuisine 1282: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1239: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1121: 1117: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1095: 1057: 1001: 976: 969: 965: 961: 957: 951: 946: 887: 855:fruit preserves 851: 815: 776: 774: 717: 712: 711: 710: 709: 702: 701: 700: 692: 691: 682: 681: 680: 672: 671: 660: 611: 561: 556: 514:Thomas Dimsdale 486: 430:Küchenmeisterei 410:de agri cultura 399:A recipe for a 397: 392: 340:fruit preserves 268:) is a type of 244: 240: 214: 149: 131: 124: 100: 96: 87: 76: 69: 58: 52: 49: 35:Please help by 34: 25: 21: 12: 11: 5: 8267: 8257: 8256: 8251: 8234: 8233: 8231: 8230: 8218: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8210: 8209: 8204: 8194: 8189: 8183: 8181: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8152: 8150: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8120:Dunkin' Donuts 8117: 8111: 8109: 8105: 8104: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8021: 8019: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7932:Mee Siput Muar 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7888: 7886: 7879: 7875: 7874: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7773:Fudge doughnut 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7704: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7627:Jelly doughnut 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7592:Cider doughnut 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7318: 7316: 7309: 7305: 7304: 7288: 7287: 7280: 7273: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7244: 7231: 7224: 7209: 7206: 7203: 7202: 7173: 7155: 7137: 7123: 7108: 7089: 7063: 7044: 7009: 7006:. 2 June 2017. 6995: 6977: 6959: 6947: 6917: 6895: 6869: 6840: 6823:Jerusalem Post 6809: 6780: 6760: 6742: 6716: 6710:978-0802047908 6709: 6691: 6665: 6636: 6621: 6615:Paul Mullins, 6608: 6605:. p. 323. 6593: 6581: 6566: 6551: 6544: 6526: 6512: 6509:. 8 July 2010. 6498: 6485: 6471: 6454:"lihapiirakka" 6445: 6424: 6402: 6381:"Croustillons" 6372: 6363:"Smoutebollen" 6354: 6336: 6321: 6318:. 8 June 2016. 6316:ImportFood.com 6303: 6277: 6246: 6221: 6214: 6192: 6169: 6143: 6121: 6099: 6069: 6043: 6013: 6002:on 6 June 2012 5983: 5961: 5935: 5909: 5883: 5857: 5828: 5802: 5776: 5735: 5718: 5701: 5694: 5674: 5647: 5621: 5592: 5569: 5550: 5515: 5496: 5482: 5462: 5438: 5422: 5397: 5371: 5331: 5317: 5292: 5246: 5231: 5208: 5179: 5156: 5125: 5098: 5077: 5050: 5032: 5012: 4999:www.boston.com 4986: 4967: 4947: 4921: 4895: 4878: 4865: 4853: 4834: 4813: 4796: 4770: 4749: 4724: 4694: 4643: 4618: 4597: 4576: 4567: 4560: 4529: 4513: 4488: 4473: 4441: 4408: 4382: 4367: 4341: 4316: 4295: 4277: 4251: 4244: 4222: 4191: 4184: 4160: 4153: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4035: 4019: 4016: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3972:Dunkin' Donuts 3939: 3938: 3923:. Discuss and 3910: 3908: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3871: 3868: 3863: 3860: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3796:Dunkin' Donuts 3679:Dunkin' Donuts 3655: 3654: 3609: 3607: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3544: 3541: 3536:dulce de leche 3516: 3513: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3486: 3483: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3402: 3399: 3384: 3381: 3372:dulce de leche 3326: 3323: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3285: 3279: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3212: 3210: 3204: 3197: 3104:doughnut shops 3072: 3069: 3041: 3038: 3028:A traditional 3025: 3022: 3013: 3010: 2997: 2994: 2962: 2961:United Kingdom 2959: 2921:Main article: 2918: 2915: 2889: 2886: 2863: 2860: 2799: 2796: 2762: 2759: 2755:St. Petersburg 2719:and the other 2698: 2695: 2684: 2681: 2656: 2653: 2595:Main article: 2592: 2589: 2564: 2561: 2529: 2526: 2518:cottage cheese 2501: 2498: 2405: 2402: 2371:powdered sugar 2321: 2318: 2302: 2299: 2237:to describe a 2201: 2198: 2180: 2177: 2113: 2110: 2063: 2060: 2039: 2036: 2020:Czech Republic 2004: 2003:Czech Republic 2001: 1976: 1973: 1963:Vanillekrapfen 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1881: 1878: 1858: 1855: 1840: 1837: 1779:glutinous rice 1703:(also spelled 1678: 1675: 1671:Dunkin' Donuts 1658: 1655: 1627: 1624: 1615: 1612: 1555:red bean paste 1524: 1521: 1504: 1501: 1497:Dunkin' Donuts 1460:, also called 1439:and a coconut 1376: 1373: 1321:red bean paste 1281: 1278: 1274:The Donut King 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1241:Main article: 1238: 1235: 1210: 1190: 1166: 1146: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1094: 1093:Dough rheology 1091: 1067:enriched flour 1056: 1055:Health effects 1053: 1000: 997: 975: 972: 967: 963: 959: 955: 950: 947: 945: 942: 886: 883: 850: 847: 823:Dunkin' Donuts 818:Doughnut holes 814: 811: 773: 770: 758:Michael Krondl 716: 713: 704: 703: 694: 693: 685: 684: 683: 674: 673: 665: 664: 663: 662: 661: 659: 656: 644:Dunkin' Donuts 623:George W. Peck 610: 607: 579:doughnut holes 560: 557: 555: 552: 489:Dutch settlers 485: 482: 405:Cato the Elder 396: 393: 391: 388: 360:powdered sugar 356:doughnut holes 344:jelly doughnut 216: 215: 213: 212: 201: 190: 187: 186: 173: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 143: 126: 125: 103: 101: 94: 74: 71: 70: 28: 26: 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8266: 8255: 8254:Types of food 8252: 8250: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8229: 8220: 8219: 8216: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8178: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8147: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8106: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8030:Fleischkuekle 8028: 8026: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8014: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7912:Ham chim peng 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7880: 7876: 7868: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7553: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7306: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7286: 7281: 7279: 7274: 7272: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7245:0-8342-1321-4 7241: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7221: 7218:. Doubleday. 7217: 7212: 7211: 7190: 7189: 7184: 7177: 7169: 7165: 7159: 7151: 7147: 7141: 7133: 7127: 7119: 7112: 7105: 7101: 7098: 7093: 7078: 7074: 7067: 7059: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7024: 7020:matinee show 7019: 7013: 7005: 6999: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6956: 6951: 6935: 6931: 6930:Donutking.com 6927: 6921: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6899: 6883: 6879: 6873: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6845: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6813: 6805: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6777: 6773: 6772: 6764: 6756: 6752: 6746: 6730: 6726: 6720: 6712: 6706: 6702: 6695: 6680: 6676: 6669: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6641: 6633: 6628: 6626: 6618: 6612: 6604: 6597: 6590: 6585: 6575: 6570: 6562: 6555: 6547: 6541: 6537: 6530: 6522: 6516: 6508: 6502: 6495: 6489: 6481: 6475: 6459: 6455: 6449: 6434: 6428: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6390: 6386: 6385:belgourmet.be 6382: 6376: 6368: 6364: 6358: 6350: 6349:gutekueche.at 6346: 6340: 6332: 6325: 6317: 6313: 6307: 6291: 6287: 6281: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6250: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6217: 6215:9781479869251 6211: 6207: 6203: 6196: 6180: 6173: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6131: 6125: 6109: 6103: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6058:. 5 July 2016 6057: 6053: 6047: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6017: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5924: 5920: 5913: 5898: 5894: 5887: 5871: 5867: 5861: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5833: 5816: 5812: 5806: 5791: 5787: 5780: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5740: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5714: 5713: 5705: 5697: 5691: 5687: 5686: 5682:Budi Sutomo. 5678: 5662: 5658: 5651: 5635: 5631: 5625: 5609: 5608: 5603: 5596: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5573: 5566: 5562: 5561: 5554: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5529: 5522: 5520: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5500: 5485: 5479: 5475: 5474: 5466: 5459: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5435: 5432:Pyler, E. J. 5429: 5427: 5411: 5407: 5401: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5356: 5352: 5345: 5338: 5336: 5320: 5318:9780412988417 5314: 5310: 5309: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5267:Taunton Press 5264: 5260: 5253: 5251: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5224: 5223: 5215: 5213: 5204: 5198: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5163: 5161: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5129: 5113: 5109: 5106:Tim Hortons. 5102: 5087: 5081: 5065: 5061: 5054: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5025: 5024: 5016: 5001:. 5 June 2013 5000: 4996: 4990: 4983: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4951: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4892: 4888: 4882: 4875: 4869: 4862: 4857: 4846: 4845: 4838: 4831: 4827: 4823: 4817: 4809: 4808: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4698: 4690: 4678: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4632: 4628: 4622: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4601: 4593: 4592: 4587: 4580: 4571: 4563: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4545: 4541: 4540: 4533: 4526: 4522: 4517: 4502: 4501:d.lib.msu.edu 4498: 4492: 4484: 4477: 4461: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4445: 4430: 4426: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4376: 4371: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4329: 4323: 4321: 4312: 4311: 4306: 4299: 4291: 4287: 4281: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4247: 4241: 4237: 4236:Running Press 4233: 4226: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4187: 4185:9780199313624 4181: 4177: 4176: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4156: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4056:Danish pastry 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4033: 4027: 4022: 4015: 4013: 4009: 4005: 3997: 3983: 3981: 3976: 3973: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3935: 3932:December 2022 3926: 3922: 3918: 3916: 3909: 3900: 3899: 3891: 3889: 3888:Tour de Donut 3885: 3881: 3877: 3870:United States 3867: 3859: 3857: 3856: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3829: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3786:, there is a 3785: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3732:Homer Simpson 3729: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3721:¡Mucha Lucha! 3717: 3716:Donut Dilemma 3713: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3700:The Doughnuts 3697: 3696: 3691: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3661: 3651: 3648: 3640: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3610:This section 3608: 3599: 3598: 3590: 3588: 3587: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3555: 3553: 3549: 3540: 3538: 3537: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3497:South America 3494: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3475: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3448:Jam doughnuts 3441: 3436: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3342: 3338: 3337: 3331: 3322: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3313: 3305: 3300: 3283: 3276: 3271: 3264: 3259: 3252: 3247: 3240: 3235: 3228: 3223: 3216: 3211: 3207: 3201: 3196: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3181: 3180:Cafe Du Monde 3177: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3134:Fastnacht Day 3131: 3127: 3126:potato starch 3123: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3006: 3002: 2996:North America 2993: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2976: 2967: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2930: 2924: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2809: 2804: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2710: 2709: 2703: 2694: 2692: 2691: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2610: 2609: 2603: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2575:restaurants, 2574: 2570: 2560: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2548: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2482: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2421: 2415: 2410: 2401: 2399: 2398: 2394:, and Polish 2393: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2308: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2223: 2218: 2211: 2206: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2168: 2167: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2140: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2102: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2075: 2074: 2068: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2035: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2014: 2009: 2000: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1989:in Dutch, or 1988: 1987: 1982: 1972: 1970: 1969: 1968:Bauernkrapfen 1964: 1960: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1864: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1791: 1786: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1711: 1706: 1702: 1701: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1652: 1651: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1623: 1620: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1604:tapioca flour 1600: 1596: 1595: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1513:donat kentang 1510: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1487: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1411: 1407:is made from 1406: 1402: 1401: 1395: 1393: 1385: 1381: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1244: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1208: 1188: 1181:coefficient, 1180: 1164: 1144: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1100: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1069:provide some 1068: 1064: 1063: 1052: 1050: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1032: 1024: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1005: 996: 994: 990: 986: 982: 971: 941: 939: 935: 931: 930: 925: 921: 917: 916:old-fashioned 912: 910: 906: 905: 900: 896: 892: 882: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 846: 844: 840: 834: 830: 828: 824: 819: 810: 808: 804: 800: 796: 769: 767: 763: 759: 755: 754: 748: 746: 740: 738: 732: 729: 728: 723: 707: 698: 689: 678: 669: 655: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 636: 630: 628: 624: 620: 616: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 575: 570: 566: 551: 549: 548: 543: 537: 532: 530: 527:'s 1809 book 526: 521: 517: 515: 511: 510:Hertfordshire 506: 505: 500: 498: 497:New Amsterdam 494: 490: 478: 474: 470: 464: 463:doughnut shop 461: 456: 452: 450: 446: 441: 439: 435: 431: 428:The cookbook 426: 424: 420: 416: 412: 411: 406: 402: 387: 385: 381: 377: 376:old-fashioned 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 336: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 301: 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Retrieved 7186: 7176: 7167: 7158: 7149: 7140: 7126: 7111: 7092: 7080:. Retrieved 7076: 7066: 7057: 7047: 7033: 7021: 7012: 6998: 6990:the original 6980: 6971: 6962: 6950: 6938:. Retrieved 6934:the original 6929: 6920: 6912:the original 6907: 6898: 6886:. Retrieved 6881: 6872: 6860:. Retrieved 6855: 6831:. Retrieved 6827:the original 6822: 6812: 6770: 6763: 6754: 6745: 6733:. Retrieved 6728: 6719: 6700: 6694: 6684:26 September 6682:. Retrieved 6678: 6668: 6656:. Retrieved 6653:Boston Globe 6652: 6616: 6611: 6602: 6596: 6584: 6577:(in Russian) 6569: 6560: 6554: 6535: 6529: 6515: 6501: 6493: 6488: 6479: 6474: 6462:. Retrieved 6458:the original 6448: 6436:. Retrieved 6427: 6419:the original 6414: 6405: 6393:. Retrieved 6389:the original 6384: 6375: 6366: 6357: 6348: 6339: 6324: 6315: 6306: 6294:. Retrieved 6289: 6280: 6268:. Retrieved 6264:the original 6259: 6249: 6237:. Retrieved 6233: 6224: 6205: 6195: 6183:. Retrieved 6172: 6160:. Retrieved 6156:the original 6146: 6134:. 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