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1048:. Clarkson Stanfield created a diorama re-enactment of the event, which premiered on 20 April of the same year; it employed a "safe fire" via chemical reaction as a special effect. On 27 May, the "safe" fire proved to be less safe than planned: it set a real fire in the painted cloths of the imitation fire, which burned down the theater and all of its dioramas.
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making a clay sculpture of the animal. This sculpture is made over the actual, posed skeleton of the animal, with reference to moulds and measurements taken on the field. A papier-mâché mannequin is prepared from the clay sculpture, and the animal's tanned skin is sewn onto the mannequin. Glass eyes substitute the real ones.
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via skylights, screens, shutters, and colored blinds. Depending on the direction and intensity of the skillfully manipulated light, the scene would appear to change. The effect was so subtle and finely rendered that both critics and the public were astounded, believing they were looking at a natural scene.
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to surround the display without seams joining different panels. At times the wall also curves upward to meet the light above and form a sky. By having a curved wall, whatever the artist paints will be distorted by perspective; it is the artist's job to paint in such a way that minimises this distortion.
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Preparations for the background begin in the field, where an artist takes photographs and sketches references pieces. Once back at the museum, the artist has to depict the scenery with as much realism as possible. The challenge lies in the fact that the wall used is curved: this allows the background
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Natural history dioramas seek to imitate nature and, since their conception in the late 19th century, aim to "nurture a reverence for nature beauty and grandeur". They have also been described as a means to visually preserve nature as different environments change due to human involvement. They were
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In the 19th and beginning 20th century, building dioramas of sailing ships had been a popular handcraft of mariners. Building a diorama instead of a normal model had the advantage that in the diorama, the model was protected inside the framework and could easily be stowed below the bunk or behind the
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The foreground is created to mimic the ground, plants and other accessories to scenery. The ground, hills, rocks, and large trees are created with wood, wire mesh, and plaster. Smaller trees are either used in their entirety or replicated using casts. Grasses and shrubs can be preserved in solution
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dioramas derive not only from
Daguerre's work, but also from that of taxidermists, who were used to preparing specimens for either science or spectacle. It was only with the dioramas' precursors (and, later on, dioramas) that both these objectives merged. Popular diorama precursors were produced by
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were influenced to create large and highly dramatic pictures by the sensational dioramas and panoramas of their day. In one case, the connection between life and diorama art became intensely circular. On 1 February 1829, John Martin's brother
Jonathan, known as "Mad Martin," set fire to the roof of
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was 24 feet (7.3 m) wide by 21 feet (6.4 m) high (7.3 meters x 6.4 meters). Each scene was hand-painted on linen, which was made transparent in selected areas. A series of these multi-layered, linen panels were arranged in a deep, truncated tunnel, then illuminated by sunlight re-directed
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in which objects of identical real-world size placed farther from the observer appear smaller than those closer. Often the distant painted background or sky will be painted upon a continuous curved surface so that the viewer is not distracted by corners, seams, or edges. All of these techniques are
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Like historical dioramas, natural history dioramas are a mix of two- and three-dimensional elements. What sets natural history dioramas apart from other categories is the use of taxidermy in addition to the foreground replicas and painted background. The use of taxidermy means that natural history
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to help in the construction of dioramas depicting notable events in
English history. But due to the war, many of the figures arrived in England incomplete. The task of turning Gottstein's ideas into reality fell to his English friends and those friends who had managed to escape from the Continent.
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produced ever-more elaborate (moving) dioramas through the 1830s; sound effects and even living performers were added. Some "typical diorama effects included moonlit nights, winter snow turning into a summer meadow, rainbows after a storm, illuminated fountains," waterfalls, thunder and lightning,
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in 1876. The complex diorama featured taxidermied animals in realistic action poses, running water, and live prairie dogs. It is speculated that this display was the first of its kind . Maxwell's pioneering diorama work is said to have influenced major figures in taxidermy history who entered the
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was found to be inaccurate and had to be redesigned. The names of the vast majority of painters employed by
Gottstein are mostly unknown, most lived and worked on the continent, among them Gustave Kenmow, Leopold Rieche, L. Dunekate, M. Alexandre, A. Ochel, Honey Ray, and, perhaps Gottstein's top
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Taxidermy specimens are usually the centrepiece of dioramas. Since they must entertain, as well as educate, specimens are set in lifelike poses, so as to convey a narrative of an animal's life. Smaller animals are usually made with rubber moulds and painted. Larger animals are prepared by first
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Modern museum dioramas may be seen in most major natural-history museums. Typically, these displays use a tilted plane to represent what would otherwise be a level surface, incorporate a painted background of distant objects, and often employ false perspective, carefully modifying the scale of
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Soon, the concern for accuracy came. Groups of scientists, taxidermists, and artists would go on expeditions to ensure accurate backgrounds and collect specimens, though some would be donated by game hunters. Natural history dioramas reached the peak of their grandeur with the opening of the
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Daguerre's and Bouton's diorama consisted of a piece of material painted on both sides. When illuminated from the front, the scene would be shown in one state and by switching to illumination from behind another phase or aspect would be seen. Scenes in daylight changed to moonlight, a train
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Dennis (Denny) C. Stokes, a talented painter and diorama maker in his own right, was responsible for the painting of the backgrounds of all the dioramas, creating a unity seen throughout the whole series. Denny Stokes was given the overall supervision of the fifteen dioramas.
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in 1936, which featured large animals, such as elephants, surrounded by even larger scenery. Nowadays, various institutions lay different claims to notable dioramas. The
Milwaukee Public Museum still displays the world's first diorama, created by Akeley; the
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Krunert, Schirmer, Frank, Frauendorf, Maier, Franz Rieche, and
Oesterrich were also involved in the manufacture and design of figures for the various dioramas. Krunert (a Viennese), like Gottstein an exile in London, was given the job of engraving for
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is a replica of a scene, typically a three-dimensional model either full-sized or miniature. Sometimes it is enclosed in a glass showcase for a museum. Dioramas are often built by hobbyists as part of related hobbies such as
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San
Francisco filmmaker James Chan is producing and directing a documentary about Wong and the "changing landscape of Chinatown" in San Francisco. The documentary is tentatively titled, "Frank Wong's Chinatown".
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Denny Stokes painted all the backgrounds of all the dioramas, Herbert Norris, the
Historical Costume Designer, whom J. F. Lovel-Barnes introduced to Gottstein, was responsible for the costume design of the
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means of presenting a realistic view of a large scene in a compact space. A photograph or single-eye view of such a diorama can be especially convincing, since in this case there is no distraction by the
701:, who was an avid collector and designer of flat model figures called flats. In 1930, Gottstein's influence is first seen at the Leipzig International Exhibition, along with the dioramas of Hahnemann of
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at about 7.45 pm, on 18 June 1815. The diorama measures 8.33 by 6 metres (27.3 by 19.7 ft) and used around 70,000 model soldiers in its construction. It is now part of the collection of the
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Exhibition venues : Paris (Pa.1822-28) : London (Lo.1823-32) : Liverpool (Li.1827-32) : Manchester (Ma.1825-27) : Dublin (Du.1826-28) : Edinburgh (Ed.1828-36)
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in 1889, where it is still held. Akeley set taxidermy muskrats in a three-dimensional re-creation of their wetland habitat with a realistic painted background. With the support of curator
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Miniature dioramas are typically much smaller, and use scale models and landscaping to create historical or fictional scenes. Such a scale model-based diorama is used, for example, in
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in London was opened by an association of
British men (having bought Daguerre's tableaux) in 1823, a year after the debut of Daguerre's Paris original. The building was designed by
500:(1787–1851), formerly a decorator, manufacturer of mirrors, painter of Panoramas, and designer and painter of theatrical stage illusions. Daguerre would later co-invent the
950:; according to the curator, the diorama had not been in his possession since 1980, nor is it listed in their Accession Book, so the whereabouts of this diorama is unknown.
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in the background contrasted with two or three-dimensional models in the foreground. In
California elementary schools, a popular assignment has fourth graders making a
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Landscapes built around model railways can also be considered dioramas, even though they often have to compromise scale accuracy for better operating characteristics.
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Early natural history diorama at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition created by Martha Maxwell. Stereograph image produced by Centennial Photographic Company
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pieces. These dioramas range from small vignettes to large, table-sized displays, and are sometimes constructed in a collaboration of two or more people. Some
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extremely popular during the first half of the 20th century, both in the US and UK, later on giving way to television, film, and new perspectives on science.
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of his youth during the 1930s and 1940s. In 2004, Wong donated seven miniatures of scenes of Chinatown, titled "The Chinatown Miniatures Collection", to the
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Museum. When the museum was closed the fifteen dioramas were distributed to various museums and institutions. The greatest number are to be found at the
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Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006; p. 13–14.
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Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006, p. 18.
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Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006, p. 16.
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Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006; p. 15.
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Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006; p. 10.
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Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006; p. 8.
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If an animal is large enough, the scaffolding that holds the specimen needs to be incorporated into the foreground design and construction.
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Stephen Christopher Quinn, Windows on Nature: The Great Habitat Dioramas of the American Museum of Natural History, Abrams, New York, 2006.
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Miniature dioramas may be used to represent scenes from historic events. A typical example of this type is the dioramas to be seen at
1444:"Model of the field of Waterloo made by Captain William Siborne, 1838 | Online Collection | National Army Museum, London"
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Carla Yanni, Nature's Museums: Victorian Science and the Architecture of Display, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, p. 150.
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Nonetheless, dioramas remained popular in England, Scotland, and Ireland through most of the 19th century, lasting until 1880.
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painter, Vladimir Douchkine (a Russian émigré who lived in Paris). Douchkine was responsible for painting two figures of the
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of a landscape typically showing historical events, nature scenes or cityscapes, for purposes of education or entertainment.
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Playing at the world : a history of simulating wars, people and fantastic adventures, from chess to role-playing games
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The current, popular understanding of the term "diorama" denotes a partially three-dimensional, full-size replica or
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Elizabeth Hanson, Animal Attractions: Nature on Display in American Zoos, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 91.
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from Bucharest Romania and constituted a source of inspiration for many important museums in the world (such as the
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diorama for an elementary school class project; the featured subject is a maternal great-grandfather of the student
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Hobbyists also build dioramas of historical or quasi-historical events using a variety of materials, including
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The Diorama was a popular entertainment that originated in Paris in 1822. An alternative to the also popular "
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Until 1968, Britain boasted a large collection of dioramas. These collections were originally housed in the
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The Regent's Park diorama was a popular sensation, and spawned immediate imitations. British artists like
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An early, and exceptionally large example was created between 1830 and 1838 by a British Army officer.
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and ringing bells. A diorama painted by Daguerre is currently housed in the church of the French town
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dioramas in museums became less fashionable, leading to many being removed, dismantled or destroyed.
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is housed in the Staffordshire Regiment Museum at Whittington near Lichfield in Staffordshire, UK
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is charged with the creation of all dioramas and otherwise immersive environments in the museum.
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travelling on a track would crash, or an earthquake would be shown in before and after pictures.
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opened in 1893. It had several dioramas, over three floors. They were also implemented by the
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1674:: Issue One – April 1986. The Gottstein Dioramas - England's Flat Heritage. By Jan Redley.
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of military vehicles, ships or other equipment, along with scale figures and landscaping.
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1792:"Image of polyrama panoptique, french, 1820-30. by Science & Society Picture Library"
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is known for its three dioramas, all created in 1893, and all in original condition; the
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sea chest. Nowadays, such antique sailing ship dioramas are valuable collectors' items.
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on September 29, 1823. The meaning "small-scale replica of a scene, etc." is from 1902.
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The word "diorama" originated in 1823 as a type of picture-viewing device, from the
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di- "through" + orama "that which is seen, a sight". The diorama was invented by
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The first habitat diorama created for a museum was constructed by taxidermist
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One of the largest dioramas ever created was a model of the entire State of
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was created during World War II on the basis of information then available.
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in 1822. The word literally means "through that which is seen", from the
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1463:"Is the End Coming for a Problematic California Grade School Tradition?"
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R. D. Wood's Essays on the early history of photography and the Diorama
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A diorama example: Mountain landscape with epoxy resin stream and lake
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held an exhibition featuring taxidermy birds set on models of plants.
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Natural History Dioramas: History, Construction and Educational Role
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could display images in the home and was marketed from the 1820s.
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L.J.M. Daguerre, The History of The Diorama and the Daguerreotype
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1691:"Frank Wong recalls life in Chinatown through miniature dioramas"
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or dried to then be added to the diorama. Ground debris, such as
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The world's largest collection of antique sailing ship dioramas
1954:"Museum Dioramas Are as Endangered as the Animals They Contain"
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1713:""Chinatown in Miniature" Presentation by Artist Frank Wong"
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The state of these dioramas is one of debate; John Garratt (
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Dioramas Muzeul National de Istorie Naturala Grigore Antipa
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1544:"The Diorama in Great Britain by R. D. Wood: Introduction"
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Diorama Exhibition at the American Natural History Museum
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2039:"The new LEGO House is the ultimate homage to the brick"
887:, (130-9th Avenue, S. E. Calgary, Alberta, Canada): RE:
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Natural history dioramas typically consist of 3 parts:
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This article is about the display. For other uses, see
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The Landing of the Romans under Julius Caesar in 55 BC
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One of the first uses of dioramas in a museum was in
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A predecessor of Akeley, naturalist and taxidermist
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A diorama video taken using an Olympus E-PM1 camera
1644:. San Diego: Unreason Press LLC. pp. 270–272.
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1737:. Good Medicine Picture Company. Archived from
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810:(figures by Ochel and Petrocochino/Paul Armont)
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1519:"Haw Par Villa looks set for another makeover"
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255:A diorama in the Museum of Natural History in
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2138:A tutorial on how to make a miniature diorama
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1983:. Guinness World Records. 2016. p. 46.
905:The Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava
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1980:Guinness World Records 2017 Gamer's Edition
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1627:About the diorama on Bry's official website
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1672:Journal of the British Flat Figure Society
2088:Tunnicliffe, S.D.; Scheersoi, A. (2014).
1761:"Frank Wong and His Chinatown Miniatures"
1308:engage in the building of Lego dioramas.
1250:Learn how and when to remove this message
1158:created a famous habitat diorama for the
661:Learn how and when to remove this message
2094:. EBL-Schweitzer. Springer Netherlands.
1939:Tunnicliffe & Scheersoi, 2014, p. 2.
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1403:Tunnicliffe & Scheersoi, 2014, p. 8.
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1600:, London, Phaidon Press, 1999; p. 156.
1460:
456:
2167:
1498:Chinese Historical Society of America
977:Chinese Historical Society of America
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1232:adding citations to reliable sources
1203:
639:adding citations to reliable sources
606:
2193:
2133:World War II Dioramas in 1:35 scale
1631:
1613:All about Daguerre's diorama in Bry
1567:Schaack-Millet, Marion (May 2018).
1516:
1413:Diorama - Word Origin & History
1023:This photorealistic diorama of the
24:
1689:Guthrie, Julian (23 August 2014).
1178:American Museum of Natural History
1141:American Museum of Natural History
1061:
504:, the first widely used method of
390:Interior of the Ten Courts of Hell
188:American Museum of Natural History
70:American Museum of Natural History
25:
2654:
2613:Audiovisual introductions in 1822
2116:
1510:
1479:
1072:Finnish Museum of Natural History
689:and elsewhere, some ending up in
47:Jawaharlal Nehru Museum, Itanagar
2587:
2586:
2036:
1541:
1415:- Online Etymology Dictionary -
1318:
1208:
1163:field later, such as Akeley and
726:The Landing of the Romans under
611:
441:The Twenty-four Filial Exemplars
363:Dioramas are widely used in the
214:. This diorama employs a common
2030:
2004:
1971:
1921:
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1903:
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1617:
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1590:
1219:needs additional citations for
1199:
881:Royal United Services Institute
787:(engraved by Krunert of Vienna)
675:Royal United Services Institute
1952:Kutner, Max (August 2, 2015).
1560:
1535:
1461:Imbler, Sabrina (2019-09-12).
1454:
1436:
1422:
1406:
1397:
1173:Akeley Hall of African Mammals
1005:
944:Royal Military School of Music
940:The Field of the Cloth of Gold
936:Encyclopedia of Model Soldiers
865:The Field of the Cloth of Gold
208:Museum of Science and Industry
41:Near life-size diorama of the
13:
1:
2414:Standard gauge railway scales
2059:
2016:HispaBrick Magazine, issue 23
942:was in the possession of the
2080:; Gernsheim, Alison (1968).
1419:. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
602:
498:Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre
246:
197:
107:
7:
2476:Narrow gauge railway scales
1796:www.scienceandsociety.co.uk
1517:Lin, Melissa (2015-09-27).
1311:
912:The World of Model Soldiers
802:Charge of the Light Brigade
539:, where he lived and died.
451:
381:California Spanish missions
365:American educational system
10:
2659:
2018:. June 10, 2020. p. 8
873:Queen Elizabeth at Tilbury
755:Field of the Cloth of Gold
697:, a Jewish immigrant from
444:and the 12 animals in the
305:Norway's Resistance Museum
291:Japanese aircraft carrier
192:Great Oceanographic Museum
138:The Diorama, Regent's Park
29:
2582:
2515:
2320:
2289:
2201:
1693:. San Francisco Chronicle
1118:The Muskrat Habitat Group
965:San Francisco, California
926:toward the Saxon lines.
901:The Old Guard at Waterloo
863:, some of the figures of
422:in Chinese mythology and
394:Burmese-Chinese brothers
289:A 1/700 scale diorama of
147:
91:miniature figure modeling
87:military vehicle modeling
2159:Example of book dioramas
1820:. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
1735:"Frank Wong's Chinatown"
1391:
1070:The bear diorama at the
1014:
584:The Village of Unterseen
513:diorama in Regent's Park
32:Diorama (disambiguation)
2633:Landscape art by medium
1889:. Artisan. p. 21.
1883:Robert Marbury (2014).
1432:. National Army Museum.
1295:
1165:William Temple Hornaday
1133:Milwaukee Public Museum
1122:Milwaukee Public Museum
973:San Francisco Chinatown
959:
377:Spanish mission diorama
280:
1638:Peterson, Jon (2012).
1266:The painted background
1124:
1094:
1082:
1028:
916:The Battle of Hastings
897:The Battle of Blenheim
877:The Battle of Blenheim
774:(painted by Douchkine)
766:Battle of Marston Moor
677:Museum, (formerly the
517:Augustus Charles Pugin
470:
391:
341:
300:
260:
160:
77:
54:
2084:. Dover Publications.
1571:Un intérieur d'église
1112:
1100:Charles Willson Peale
1092:
1069:
1022:
590:The Village of Thiers
464:
389:
335:
288:
254:
229:, and represents the
155:
60:
40:
1228:improve this article
1194:Powell-Cotton Museum
1149:AMNH Exhibitions Lab
1145:habitat conservation
954:The Battle of Ulundi
928:The Storming of Acre
842:The Blenheim Diorama
826:The Battle of Quebec
813:The Battle of Fleurs
635:improve this section
560:The Harbour of Brest
554:The Valley of Sarnen
521:Charles-CaĂŻus Renoux
494:Charles-Marie Bouton
402:, the developers of
275:binocular perception
235:National Army Museum
190:in New York and the
159:construction diorama
136:in July 1822 and at
126:Charles Marie Bouton
1272:Taxidermy specimens
1056:Polyrama Panoptique
983:"The Moon Festival"
934:. John Garratt, in
835:Duke of Marlborough
750:(figures by Muller)
743:(figures by Muller)
596:The Mont St. Godard
566:The Holyrood Chapel
465:Ground-plan of the
457:Daguerre and Bouton
429:Journey to the West
379:to learn about the
2628:Visual arts genres
2148:The Brothers Brick
2071:2016-10-24 at the
1781:Lambourne, p. 157.
1598:Victorian Painting
1596:Lionel Lambourne,
1326:Visual arts portal
1160:first World's Fair
1125:
1095:
1083:
1029:
989:"Chinese New Year"
830:The Death of Wolfe
772:Battle of Blenheim
735:Battle of Hastings
578:The Ruins in a Fog
528:Clarkson Stanfield
479:panoramic painting
471:
392:
342:
301:
261:
231:Battle of Waterloo
161:
78:
55:
2600:
2599:
2566:Diecast Collector
2101:978-94-017-9496-1
2078:Gernsheim, Helmut
1990:978-1-910561-69-0
1896:978-1-57965-558-7
1741:on 27 August 2014
1584:www.versailles.fr
1569:"L'Objet du mois—
1523:The Straits Times
1260:
1259:
1252:
1182:Biological Museum
995:"Christmas Scene"
992:"Chinese Laundry"
986:"Shoeshine Stand"
837:on horseback for
779:Battle of Plessey
671:
670:
663:
572:The Roslin Chapel
216:model railroading
180:Biological Museum
95:aircraft modeling
51:Arunachal Pradesh
16:(Redirected from
2650:
2643:1820s neologisms
2590:
2589:
2573:Meccano Magazine
2188:
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2012:""Fairy Bricks""
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1554:
1548:www.midley.co.uk
1542:Wood, R. Derek.
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1451:
1446:. Archived from
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1322:
1307:
1255:
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1241:
1235:
1212:
1204:
1137:Frank M. Chapman
1031:Painters of the
1025:Battle of Midway
845:
841:
808:Battle of Ulundi
785:Battle of Quebec
739:The Storming of
699:Hitler's Germany
679:Banqueting House
666:
659:
655:
652:
646:
615:
607:
484:The size of the
467:Diorama Building
298:Battle of Midway
270:depth perception
66:mountain gorilla
63:Exhibition Lab's
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2102:
2073:Wayback Machine
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1120:diorama at the
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1062:Natural history
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893:Battle Of Crecy
853:Ancient Britons
843:
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748:Battle of Crecy
667:
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283:
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227:William Siborne
218:scale of 1:87 (
200:
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130:first exhibited
110:
102:natural history
68:diorama at the
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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2618:Scale modeling
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2523:List of brands
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2516:Related topics
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2117:External links
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1651:978-0615642048
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1602:
1589:
1559:
1534:
1509:
1478:
1453:
1450:on 2017-02-02.
1435:
1421:
1417:Dictionary.com
1405:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1375:Tableau vivant
1372:
1367:
1365:Nativity scene
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1269:The foreground
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1198:
1156:Martha Maxwell
1104:British Museum
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1002:
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987:
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938:, states that
885:Glenbow Museum
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818:D-Day landings
814:
811:
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709:and Muller of
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446:Chinese zodiac
358:Ferry Building
348:built for the
323:plastic models
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122:Louis Daguerre
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1886:Taxidermy Art
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1147:. The modern
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1041:Francis Danby
1038:
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651:November 2023
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1739:the original
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1001:"Herb Store"
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1657:17 November
1624:(in French)
1610:(in French)
1385:Toy soldier
1283:leaf litter
1129:Carl Akeley
1114:Carl Akeley
1037:John Martin
1006:Documentary
924:Senlac Hill
869:Elizabethan
506:photography
424:in Buddhism
410:in 1937 in
400:Aw Boon Par
396:Aw Boon Haw
237:in London.
212:railroading
210:to display
165:scale model
2607:Categories
2555:Port Revel
2545:Kitbashing
2307:Matchstick
2060:References
1763:. IMDB.com
1553:2017-11-07
1528:2018-08-14
1503:2023-12-03
1472:2023-12-11
969:Frank Wong
730:in 55 B.C.
486:proscenium
404:Tiger Balm
346:California
277:of depth.
2623:Figurines
2487:H0m scale
2482:H0e scale
2450:Protofour
2290:Materials
2281:Wargaming
2234:Dollhouse
1767:26 August
1745:26 August
1719:26 August
1697:26 August
1360:Myriorama
1345:Cyclorama
1340:Cosmorama
1240:June 2021
1186:Stockholm
1035:era like
792:Old Guard
683:Whitehall
622:does not
603:Gottstein
511:A second
412:Singapore
406:, opened
247:Full-size
198:Miniature
172:Stockholm
108:Etymology
2638:Dioramas
2592:Category
2560:Room box
2528:Aircraft
2445:OO scale
2440:HO scale
2435:TT scale
2256:Military
2209:Aircraft
2202:Products
2107:June 12,
2069:Archived
2048:June 12,
2043:WIRED UK
2022:June 12,
1996:June 12,
1963:June 12,
1958:Newsweek
1312:See also
1131:for the
1076:Helsinki
1033:Romantic
932:Woolwich
920:Hastings
867:and the
796:Waterloo
475:Panorama
452:Historic
268:through
266:illusion
220:HO scale
18:Dioramas
2507:V scale
2470:1 scale
2465:O scale
2460:G scale
2455:S scale
2430:N scale
2425:Z scale
2420:T gauge
2312:Plastic
2302:Diecast
2276:Railway
2229:Diorama
1080:Finland
967:artist
857:Normans
715:Germany
695:Leipzig
687:England
643:removed
628:sources
259:(Italy)
204:Chicago
82:diorama
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45:at the
2540:Gundam
2321:Scales
2266:Rocket
2244:Action
2239:Figure
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1987:
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1190:Sweden
861:Saxons
855:, the
719:France
711:Erfurt
707:Berlin
691:Canada
681:), in
369:biomes
313:Norway
176:Sweden
148:Modern
114:French
2502:16 mm
2408:1:700
2403:1:500
2398:1:350
2393:1:285
2388:1:200
2383:1:144
2297:Brass
2261:Robot
2251:Horse
1580:(PDF)
1392:Notes
1015:Other
844:'
840:'
293:Hiryū
257:Milan
134:Paris
118:Greek
93:, or
2533:Cars
2492:Gn15
2378:1:72
2373:1:64
2368:1:50
2363:1:48
2358:1:43
2353:1:35
2348:1:32
2343:1:24
2333:1:18
2328:1:12
2271:Ship
2219:Cars
2109:2021
2096:ISBN
2050:2021
2024:2021
1998:2021
1985:ISBN
1965:2021
1891:ISBN
1769:2014
1747:2014
1721:2014
1699:2014
1659:2023
1646:ISBN
1306:AFOL
1302:Lego
1296:Lego
1039:and
960:Wong
903:and
859:and
816:The
806:The
800:The
790:The
783:The
777:The
770:The
764:The
753:The
746:The
741:Acre
733:The
717:and
703:Kiel
626:any
624:cite
530:and
420:Hell
398:and
309:Oslo
281:Uses
124:and
61:The
2497:On2
1573:et
1380:Toy
1230:by
1184:in
1116:'s
1074:in
891:,
794:at
637:by
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206:'s
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72:in
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