2569:(occupancy) after forty years of occupancy by a farmer, during which years the farmer had not met up with any counter-claim or protest, although in Jewish law one gains title to property by usucaption after working it for only three years from date to date. In this case, Jews living in Persia were obligated to honor the law of the land. The novelty of the Persian law allows for the Persian farmer who gained possession of the property to sell the property to others, and even if it should later be learned that the property was stolen from its original owner (who had not protested his right to the property all these years), the person who buys the property—if confronted by its rightful owner who now lays claim to the property and demands that restitution be made—is not required to relinquish the property under Persian law, something which stands contrary to Jewish law (when the rightful owner has not despaired of retrieving his lost property), although valid by virtue of
2546:, in virtue of the powers vested in the government or in the king, he has the authority to cut down another's date-palm trees and to make from them bridges, while persons making use of the bridge need not suspect that the original owners have not despaired of retrieving their lost property and are still in possession of the timbers, seeing that, in fact, they have despaired of retrieving what was formerly theirs. Included in the general scope of the term's definition are the legal deeds (conveyances) and documents held in non-Jewish courts of law and registries, which are viewed as valid. The statement
2887:
2782:, nor can they cancel the biblical laws, they circumvent the issue by encouraging the head of the family to write out a Last Will before his death, in which case, the father is able to bequeath a hefty portion of the inheritance of his estate to his eldest son. Conversely, if there was no Last Will made by the father before his death, when brothers and sisters come before a rabbinic court of law to settle their inheritance, the court, before issuing an
2873:
3235:... The expressions, 'the king's road,' as also, 'he may break through to make himself a road,' do not merely mean the right to make inroads in territories belonging to private individuals, but rather that he has the authority to inflict damage to private property for the good and successful prosecution of the war, and that, mind you, without limitation" (END QUOTE).
2671:
retrieving the lost money, its finder becomes its new and lawful owner. Therefore, in total reliance on this oral teaching, he gave instruction not to relinquish the money they had found, nor give it to the
Government. Since the Persian law contravened that of common Jewish law, the rabbi was able to ignore it, so long as he did not get caught in the act.
3543:, who explained the sense of the same Mishnah, stated that the Mishnah refers to a case where the tax-collector was exacting more than what the law demanded of him, or was an impostor, in which case it was permissible to evade him by means of deception, especially since if he refused to pay the tax-collector he put himself in immediate danger (
2796:), endeavors to convince the eldest son to willingly give-up part of his inheritance so that his sister(s) may receive a portion of the same, all having given their written consent in advance to the conditions, in which case, the court views the divided inheritance as a "gift", whilst the secular laws of the state have not been compromised.
2597:, dissented, saying that with respect to land-tax levied by a government on its subjects, such as in the case of the Persian king who was entitled to levy a land-tax upon his subjects, and those who defaulted in payment could have their property confiscated, or either mortgaged by mortgagers until payment has been made on the property (
3519:). He brings a reasonable explanation for this ruling, stating that Gentile kings are able to expel Jews from their country if they refuse to pay their taxes, whereas a Jewish king or governor could never legally expel a Jew from the Land of Israel, since all of the people of Israel are equal partners in the Land. The debate in
2573:. Only in such places where Jewish law prevails would the original owner, in such cases, regain access to his stolen property, seeing that stolen property cannot be acquired by way of usucaption. Land purchased by a Jew from a non-Jew, the non-Jew must authenticate its purchase by showing a legal deed of title to the property.
3232:
He may send forth to a war waged of free choice by the decision of the court of one and seventy. He may break through to make himself a road and none may protest against him. The king's road has no prescribed measure. All the people may plunder and they give it to him (i.e. the king), and he first
2537:
structure, the foundation of jurisdictional autonomy of Jewish communities, and applies to raising taxes, duties and imposts, on the condition that the exacter is fully authorized and does not exact more than what he is entitled to exact, as also to a government's right to determine ways of commerce.
2670:
and a colleague of his found lost money which its owners had, ostensibly, despaired of ever retrieving. The same rabbi knew the oral teaching which taught that he that finds lost money, where there is no indication or sign showing to whom it originally belonged and where its owner had despaired of
2419:
and disobedience is a transgression, according to Jewish law. This general principle is subject, however, to the qualifications that the government enacting the law must be one which is recognized by Jewish law as having legitimacy; the law must apply equitably to all the inhabitants, Jewish and
3493:
does not apply except in those matters which the king makes a fixed law by way of affecting the general populace, rather than innovating something that applies to an individual, in a specific manner. All, therefore, which he has done by way of affecting the general populace becomes a
2620:, the government of any country has the authority to levy a land-tax upon its subjects, and those who default in its payment could have their property confiscated from them, or either mortgaged by mortgagers until payment has been made.
2561:(= "law of the land") not only applies to an Israelite or Jewish government, but also to non-Jewish governments where Jews are concerned and where the law of the government must be respected as the law of the Torah. The Talmud (
2460:: "Seek the peace of the city to which I have exiled you and pray to the Lord on its behalf; for in the peace thereof you shall have peace" (Jeremiah 29:7). In the opinion of some, for the exiled Jews their submission to
3229:, chapter 2) treats on the laws governing the High Priest (ibid. 2:1), and in those matters touching the king (ibid. 2:2–5). One of these oral teachings (ibid. 2:4) treats on the issue of war that is led by a king:
2692:), are the main proponents for this theory. Second is the "ownership" theory, where the Jews recognize the king's law as the land is his personal possession; this theory is supported by the Talmudic commentators (
2750:
cannot be applied to a Jewish sovereign in the land of Israel as all Jews own the land together, therefore a Jewish king or government, an equal landowner, would not be able to expel others from their domain.
3498:
law, and it is forbidden to ignore it, or to circumvent it, as one who engages completely in theft. As for this matter, there is no difference between the kings of Israel and the kings of the nations of the
2615:
applies in their case, that is, only to non-Jewish kingdoms (forms of government) outside of the Land of Israel, but does not apply to Jewish kings and governors within the Land of Israel. According to
2627:
to be accepted there were two stipulations. These stipulations were that laws had to be both explicit and universal, to safeguard Jews from gentile laws that could potentially be used against them.
2464:
rulers was viewed more as a "pragmatic recognition of brute force" than anything else. Yet it is surely a mark of something extraordinary in the message of
Jeremiah that his advice goes
2678:
rule. First was the "contractual" theory where the laws of the ruling king are binding upon the subjects of the realm because they had agreed in advance to accept the king's laws.
3531:
3:3) and where it states that it is permitted to evade a tax-collector by saying unto him that the fruits cannot be legally taxed since he had already vowed to designate them as
2767:, the inheritance is to be divided by the court equally among the sons of the deceased (the daughters being excluded from the inheritance, unless they were stipulated in his
2538:
In cases of abuse, it was permitted to evade customs (import tax). By definition, the term would also apply to the king's ability to expropriate lands under the laws of
1027:
2394:
that the civil law of the country is binding upon the Jewish inhabitants of that country, and, in certain cases, is to be preferred to Jewish law. The concept of
1605:
1260:
955:
1147:
2355:
119:
4235:
1142:
2771:, or were his only offspring). According to the same Mosaic law, the firstborn of his sons receives a double portion of the divided inheritance.
4240:
1390:
2923:
Halacha: a guide to its understanding in theory and practice, based on the
Meforshim (Expositors) and Posekim (Decisors) of the past and present
1644:
629:
592:
4150:
3582:
3408:
3385:
1568:
4245:
1591:
3208:
2424:
even if a particular regulation may be contrary to a provision of Jewish law. Whenever a state law infringes upon a prohibition (
941:
2542:
for the building of new roads for his army during war. Not only is he permitted to build a road for his army, but according to
2518:) as saying: "Pray for the welfare of the government, for were it not for fear of it, people would swallow one another alive."
2348:
1518:
1453:
1335:
3211:(2019). "The king breaks through to pave a road – By the man, who is the son of Perez (מלך פורץ לו דרך: על יד איש בן פרצי)".
4064:
3655:
639:
4230:
1077:
2906:
2843:
Schachter, Herschel (1984). "`Dina De'malchusa Dina`: Secular Laws as a
Religious Obligation". In Cohen, Alfred S. (ed.).
1345:
1162:
1152:
392:
3865:
2763:
inheritance regulations of 1923, which stipulated that females and males had equal inheritance rights. However, in the
1741:
1691:
1656:
1350:
1215:
1082:
3691:
3055:
2930:
2854:
2712:
as applying only upon the laws of a
Gentile government, while the sovereignty of a Jewish king, as applicable to the
2341:
1433:
1395:
1370:
1290:
1275:
1122:
1062:
1017:
3650:
2953:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1 (parts I-II) (2 ed.). Jerusalem: Hebrew University: Magnes Press. pp. 161, 169.
2500:
1726:
1708:
1614:
1508:
1360:
1355:
1280:
1245:
1112:
2844:
4220:
3351:
2734:), the Jewish community's acquiescence to governmental power for the sake of public order. Using this logic, the
2244:
2143:
1698:
1681:
1634:
1533:
1443:
1380:
1330:
1310:
1305:
1225:
1199:
1174:
1052:
1042:
1032:
1012:
1007:
2738:
can be applied to any legitimate governmental purposes such as taxes for national defense, and, therefore, the
1717:
1703:
1671:
1651:
1619:
1563:
1538:
1513:
1493:
1483:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1400:
1315:
1300:
1220:
1179:
1132:
1127:
1047:
992:
2720:
applicability to the modern Jewish state, Tenbitsky, a commentator on this subject, presents the principle of
4026:
2138:
1676:
1661:
1624:
1586:
1558:
1548:
1543:
1528:
1523:
1503:
1488:
1473:
1448:
1414:
1385:
1285:
1270:
1194:
1184:
1102:
1072:
997:
983:
3301:
Washofsky, Mark (Oct 1989). "Halakhah and
Political Theory: A Study in Jewish Legal Response to Modernity".
4089:
3870:
2639:
The Rabbis created terms that could be easily used and identified for highlighting the jurisdiction of the
1746:
1666:
1629:
1553:
1498:
1365:
1340:
1265:
1240:
1230:
1169:
1092:
1087:
1067:
1057:
1037:
1022:
915:
619:
383:
378:
1736:
1731:
1686:
1639:
1325:
1295:
1255:
1250:
1107:
413:
4134:
2666:
made it a law that any money found by one of its citizens automatically becomes property of the state.
2210:
2055:
1763:
1157:
353:
343:
79:
2565:
55a) notes that, in the case of the
Persian government and its laws, title to land can be acquired by
4225:
4006:
3965:
3875:
3821:
2820:
2376:
2324:
2017:
1868:
1809:
700:
4178:
2693:
2390:'the law of the Government is law', or "the law of the land is the law") is a principle in
2027:
2007:
1117:
597:
138:
2415:
means that, for Jews, obedience to the civil law of the country in which they live is viewed as a
4108:
4037:
3944:
2825:
2492:
2168:
2158:
2123:
2002:
1992:
1775:
946:
888:
722:
401:
358:
73:
4173:
3951:
3802:
2951:
Jewish Law: History, Sources, Principles (Ha-mišpaṭ ha-ʻivri - toldotav, meḳorotav, ʻiḳronotav)
2805:
2554:
and is a nod to Jewish acquiescence to
Gentile authority, as also to Jewish secular authority.
2287:
2022:
1936:
1002:
554:
173:
143:
2655:(forbidden or religious matters) that the gentile laws could not be heeded against the Torah.
3860:
3684:
2178:
2173:
2118:
1906:
821:
549:
536:
431:
148:
4077:
2566:
2457:
2249:
2201:
1941:
1799:
612:
477:
466:
424:
2420:
non-Jewish alike; and the law must not contravene the spirit of the laws derived from the
8:
4114:
3772:
3535:
unto the priestly stock, even though, in actuality, he made no such vow nor designation.
2760:
2385:
2302:
1997:
675:
542:
445:
438:
368:
256:
131:
3338:
Dictionary of the
Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi and the Midrashic Literature
3902:
3797:
3767:
3536:
3318:
3080:
3025:
2815:
2543:
2482:
2453:
2153:
2103:
2050:
2045:
1959:
1829:
1097:
926:
685:
605:
459:
25:
3896:
3789:
3727:
3630:
3569:
3508:
3472:
3441:
3437:
3401:
3378:
3272:
3244:
3143:
3097:
3051:
2977:
2954:
2926:
2850:
2742:
can be applied to a Jewish sovereign, as the necessary power cannot be denied as per
2551:
2533:(= "law of the land") was the only extraneous element that was incorporated into the
2297:
2239:
2219:
2036:
1596:
1235:
695:
566:
496:
373:
286:
153:
4198:
4184:
4102:
4013:
3924:
3677:
3544:
3310:
2974:
A Digest of Jewish Laws and
Customs - in Alphabetical Order (Ozar Dinim u-Minhagim)
2663:
2590:
2399:
2267:
2148:
2108:
2072:
1770:
1320:
831:
587:
491:
406:
296:
88:
4191:
4083:
4043:
3669:
3661:
3159:
Whereby, all decisions made touching monetary matters are legal and binding. Cf.
2810:
2787:
2725:
2433:
2425:
2229:
2188:
2183:
2163:
2085:
2079:
2012:
1964:
1804:
1785:
936:
665:
577:
560:
104:
4121:
4071:
3958:
3743:
3719:
3464:
3043:
2878:
2775:
2684:
2539:
2404:
2329:
2128:
1983:
1863:
1842:
1819:
1814:
1792:
1780:
1375:
856:
790:
755:
733:
670:
508:
486:
348:
327:
303:
69:
51:
3627:
Daʻ et ha-ḥoḳ - dinei yǝrūshah (Be Apprised of the Law - the Inheritance Laws)
3598:
3336:
2986:(reprinted from 1922 and 1938 editions of the Hebrew Publishing Co., New York)
2623:
The rabbis required "minimal justice" from non-Jewish rulers, as such for the
4214:
3711:
3573:
3476:
3445:
3127:
2946:
2277:
2272:
1478:
1405:
931:
780:
775:
770:
760:
738:
690:
452:
291:
196:
158:
109:
3634:
3005:. Vol. 1–Authority. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 431–434.
2981:
2958:
3913:
3735:
3607:
3540:
3256:
3186:
3165:
3118:
3105:
3071:
Faber, Salamon (1975). "Review of Dina de-Malkhuta Dina by Shmuel Shilo".
3016:
Faber, Salamon (1975). "Review of Dina de-Malkhuta Dina by Shmuel Shilo".
2481:, and who applied it to Jews who live under the laws of foreign lands, was
2307:
2133:
1974:
1969:
1927:
1880:
974:
841:
826:
785:
750:
363:
205:
3908:
3778:
3759:
3751:
3433:
3314:
2779:
2599:
2504:
2496:
2402:
in other legal systems. It appears in at least twenty-five places in the
2292:
2234:
1899:
805:
800:
795:
765:
3562:
Sefer Mishneh Torah - HaYad Ha-Chazakah (Maimonides' Code of Jewish Law)
4050:
3918:
3602:
3557:
3422:
3322:
3252:
3213:
Asif - Talmud and Halacha (Yearbook of the Hesder Yeshivas Association)
3182:
3160:
3113:
3084:
3029:
2892:
2764:
2679:
2667:
2617:
1950:
964:
893:
851:
680:
660:
219:
126:
46:
2768:
2594:
2113:
2098:
1188:
1136:
898:
846:
836:
517:
513:
503:
418:
178:
2886:
2630:
866:
3990:
3854:
3193:, ch. 4), see the commentaries there, especially the Commentary of
2515:
2432:) outlined in the Torah, or else infringes upon a permitted thing (
2282:
1892:
1824:
655:
163:
114:
16:"The law of the land is the law", principle in Jewish religious law
3471:(in Hebrew). Vol. 4. Jerusalem: Mekhon ha-maʼor. p. 60.
2976:(in Hebrew). Tel-Aviv: Ḥ. mo. l. p. 84 (s.v. דינים ודיינים).
3701:
3564:(in Hebrew). Vol. 5. Jerusalem: Pe'er HaTorah. p. 70 (
3532:
3524:
3427:
3280:
3222:
2534:
2468:
mere submission to necessity and requests prayer for the "peace (
2461:
2416:
2391:
2258:
2224:
2093:
1887:
876:
871:
743:
634:
529:
525:
521:
270:
265:
242:
224:
99:
94:
84:
62:
37:
3629:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Israel Ministry of Justice. p. 52.
4156:
4128:
4095:
3984:
3891:
3847:
3840:
3831:
3815:
3808:
2716:, is never cited in the Talmud. In the argument supporting the
2705:
2508:
2486:
1918:
1913:
1873:
1858:
969:
861:
281:
247:
233:
168:
4057:
3938:
3931:
3523:
28a, however, is more broad and stems from a teaching in the
2830:
2604:
2421:
881:
310:
214:
183:
3489:. Quote: "We have already explained in multiple places that
2759:
Israel's inheritance laws are a direct carry-over from the
2529:
33:
3050:(1st ed.). Israel: Koren Publishers. pp. 30–31.
2921:
Galas, Yechiel (1979). "Halacha and the Law of the Land".
2754:
2708:, there are those who allege that the Talmud cites the
2521:
2651:
could legitimately supersede even Torah law, and the
2589:
applies to, both, Jewish and non-Jewish governments,
2868:
2674:
Medieval halakhists developed two approaches to the
2662:
28b) relates a story about a point in time when the
2477:
The first to cite a teaching under the authority of
1897:
1878:
301:
2647:(civil and economic matters) were places where the
2474:)" of those among whom the exiles find themselves.
3699:
3374:
3372:
3370:
2576:
3358:(in Hebrew). Vol. 1. Venice. pp. 78–79.
4212:
3367:
2849:. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. pp. 85–114.
2699:
2499:before the Roman conquest of Jerusalem and the
3685:
3350:
2349:
3624:
2746:. However, under the "ownership theory" the
2469:
593:History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
3692:
3678:
3556:
3421:
2971:
2356:
2342:
3300:
2842:
3432:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Translated by
3000:
4236:Aramaic words and phrases in Jewish law
3763:(Stumbling block in front of the blind)
2585:While the majority of rabbis hold that
4241:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law
4213:
3207:
2755:Rabbinic courts vs. secular-state laws
3673:
3469:Beit HaBechirah (Chiddushei ha-Meiri)
3463:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3070:
3042:
3015:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2920:
3341:(2nd edition), New York 2006, p. 301
3064:
3036:
2945:
2914:
2522:Within the halakha and in the Talmud
2380:
3364:no. 533 (reprinted in Israel, n.d.)
2909:A Restatement of Rabbinic Civil Law
2791:
2729:
2470:
2437:
2429:
13:
4065:Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah
3289:
3001:Menachem, Lorberbaum, ed. (2000).
2989:
2836:
2512:
14:
4257:
3644:
2688:, the leading halakhic decisors (
384:Historical population comparisons
4038:One commandment leads to another
2885:
2871:
2846:Halacha and Contemporary Society
2501:destruction of the Second Temple
1028:Democratic Republic of the Congo
942:Historical population by country
4246:Talmud concepts and terminology
3618:
3592:
3550:
3502:
3457:
3414:
3395:
3354:(1749). David Ashkenazi (ed.).
3344:
3329:
3266:
3238:
3200:
3176:
3153:
3137:
2452:Origins of this idea come from
2417:religiously mandated obligation
3747:(Sanctification of God's name)
3091:
3009:
3003:The Jewish Political Tradition
2965:
2939:
2900:
2635:in civil and religious matters
1:
3625:Shereshevsky, Shlomo (1975).
3467:(2006). Daniʼel Biṭon (ed.).
3430:, with Maimonides' Commentary
2972:Eisenstein, Judah D. (1970).
2864:
2643:(= "law of the land"), these
2398:is similar to the concept of
2381:דִּינָא דְּמַלְכוּתָא דִּינָא
599:Christianity and Judaism
2700:Application to modern Israel
2550:, appears four times in the
2440:) in the Torah, the laws of
7:
4231:Jewish courts and civil law
3723:(Desecration of God's name)
3219:. Yeshivat Hesder: 147–173.
2925:. New York: Judaica Press.
2799:
1898:
1879:
1606:Latin America and Caribbean
302:
10:
4262:
3356:The Responsa of the Radbaz
2447:
2211:Jewish political movements
1908:Conversion to Judaism
4166:
4143:
3976:
3884:
3830:
3788:
3710:
3586:
3566:Hil. Gezeilah we-'aveidah
3390:דאריסא דפרסאי ארבעין שנין
3389:
2821:Lex loci delicti commissi
2778:are unable to bypass the
2608:
614:Hinduism and Judaism
3755:(Derogatory information)
2780:secular-law of the state
440:Temple in Jerusalem
133:Bar and bat mitzvah
3866:Forbidden relationships
2826:Right of Eminent Domain
2806:Hefker beth-din hefker
2371:(alternative spelling:
402:Twelve Tribes of Israel
4221:Jewish law and rituals
4007:B'rov am hadrat melech
3705:(Jewish religious law)
3656:Jewish Law: Commentary
3651:Jewish Virtual Library
3171:Hil. Zekhiyya u'matana
3124:Hil. Gezelot ve-Avedah
2611:), the rule of
3073:Jewish Social Studies
3018:Jewish Social Studies
2704:In regards to modern
2548:dina de-malkhuta dina
2489:sage from Babylonia.
2396:dina de-malkhuta dina
2373:dina de-malkhuta dina
1148:São Tomé and Príncipe
1143:Republic of the Congo
537:Second Temple Judaism
408:Kingdom of Judah
379:Modern historiography
4078:Positive commandment
4021:Dina d'malkhuta dina
3773:You shall not murder
3599:Deuteronomy 21:15–17
3491:Dina d'malkhuta dina
3352:Ibn Abi-Zimra, David
2613:Dina d'malkhuta dina
2587:Dina d'malkhuta dina
2571:Dina d'malkhuta dina
2479:Dina d'malkhuta dina
2442:Dina d'malkhuta dina
2413:dina d'malkhuta dina
2392:Jewish religious law
2369:Dina d'malkhuta dina
2250:World Agudath Israel
1391:United Arab Emirates
478:Second Temple period
468:Babylonian captivity
3977:Halakhic principles
3731:(Theft of the mind)
3537:Shemuel (the amora)
2577:Application of the
2495:, who had been the
543:Hellenistic Judaism
121:Land of Israel
80:Principles of faith
4151:Capital punishment
3798:Corpse uncleanness
3315:10.1093/mj/9.3.289
3221:, who wrote: "The
2816:Lex loci rei sitae
2664:Persian government
2497:Deputy High Priest
2104:Jewish Koine Greek
1646:Dominican Republic
927:Judaism by country
606:Jews and Christmas
461:Assyrian captivity
4208:
4207:
3871:Gender separation
3660:Rabbi David Shor
3517:במוכס העומד מאליו
3509:Babylonian Talmud
3438:Mossad Harav Kook
3402:Babylonian Talmud
3379:Babylonian Talmud
3360:, s.v. Part III,
3273:Babylonian Talmud
3261:Gezelah we-Avedah
3245:Babylonian Talmud
3233:takes his portion
3144:Babylonian Talmud
3104:113a). Cf. Rabbi
3098:Babylonian Talmud
2907:Emanuel B. Quint
2784:Inheritance Order
2552:Babylonian Talmud
2485:(ca. 177–257), a
2458:Babylonian exiles
2454:Jeremiah's letter
2411:The principle of
2389:
2366:
2365:
2315:
2314:
2063:
2062:
1810:Reconstructionist
1754:
1753:
906:
905:
713:
712:
550:Jewish–Roman wars
498:Hasmonean dynasty
414:Kingdom of Israel
318:
317:
4253:
4226:Conflict of laws
4115:Toch k'dei dibur
3925:Terumat hamaaser
3739:(Theft of sleep)
3694:
3687:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3639:
3638:
3622:
3616:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3577:
3554:
3548:
3545:Jerusalem Talmud
3506:
3500:
3480:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3418:
3412:
3399:
3393:
3391:
3376:
3365:
3359:
3348:
3342:
3335:Marcus Jastrow,
3333:
3327:
3326:
3298:
3287:
3270:
3264:
3242:
3236:
3220:
3204:
3198:
3180:
3174:
3157:
3151:
3141:
3135:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3079:(3/4): 345–346.
3068:
3062:
3061:
3048:The Koren Siddur
3040:
3034:
3033:
3024:(3/4): 345–346.
3013:
3007:
3006:
2998:
2987:
2985:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2918:
2912:
2904:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2860:
2795:
2733:
2610:
2593:, who cites the
2514:
2473:
2472:
2439:
2431:
2400:conflict of laws
2384:
2382:
2377:Imperial Aramaic
2358:
2351:
2344:
2207:
2206:
2088:
1909:
1903:
1884:
1848:
1847:
1795:
1742:New Zealand
1694:
1657:El Salvador
1647:
1579:Northern America
1571:
1165:
921:
920:
832:Crimean Karaites
728:
727:
706:
704:
625:
623:
615:
609:
600:
588:Rabbinic Judaism
569:
563:
557:
545:
533:
499:
492:Maccabean Revolt
469:
462:
456:
448:
441:
435:
427:
409:
333:
332:
307:
202:
201:
134:
122:
21:
20:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4162:
4139:
3972:
3892:Sabbatical year
3880:
3826:
3784:
3706:
3698:
3663:DINA DEMALCHUTA
3647:
3642:
3623:
3619:
3597:
3593:
3555:
3551:
3507:
3503:
3462:
3458:
3419:
3415:
3400:
3396:
3377:
3368:
3349:
3345:
3334:
3330:
3299:
3290:
3271:
3267:
3243:
3239:
3230:
3205:
3201:
3181:
3177:
3158:
3154:
3142:
3138:
3096:
3092:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3044:Sacks, Jonathan
3041:
3037:
3014:
3010:
2999:
2990:
2970:
2966:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2901:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2857:
2839:
2837:Further reading
2811:Law of the land
2802:
2776:rabbinic courts
2761:British Mandate
2757:
2702:
2694:Ran and Tosafos
2637:
2583:
2524:
2450:
2362:
2317:
2316:
2204:
2194:
2193:
2184:Judeo-Malayalam
2164:Judaeo-Georgian
2084:
2075:
2065:
2064:
1965:Yiddish theatre
1907:
1845:
1835:
1834:
1793:
1766:
1756:
1755:
1692:
1645:
1569:
1163:
947:Genetic studies
918:
908:
907:
725:
715:
714:
702:
701:
621:
620:
613:
603:
598:
580:and Middle Ages
578:Rabbinic period
565:
559:
552:
540:
511:
497:
467:
460:
451:
443:
439:
430:
425:in Judaism
422:
407:
330:
320:
319:
199:
189:
188:
132:
120:
65:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4259:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4176:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4125:
4122:Yad soledet bo
4118:
4111:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4090:Self-sacrifice
4087:
4080:
4075:
4072:Pikuach nefesh
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4035:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3988:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3836:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3822:Ritual washing
3819:
3812:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3745:Kiddush hashem
3741:
3733:
3729:Geneivat da'at
3725:
3721:Chillul hashem
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3697:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3658:
3653:
3646:
3645:External links
3643:
3641:
3640:
3617:
3591:
3549:
3501:
3456:
3440:. p. 87.
3413:
3394:
3388:, Rashi, s.v.
3366:
3343:
3328:
3309:(3): 294–295.
3303:Modern Judaism
3288:
3265:
3237:
3209:Zoldan, Yehuda
3199:
3175:
3152:
3136:
3132:Hoshen Mishpat
3090:
3063:
3056:
3046:, ed. (2009).
3035:
3008:
2988:
2964:
2947:Elon, Menachem
2938:
2931:
2913:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2882:
2879:Judaism portal
2866:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2798:
2756:
2753:
2701:
2698:
2685:Shulchan Arukh
2636:
2631:Conditions of
2629:
2582:
2575:
2540:eminent domain
2523:
2520:
2449:
2446:
2444:do not apply.
2405:Shulchan Arukh
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2319:
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2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
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2255:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2245:Territorialism
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2214:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:Judaeo-Spanish
2126:
2124:Judaeo-Iranian
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2067:
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2060:
2059:
2058:
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2048:
2040:
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2032:
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2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
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2000:
1995:
1987:
1986:
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1979:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1954:
1953:
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1946:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
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1846:
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1822:
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1812:
1807:
1802:
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1602:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1570:United Kingdom
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
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1476:
1471:
1466:
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1456:
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1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1003:Bilad-el-Sudan
1000:
995:
987:
986:
980:
979:
978:
977:
972:
967:
959:
958:
956:Land of Israel
952:
951:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
919:
914:
913:
910:
909:
904:
903:
902:
901:
896:
891:
886:
885:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
816:
815:
814:Related groups
811:
810:
809:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
747:
746:
741:
726:
721:
720:
717:
716:
711:
710:
709:
708:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
671:Jewish atheism
668:
663:
658:
650:
649:
645:
644:
643:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:Islamic–Jewish
617:
610:
595:
590:
582:
581:
574:
573:
572:
571:
547:
534:
506:
501:
494:
489:
487:Yehud Medinata
481:
480:
474:
473:
472:
471:
464:
457:
449:
436:
428:
416:
411:
404:
396:
395:
393:Ancient Israel
389:
388:
387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
349:Land of Israel
346:
338:
337:
331:
326:
325:
322:
321:
316:
315:
314:
313:
308:
304:Shulchan Aruch
299:
294:
289:
284:
276:
275:
274:
273:
268:
260:
259:
253:
252:
251:
250:
245:
237:
236:
230:
229:
228:
227:
222:
217:
209:
208:
200:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
129:
124:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
82:
77:
70:God in Judaism
66:
61:
60:
57:
56:
55:
54:
49:
41:
40:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4258:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4174:High Holidays
4172:
4171:
4169:
4167:Related boxes
4165:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4135:Relative hour
4133:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4103:Shomea k'oneh
4100:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:Agrarian laws
3883:
3877:
3876:Homosexuality
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3790:Ritual purity
3787:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3695:
3690:
3688:
3683:
3681:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3585:, Rashi s.v.
3584:
3581:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3453:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3436:. Jerusalem:
3435:
3431:
3429:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3398:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3340:
3339:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3215:(in Hebrew).
3214:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3192:
3191:Hil. Melakhim
3188:
3184:
3179:
3172:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3133:
3129:
3128:Shulhan Arukh
3125:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3059:
3057:9789653010673
3053:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3004:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2934:
2932:9780910818131
2928:
2924:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2869:
2858:
2856:9780881250428
2852:
2848:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2519:
2517:
2510:
2506:
2505:tractate Avot
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Judeo-Aramaic
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Judeo-Italian
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2139:Ghardaïa Sign
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:Denominations
1760:
1759:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:United States
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1078:Guinea-Bissau
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
989:
988:
985:
982:
981:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
961:
960:
957:
954:
953:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
932:Lists of Jews
930:
928:
925:
924:
923:
922:
917:
912:
911:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
818:
817:
813:
812:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
745:
742:
740:
737:
736:
735:
732:
731:
730:
729:
724:
719:
718:
707:
699:
697:
694:
692:
691:The Holocaust
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
652:
651:
647:
646:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
618:
616:
611:
607:
601:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
584:
583:
579:
576:
575:
568:
562:
556:
551:
548:
544:
538:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
483:
482:
479:
476:
475:
470:
465:
463:
458:
454:
450:
447:
442:
437:
433:
429:
426:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
405:
403:
400:
399:
398:
397:
394:
391:
390:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
340:
339:
335:
334:
329:
324:
323:
312:
309:
306:
305:
300:
298:
295:
293:
292:Mishneh Torah
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
279:
278:
277:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
262:
261:
258:
255:
254:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
239:
238:
235:
232:
231:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
211:
210:
207:
204:
203:
198:
193:
192:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
130:
128:
125:
123:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
67:
64:
59:
58:
53:
52:Who is a Jew?
50:
48:
45:
44:
43:
42:
39:
35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4155:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4101:
4094:
4084:Sfeka d'yoma
4082:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4044:Ikar v'tafel
4042:
4031:
4027:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3983:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3914:Second tithe
3901:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3814:
3807:
3777:
3768:Noahide laws
3760:
3752:
3744:
3737:Gezel sheina
3736:
3728:
3720:
3700:
3662:
3626:
3620:
3612:
3608:Mishne Torah
3606:
3594:
3579:
3565:
3561:
3552:
3541:Rabbi Yannai
3528:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3504:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3468:
3459:
3451:
3426:
3416:
3405:
3397:
3382:
3361:
3355:
3346:
3337:
3331:
3306:
3302:
3283:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3257:Mishne Torah
3248:
3240:
3231:
3226:
3216:
3212:
3202:
3194:
3190:
3187:Mishne Torah
3178:
3170:
3166:Mishne Torah
3164:
3155:
3147:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3119:Mishne Torah
3117:
3109:
3106:Isaac Alfasi
3101:
3093:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3047:
3038:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3002:
2973:
2967:
2950:
2941:
2922:
2916:
2908:
2902:
2845:
2792:
2783:
2773:
2758:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2689:
2683:
2675:
2673:
2659:
2658:The Talmud (
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2624:
2622:
2612:
2598:
2591:Rabbi Nissim
2586:
2584:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2547:
2535:halakhic law
2527:
2525:
2503:is cited in
2493:Rabbi Hanina
2491:
2478:
2476:
2465:
2451:
2441:
2412:
2410:
2403:
2395:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2308:Post-Zionism
2179:Judeo-Berber
2174:Judeo-Arabic
2134:Judeo-Gascon
1881:Pidyon haben
1800:Conservative
1346:Saudi Arabia
1164:South Africa
1153:Sierra Leone
975:Israeli Jews
889:Mosaic Arabs
842:Kaifeng Jews
703:Arab–Israeli
676:Emancipation
555:Great Revolt
364:Anti-Judaism
359:Antisemitism
354:Name "Judea"
149:Baal teshuva
18:
3909:First tithe
3803:Handwashing
3779:Yetzer hara
3761:Lifnei iver
3753:Lashon hara
3666:(in Hebrew)
3580:Baba Bathra
3434:Yosef Qafih
3406:Baba Bathra
3383:Baba Bathra
2660:Baba Metzia
2600:Baba Bathra
2303:Revisionist
2293:Neo-Zionism
1900:Zeved habat
1693:Puerto Rico
1519:Netherlands
1351:South Korea
1336:Philippines
1216:Afghanistan
1083:Ivory Coast
857:Crypto-Jews
822:Bnei Anusim
801:Bene Israel
766:Beta Israel
723:Communities
630:Middle Ages
369:Persecution
144:Bereavement
4215:Categories
4144:Punishment
4051:Marit ayin
3919:Poor tithe
3603:Maimonides
3568:5:13-14).
3558:Maimonides
3515:28a, s.v.
3487:כבר ביארנו
3485:28a, s.v.
3423:Maimonides
3411:, note 13)
3253:Maimonides
3183:Maimonides
3161:Maimonides
3126:5:11–18);
3114:Maimonides
2893:Law portal
2865:References
2765:Mosaic law
2680:Maimonides
2668:Rabbi Ammi
2618:Maimonides
2567:usucaption
2563:Baba Batra
2559:dina etc.
2483:Mar Samuel
2288:Maximalism
2240:Secularism
2220:Autonomism
2037:Literature
1830:Humanistic
1434:Azerbaijan
1396:Uzbekistan
1371:Tajikistan
1291:Kyrgyzstan
1276:Kazakhstan
1123:Mozambique
1098:Madagascar
1018:Cape Verde
970:New Yishuv
965:Old Yishuv
916:Population
894:Subbotniks
852:Samaritans
791:Romanyotim
734:Ashkenazim
681:Old Yishuv
661:Sabbateans
648:Modern era
640:Golden Age
567:Bar Kokhba
287:Beit Yosef
154:Philosophy
4109:Testimony
4032:derabanan
4028:De'oraita
3953:Sicaricon
3861:Sexuality
3574:122758200
3547:, ibid.).
3496:bona fide
3477:181631040
3446:741081810
3362:responsum
3249:Baba Kama
3227:Sanhedrin
3134:§ 369:6).
3110:Baba Kama
3102:Baba Kama
2769:Last Will
2744:niḥa lehū
2736:niḥa lehū
2722:niḥa lehū
2595:Tosafists
2557:The term
2298:Religious
2154:Zarphatic
2144:Bukharian
2114:Judeo-Tat
2099:Yeshivish
2073:Languages
2028:Sephardic
2018:Israelite
2008:Ethiopian
1998:Ashkenazi
1937:Religious
1727:Australia
1709:Venezuela
1615:Argentina
1597:Greenland
1509:Lithuania
1361:Sri Lanka
1356:Singapore
1281:Kurdistan
1246:Indonesia
1236:Hong Kong
1189:Abayudaya
1113:Mauritius
847:Igbo Jews
837:Krymchaks
756:Sephardim
624:relations
518:Sadducees
514:Pharisees
504:Sanhedrin
419:Jerusalem
179:Synagogue
47:Etymology
4179:Passover
3996:beshogeg
3992:Bemeizid
3967:Kil'ayim
3946:Bikkurim
3855:Mechitza
3635:19156540
3560:(1974).
3425:(1965).
2982:54817857
2959:14813103
2949:(1978).
2800:See also
2793:צו ירושה
2731:ניחא להו
2682:and the
2516:Avot 3:2
2487:Talmudic
2325:Category
2283:Kahanism
2230:Feminism
2202:Politics
2086:Biblical
2056:American
2003:Bukharan
1993:American
1893:Shidduch
1869:Clothing
1825:Haymanot
1771:Orthodox
1699:Suriname
1682:Paraguay
1635:Colombia
1534:Portugal
1444:Bulgaria
1381:Thailand
1331:Pakistan
1311:Mongolia
1306:Malaysia
1226:Cambodia
1200:Zimbabwe
1175:Tanzania
1053:Eswatini
1043:Ethiopia
1033:Djibouti
1013:Cameroon
1008:Botswana
937:Diaspora
899:Noahides
872:Marranos
796:Cochinim
781:Bukharim
771:Gruzinim
761:Teimanim
751:Mizrahim
739:Galician
705:conflict
666:Hasidism
656:Haskalah
561:Diaspora
432:timeline
344:Timeline
257:Rabbinic
164:Kabbalah
139:Marriage
115:Tzedakah
105:Holidays
63:Religion
26:a series
24:Part of
4199:Kashrut
4185:Shabbat
3903:Terumah
3832:Modesty
3702:Halakha
3613:Nahalot
3589:
3533:Terumah
3529:Nedarim
3525:Mishnah
3521:Nedarim
3513:Nedarim
3499:world."
3483:Nedarim
3452:Nedarim
3450:, s.v.
3428:Mishnah
3392:
3323:1396177
3281:Mishnah
3223:Mishnah
3173:h 1:15)
3148:Nedarim
3085:4466899
3030:4466899
2581:to Jews
2544:Shemuel
2471:שָׁלוֹם
2462:gentile
2456:to the
2448:Origins
2388:
2268:General
2259:Zionism
2235:Leftism
2225:Bundism
2149:Knaanic
2109:Yevanic
2094:Yiddish
2051:Yiddish
2046:Israeli
2023:Mizrahi
2013:Israeli
1984:Cuisine
1960:Ancient
1942:Secular
1888:Kashrut
1864:Wedding
1851:Customs
1843:Culture
1820:Science
1815:Renewal
1805:Karaite
1786:Hasidic
1718:Oceania
1704:Uruguay
1672:Jamaica
1652:Ecuador
1620:Bolivia
1564:Ukraine
1539:Romania
1514:Moldova
1494:Hungary
1484:Germany
1479:Georgia
1469:Finland
1464:Estonia
1459:Denmark
1454:Czechia
1439:Belarus
1429:Austria
1424:Armenia
1401:Vietnam
1316:Myanmar
1301:Lebanon
1221:Bahrain
1180:Tunisia
1158:Somalia
1133:Nigeria
1128:Namibia
1118:Morocco
1048:Eritrea
993:Algeria
877:Neofiti
786:Italkim
776:Juhurim
686:Zionism
635:Khazars
530:Sicarii
526:Zealots
522:Essenes
509:Schisms
374:Leaders
336:General
328:History
271:Tosefta
266:Midrash
243:Mishnah
225:Ketuvim
220:Nevi'im
169:Customs
100:Shabbat
95:Halakha
87: (
85:Mitzvot
72: (
38:Judaism
4192:Sukkot
4157:Kareth
4129:Zmanim
4096:Shinuy
4014:Chumra
4000:beones
3998:, and
3985:Aveira
3960:Hallah
3897:Tithes
3848:Yichud
3841:Negiah
3816:Niddah
3809:Mikveh
3712:Ethics
3633:
3611:(Hil.
3601:; cf.
3578:, cf.
3572:
3475:
3444:
3321:
3284:Gittin
3277:Gittin
3259:(Hil.
3251:113b;
3195:Radbaz
3083:
3054:
3028:
2980:
2957:
2929:
2853:
2788:Hebrew
2774:Since
2726:Hebrew
2718:dina's
2706:Israel
2690:poskim
2645:mamona
2509:Talmud
2466:beyond
2434:Hebrew
2426:Hebrew
2330:Portal
2189:Domari
2119:Shassi
2080:Hebrew
1975:Humour
1919:Hiloni
1914:Aliyah
1874:Niddah
1859:Minyan
1794:Reform
1781:Haredi
1776:Modern
1677:Mexico
1662:Guyana
1625:Brazil
1587:Canada
1559:Sweden
1549:Serbia
1544:Russia
1529:Poland
1524:Norway
1504:Latvia
1489:Greece
1474:France
1449:Cyprus
1415:Europe
1386:Turkey
1376:Taiwan
1286:Kuwait
1271:Jordan
1261:Israel
1195:Zambia
1185:Uganda
1103:Malawi
1073:Guinea
1063:Gambia
998:Angola
984:Africa
867:Dönmeh
862:Anusim
806:Berber
744:Litvak
696:Israel
602:
539:
453:Second
421:
282:Targum
248:Gemara
234:Talmud
206:Tanakh
159:Ethics
110:Prayer
4058:Neder
3939:Orlah
3932:Demai
3465:Meiri
3319:JSTOR
3279:10b;
3263:5:14)
3081:JSTOR
3026:JSTOR
2831:Yiush
2653:isura
2607:s.v.
2605:Rashi
2603:55a,
2528:dina
2430:איסור
2422:Torah
2278:Labor
2273:Green
1970:Dance
1928:Music
1747:Palau
1667:Haiti
1630:Chile
1554:Spain
1499:Italy
1406:Yemen
1366:Syria
1341:Qatar
1321:Nepal
1266:Japan
1241:India
1231:China
1170:Sudan
1093:Libya
1088:Kenya
1068:Ghana
1058:Gabon
1038:Egypt
1023:Benin
882:Xueta
827:Lemba
446:First
311:Zohar
215:Torah
197:Texts
184:Rabbi
174:Rites
74:names
4030:and
3631:OCLC
3615:2:1)
3587:טסקא
3570:OCLC
3539:and
3473:OCLC
3442:OCLC
3420:Cf.
3286:1:5)
3206:Cf.
3150:28a)
3112:40;
3052:ISBN
2978:OCLC
2955:OCLC
2927:ISBN
2851:ISBN
2748:dina
2740:dina
2714:dina
2710:dina
2676:dina
2649:dina
2641:dina
2633:dina
2625:dina
2609:טסקא
2579:dina
2530:etc.
2526:The
2438:היתר
2386:lit.
1737:Guam
1732:Fiji
1687:Peru
1640:Cuba
1326:Oman
1296:Laos
1256:Iraq
1251:Iran
1208:Asia
1137:Igbo
1108:Mali
127:Brit
36:and
34:Jews
3583:55a
3454:3:3
3409:35b
3386:55a
3311:doi
2408:.
2375:) (
1951:Art
297:Tur
89:613
4217::
3994:,
3605:,
3481:,
3369:^
3317:.
3305:.
3291:^
3255:,
3247:,
3185:,
3163:,
3116:,
3108:,
3077:37
3075:.
3022:37
3020:.
2991:^
2790::
2728::
2696:)
2513:b.
2511:,
2436::
2428::
2383:,
2379::
564:,
558:,
528:,
524:,
520:,
516:,
28:on
3693:e
3686:t
3679:v
3637:.
3576:.
3527:(
3511:(
3479:.
3448:.
3404:(
3381:(
3325:.
3313::
3307:9
3275:(
3225:(
3217:6
3197:.
3189:(
3169:(
3146:(
3130:(
3122:(
3100:(
3087:.
3060:.
3032:.
2984:.
2961:.
2935:.
2859:.
2786:(
2724:(
2507:(
2357:e
2350:t
2343:v
1191:)
1187:(
1139:)
1135:(
608:)
604:(
570:)
553:(
546:)
541:(
532:)
512:(
455:)
444:(
434:)
423:(
91:)
76:)
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