382:, writing for LaĂnez, sent a letter to all the superiors of the Society. He began by praising teaching. He then wrote, “There are two ways of helping our neighbors: one is in the colleges by the education of youth in letters, learning, and Christian life. The other is to help all universally through preaching, confessions, and all the other means in accord with our customary way of proceeding.” This was extraordinary and unprecedented. LaĂnez told the members of the Society that the ministry of the schools was as important as all the other ministries combined. LaĂnez then explained how his directive would be implemented: every Jesuit must ordinarily “bear part of the burden of the schools,” that is, every Jesuit would teach at some point in his career, with a handful of exceptions. Most Jesuits would teach before beginning philosophical studies, some would teach after completing philosophical studies, and still others after completing theological studies. LaĂnez’s decree determined the careers of almost all future Jesuits.
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254:. In his three-hour-long speech, which was widely regarded as the most thorough on the topic, Laynez gave 12 reasons that the proposed “double justice” must be rejected by the Church, including its relatively recent origin and its implied denial of merit. His arguments were consistent with the Council's 13 January 1547 Decree on Justification, which taught in Chapter 16, “we must believe that nothing further is wanting to those justified to prevent them from being considered to have, by those very works which have been done in God, fully satisfied the divine law according to the state of this life and to have truly merited eternal life.”
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well as a summary of the relevant Church documents and patristic writings on sacraments. The first part of this research was presented to the council on 17 January 1547 by
Cardinal Cervini under the headings of “sacraments in general,” “baptism” and “confirmation.” This research set the terms of debate, which was somewhat less contentious than that concerning justification. The seventh session of the Council promulgated its canons on sacraments in general, baptism and confirmation on 3 March 1547.
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275:, presented on 20 October. Laynez often fell ill during this period, but after a period of convalescence he was able to speak on 7 December for three hours on the Mass as sacrifice. The council was suspended for the second time in April 1552, and Laynez went to Bassano to recover his health and then to Padua. Before leaving Trent, however, he met with
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contribute, on 8 September, his arguments on the
Eucharist leading up to the important 13th session, on 11 October, at which the Decree on the Sacrament of the Eucharist was promulgated. Immediately after his speech, he began the preliminary work for the council's consideration of penance and extreme unction, which he, with
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of the
Council contributing to the reform of prostitutes, convents and dioceses, preaching in Florence, Venice and then in Sicily. From there, he accompanied John de Vaga's fleet on a successful raid of Tripoli, which had been a base for Muslim pirates; he was still in Africa on 5 October 1550 when he was called to Rome.
362:. On 31 July 1916 they were transferred to the Church of the Sacred Heart and Saint Francis Borgia on Calle de la Flor Baja. That church was comprehensively destroyed by arson in 1931. Ashes identified as those of Laynez's relics were identified in the ruins and re-interred in the new Jesuit Maldonado church on
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successor, Diego LaĂnez (1512-1565), had to deal with the severe shortage of teachers that
Ignatius bequeathed to the Society. LaĂnez found the solution: he elevated the schools to the most important ministry, and he decreed that every Jesuit must teach at some point in his career. On 10 August 1560,
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By 22 November 1550, Laynez arrived in Rome to prepare for the second period of the
Council of Trent, which eventually opened on 1 May 1551. He attended to a number of projects on his way from Rome to Trent, finally arriving on 27 July, almost three months after the opening, but in plenty of time to
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Laynez did not participate directly in the several months of discussions between his speech and the issuing of the Decree because immediately after his speech on justification, Cardinal Del Monte assigned him – along with
Salmeron – to prepare a list of Protestant errors regarding the sacraments, as
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Laynez moved with the council to
Bologna after the seventh session, where he continued his preparatory work on the sacraments of the Eucharist and penance. He grew frustrated with the slow pace of the work done in Bologna, and left in June 1547. He spent the time between the first and second period
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theory that general councils are superior to the Pope, against bishops who wanted to extend episcopal authority at the expense of that of the Pope, in which he argued that the power of the bishop was received through the mediation of the pope and not directly from God (20 October 1562), and (2) a
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speech in which he committed a rare theological error – he doubted the ability of the Church to invalidate clandestine marriages (23 August 1563), a position rejected by the 24th
Session of the Council in Chapter 1 of its Decree on the Reformation of Marriage.
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Website that includes graphical documents in the
University of Paris of: Ignations of Loyola, Francis Xavier, Alfonso SalmerĂłn, Nicholas Bobadilla, Peter Faber and Simao Rodrigues, as well as Michael de Villanueva
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Upon Laynez's arrival at Trent in August 1562, he defended the practice of distributing
Communion under only one species. Among Laynez's other speeches during the third period of the council are (1) against the
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of the Council under the title "Disputatio de justitia imputata". By the time Laynez spoke, 37 theologians had spoken on the issue, and 28 had rejected
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When Ignatius of Loyola died in 1556 Diego Laynez acted as Vicar General of the Society. Because of an internal crisis and difficult relations with
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was delayed by two years. When it was finally convened and opened on 2 July 1558, Laynez was elected at the first ballot and became the second
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Several spellings of his names (James, Jacob; Laines, Laynez, Lainez) are in use and some of them can be found in other Knowledge articles
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In 1560 Diego Laynez, now the Jesuit General, was instrumental in arguing that the council should continue to its close, against
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church, the vows of personal poverty and chastity in the footsteps of Christ, and committing themselves to going to
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Paul F. Grendler, Jesuit Schools in Europe. A Historiographical Essay, Journal of Jesuit Studies (January 2014)
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Laynez died in Rome on 19 January 1565. He was buried in the Roman church of the
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of 29 November 1560; the council was eventually opened on 18 January 1562.
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Maxcey, Carl, “Double Justice, Diego Laynez, and the Council of Trent,”
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subsequently ordered the council to meet again in the carefully worded
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This article is about the Jesuit priest. For the opera singer, see
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Laynez's famous speech on imputed and inherent justification (
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in 1667 and kept in the Jesuit college church there, now the
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sent Laynez to Trent to act as the Pope's theologian at the
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Because of unfavourable circumstances (no ship going to the
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JosĂ© Vicente de FrĂas Balsa; Juan Carlos Cervero Vadillo,
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Les Origines de la Compagnie de Jesus: Ignace et Lainez
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He was instrumental in cementing the central role of
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25:Diego Lainez
1490:1565 deaths
1485:1512 births
1246:Karl Rahner
1087:Henry Morse
1066:David Lewis
1038:James Kisai
989:René Goupil
947:Peter Faber
304:Ferdinand I
212:La Sapienza
126:priest and
69:introducing
1479:Categories
1306:Bollandist
1010:Rémy Isoré
512:ABC Madrid
414:References
180:Montmartre
146:Early life
128:theologian
52:references
1080:Paul Miki
933:Paul Denn
371:education
332:cardinals
191:Holy Land
184:Jerusalem
1450:Category
1209:Theology
430:Archived
393:Writings
385:—
320:Gallican
273:Salmeron
1395:Related
1298:General
1198:Francis
695:History
688:Jesuits
565:, 1898.
458::
380:Polanco
330:, many
199:Germany
156:Castile
152:Almazán
116:Spanish
65:improve
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356:Madrid
124:Jesuit
112:LaĂnez
54:, but
1189:Popes
736:Magis
551:(PDF)
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164:Paris
405:His
336:pope
248:Acta
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