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1473:, In the worst-case scenario, severe burns can be fatal. The higher temperatures and tendency of oil to stick to the skin make spilled hot cooking oil far more dangerous than spilled hot water. Children can accidentally place their hands on top of the stove, play with the materials while being cooked, or accidentally pull the pot down, which can cause significant injury. If children are present, the utmost care should be used when deep frying so that their safety can be protected at all times.
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temperature close to this range involves adding a tiny amount of flour into the oil and watching to see if it sizzles without immediately burning. A second test involves adding one piece of food to deep fry and watching it sink somewhat and rise back up. Sinking without resurfacing indicates that the oil is too cold; not sinking at all indicates that the oil is too hot.
712:, also referred to as "sponges". In East Africa deep fried food is common, cooked in cast iron or earthenware pots. Frying in batter is common. A Ugandan specialty is a kind of doughnut called Mandazi. In areas of Southern Africa, street foods include deep-fried potato and cassava chips. Deep-fried foods in the country of South Africa include fish and chips,
382:
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1059:. Deep-fried food has been a core part of the culture of the American South with many restaurants solely serving deep-fried foods. The owner of one such restaurant has said of deep-fried food that "in the South it's a way of life". Fast food is one of the most common ways to consume deep-fried food in North America.
1680:
Trans fats are used in shortenings for deep-frying in restaurants, as they can be used for longer than most conventional oils before becoming rancid. In the early 21st century, non-hydrogenated vegetable oils that have lifespans exceeding that of the frying shortenings became available. As fast-food
254:
While most foods need batter coatings for protection, it is not as necessary for cooked noodles and potatoes because their high starch content enables them to hold more moisture and not shrink. Meats are sometimes cooked before deep frying to ensure that they are done inside while keeping juiciness.
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levels. Oil can be reused a few times after original use after straining out solids. However, excessive use of the same oil can cause it to break down and release compounds into the food that may be carcinogenic, affect liver health, or influence the body's ability to absorb vitamins. Some
European
284:
It is recommended that deep fryers be cleaned often to prevent contamination. The process of cooking with oil can also contaminate nearby surfaces as oil may splatter on adjacent areas. Oil vapors can also condense on more distant surfaces such as walls and ceilings. Supplies such as dish detergent
2210:
Corn dogs are a food that we know from fall festivals, carnivals and tailgating. It actually got its start when German immigrants moved into Texas. Some of these new German immigrants were sausage-makers by trade, but had a hard time selling their wares in Texas. So, as a ploy, they took sausages,
1508:
The heating element in a deep fryer consumes enormous energy, electricity or otherwise. According to one source, an average home appliance deep fryer draws 2,000 watts. Potatoes that are stored in artificially humidified warehouses contain more water, which makes the time required to deep fry them
280:
However, if the food is cooked in the oil for too long, much of the water will be lost and the oil will begin to penetrate the food. The correct frying temperature depends on the thickness and type of food, but in most cases it lies between 350–375 °F (177–191 °C). An informal test for a
1313:
Deep fat frying involves heating oil to temperatures in excess of 180 °C in the presence of moisture and air. These conditions can induce a series of complex chemical reactions which may impact the quality of both the food and the oil it is cooked in. Examples of different chemical reactions
262:
it; oil cannot go against the direction of this powerful flow because (due to its high temperature) the water vapor pushes the bubbles toward the surface. As long as the oil is hot enough and the food is not immersed in the oil for too long, oil penetration will be confined to the outer surface.
242:
Deep frying food is defined as a process where food is submerged in hot oil at temperatures typically between 350 °F (177 °C) and 375 °F (191 °C), but deep frying oil can reach temperatures of over 400 °F (205 °C). One common method for preparing food for deep
103:
The term "deep frying" and many modern deep-fried foods were not invented until the 19th century, but the practice has been around for millennia. Early records and cookbooks suggest that the practice began in certain
European countries before other countries adopted the practice.
1446:) as they cause the water to flash into steam due to the high heat of the oil, in turn sending the burning oil in all directions and thus aggravating the fire. This is the leading cause of house fires in the United Kingdom. Instead, oil fires must be extinguished with a class F
99:
may be used. Deep frying may also be performed using oil that is heated in a pot. Deep frying is classified as a hot-fat cooking method. Typically, deep frying foods cook quickly since oil has a high rate of heat conduction and all sides of the food are cooked simultaneously.
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notes that "you can deep fry almost anything". The
American South has been noted as a modern center of innovation in the area of deep-fried food. According to the owner of a deep frying restaurant in the South, "If something is edible, you can bet that someone south of the
1334:. The exact reactions are dependent upon factors such as the oil type, frying conditions, and food being cooked. When frying, water can attack the ester linkage of triacylglycerols, resulting in mono- and diglycerols, glycerol, and free fatty acids (a type of
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chains routinely use different fats in different locations, trans fat levels in fast food can have large variations. The amount of trans fat that is formed during frying appears to increase with frying temperature, frying time, oil oxidation, and oil reuse.
1066:, especially those in the American South. Hundreds of items are served at these fairs. Some of them include deep-fried beer, butter, and bubblegum. Additionally, deep frying can be used as a form of artwork by frying non-edible objects, such as
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Orozco-Solano, M. I.; Priego-Capote, F.; Luque de Castro, M. D. (10 May 2013). "Analysis of esterified and nonesterified fatty acids in serum from obese individuals after intake of breakfasts prepared with oils heated at frying temperature".
1001:
is a very popular deep-fried dish in
England since it originated in London in the 19th century and became popular among the working class. Its popularity continues with 229 million portions of fish and chips being sold annually in England.
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at room temperature but can become flammable when used at high temperatures. Fires ensue if it gets ignited under these conditions. Further, attempts to extinguish an oil fire with water can cause an extremely dangerous condition (a
1380:
Sensory – darkening, smoke, foaming, thickening, rancid taste and unpleasant smell when heating. This is the most unreliable way to decide when to change oil because those are very individual factors and can depend on different
1150:, a Peruvian dessert originated in the colonial period, are deep-fried doughs made with pumpkin and sweet potatoes, popular in Peru and Chile, especially during harvest festivals., a family of deep fried cakes is well known across,
1005:
There is an annual trade fair devoted to deep-fried foods called the
International Symposium on Deep-Fat Frying which features discussions on deep fat frying as well as exhibitions by companies involved with the process.
192:, invented in the late 18th century, became popular in the early 19th century western Europe. In 1860, Joseph Malin combined deep fried fish with chips (french fries) to open the first fish and chip shop in London.
547:
on all continents". There are hundreds of dishes that are associated with deep frying as most foods can be deep-fried. Examples of food that can be deep-fried include meat, poultry, fish and vegetables.
445:
1663:. This discovery in 2002 led to international health concerns. Subsequent research has however found that it is not likely that the acrylamides in burnt or well-cooked food cause cancer in humans;
3449:
A World of Cake: 150 Recipes for Sweet
Traditions from Cultures Near and Far; Honey cakes to flat cakes, fritters to chiffons, tartes to tortes, meringues to mooncakes, fruit cakes to spice cakes
4077:"Chun-Yi Ng, Yusof Kamisah, Othman Faizah, & Kamsiah Jaarin, 2013 Recycled Deep-frying Oil Causes Blood Pressure Elevation and Vascular Hypertrophy in Sprague-Dawley Rats 1(1) : 2-6"
1421:
Instruments that indicate total polar compounds, currently the best single gauge of how deep-fried an object is, are available with sufficient accuracy for restaurant and industry use.
3521:
Granda, C.; Moreira, R.G.; Tichy, S.E. (2004). "Reduction of
Acrylamide Formation in Potato Chips by Low-temperature Vacuum Frying Journal of Food Science". 69 (8). Pages 405–411.
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The
Everything Indian Slow Cooker Cookbook: Includes Pineapple Raita, Tandoori Chicken Wings, Mulligatawny Soup, Lamb Vindaloo, Five-Spice Strawberry Chutney...and Hundreds More!
1501:, overflow sewage systems, bind to the walls of sewage pipes, and interfere with sewage treatment. Waste oil from deep frying is increasingly being recycled and refined into
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are commonly deep-fried for human consumption. Western-style fast food items such as donuts, deep-fried chicken, and deep-fried potatoes are also becoming popular in Asia.
258:
When performed properly, deep frying does not make food excessively greasy, because the moisture in the food repels the oil. The hot oil heats the water within the food,
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Some studies have found that deep frying in olive and sunflower oils has been found to be less of a detriment to health and in some cases have positive effects on
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The process of deep frying food is generally detrimental to its nutritional value. The oils that foods absorb in their batter typically contain large amounts of
752:
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foods). Recent research suggests fat deterioration may be worse when fat or oil is fried with food than when fat or oil is tested on its own in a laboratory.
319:, or a cast-iron pot. Additional tools include fry baskets, which are used to contain foods in a deep fryer and to strain foods when removed from the oil, and
2016:
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3196:"Retention and distribution of natural antioxidants (α-tocopherol, polyphenols and terpenic acids) after shallow frying of vegetables in virgin olive oil"
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arrived in northern Europe by the 13th century, and deep-fried fish recipes have been found in cookbooks in Spain and
Portugal at around the same time.
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Delicious Deep Fried
Recipes: Classic & Exotic Fried Chicken Recipes, Fried Rice Recipes, Fried Tofu Recipes, Fried Zucchini Recipes and More
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The Mediterranean diets traditionally use olive oil for deep-frying, which it is absorbed by the food in the process. Research indicates that
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Bhardwaj, Swati; Passi, Santosh Jain; Misra, Anoop; Pant, Kamal K.; Anwar, Khalid; Pandey, R. M.; Kardam, Vikas (1 December 2016).
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The ancient Greeks began frying foods in olive oil sometime around or after the 5th century BC. Frying foods in oil was common in
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is unique among other cooking oils because it is very rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and contains beneficial micronutrients.
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is a popular deep-fried food that generally consists of battered and fried seafood and vegetables. Japanese deep-fried dishes, or
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3165:"8th International Symposium on Deep Frying Better understanding, better fried products 15–17 September 2015, Munich, Germany"
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When deep frying, fires can be very severe, with chip pan fires being the leading cause of house fires in the United Kingdom.
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a Chilean bread are deep fried in oil or butter also made with pumpkin, Chancay a Peruvian bread made of flour, salt and
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3496:. Lyon, France; Geneva: Lyon, France : International Agency for Research on Cancer; Distributed by WHO Press, 2010.
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Oil-tester – measurement tool to exactly define the point of change oil by TPM/TPC (Total polar material/compounds)
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Deep frying is popular worldwide, with deep-fried foods accounting for a large portion of global caloric consumption.
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Cooking oil that has been used for too long may in addition cause blood pressure elevation and vascular hypertrophy.
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deep fried food is quite common, serving as either a main dish or a snack. The ingredients are usually deep fried in
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1923:, certainly by the 1st century AD. Olive oil was mostly used, as it was plentiful. The Roman word was 'frigere.'
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originated in Scotland, with The Carron Fish Bar in Stonehaven claiming to have invented it in the early 1990s.
708:
In Northern Africa, deep-fried dishes are a part of the cuisine. A common food in this region is the deep-fried
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cups of oil" used. This oil absorption rate is around the same as occurs with shallow frying, such as in a pan.
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Kalogeropoulos, Nick; Mylona, Anastasia; Chiou, Antonia; Ioannou, Maria S.; Andrikopoulos, Nikolaos K. (2007).
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2121:"'Old Salt' Doughnut hole inventor tells just how discovery was made and stomachs of earth saved." Special to
1089:, where they hold an annual contest for the most creative deep-fried food. Notable past winners have included
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or by starving the fire of oxygen, such as can be accomplished by putting a lid back on the pan or using a
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2068:"Who invented french fries? France and Belgium battle over who invented fried, crispy potato perfection"
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Deep-fried foods are common in many countries, and have also been described as "a staple of almost all
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1636:. Consumption of large amounts of saturated and trans fats has been linked to a higher risk for some
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4210:"Effect of heating/reheating of fats/oils, as used by Asian Indians, on trans fatty acid formation"
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is a Japanese ladle or scoop that may be used to remove small drops of batter during the frying of
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Foods deep-fried at proper temperatures typically absorb "no more than a couple of tablespoons per
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Modern deep frying in the United States began in the 19th century with the growing popularity of
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3120:. Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. CRC Press. p. 31.
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Seubsman, Sam-ang; Kelly, Matthew; Pataraporn, Yuthapornpinit; Sleigh, Adrian (November 2009).
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of commercially producing chips because more energy is required for frying over a longer time.
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helps to significantly reduce acrylamide formation, but this process is not widely used in the
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shops in Australia may purvey several types of deep-fried foods, along with other food types.
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Taste of the Midwest: 12 States, 101 Recipes, 150 Meals, 8,207 Miles and Millions of Memories
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3956:"Study finds eating deep-fried food is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer"
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Southern Fried: More Than 150 Recipes for Crab Cakes, Fried Chicken, Hush Puppies, and More
2960:"Cultural resistance to fast-food consumption? A study of youth in North Eastern Thailand"
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Sudan University of Science & Technology SUST Journal of Natural and Medical Sciences
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793:, the most widely used cooking oil in the country. Some popular deep fried foods include
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1070:. Artists such as Henry Hargreaves have deep-fried replicas of electronic items such as
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Mariod, Abdalbasit; Omer, Nuha; Al, El Mugdad; Mokhtar, Mohammed (9 September 2014).
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3308:"Deep-Fried Gadgets: Artist Henry Hargreaves Deep-Fries (Fake) iPad, iPhone And More"
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2530:. Cookery, Food and Drink Series. Kodansha International Limited. pp. 103, 230.
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3475:"Chemical Reactions Taken Place During deep-fat Frying and Their Products: A review"
1454:. Other means of extinguishing an oil fire include application of dry powder (e.g.,
1142:, a fried dough ball popular in Central America and Greece, is a popular deep-fried
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1674:) during deep frying results in the loss of nutritional value in deep-fried foods.
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Some useful tests and indicators of excessive oil deterioration are the following:
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deep frying pot, which is heavy for retaining heat and deep for holding oil; the
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2345:. Translated by Malcolm DeBevoise. New York: Columbia University Press. p.
1055:, originally a French dish, are a popular deep-fried pastry in the U.S. city of
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reaction). The aforementioned hydrolysis reaction is enhanced by the produced
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IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (2010).
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all being invented in the early 20th century. In recent years, the growth of
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4117:"Board of Health Approves Regulation to Phase Out Artificial Trans Fat: FAQ"
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Ray, Nick; Bewer, Tim; Burke, Andrew; Huhti, Thomas; Seng, Siradeth (2007).
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are common deep-fried foods. Other common deep-fried foods include Chinese
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1768:. Catering and hospitality, NVQ/SVQ2. Stanley Thornes. 1996. p. 18.
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countries have set public health standards for the safety of frying oil.
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rolled them in a cornbread batter and fried them. The sticks came later.
2017:"No matter where it originated, falafel is still Israel's national food"
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if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
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1241: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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4169:"High levels of industrially produced trans fat in popular fast foods"
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3226:"Deep-fried Mars bars: no link with sudden stroke – Health News"
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has expanded the reach of deep-fried foods, especially french fries.
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3755:"The Technique That Will Make You Want to Batter and Fry Everything"
1357:, and other deleterious, unintended or even toxic compounds such as
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from about the 5th century BCE. The, 5th century CE, Roman cookbook
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Murphy, A.; Armstrong, K.; Bainbridge, J.; Firestone, M.D. (2010).
2736:. Best of the Midwest book series. Globe Pequot Press. p. 52.
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1659:. Deep-fried foods cooked at certain temperatures can also contain
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is a popular fried snack and street food in Argentina and Uruguay,
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3594:. FET college series. Pearson Education South Africa. p. 95.
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Testing strips – decide when to change oil depending on FFA (
1174:, made of flour, salt and yeast, sometimes addition with milk and
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Deep-fried food contests are frequently held at fairs such as the
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in Chinese, are eaten in many East and Southeast Asian cuisines.
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714:
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248:
175:
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155:
125:
56:
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2679:
Food and Drink in American History: A "Full Course" Encyclopedia
2400:
2312:
Basic Asian: Everything You Need for Yin and Yang in the Kitchen
1667:
categorizes the idea that burnt food causes cancer as a "myth".
1429:
1128:
864:
5980:
5807:
5575:
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5101:
5081:
5026:
4971:
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4951:
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4871:
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4507:
4462:
4335:
3898:
Energy, Use Less—save More: 100 Energy-saving Tips for the Home
3608:
3035:
Into the Vietnamese Kitchen: Treasured Foodways, Modern Flavors
2888:
Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia: [Four Volumes]
2276:
2274:
2272:
2270:
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1637:
1362:
1345:
Overheating or over-using the frying oil leads to formation of
1179:
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975:
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812:
807:
736:
Deep-fried insects for human consumption sold at food stall in
231:
203:
which led to the development of many modern deep-fried dishes.
163:
143:
76:
32:
3785:
The Tra Vigne Cookbook: Seasons in the California Wine Country
2831:. Food culture around the world. Greenwood Press. p. 92.
2623:
Catharina Y.W. Ang; Keshun Liu; Yao-Wen Huang (5 April 1999).
338:
Japanese deep frying tools include long metal chopsticks; the
5351:
5096:
5056:
4991:
4981:
4861:
4527:
4472:
4287:
Deep Frying: Chemistry, Nutrition, and Practical Applications
3418:. Eyewitness travel guides. Dorling Kindersley. p. 521.
2957:
2557:
The Essence of Japanese Cuisine: An Essay on Food and Culture
2549:
2547:
2229:. 20 Questions-- Answered, Book One. Full Blast Productions.
1350:
1319:
1183:
1155:
1063:
582:, and Japanese tempura. Less common deep-fried foods include
387:
332:
183:
6074:
5447:
2828:
Food Culture in the Near East, Middle East, and North Africa
2309:
Cornelia Schinharl; Sebastian Dickhaut; Kelsey Lane (2003).
2267:
1714:
5734:
3641:
1920:
1194:
1191:
1071:
843:
64:
2723:
2544:
2451:"How To Clean A Deep Fryer – Deep Fat Fryer Cleaning"
1825:. Contemporary Food Engineering. CRC Press. pp. 6–7.
1765:
Food Preparation and Cooking: Cookery units. Student guide
1462:. Most commercial deep fryers are equipped with automatic
1101:. Since 2013, an American reality competition show called
335:
may be used to remove or separate foods from the hot oil.
207:
were invented in the mid-18th century, with foods such as
158:
offers a recipe for deep fried chicken in a cream source "
3581:
3506:
2941:
What is fried and has six legs? Welcome to Insect Cuisine
1756:
1200:
308:
285:
and baking soda can effectively clean affected surfaces.
60:
3893:
3565:. Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service. Archived from
3494:
Household use of solid fuels and high-temperature frying
552:, for instance, combines deep-fried fish and deep-fried
162:". The practice of deep frying spread to other parts of
4308:"Backstory: If you can think of it, he can deep fry it"
1814:
1812:
1643:
Eating deep-fried foods has also been linked to higher
1062:
Novelty deep-fried foods are popular today in American
350:
net ladle used for scooping out batter debris; and the
4207:
3699:
Glorious French Food: A Fresh Approach to the Classics
4256:"Deep fried food may be worse for you than you think"
4166:
3781:
3721:
3719:
3524:
3109:
3107:
2368:
2366:
2302:
1990:"Falafel, a dish the entire Middle East can agree on"
1963:"The true origins of 11 of your favorite fried foods"
170:
in the following centuries. Deep-fried foods such as
2791:
Blue-Collar Pop Culture: From NASCAR to Jersey Shore
2783:
2781:
2779:
2129:(1877–1954), Washington, D.C.; 26 March 1916; p. ES9
1809:
1696:
860:. Deep frying is also used to make several kinds of
142:
was eaten as early as the late 2nd millennium BC in
3860:
3614:
3472:
2905:
2820:
2818:
1792:
Techniques of Healthy Cooking, Professional Edition
815:. Fritters in Indonesia is generally identified as
3895:
3716:
3662:
3389:. Discovery Networks. 12 July 2013. Archived from
3104:
3058:
2878:
2860:. Country Regional Guides. Lonely Planet. p.
2853:
2408:
2406:
2363:
1874:
1846:
4167:Stender, S; Dyerberg, J; Astrup, A (April 2006).
3887:
3838:"Grease, wet wipes clog Metro Vancouver's sewers"
3815:. Everything (Cooking). Adams Media. p. 13.
3621:. James Lorimer Limited, Publishers. p. 60.
3445:
3256:"Deep-fried Mars bars disowned by chocolate firm"
2776:
2696:
2669:
1782:
6132:
3920:
3870:Biofuels: Sustainable Energy in the 21st Century
3802:
3405:
3218:
3143:"Chipping away at the history of fish and chips"
3062:Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos & the Greater Mekong
2815:
2652:"Eating Deep-Fried Maple Leaves Is Big in Japan"
2589:
937:
927:
912:
902:
892:
882:
872:
862:
848:
755:, include other styles besides tempura, such as
4143:"What's in that french fry? Fat varies by city"
4114:
3335:"25 Deep-Fried Foods From the Texas State Fair"
2222:
2166:"How Cajun deep fried turkey took over America"
1342:and other low molecular weight acid compounds.
3986:"Health Risks of Fried Foods May Be Overblown"
3782:Chiarello, M.; Wisner, P.; Petzke, K. (2008).
3695:
3587:
3008:"10 Most Popular Indonesian Deep-fried Dishes"
2729:
2553:
1551:Please review the contents of the section and
1469:Spilled hot cooking oil can also cause severe
5503:
4373:
3979:
3977:
3926:
3248:
2643:
2486:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 10–14.
2445:
2443:
2280:
2043:"Geography and history of the frying process"
464:
247:around the food, such as cornmeal, flour, or
4247:
3902:. Chelsea Green Publishing Company. p.
3689:
3452:. Storey Publishing, LLC. pp. 268–270.
3439:
2479:
481:List of Thai dishes § Deep-fried dishes
3326:
2794:(Volume 1 ed.). Praeger. p. 253.
2407:Pirie, G.; Clark, J.; Williams, C. (2006).
5510:
5496:
4380:
4366:
3974:
3702:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 550.
3274:
2616:
2517:
2473:
2457:. Deep Fryer Reviews Depot. Archived from
2440:
2411:Williams-Sonoma Bride & Groom Cookbook
2379:. Quintet Book. Running Press. p. 6.
1818:
1373:due to the high investment cost involved.
243:frying involves adding multiple layers of
4184:
3635:
3530:
3283:"What Happens When You Deep Fry An iPad?"
3087:"Hong Kong's best street food essentials"
2983:
2964:International Journal of Consumer Studies
2074:. New York. AFP RELAXNEWS. 1 January 2013
1670:Additionally, fat degradation processes (
1301:Learn how and when to remove this message
531:Learn how and when to remove this message
135:is attested from the early 20th century.
59:method in which food is submerged in hot
4283:
3948:
3866:
3752:
3534:Biological Effects of Cholesterol Oxides
3038:. Potter/TenSpeed/Harmony. p. 513.
2649:
2372:
1960:
1895:
1480:
1428:
1127:
731:
323:, used to gauge oil temperature. Tongs,
230:
114:
31:
4253:
3725:
3668:
3134:
3113:
2911:
2014:
1789:America, Culinary Institute of (2007).
1788:
14:
6133:
5517:
4027:Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
4013:. Cancer Research UK. 15 October 2021.
4011:"Can eating burnt foods cause cancer?"
3873:. In the News. Rosen Pub. p. 18.
3835:
3615:Ferrier, S.; Shuttleworth, T. (1982).
3332:
3031:
2884:
2787:
2702:
2595:
1509:into chips longer. This increases the
1493:Deep frying produces large amounts of
1201:Oil deterioration and chemical changes
1197:from Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
436:A strainer used in the preparation of
124:, the Portuguese ancestor of Japanese
5491:
4361:
3808:
3280:
3140:
2948:. 20 May 1992. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
2824:
2706:Make the Most of Your Time in Britain
2675:
2523:
2506:
2500:
2091:
2089:
1937:"Apicius, De Re Coquinaria — Book VI"
948:Deep-fried sticks of dough, known as
375:, for removing foods from the hot oil
6101:
4387:
4354:at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject
4305:
4003:
3648:. Pearson South Africa. p. 96.
3642:Trudie du Toit, Linda Botha (2007).
3537:. Taylor & Francis. p. 86.
3446:Krystina Castella (3 January 2012).
3411:
2560:. Taylor & Francis. p. 90.
2335:
2190:
1822:Advances in Deep-Fat Frying of Foods
1520:
1239:adding citations to reliable sources
1210:
1013:to be deep-fried in filtered fat of
625:being cooked in a row of deep fryers
513:adding citations to reliable sources
484:
6117:
3894:Jon Clift; Amanda Cuthbert (2007).
3696:James Peterson (29 February 2012).
2650:Fantozzi, Joanna (9 October 2014).
2626:Asian Foods: Science and Technology
1987:
1934:
36:A chef cooking traditional British
24:
4277:
4254:Ogilvie, Megan (10 October 2014).
3927:Murray, Sarah (14 December 2007).
2918:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 464.
2524:Tsuji, Shizuo (16 February 2007).
2223:Schreifer, K.; Sivell, J. (1997).
2086:
1146:and street food in South America.
588:peanut butter and jelly sandwiches
91:is used for this; industrially, a
25:
6167:
4328:
3983:
3511:Which oils are best to cook with?
3333:Gamble, Cole (5 September 2012).
3200:LWT - Food Science and Technology
2788:Booker, M. Keith (9 March 2012).
2730:Kaercher, D.; Stefko, B. (2006).
2554:Ashkenazi, M.; Jacob, J. (2013).
2281:Bittman, Mark (21 October 2013).
2251:"Deep Fat Frying and Food Safety"
2040:
1744:Deep frying (internet phenomenon)
821:, the most popular one including
6116:
6108:
6100:
6093:
6092:
6083:
6073:
5470:
5459:
5458:
5446:
4346:
4334:
3788:. Chronicle Books. p. 139.
3675:. Sweetwater Press. p. 11.
3531:Peng, S.K.; Morin, R.J. (1991).
3171:. Euro Fed Lipid. Archived from
3141:Zaino, Caitlin (19 April 2013).
2976:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2009.00795.x
2513:. p. 16. GGKEY:2LNT2E533SU.
2315:. Silverback Books. p. 26.
2163:
2015:Guttman, Vered (24 April 2012).
1881:Oxford English Dictionary Online
1853:Oxford English Dictionary Online
1713:
1699:
1617:
1525:
1489:, managed by a recycling company
1476:
1215:
1207:Deep fryer § Oil filtration
1123:
1042:
966:, popular deep fried snacks are
688:
673:
657:
642:
630:
615:
489:
444:
429:
409:
394:
380:
364:
251:; breadcrumbs may also be used.
5909:Indirect grilling/Plank cooking
4306:Kosa, Frank (16 October 2006).
4201:
4151:. 12 April 2006. Archived from
4135:
4108:
4069:
4017:
3829:
3746:
3551:
3515:
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3379:
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2184:
2157:
2132:
2115:
2060:
2047:grasasyaceites.revistas.csic.es
2034:
2008:
1961:Lapetina, Adam (22 July 2014).
1819:Sumnu, S.G.; Sahin, S. (2008).
1485:A bin for spent cooking oil in
1226:needs additional citations for
1051:is often used for deep-frying.
500:needs additional citations for
4226:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.06.021
3753:Anderson, L. V. (April 2015).
3232:. 10 July 2014. Archived from
3032:Nguyen, Andrea (1 June 2011).
2891:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 177–178.
2602:. Workman Publishing Company.
2527:Japanese Cooking: A Simple Art
2103:. Canadian National Exhibition
1981:
1954:
1928:
1867:
1839:
1553:add the appropriate references
610:has tried to cook it in oil".
186:as early as the 14th century.
44:, U.K. in 2007 in a deep fryer
13:
1:
4313:The Christian Science Monitor
3729:Beasley's Surgery of the Hand
3672:Food Porn Daily: The Cookbook
3588:Trudie du Toit, L.B. (2007).
3065:. Lonely Planet. p. 90.
2856:Lonely Planet Southern Africa
2758:"Photos: 75 deep fried foods"
2283:"Deep Fried and Good for You"
2191:Neal, Rome (4 October 2002).
1749:
3836:Carman, Tara (21 May 2015).
3481:. Supplementary issue: 1–17.
3281:Smith, Kevin (4 June 2012).
2709:. Rough Guides. p. 96.
957:deep-fried intestine of pigs
637:Deep-frying chicken in a pan
226:
7:
6151:Food preparation techniques
5751:Bain-marie (Double boiling)
4033:(18). Springer: 6117–6129.
2915:The Complete Asian Cookbook
2376:The Ultimate Fryer Cookbook
2097:"The History of Fried Food"
1692:
1538:reliable medical references
1182:, a fried dough popular in
1178:and fried in cow fat, the
1009:Belgian tradition requires
986:Many countries such as the
303:Deep frying is done with a
10:
6172:
6037:List of cooking appliances
5529:List of cooking techniques
5464:Category: Deep fried foods
2193:"The science of corn dogs"
1424:
1314:include the production of
1204:
1112:
601:In the United States, the
474:
468:
465:Dishes, foods, and culture
292:
199:, particularly around the
138:Deep-fried dough known as
110:
27:Cooking food under hot fat
6070:
6029:
5963:
5922:
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5841:
5785:
5778:
5743:
5687:
5646:
5639:
5599:
5568:
5542:
5535:
5526:
5441:
5433:List of fried dough foods
5420:
4395:
4039:10.1007/s00216-013-7004-0
3212:10.1016/j.lwt.2006.07.003
3117:Frying: Improving Quality
2682:. ABC-CLIO. p. 351.
2629:. CRC Press. p. 94.
2586:Retrieved on 18 May 2015.
2455:deepfryerreviewsdepot.com
1883:. Oxford University Press
1855:. Oxford University Press
1544:or relies too heavily on
1516:
981:
703:
477:List of fried dough foods
5428:List of deep fried foods
1739:Recovery time (culinary)
1734:List of deep fried foods
1511:carbon dioxide footprint
1464:fire suppression systems
1367:Deep-frying under vacuum
1162:cuerito in Paraguay and
910:(sweet potato pancake),
471:List of deep fried foods
288:
67:but today most commonly
6042:List of cooking vessels
5612:Grilling (charbroiling)
4284:Erickson, M.D. (2007).
3645:FCS Food Preparation L2
3591:FCS Food Preparation L2
2226:20 Questions-- Answered
727:
401:Slotted and perforated
131:The English expression
5617:Roasting (traditional)
5212:Rocky Mountain oysters
4693:Crispy tadyang ng baka
4096:Cite journal requires
3929:"The Deep-Fried Truth"
3732:. Thieme. p. 75.
3726:Beasley, R.W. (2003).
3114:Rossell, J.B. (2001).
2415:. Free Press. p.
1490:
1434:
1135:
1047:In the United States,
938:
935:(shrimp fritter), and
928:
913:
903:
893:
883:
873:
863:
856:are commonly eaten in
849:
744:
239:
128:
45:
5107:Pasztecik szczeciński
4847:General Tso's chicken
4115:NYC Board of Health.
3867:Johanson, P. (2010).
3618:The KidsFood Cookbook
2596:Taylor, J.M. (2013).
2480:James Villas (2013).
2373:Sweetser, W. (2004).
1941:penelope.uchicago.edu
1795:. Wiley. p. 86.
1484:
1432:
1190:a deep fried breaded
1131:
735:
356:oil drying rack pan.
234:
118:
75:used in conventional
51:(also referred to as
35:
6156:Culinary terminology
5476:Recipes on WikiBooks
4683:Crispy fried chicken
4568:Cassava-based dishes
4343:at Wikimedia Commons
4165:AP story concerning
3669:Simpson, A. (2010).
3387:"Deep Fried Masters"
2912:Solomon, C. (2006).
2676:Smith, A.F. (2013).
2584:. Cookingonline.com.
2342:Molecular Gastronomy
1996:. Fine Dining Lovers
1994:finedininglovers.com
1235:improve this article
680:Breaded, deep-fried
509:improve this article
321:cooking thermometers
71:, as opposed to the
5377:Triple Cooked Chips
4598:Chicken fried steak
4593:Chicken fried bacon
4186:10.1056/NEJMc052959
3412:Lang, L.B. (2010).
3312:The Huffington Post
2885:Albala, K. (2011).
2703:Guides, R. (2012).
2599:Deep-Fried Goodness
2127:The Washington Post
2123:The Washington Post
1437:Cooking oil is not
1097:, both invented by
1037:deep-fried Mars bar
959:is a popular food.
900:(hollow doughnut),
880:(fried rice ball),
6146:Cooking techniques
5914:Stir frying (chao)
5127:Peixinhos da horta
5072:Oreilles de crisse
4827:Fried sweet potato
4155:on 17 October 2015
4083:on 9 October 2016.
3934:The New York Times
3848:on 8 November 2020
3809:Singh, P. (2012).
3361:"Come fry with me"
3262:. 5 September 2012
3091:Time Out Hong Kong
3012:www.tasteatlas.com
2946:The New York Times
2825:Heine, P. (2004).
2288:The New York Times
1903:"Deep-Fried Foods"
1729:Lipid peroxidation
1672:lipid peroxidation
1665:Cancer Research UK
1491:
1471:third degree burns
1435:
1394:Laboratory –
1136:
1107:Discovery Networks
1103:deep-fried Masters
997:for deep-frying.
921:(banana fritter),
858:Vietnamese cuisine
827:(banana fritter),
778:such as Thailand,
745:
576:, Southeast Asian
371:A deep fryer with
307:, a pan such as a
240:
129:
121:Peixinhos da horta
46:
6128:
6127:
6057:Food preservation
5981:Burying in ground
5874:Carryover cooking
5862:
5861:
5774:
5773:
5635:
5634:
5581:Roasting (modern)
5485:
5484:
5032:Mozzarella sticks
4453:Barberton chicken
4339:Media related to
4297:978-1-893997-92-9
4123:on 6 October 2006
3962:. 28 January 2013
3913:978-1-933392-72-1
3880:978-1-4358-3584-9
3842:The Vancouver Sun
3822:978-1-4405-4168-1
3795:978-0-8118-6379-7
3739:978-1-58890-161-3
3709:978-0-544-18655-2
3682:978-1-59955-765-6
3655:978-1-86891-824-9
3628:978-0-88862-596-0
3601:978-1-86891-824-9
3544:978-0-8493-6776-2
3509:(London) undated
3459:978-1-60342-446-2
3425:978-0-7566-6082-6
3127:978-1-85573-556-9
2925:978-0-8048-3757-6
2898:978-0-313-37627-6
2871:978-1-74059-545-2
2838:978-0-313-32956-2
2764:. 21 January 2015
2743:978-0-7627-4072-7
2716:978-1-4053-8861-0
2689:978-1-61069-233-5
2636:978-1-56676-736-1
2609:978-0-7611-7973-3
2567:978-1-136-81549-2
2537:978-4-7700-3049-8
2493:978-1-118-13076-6
2426:978-0-7432-7855-3
2386:978-0-7624-1963-0
2356:978-0-231-13312-8
2322:978-1-930603-65-3
2236:978-1-895451-21-4
1832:978-1-4200-5559-7
1802:978-0-470-05232-7
1775:978-0-7487-2566-3
1626:
1625:
1602:
1460:firefighting foam
1448:fire extinguisher
1311:
1310:
1303:
1285:
1095:deep-fried butter
1017:, locally called
842:Deep-fried fish,
651:deep-fried turkey
541:
540:
533:
360:Deep frying tools
213:deep-fried turkey
160:Pullus leucozomus
146:. Frying food in
40:establishment in
16:(Redirected from
6163:
6141:Deep fried foods
6120:
6119:
6112:
6104:
6103:
6096:
6095:
6090:Drink portal
6088:
6087:
6086:
6078:
6077:
6052:Food preparation
5940:Pressure cooking
5783:
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5643:
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5539:
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5505:
5498:
5489:
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5474:
5462:
5461:
5451:
5450:
5217:Róża karnawałowa
4608:Chicken lollipop
4498:Bolinho de chuva
4389:Deep fried foods
4382:
4375:
4368:
4359:
4358:
4350:
4338:
4324:
4322:
4320:
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4271:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4260:The Toronto Star
4251:
4245:
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4205:
4199:
4198:
4188:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4139:
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4132:
4130:
4128:
4119:. Archived from
4112:
4106:
4105:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4084:
4079:. Archived from
4073:
4067:
4066:
4021:
4015:
4014:
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4001:
4000:
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3996:
3981:
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3918:
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3891:
3885:
3884:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3844:. Archived from
3833:
3827:
3826:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3779:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3723:
3714:
3713:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3563:cambsfire.gov.uk
3555:
3549:
3548:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3513:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3367:. 8 October 2009
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3287:Business Insider
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3206:(6): 1008–1017.
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3169:eurofedlipid.org
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2955:
2949:
2938:Newman, Judith.
2936:
2930:
2929:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2859:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2822:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2785:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2593:
2587:
2585:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2447:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2414:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2278:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2136:
2130:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2093:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1988:Antunes, Sonny.
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1935:Curtius, Lacus.
1932:
1926:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1878:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1760:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1560:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1386:free fatty acids
1306:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1243:
1219:
1211:
1087:Texas State Fair
1030:virgin olive oil
943:
933:
919:
908:
898:
888:
878:
868:
854:
724:, among others.
692:
677:
661:
646:
634:
619:
608:Mason-Dixon line
556:. French fries,
536:
529:
525:
522:
516:
493:
485:
448:
433:
413:
398:
384:
368:
276:
275:
271:
268:
238:being deep-fried
152:Classical Greece
63:, traditionally
21:
6171:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6160:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6084:
6082:
6080:Food portal
6072:
6066:
6047:Outdoor cooking
6025:
5959:
5955:Thermal cooking
5945:Pressure frying
5918:
5858:
5837:
5770:
5761:Double steaming
5739:
5683:
5631:
5595:
5564:
5555:Hot salt frying
5531:
5522:
5516:
5486:
5481:
5453:Food portal
5445:
5437:
5416:
5337:Toasted ravioli
5167:Popcorn Chicken
5162:Pommes dauphine
4882:Jalapeño popper
4852:Gobi manchurian
4807:Fried mushrooms
4802:Fried ice cream
4678:Crinkle-cutting
4588:Chicken fingers
4483:Bikaneri bhujia
4391:
4386:
4352:Deep Fat Frying
4331:
4318:
4316:
4298:
4280:
4278:Further reading
4275:
4274:
4264:
4262:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4206:
4202:
4173:N. Engl. J. Med
4158:
4156:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4113:
4109:
4097:
4095:
4086:
4085:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4022:
4018:
4009:
4008:
4004:
3994:
3992:
3984:Davis, Robert.
3982:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3865:
3861:
3851:
3849:
3834:
3830:
3823:
3807:
3803:
3796:
3780:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3751:
3747:
3740:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3640:
3636:
3629:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3570:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3545:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3516:
3505:
3501:
3490:
3486:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3444:
3440:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3393:on 14 June 2015
3385:
3384:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3339:mentalfloss.com
3331:
3327:
3317:
3315:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3175:on 15 June 2015
3163:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3139:
3135:
3128:
3112:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3057:
3053:
3046:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2956:
2952:
2937:
2933:
2926:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2823:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2786:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2762:Chicago Tribune
2756:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2522:
2518:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2462:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2279:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2221:
2217:
2203:
2201:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2170:seriouseats.com
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2041:I. D., Morton.
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1933:
1929:
1912:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1833:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1561:
1550:
1546:primary sources
1530:
1526:
1519:
1479:
1427:
1400:anisidine value
1307:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1244:
1242:
1232:
1220:
1209:
1203:
1126:
1115:
1045:
984:
945:(pillow cake).
890:(sesame ball),
811:(fishcake) and
730:
706:
699:
693:
684:
678:
669:
662:
653:
647:
638:
635:
626:
620:
603:Chicago Tribune
545:street cuisines
537:
526:
520:
517:
506:
494:
483:
473:
467:
460:
449:
440:
434:
425:
414:
405:
399:
390:
385:
376:
369:
301:
293:Main articles:
291:
273:
269:
266:
264:
229:
178:arrived in the
150:is attested in
113:
53:deep fat frying
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6169:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6126:
6125:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5889:Caramelization
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5823:Shallow frying
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5789:
5787:
5780:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5650:
5648:
5641:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5537:
5533:
5532:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5515:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5492:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5467:
5455:
5442:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5387:Vegetable chip
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5362:Tornado potato
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5247:Sesame chicken
5244:
5239:
5234:
5232:Savoury pattie
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5112:Patatas bravas
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5067:Orange chicken
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4917:Keripik sanjay
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4745:Fish and chips
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4710:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4643:Coconut shrimp
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4613:Chicken nugget
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4563:Cashew chicken
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4518:Breaded cutlet
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4493:Blooming onion
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4433:Banana fritter
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4385:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4344:
4330:
4329:External links
4327:
4326:
4325:
4303:
4296:
4290:. AOCS Press.
4279:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4246:
4214:Food Chemistry
4200:
4179:(15): 1650–2.
4134:
4107:
4098:|journal=
4068:
4016:
4002:
3973:
3947:
3919:
3912:
3886:
3879:
3859:
3828:
3821:
3801:
3794:
3771:
3745:
3738:
3715:
3708:
3688:
3681:
3661:
3654:
3634:
3627:
3607:
3600:
3580:
3569:on 20 May 2015
3550:
3543:
3523:
3514:
3499:
3484:
3465:
3458:
3438:
3424:
3404:
3378:
3352:
3341:. Mental Floss
3325:
3299:
3273:
3247:
3236:on 24 May 2015
3217:
3186:
3156:
3133:
3126:
3103:
3078:
3071:
3051:
3045:978-1607741411
3044:
3024:
2999:
2970:(6): 669–675.
2950:
2931:
2924:
2904:
2897:
2877:
2870:
2844:
2837:
2814:
2801:978-0313391989
2800:
2775:
2749:
2742:
2722:
2715:
2695:
2688:
2668:
2642:
2635:
2615:
2608:
2588:
2573:
2566:
2543:
2536:
2516:
2499:
2492:
2472:
2461:on 10 May 2015
2439:
2425:
2399:
2385:
2362:
2355:
2328:
2321:
2301:
2266:
2242:
2235:
2215:
2183:
2172:. Serious Eats
2164:Moss, Robert.
2156:
2131:
2114:
2085:
2059:
2033:
2007:
1980:
1953:
1927:
1894:
1866:
1838:
1831:
1808:
1801:
1781:
1774:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1710:
1707:Cooking portal
1694:
1691:
1630:saturated fats
1624:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1533:
1531:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1478:
1475:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1392:
1389:
1382:
1355:polymerization
1347:rancid-tasting
1332:polymerization
1309:
1308:
1223:
1221:
1214:
1202:
1199:
1125:
1122:
1114:
1111:
1105:, produced by
1044:
1041:
1019:blanc de boeuf
999:Fish and chips
988:United Kingdom
983:
980:
955:In Hong Kong,
776:Southeast Asia
729:
726:
705:
702:
701:
700:
694:
687:
685:
679:
672:
670:
663:
656:
654:
648:
641:
639:
636:
629:
627:
621:
614:
550:Fish and chips
539:
538:
497:
495:
488:
469:Main article:
466:
463:
462:
461:
450:
443:
441:
435:
428:
426:
420:, including a
415:
408:
406:
400:
393:
391:
386:
379:
377:
370:
363:
361:
325:slotted spoons
290:
287:
228:
225:
201:American South
112:
109:
93:pressure fryer
83:. Normally, a
73:shallow frying
38:fish and chips
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6168:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6123:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6099:
6091:
6081:
6076:
6069:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5849:Gentle frying
5847:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
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5790:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5744:Indirect heat
5742:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
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5698:
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5680:
5677:
5675:
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5610:
5608:
5605:
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5598:
5592:
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5579:
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5513:
5508:
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5501:
5499:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5456:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:Yin Yang fish
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5367:Tortilla chip
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5312:Taro dumpling
5310:
5308:
5307:Tapioca chips
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5222:Sabudana vada
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5182:Prawn cracker
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5147:Pescado frito
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
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5103:
5100:
5098:
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5093:
5090:
5088:
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5083:
5080:
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5075:
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5053:
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5033:
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5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
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4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
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4955:
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4908:
4905:
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4898:
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4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4867:Haggis pakora
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
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4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4761:
4760:Fried chicken
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4740:Finger steaks
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4709:
4706:
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4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4603:Chicken katsu
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4558:Cașcaval pane
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
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4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
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4479:
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4474:
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4459:
4456:
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4449:
4446:
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4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4408:Agedashi dĹŤfu
4406:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4371:
4369:
4364:
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4349:
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4219:
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4204:
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4111:
4103:
4090:
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4072:
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4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4006:
3991:
3987:
3980:
3978:
3961:
3960:fredhutch.org
3957:
3951:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3923:
3915:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3899:
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3611:
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3592:
3584:
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3536:
3535:
3527:
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3512:
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3503:
3495:
3488:
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3476:
3469:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3427:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3408:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3366:
3365:The Economist
3362:
3356:
3340:
3336:
3329:
3314:. 4 June 2012
3313:
3309:
3303:
3288:
3284:
3277:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3190:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3144:
3137:
3129:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3110:
3108:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3074:
3072:9781741047615
3068:
3064:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3028:
3013:
3009:
3003:
2995:
2991:
2986:
2981:
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2763:
2759:
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2739:
2735:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2672:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2611:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2592:
2583:
2582:"Deep frying"
2577:
2569:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2550:
2548:
2539:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2503:
2495:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2476:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2403:
2388:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2367:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2305:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2252:
2246:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2212:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2022:
2018:
2011:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1968:
1967:thrillist.com
1964:
1957:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1922:
1908:
1907:cooksinfo.com
1904:
1898:
1882:
1877:
1870:
1854:
1849:
1848:""deep", adj"
1842:
1834:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:heart attacks
1650:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1615:
1611:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569: –
1568:
1567:"Deep frying"
1564:
1563:Find sources:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:This section
1532:
1523:
1522:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1487:Austin, Texas
1483:
1477:Environmental
1474:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1416:
1415:triglycerides
1412:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1371:food industry
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:isomerization
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:free radicals
1305:
1302:
1294:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252: –
1251:
1250:"Deep frying"
1247:
1246:Find sources:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1224:This section
1222:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1130:
1124:South America
1121:
1119:
1118:Fish and chip
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:Abel Gonzales
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:North America
1040:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
993:
989:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
960:
958:
953:
951:
946:
944:
942:
941:
934:
932:
931:
924:
920:
918:
916:
909:
907:
906:
899:
897:
896:
889:
887:
886:
879:
877:
876:
869:
867:
866:
859:
855:
853:
852:
845:
840:
838:
837:
832:
831:
830:bakwan jagung
826:
825:
824:pisang goreng
820:
819:
814:
810:
809:
804:
803:
798:
797:
792:
788:
783:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
743:
739:
734:
725:
723:
722:
717:
716:
711:
698:
691:
686:
683:
676:
671:
667:
660:
655:
652:
645:
640:
633:
628:
624:
618:
613:
612:
611:
609:
604:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
535:
532:
524:
514:
510:
504:
503:
498:This section
496:
492:
487:
486:
482:
478:
472:
458:
454:
447:
442:
439:
432:
427:
423:
419:
412:
407:
404:
403:wooden spoons
397:
392:
389:
383:
378:
374:
373:slotted spoon
367:
362:
359:
358:
357:
355:
354:
349:
348:
343:
342:
336:
334:
330:
329:wooden spoons
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
300:
296:
286:
282:
278:
261:
256:
252:
250:
246:
237:
233:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
134:
127:
123:
122:
117:
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
5923:Device-based
5867:Mixed medium
5812:
5720:Slow cooking
5550:Dry roasting
5469:
5457:
5332:Three-in-One
5297:Sweet shells
5277:Spam fritter
5192:Rambak petis
4957:Krupuk kulit
4897:Kakara pitha
4822:Fried shrimp
4817:Fried pickle
4755:Fried cheese
4750:French fries
4668:Crab Rangoon
4653:Corn fritter
4633:Chugchucaras
4538:Cactus fries
4523:Buffalo wing
4513:Bread pakora
4488:Bitterballen
4388:
4317:. Retrieved
4311:
4286:
4263:. Retrieved
4259:
4249:
4237:. Retrieved
4217:
4213:
4203:
4176:
4172:
4157:. Retrieved
4153:the original
4146:
4137:
4125:. Retrieved
4121:the original
4110:
4089:cite journal
4081:the original
4071:
4030:
4026:
4019:
4005:
3993:. Retrieved
3989:
3964:. Retrieved
3959:
3950:
3938:. Retrieved
3932:
3922:
3897:
3889:
3869:
3862:
3850:. Retrieved
3846:the original
3841:
3831:
3811:
3804:
3784:
3762:. Retrieved
3758:
3748:
3728:
3698:
3691:
3671:
3664:
3644:
3637:
3617:
3610:
3590:
3583:
3571:. Retrieved
3567:the original
3562:
3553:
3533:
3526:
3517:
3502:
3493:
3487:
3478:
3468:
3448:
3441:
3429:. Retrieved
3414:
3407:
3395:. Retrieved
3391:the original
3381:
3369:. Retrieved
3364:
3355:
3343:. Retrieved
3338:
3328:
3316:. Retrieved
3311:
3302:
3290:. Retrieved
3286:
3276:
3264:. Retrieved
3259:
3250:
3238:. Retrieved
3234:the original
3229:
3220:
3203:
3199:
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6062:Food safety
5950:Slow cooker
5935:Microwaving
5828:Stir frying
5813:Deep frying
5607:Charbroiler
5292:Stinky tofu
5267:Smažený sýr
5257:Shankarpali
5177:Potato chip
5037:Nadur Monji
4892:Kaassoufflé
4812:Fried onion
4792:Fried dough
4782:Fried clams
4688:Crispy pata
4673:Creier pane
4623:Chimichanga
4553:Carrot chip
4458:Batata vada
4423:Banana chip
4341:Deep frying
4220:: 663–670.
3559:"Chip pans"
3230:NHS Choices
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2337:This, Hervé
1721:Food portal
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1291:August 2021
1164:Torta frita
1158:, known as
1152:sopaipillas
1068:electronics
1057:New Orleans
1049:soybean oil
836:tahu goreng
833:(corn) and
805:(catfish),
799:(chicken),
796:ayam goreng
721:koeksisters
695:Deep fried
664:Deep-fried
594:, Mars and
572:deep-fried
566:hushpuppies
562:onion rings
209:onion rings
180:Middle East
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6135:Categories
5996:Fermenting
5930:Air frying
5879:Barbecuing
5818:Pan frying
5798:Blackening
5725:Smothering
5669:Parboiling
5622:Rotisserie
5569:Convection
5543:Conduction
5521:techniques
5317:Tater tots
5237:Scotch egg
5157:Pizza puff
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4583:Chicken 65
4578:ChicharrĂłn
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4302:447 pages.
2259:8 December
2072:Daily News
1969:. Trillist
1750:References
1661:acrylamide
1634:trans fats
1578:newspapers
1359:acrylamide
1336:hydrolysis
1324:hydrolysis
1261:newspapers
1205:See also:
1176:animal fat
1091:fried Coke
964:South Asia
915:bánh chuối
802:pecel lele
765:Kushikatsu
475:See also:
353:abura-kiri
317:Dutch oven
305:deep fryer
295:Deep fryer
133:deep-fried
85:deep fryer
81:frying pan
79:done in a
42:Manchester
18:Deep fried
5904:Fricassee
5894:Deglazing
5786:High heat
5779:Fat-based
5756:Sous-vide
5715:Simmering
5679:Reduction
5664:Decoction
5654:Blanching
5647:High heat
5600:Radiation
5412:Yumil-gwa
5342:Tokneneng
5302:Tangsuyuk
5282:Spice bag
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4698:Croquette
4663:Crab puff
4638:Clam cake
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4403:Abura-age
4159:7 January
4127:7 January
4047:1618-2650
3759:slate.com
3415:Australia
2101:theex.com
1503:biodiesel
1495:waste oil
1439:flammable
1411:compounds
1404:viscosity
1351:oxidation
1320:oxidation
1168:Argentina
1076:Game Boys
895:bánh tiêu
787:Indonesia
747:Japanese
666:swordfish
558:doughnuts
521:July 2021
438:empanadas
418:strainers
236:Smultring
227:Technique
221:fast food
217:corn dogs
205:Doughnuts
197:cast iron
148:olive oil
140:Zalabiyeh
6114:Cookbook
6098:Category
6030:See also
6006:Pickling
5964:Non-heat
5884:Braising
5854:Sweating
5842:Low heat
5833:Sautéing
5803:Browning
5766:Steaming
5730:Steeping
5710:Poaching
5705:Infusion
5700:Creaming
5695:Coddling
5688:Low heat
5674:Shocking
5627:Toasting
5591:Barbecue
5372:Tostones
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5087:Panipuri
5052:Nuegados
5007:Mars bar
4937:King Rib
4912:Kelewele
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4648:Corn dog
4478:Bhatoora
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4234:27374582
4195:16611965
4148:NBC News
4055:23657457
3260:BBC News
3017:20 April
2994:21547247
2656:ABC News
2339:(2006).
2198:CBS News
2144:ifood.tv
1693:See also
1657:diabetes
1647:levels,
1499:fatbergs
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1148:Picarone
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940:bánh gối
930:bánh tôm
885:bánh cam
875:bánh rán
839:(tofu).
818:gorengan
791:palm oil
769:Tonkatsu
742:Thailand
682:calamari
596:Snickers
579:jin deui
574:pancakes
570:you Bing
554:potatoes
416:Various
313:chip pan
299:chip pan
260:steaming
89:chip pan
6106:Commons
6021:Souring
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6001:Juicing
5976:Brining
5793:Basting
5735:Stewing
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5586:Smoking
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4418:Avocado
4239:2 March
3764:31 July
3179:12 June
2985:3086925
2021:Haaretz
1686:insulin
1649:obesity
1638:cancers
1592:scholar
1557:removed
1425:Hazards
1396:acidity
1381:causes.
1363:starchy
1275:scholar
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925:–style
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753:Agemono
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457:tempura
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176:Falafel
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156:Apicius
126:tempura
111:History
57:cooking
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5899:Flambé
5808:Frying
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5421:Lists
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5287:Squid
5152:Pizza
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4241:2021
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