Diamond open access

291:

not allow commercial and for-profit re-use." This definition is associated to a controversial stance against the leading definition of gold open access: "We argue for differentiating the concept of Gold Open Access Publishing because Suber and others mesh together qualitatively different models, i.e. for-profit and not-for-profit ones, into the same category, whereas others, especially policy makers, simply forget or exclude not-for-profit models that do not use author fees or reader fees." The debate over the relationship between "diamond" or "platinum" open access publications with "Gold" open access has never settled and remains a point of contention in 2021, even after the publication of the OA Diamond Study. While valuing the study,

111: 473: 611: 456:. This discrepancy can be mostly attributed to a consistently lower output of diamond open access journal in comparison with commercial journals: "In DOAJ we find that the majority of OA diamond journals (54.4%) publish 24 or fewer articles per year; only 33.4% of APC-based journals have a similar size." Diamond journals also have a more diverse editorial production, which includes other forms of scholarly productions like book reviews or editorials, which may contribute to decreasing their share in the total number of research articles. 427: 20: 279: 127:, academic publishing was mostly characterized by a wide range of community-driven scholarly structures with little concern for profitability. Most journals of the 19th century and the first part of the 20th century were collective initiatives led by a scientific movement or institution that largely relied on informal community norms rather than commercial regulations. These historical practices have been described as a form of 631:

more on membership fees". Nevertheless, base on the German diverse landscape example, a significant part of journals still lack funding for their basic operations. Finally, contrary to APC-based journals, research funding organizations currently do not support diamond OA journals through their grants or otherwise, though proposals of direct funding mechanisms are available.

443:(DOAJ) with 10,194 entries out of 14,020 in September 2020. In 2013, Fuchs and Sandoval already noted that, as a far as the number of individual journals is concerned, diamond open access is the main form of open access publishing: "Diamond open access is not just an idea, but rather, as the empirical data provided in this paper shows, the dominant reality of open access." 626:"reported costs lower than 1000$ /€" per year. The median cost per articles is around $ 200, which is significantly lower than the standard prices of article processing charges in commercial open access journals. Theses low costs can be accounted by institutional support, limited expenses and reliance on volunteer work: 60% of the journals surveyed in the 239:

usually promoted as being (…) and the Platinum Route of open access publishing which is free, open access to the publications and no author charges. In other words the Platinum Route is open at both ends of the process: submission and access, where as the Gold Route is seen as open only at the access end.

728:

recommendation for Open Science calls for "supporting not-for-profit, académie and scientific community-driven publishing models as a common good". The second French Plan for Open Science encouraged a "diversification of economic models" that especially highlight the diamond model as it should enable

463:

Any estimation of the number of diamond journals or articles is challenging as most non-commercial or community-run journals do not identify as diamond journals and this definition has to be deduced or reconstructed from the lack of APC or any other commercial activity. Additionally, diamond journals

290:

and Sandoval published one of the first systematic definition of diamond open access: "Diamond open access Model, not-for-profit, non-commercial organizations, associations or networks publish material that is made available online in digital format, is free of charge for readers and authors and does

255:

against the excessive cost of scientific publishing. The reference to "diamond" was a hyperbolic pun on the "gold" metaphor that aims to suggest that non-commercial/free model were ultimately the best: "I have proposed to call this third way 'Diamond OA' by outbidding the 'Gold OA' terminology chosen

217:

et al. repurposed this classification scheme into a highly influential binary scale: articles directly made available by the publisher belong to "gold" open access (instead of "yellow") and online archives are defined as "green" open access. With this breakdown of open access into "green" and "gold",

665:

indicate that 57% of the journals "state that, to the best of their knowledge, they have no preservation policy in place". While the libraries have an incentive to preserve articles published by subscription-based journals to make sure the investment has not been lost, there is no similar motivation

644:

Although the introductory definition points to diamond open access as referring to "texts (such as books and scientific journal articles) published/distributed/preserved with no fees to both readers and authors", a conceptual narrowing of focus in recent discussions can be perceived that practically

630:

were at least partly run by volunteers. The governance model has a direct impact on the economic model of diamond open access journals. Journals embedded in an academic institution are more like to benefit from direct funding or support whereas "journals owned by learned societies rely significantly

549:

on 1,619 diamond OA journals highlights a more complex disciplinary distribution: although the social sciences (27.2%) and the humanities (19.2%) are well represented, more than a quarter of the respondents did not favor one discipline in particular (15.1% for multidisciplinary and 12% for "other").

533:

finds that, among the journals registered on the DOAJ, humanities and social science publications make up 60% of diamond open access journals and only 23.9% of APC-based journals. This distribution may be due to the differentiated evolution of scientific publishing during the 20th century, as "small

507:

The Latin American region, as a result, owns an ecosystem characterized by the fact that "publishing" is conceived as acts of "making public", of "sharing", rather than the activity of a profit-driven publishing industry (...) Latin American academic journals are led, owned and financed by academic

459:

From 2014 to 2019, the output of diamond open access journal has continued to grow in absolute terms, but has decreased relatively to the output of commercial open access journals. The period showed a significant development of APC-based large publisher as well as an increasing conversion of legacy

212:

started to devise a color-code system to better identify the policy of scientific publishers in regard to open sharing of scientific articles, from "yellow" (pre-print only) to "green" (no restriction in place): "the 'greenest' publishers are those that allow self-archiving not only of the author's

147:

The small society presses, struggling to cope with growing scale, were supported and then largely supplanted by the 'Big 5' commercial presses: Elsevier (which acquired Pergamon in 1991), Wiley, Springer, Taylor & Francis and Sage. These newly-empowered players brought an industrial approach to

719:

Some journals argue that research funders have the responsibility to support or even favour OA diamond journals since they are often excluded from discussions on funding OA. While, the Plan S Principle 5 states that "the Funders support the diversity of business models for Open Access journals and

701:

This reality is however not enough acknowledged and taken into account in the open access journal debate. There is a danger that Diamond open access publishers' interests are overlooked and that a corporate model of OA will shape the future of academia. We therefore argue for a shift in the debate

520:

The diamond model has come to embody an ideal of social justice and cultural diversity in emerging and developing countries. Diamond open access journals are more likely to be multilingual (38%): "while English is the most common language Spanish, Portuguese and French play a much more important

238:

is not really the whole story and is in danger of perpetuating the myth that the only form of open access publishing is that made available through the commercial publishers, by author charging. This is why I distinguish between open access through author charging, which is what the Gold Route is

161:

The open access movement emerged both as a consequence of the unprecedented access afforded by online publishing and as a reaction against the large corporate model that has come to dominate scientific publishing since the Second World War and the hyper-inflation of subscription prices. The early

567:

The main sources of support for diamond OA journals are non-monetary: in-kind support from research institutions (such as hosting and software maintenance or copy-editing services) and voluntary contributions. Grant funding is significantly less mentioned, possibly as it does not always ensure a

152:

This transformation had wide-ranging consequences over the way scientific journals were managed, not only at the economic but also at the editorial level with an increased standardization of publishing norms, peer-review process, or copyrights. Yet it was neither global nor general, and communal

558:

Most diamond open access journals are managed by academic institutions, communities or platforms: "The majority of journals (42%) are owned by universities. The main alternatives are learned societies (14%) and, to a lesser extent, government agencies, university presses and individuals." This

207:

In the early debates over open access, the distinctions between commercial and non-commercial forms of scientific publishing and community-driven or corporate-owned structures seldom appear, possibly due to the lack of viable business model for open access. Open access publications were rather

516:

accounts these separated developments to the presence or the lack of large privately owned publishers, stating that "Most major, large commercial publishers are based in Western Europe or US/Canada, which explains some of the relative dominance of the APC-model in these regions. Without these

306:

calls for the realization of The OA Commons as "a diverse, thriving, innovative and more interconnected and collaborative OA diamond journal ecosystem that supports bibliodiversity and serves many languages, cultures and domains in the future.". Similarly, Janneke Adema and Samuel Moore have

710:

initiative in 2018 made the recognition issue of diamond journals more pressing. Support to open access publishing would now be conditioned on the adherence of a series of editorial and economic standards which Diamond journals may struggle to conform to, given their limited means. The

451:

finds that the 10,194 journals without publication fees registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals published 356,000 articles (8–9% of all scholarly articles) per year from 2017 to 2019 instead of 453,000 articles (10–11%) published by 3,919 commercial journals with

190:

became available after 2000. This development entailed a significant expansion of non-commercial open access journals by facilitating the creation and the administration of journal websites and the digital conversion of existing journals. Among the journals registered in the

2056:

Becerril-García, Arianna; Aguado-López, Eduardo (2019-06-02). "The End of a Centralized Open Access Project and the Beginning of a Community-Based Sustainable Infrastructure for Latin America : Redalyc.org after Fifteen Years". In Leslie Chan, Pierre Mounier (ed.).

269:

will waive the publication charges. So for three years the journal will be what Marie Farge (who has worked very hard for a more rational publication system) likes to call diamond open access, a quasi-miraculous model where neither author nor reader pays anything".

57:

and 44% of the articles, as their mean output is smaller than commercial journals. The diamond model has been especially successful in Latin America-based journals (95% of OA journals) following the emergence of large publicly supported platforms, such as

46:. While these terms were first coined in the 2000s and the 2010s, they have been retroactively applied to a variety of structures and forms of publishing, from subsidized university publishers to volunteer-run cooperatives that existed in prior decades. 2928:

Bosman, Jeroen; Bruno, Ian; Chapman, Chris; Tzovaras, Bastian Greshake; Jacobs, Nate; Kramer, Bianca; Martone, Maryann Elizabeth; Murphy, Fiona; O'Donnell, Daniel Paul; Bar-Sinai, Michael; Hagstrom, Stephanie; Utley, Josh; Veksler, Lusia (2017-09-15).

2734:

Pia, Andrea E.; Batterbury, Simon; Joniak-Lüthi, Agnieszka; LaFlamme, Marcel; Wielander, Gerda; Zerilli, Filippo M.; Nolas, Melissa; Schubert, Jon; Loubere, Nicholas; Franceschini, Ivan; Walsh, Casey; Mora, Agathe; Varvantakis, Christos (2020-07-16).

208:

increasingly categorized into two different editorial forms: open access articles made immediately available by the publisher and pre-published articles hosted on an online archive (either as a pre-print or post-print). Starting in 2003, the

563:

introduced a taxonomy of 6 types of diamond OA journals that is strongly associated to their ownership status: institutional journal, learned-society journal, volunteer-run journal, publisher journal, platform journal and large journal.

222:

the "gold" model embraces both journals supported by APCs or by other means of funding, as well as volunteer-run journals: "In the jargon, OA delivered by journals is called gold OA, and OA delivered by repositories is called green OA."

302:. Consequently, the "Open access commons" has recently emerged has an alternative label, although it is less used in a descriptive way and more as a programmatic ideal for the future of non-commercial open access. The conclusion of the 541:

and 17.1% in Medicine. Medical diamond journals are often embedded in local communities, especially in non-western countries: "It becomes apparent that local diamond OA journals are not only important in HSS, but also in medicine."

438:

gives an estimation of >29,000 diamond open access journals in 2021 which represent a significant share of the total number of scholarly journals. Diamond journals make up for 73% of the open access journals registered on the

517:

publishers, Western Europe and US/Canada would be more similar to other regions." Latin American journals have long been neglected in the main commercial indexes, which may have encouraged the development of local initiatives.

397:

70% of Diamond OA journals declared their operating cost less than $ /€10,000 per year. Au contraire, before its cancellation of Elsevier's subscription in 2012, Harvard alone paid 40 k$ /year for just one (the most expensive)

142:

led to a perceived "crisis" of the historical model of scientific periodicals. Between 1950 and 1980, the new model of large commercial publishers came to dominate numerous fields of scientific publishing in western countries:

648:

While this narrowing of conceptual focus might be due to pragmatic reasons, as a concept, diamond open access is a format-agnostic concept that can include all research outputs, from journals to the long form (book chapters,

233:

mailing list. On his blog, Wilson defended the necessity of enlarging the classification of open access publishing forms as well as stressed the danger of conflating commercial and non-commercial open access journals.

446:

While the diamond model is prevalent among open access journals when looking at the journal titles, this is not the case when looking at the aggregated number of articles, as they publish less articles overall. The

393:

Although all Diamond OA journals rely heavily on volunteer work, they have some revenue sources, such as grants, collectively-organised funding, donations, shared infrastructure, membership fees, freemium services,

3302: 534:

HSS journals are often owned by universities and societies who often prefer OA diamond models, while many big science and medicine journals are owned by commercial publishers, more inclined to use APC models."

3282: 162:

pioneers of open access electronic publishing were non-commercial and community-driven initiatives that built up on a trend of grassroot publishing innovation in the social sciences and the humanities:

148:

the publication and dissemination process, for the first time realising the benefits that these specialised capital and skills could provide by operating at a scale that was unprecedented to that date.

2166:"The Diamond Model of Open Access Publishing: Why Policy Makers, Scholars, Universities, Libraries, Labour Unions and the Publishing World Need to Take Non-Commercial, Non-Profit Open Access Serious" 135:

that holds an intermediary status between a knowledge commons and a private company: while managed by a community, journals are mostly used to the benefit of a selected set of authors and readers.

1820:

Becerril, Arianna; Bosman, Jeroen; Bjørnshauge, Lars; Frantsvåg, Jan Erik; Kramer, Bianca; Langlais, Pierre-Carl; Mounier, Pierre; Proudman, Vanessa; Redhead, Claire; Torny, Didier (2021-03-09).

720:

platforms", perceptions will change once funders focus on OA diamond in addition to Gold OA and legacy publishing. This action has a significant potential to cover existing gaps in OA publishing.

559:

integration ensure the autonomy of the journals: they "are inherently independent from commercial publishers as they are not created by them and do not rely on them at the management level." The

138:

In Western Europe and North America, direct ownership of journals by academic communities and institutions started to wane in the 1950s. The expansion of scientific publishing in the context of

153:

forms of journal ownership and management remained significant in large geographic areas (like Latin America) and in several disciplines, especially in the humanities and the social sciences.

1017: 30:

refers to academic texts (such as monographs, edited collections, and journal articles) published/distributed/preserved with no fees to either reader or author. Alternative labels include

724:

In 2020 and 2021, the institutional recognition of the diamond model has significantly progressed with unprecedented commitments from national and international organizations. The 2021

307:

proposed to "redefine the future of scholarly publishing in communal settings" through a "scaling small" that ensure the preservation and development of diverse editorial models.

495:(81%). In contrast with Western European and North American countries, the open access movement in Latin America was largely structured around publicly supported platforms like 2060:

Connecting the Knowledge Commons – From Projects to Sustainable Infrastructure : The 22nd International Conference on Electronic Publishing – Revised Selected Papers

265:, an open access journals co-created by Timothy Gowers, was the first publication to explicitly claim to be a diamond journal: "For the first three years of the journal, 697:

While they make up for a large share of open access publications, diamond open access journals have long been overlooked by scientific policies and funding mechanisms:

1750: 767:

Simard, Marc-Andre; Basson, Isabel; Hare, Madelaine; Lariviere, Vincent; Mongeon, Philippe (2024). "The open access coverage of OpenAlex, Scopus and Web of Science".

2252:

Harnad, Stevan; Brody, Tim; Vallières, François; Carr, Les; Hitchcock, Steve; Gingras, Yves; Oppenheim, Charles; Stamerjohanns, Heinrich; Hilf, Eberhard R. (2004).

661:

Long-term preservation is essential for all scholarly publications and under observation for diamond open access journals. Results from a survey presented in the

3678: 685:, as well as the automated preservation of published articles in LOCKSS when Open Journal Systems (OJS) is used. 60% of the diamond open access surveyed in the 4152: 3445: 2417: 3297: 666:

for free online content: "Efforts around preservation and continued access are often aimed at securing postcancellation access to subscription journals."

568:

regular source of support. Since the 1990s, shared platforms have become important intermediary actors for diamond journals, especially in Latin America (

3118: 491:(around 45%). In relative terms, the diamond model is especially prevalent in Latin America, with 95% of open access journals registered in DOAJ, and in 116: 715:

was commissioned in 2020 by the cOAlition-S. In its final recommendation, the study calls to fully integrate Diamond journals into the plan-S strategy:

596:). As the core definition of the diamond model is focused on the lack of APC charges, a few diamond journals (less than 5–10% of the respondents of the 678: 538: 3292: 1029: 345:

Between 2017 and 2019 paid-access journals published ca. 80% of all articles, paid-OA journals published ca. 11% and Diamond OA published ca. 9%.

199:(APC), the number of annual creation has gone from 100 by the end of the 1990s to 800 around 2010, and has not evolved significantly since then. 4904: 82:"have the highest share of authorship in every domain and type of journal, except for diamond journals in the social sciences and humanities". 229:

introduced the expression "Platinum Open Access" in 2007 following an heated debate with Stevan Harnad and other open access activists on the

4889: 4732: 4381: 2950:

Untangling Academic Publishing: A history of the relationship between commercial interests, academic prestige and the circulation of research

67: 3400: 3287: 3159: 390:

25% of the Diamond OA journals operated at a loss, and just over 40% reported breaking even. The rest did not know their financial status.

3671: 2882:"Open Access Models, Pirate Libraries and Advocacy Repertoires: Policy Options for Academics to Construct and Govern Knowledge Commons" 4899: 3065: 3381: 2737:"Labour of Love: An Open Access Manifesto for Freedom, Integrity, and Creativity in the Humanities and Interpretive Social Sciences" 430:

Creation date of diamond journals according to DOAJ data. The drop at the end is due to the lag of registration process to the DOAJ.

3085: 682: 298:

Since 2013, the theoretical literature on the diamond model has been increasingly influenced by the institutional analysis of the

1515: 529:

While diamond OA journals are available for most disciplines, they are more prevalent in the humanities and social science. The

3664: 3516: 1208: 669:

Efforts are underway to solve this issue, such as Project JASPER, an ongoing project of the Directory of Open Access Journals,

405:

The most challenging area for OA diamond journals is indexation and content visibility in the main research databases, such as

3104: 3047: 1072: 2068: 1922: 1903: 1884: 310:

Analysis of the diamond model has been significantly deepened by the commission of large scale empirical studies such as the

3440: 3184: 166:

In the late '80s and early '90s, a host of new journal titles launched on listservs and (later) the Web. Journals such as

994: 4659: 2126: 4940: 4722: 4374: 4307: 3390: 2085: 440: 192: 54: 521:

role for OA diamond journals than for APC-based ones. Generally, this holds for most languages other than English."

4960: 4117: 3152: 2207:"What does 'green' open access mean? Tracking twelve years of changes to journal publisher self-archiving policies" 618:

that fall in a specific range of annual costs (i.e. 26% of the respondents have an annual costs between $ 1–$ 1000)

2478:"Historicizing the Knowledge Commons: Open Access, Technical Knowledge, and the Industrial Application of Science" 3277: 734: 4965: 4955: 4669: 3526: 3376: 348:

The share of Diamond OA publications among all OA journal articles peaked in 2018 and has been declining since.

2947:

Fyfe, Aileen; Coate, Kelly; Curry, Stephen; Lawson, Stuart; Moxham, Noah; Røstvik, Camilla Mørk (2017-05-25).

4970: 4919: 4256: 3985: 3714: 3645: 3395: 2453: 1944: 1762: 287: 3048:"Subscriptions no longer needed: flipping journals to Open Access while supporting existing OA publications" 1795:

Bosman, Jeroen; Frantsvåg, Jan Erik; Kramer, Bianca; Langlais, Pierre-Carl; Proudman, Vanessa (2021-03-09).

4945: 4914: 4884: 4367: 4312: 3597: 3587: 3226: 689:

use this open source software application for managing and publishing their diamond open access journals.

4879: 4432: 3556: 3348: 3211: 3145: 2617:"Revisiting "the 1990s debutante": Scholar-led publishing and the prehistory of the open access movement" 330:

the number of Diamond OA journals is very large (>29,000), but only ca. a third of them registered in

4894: 4874: 4334: 4322: 4297: 3914: 3531: 3343: 266: 4950: 4122: 4112: 3929: 3430: 3415: 3256: 2783: 453: 359: 196: 4909: 2658:"'Publication favela' or bibliodiversity? Open access publishing viewed from a European perspective" 2253: 4292: 4107: 4020: 3466: 3435: 3420: 3410: 3307: 589: 315: 110: 97:

aim to support the development of non-commercial or community-driven forms open access publishing.

2736: 978: 4811: 4755: 3546: 3241: 1845:

Ancion, Zoé; Borrell-Damián, Lidia; Mounier, Pierre; Rooryck, Johan; Saenen, Bregt (2022-03-02).

737:. It aims to "expand a sustainable, community-driven Diamond scholarly communication ecosystem." 1627:"Supporting diamond open access journals: Interest and feasibility of direct funding mechanisms" 729:"a transition from subscription towards open access with no publishing fees". In March 2022, an 4851: 4567: 4523: 4241: 4231: 4132: 4082: 3965: 3571: 3506: 3496: 3486: 3476: 3471: 3338: 3179: 1516:"New Communities: Scholar-led publishing und Open Access | Zeitschrift für Medienwissenschaft" 49:

In 2021, it is estimated that between 17,000 and 29,000 scientific journals rely on a diamond

4841: 4816: 4593: 4502: 4414: 4287: 4236: 3873: 3786: 3750: 3687: 3566: 3551: 3541: 3536: 3501: 3491: 3481: 3366: 2569: 2411: 2165: 79: 2782:

Potts, Jason; Hartley, John; Montgomery, Lucy; Neylon, Cameron; Rennie, Ellie (2017-01-02).

537:

The diamond model remain attested in various disciplines, with 22.2% of diamond journals in

464:

more frequently struggle to be registered in academic indexes and remain largely uncharted.

4831: 4796: 4750: 4638: 4598: 4583: 4025: 4008: 4003: 3996: 3630: 3561: 3521: 3511: 3261: 593: 585: 261: 247:, a French mathematician and physicist and open access activist. Farge was involved in the 187: 1119:

Common Struggles: Policy-based vs. scholar-led approaches to open access in the humanities

8: 4390: 4317: 4251: 4137: 3888: 3724: 3333: 3200: 2808: 2570:"Introduction: The Politics of Open Access — Decolonizing Research or Corporate Capture?" 702:

and that policy makers should take the Diamond Model serious by providing support for it.

472: 610: 4801: 4437: 4409: 4173: 3954: 3831: 3735: 3312: 3236: 2903: 2821: 2764: 2687: 2644: 2597: 2556: 2507: 2355: 2330: 2281: 2234: 2038: 2011:"Latin American science is meant to be open access: Initiatives and current challenges" 1991: 1589: 768: 733:

has been published with the support of the cOAlition S, Science Europe, OPERAS and the

387:, which is higher than for subscription journals, that prefer single-blind peer review. 380:

Only ca. half of the Diamond OA journals provide download statistics for their content.

213:

accepted manuscript, but of the fully formatted and paginated publisher PDF". In 2004,

85:

In 2022, new national and international policies, such as the UNESCO recommendation on

2477: 622:

Running costs of diamond journals are low: half of the 1,600 journals surveyed by the

182:

were all managed by scholars and library workers rather than publishing professionals.

4857: 4745: 4712: 4533: 4454: 4329: 4183: 4127: 3826: 3796: 3382: 3216: 2907: 2862: 2840: 2825: 2813: 2768: 2722: 2679: 2648: 2636: 2601: 2589: 2560: 2548: 2511: 2499: 2458: 2380: 2322: 2285: 2273: 2226: 2187: 2146: 2107: 2064: 2030: 1995: 1918: 1899: 1880: 1648: 1607: 248: 128: 2881: 2691: 2334: 2238: 2042: 1969: 1935:

Au bureau de la revue. Une histoire de la publication scientifique (XIXe-XXe siècle)

1896:

Bibliometrics and Citation Analysis: From the Science Citation Index to Cybermetrics

426: 4846: 4760: 4482: 4404: 4339: 4193: 4188: 4102: 3878: 3371: 3231: 3028: 3009: 2893: 2852: 2803: 2795: 2754: 2744: 2712: 2669: 2628: 2581: 2538: 2489: 2448: 2438: 2392: 2365: 2312: 2269: 2265: 2218: 2177: 2138: 2097: 2022: 1981: 1850: 1825: 1800: 1638: 1599: 1123: 1089: 674: 226: 202: 124: 2799: 2543: 2526: 1626: 603:) maintain commercial activities by charging for services or additional features ( 105: 4821: 4618: 4608: 4555: 4538: 4464: 4178: 4168: 4077: 4061: 4046: 3958: 3924: 3919: 3883: 3771: 3625: 3592: 1213: 292: 3656: 2932:

The Scholarly Commons - principles and practices to guide research communication

1970:"Scaling Small; Or How to Envision New Relationalities for Knowledge Production" 156: 4770: 4740: 4676: 4643: 4613: 4562: 4449: 4444: 3909: 3836: 3635: 3620: 3328: 2749: 2616: 2182: 1933: 1603: 1117: 492: 410: 342:. Over half of these Diamond OA journals publish 25 articles per year or fewer. 339: 252: 71: 2973:

Shearer, Kathleen; Chan, Leslie; Kuchma, Iryna; Mounier, Pierre (2020-04-15).

1643: 218:

there is no distinction between commercial and non-commercial publishers. For

4934: 4826: 4633: 4603: 4487: 4472: 4213: 4056: 3991: 3949: 3791: 3719: 2866: 2817: 2726: 2683: 2640: 2593: 2552: 2503: 2462: 2443: 2326: 2301:"From coalition to commons: Plan S and the future of scholarly communication" 2277: 2230: 2222: 2191: 2150: 2111: 2034: 2026: 1652: 1611: 1577: 484: 214: 1490: 1454: 256:

by the publishers". "Free OA" was also contemplated as an alternative name.

4246: 4208: 4142: 4041: 3841: 3821: 3776: 3691: 3640: 3610: 2206: 2127:"Les revues académiques ne devraient plus appartenir aux maisons d'édition" 2010: 1854: 1830: 1805: 209: 86: 19: 2717: 2700: 2102: 4806: 4664: 4623: 4477: 4266: 4203: 4198: 4051: 4015: 3893: 3781: 3740: 3168: 2857: 2699:

Newton, Hazel; Dacos, Marin; Mounier, Pierre; Neuman, Yrsa (2014-04-08).

2142: 588:, via Lodel), or the Netherlands, Finland, Croatia, and Denmark (all via 573: 384: 278: 244: 219: 94: 50: 2976:

Fostering Bibliodiversity in Scholarly Communications: A Call for Action

2759: 2058: 4686: 4588: 2585: 2396: 2254:"The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access" 1127: 653:) that play an important role in the Humanities and Social Sciences. 4359: 2898: 2674: 2657: 2632: 2370: 2343: 1986: 1741:

Draft text of the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science, 2021, CL/4363

4707: 4550: 4261: 3846: 3615: 3251: 2966:

From green to gold to diamond: open access's return to social justice

2317: 2300: 2063:. Laboratoire d'idées. Marseille: OpenEdition Press. pp. 41–55. 650: 414: 2998: 2974: 2784:"A journal is a club: a new economic model for scholarly publishing" 2494: 2381:"Publishing, the Internet and the Commons: Debates and Developments" 1846: 1821: 1796: 1209:"Harvard University says it can't afford journal publishers' prices" 4780: 4775: 4702: 4492: 4344: 3745: 3405: 3246: 2948: 2360: 2086:"Les revues en sciences humaines et sociales à l'heure des communs" 1594: 773: 604: 460:

subscription-based publishers to the commercial open access model.

399: 3119:"Look to the commons for the future of R&D and science policy" 3013: 2426: 2055: 1295: 66:. However, Diamond OA journals are under-represented in the major 4717: 4681: 4628: 4271: 3755: 3450: 3221: 2733: 2621:

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology

2482:

KULA: Knowledge Creation, Dissemination, and Preservation Studies

2348:

Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology

1690: 670: 569: 496: 299: 63: 2008: 1819: 1729: 1306: 1196: 1173: 1140: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1049: 203:

Debates over the identity of the open access commons (2003–2012)

4765: 4528: 4518: 3801: 3425: 3090:

Sustaining the Knowledge Commons / Soutenir les savoirs communs

2344:"Open is not forever: A study of vanished open access journals" 725: 707: 581: 577: 500: 488: 406: 352: 335: 323: 106:

Historical roots of diamond models: knowledge clubs and commons

75: 59: 3137: 1625:

Dufour, Quentin; Pontille, David; Torny, Didier (2023-12-22).

508:

institutions. It is uncommon to outsource editorial processes.

483:

The majority of diamond open access journals are published in

351:

Only 4.3% of Diamond OA journals are fully compliant with all

4836: 4497: 2009:

Babini, Dominique; Machin-Mastromatteo, Juan D (2015-11-01).

1704: 1046: 365:

Only 25% of the Diamond OA journals provide their content as

1877:

Dutch Messengers: A History of Science Publishing, 1930-1980

1437: 1435: 645:

limits the definition's scope to mostly refer to journals.

4545: 4147: 3066:"A new open-access venture from Cambridge University Press" 1576:

Taubert, Niels; Sterzik, Linda; Bruns, Andre (2024-01-08).

1467: 1386: 1384: 1279: 1277: 1228: 1226: 1224: 928: 926: 924: 370: 331: 243:

The term "diamond open access" was coined later in 2012 by

2927: 1705:"PKP Preservation Network | Public Knowledge Project" 1578:"Mapping the German Diamond Open Access Journal Landscape" 295:

still consider diamond open access as a "category error".

53:

model. They make up 73% of the journals registered in the

2424: 1503: 1432: 1005: 766: 374: 366: 186:

Specialized free software for scientific publishing like

16:

Open access distributed with no fees to author and reader

2972: 2930: 2839:

Rosnay, Mélanie Dulong de; Stalder, Felix (2020-12-17).

2698: 2524: 1711: 1381: 1274: 1221: 1151: 921: 995:

Green, Brass and Platinum - three routes to open access

2204: 1478: 944: 273: 3446:

Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition

1788: 786: 784: 2342:

Laakso, Mikael; Matthias, Lisa; Jahn, Najko (2021).

2163: 1059: 2427:"All That Glitters Is Not Gold, But Is It Diamond?" 2205:Gadd, Elizabeth; Troll Covey, Denise (2019-03-01). 1624: 1575: 157:

Development of "grassroots" open access (1990–2010)

117:

The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

2525:Martone, Maryann; Aghazarian, Maria (2019-06-14). 2164:Fuchs, Christian; Sandoval, Marisol (2013-09-09). 2083: 1822:OA Diamond Journals Study. Part 2: Recommendations 824: 781: 3686: 2454:20.500.11820/74c5c796-3c4c-43f6-a91f-9373cef2a148 2425:Mac Síthigh, Daithí; Sheekey, John (2012-12-15). 2416:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 2170:TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique 1631:Nordic Journal of Library and Information Studies 4932: 3086:"Knowledge and equity: analysis of three models" 2701:"Snapshots of three open access business models" 2211:Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 1794: 1717: 1665: 1563: 1551: 1539: 1441: 1426: 1414: 1402: 1390: 1375: 1363: 1351: 1339: 1283: 1268: 1256: 1244: 1232: 932: 915: 755: 639: 383:2/3 of the Diamond OA journals use double-blind 2886:Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture 2385:Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture 1974:Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture 1968:Adema, Janneke; Moore, Samuel A. (2021-03-22). 1938:. Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. 1111: 1109: 1491:"HRČAK OJS : Open access journals system" 1018:Mail of Marie Farge to Jean Pierre Bourguignon 476:World distribution of diamond journals in the 23:Diamond among the different open access models 4375: 3672: 3153: 2838: 2341: 2251: 1844: 1773: 1763:EUA signs Action Plan for Diamond Open Access 1677: 955: 553: 3401:Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association 2781: 1106: 1101: 846: 790: 3105:"Why Open Access definitions are confusing" 2946: 1797:OA Diamond Journals Study. Part 1: Findings 813: 584:) and some European countries like France ( 114:An early example of community-run journal, 4382: 4368: 3679: 3665: 3160: 3146: 1967: 1961: 1691:"Directory of Open Access Journals – DOAJ" 1185: 634: 467: 2897: 2856: 2807: 2758: 2748: 2716: 2673: 2542: 2493: 2452: 2442: 2369: 2359: 2316: 2181: 2101: 1985: 1874: 1829: 1804: 1642: 1593: 1073:Why Open Access Definitions are Confusing 880: 772: 100: 3083: 2880:Rosnay, Melanie Dulong de (2021-03-31). 1931: 1898:. Lanham, Md: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. 802: 609: 471: 425: 358:Only 55% of Diamond OA journals provide 334:, and only ca. 5% are indexed in either 277: 109: 18: 4389: 2655: 2567: 2378: 2298: 1942: 1328: 1296:Becerril-García & Aguado-López 2019 1162: 869: 4933: 3064: 2996: 2879: 2475: 1893: 1041: 858: 835: 4890:Academic databases and search engines 4363: 3660: 3141: 2968:. IFLA WLIC. Kuala Lumpur. p. 9. 2614: 2124: 2090:Revue dhistoire moderne contemporaine 2084:Contat, Odile; Torny, Didier (2015). 1912: 1875:Andriesse, Cornelis D. (2008-09-15). 1730:OA Diamond Study Recommendations 2021 1307:Babini & Machin-Mastromatteo 2015 1197:OA Diamond Study Recommendations 2021 1174:OA Diamond Study Recommendations 2021 1141:OA Diamond Study Recommendations 2021 1115: 1030:Mail of Marie Farge to Timothy Gowers 966: 903: 891: 180:Public-Access Computer Systems Review 4280: 3441:Registry of Open Access Repositories 2997:Caraco, Benjamin (27 January 2014). 2990: 2963: 2131:I2D - Information, Donnees Documents 1868: 1317: 983:American Scientist Open Access Forum 751: 749: 326:. Noteworthy, the 2021 study found: 282:Cover of the OA Diamond Study (2021) 231:American Scientist Open Access Forum 3045: 3026: 1847:Action Plan for Diamond Open Access 1751:Second French Plan for Open Science 731:Action Plan for Diamond Open Access 274:Defining the diamond model (2012–…) 91:Action Plan for Diamond Open Access 13: 4660:Academic journal publishing reform 2999:"La voie diamantée du libre accès" 1789:OA Diamond Study & Action Plan 614:Share of journals surveyed by the 503:rather than APC-based publishers: 14: 4982: 3391:Directory of Open Access Journals 746: 441:Directory of Open Access Journals 193:Directory of Open Access Journals 55:Directory of Open Access Journals 3084:Morrison, Heather (2020-06-26). 1932:Tesnière, Valérie (2021-03-17). 545:An additional survey led by the 3278:Budapest Open Access Initiative 3167: 3102: 1879:. Leiden ; Boston: Brill. 1782: 1767: 1756: 1744: 1735: 1723: 1697: 1683: 1671: 1659: 1618: 1569: 1557: 1545: 1533: 1508: 1497: 1483: 1472: 1461: 1447: 1420: 1408: 1396: 1369: 1357: 1345: 1333: 1322: 1311: 1300: 1289: 1262: 1250: 1238: 1201: 1190: 1179: 1167: 1156: 1145: 1134: 1095: 1082: 1065: 1035: 1023: 1011: 999: 988: 971: 960: 949: 938: 909: 897: 885: 874: 863: 735:French National Research Agency 656: 421: 3377:Directory of Open Access Books 2379:Lockett, Andrew (2021-06-01). 2270:10.1080/00987913.2004.10764930 1006:Mac Síthigh & Sheekey 2012 852: 840: 829: 818: 807: 796: 760: 692: 524: 131:, or, more specifically, as a 78:. It is also noteworthy, that 1: 4920:Category:Scientific documents 4257:Open-source software movement 3986:Free and open-source software 3715:Commons-based peer production 3396:Initiative for Open Citations 3006:Le comptoir de l'accès ouvert 2921: 2809:10.1080/08109028.2017.1386949 2800:10.1080/08109028.2017.1386949 2544:10.1080/0361526X.2019.1587699 1152:Martone & Aghazarian 2019 740: 640:Apparent limitations of focus 4915:Category:Academic publishing 3598:List of open-access journals 3588:Access to Knowledge movement 3227:Copyright transfer agreement 2476:Martin, Shawn (2019-02-28). 7: 3349:Delayed open-access journal 3212:Subscription business model 2299:Johnson, Rob (2019-01-30). 2125:Farge, Marie (2016-10-04). 1913:Suber, Peter (2012-07-20). 945:Gadd & Troll Covey 2019 362:numbers for their articles. 10: 4987: 4733:Indexes and search engines 4335:Open educational resources 3344:Hybrid open-access journal 3046:Eve, Martin (2015-06-09). 2750:10.21428/6ffd8432.a7503356 2183:10.31269/triplec.v11i2.502 1894:Bellis, Nicola De (2009). 1604:10.1007/s11024-023-09519-7 1077:Musing About Librarianship 554:Organization and economics 267:Cambridge University Press 176:Bryn Mawr Classical Review 36:non-commercial open access 4867: 4789: 4731: 4695: 4652: 4576: 4511: 4463: 4425: 4397: 4222: 4161: 4123:Open Knowledge Foundation 4113:Open Architecture Network 4095: 4070: 4034: 3978: 3942: 3930:Open-door academic policy 3902: 3866: 3857: 3812: 3764: 3707: 3698: 3606: 3580: 3459: 3431:Public Library of Science 3416:Open Knowledge Foundation 3357: 3321: 3270: 3257:Article processing charge 3193: 3175: 3123:Impact of Social Sciences 3052:Impact of Social Sciences 3027:Eve, Martin Paul (2021). 2615:Moore, Samuel A. (2020). 1644:10.7146/njlis.v4i2.140344 1060:Fuchs & Sandoval 2013 979:There is no Platinum Road 687:OA Diamond Journals Study 663:OA Diamond Journals Study 197:article processing charge 4941:Open access (publishing) 4108:Free Software Foundation 4021:Open-source architecture 3436:Public Knowledge Project 3421:Open Society Foundations 3411:Open Archives Initiative 3308:NIH Public Access Policy 2656:Mounier, Pierre (2018). 2444:10.2966/scrip.090312.274 2223:10.1177/0961000616657406 2027:10.1177/0266666915601420 1468:https://openjournals.nl/ 316:Public Knowledge Project 4961:Scholarly communication 4910:Style/formatting guides 4812:Scholarly communication 4512:Other publication types 4071:Politics and governance 2527:"The Scholarly Commons" 2015:Information Development 1962:Articles & chapters 1943:Wouters, P. F. (1999). 1520:zfmedienwissenschaft.de 825:Contat & Torny 2015 635:Issues and perspectives 468:Geographic distribution 40:cooperative open access 4852:Least publishable unit 4524:Collection of articles 4242:Free software movement 4133:Open Source Initiative 4083:Open-source governance 3966:Open-source journalism 3339:Open-access repository 2845:Internet Policy Review 2574:Development and Change 2568:Meagher, Kate (2021). 1855:10.5281/zenodo.6282403 1831:10.5281/zenodo.4562790 1806:10.5281/zenodo.4558704 1504:https://tidsskrift.dk/ 1186:Adema & Moore 2021 1116:Moore, Samuel (2019). 722: 704: 619: 510: 480: 431: 283: 241: 184: 150: 120: 101:Context and definition 24: 4966:Free culture movement 4956:Electronic publishing 4842:Electronic publishing 4817:Scientific literature 4594:Article-level metrics 4247:Open science movement 4237:Free-culture movement 3915:Educational resources 3874:Collaborative writing 3751:Participatory culture 3367:The Cost of Knowledge 2964:Raju, Reggie (2018). 2718:10.1629/2048-7754.118 2531:The Serials Librarian 2399:(inactive 2024-09-11) 2103:10.3917/rhmc.625.0062 1718:OA Diamond Study 2021 1666:OA Diamond Study 2021 1564:OA Diamond Study 2021 1552:OA Diamond Study 2021 1540:OA Diamond Study 2021 1442:OA Diamond Study 2021 1427:OA Diamond Study 2021 1415:OA Diamond Study 2021 1403:OA Diamond Study 2021 1391:OA Diamond Study 2021 1376:OA Diamond Study 2021 1364:OA Diamond Study 2021 1352:OA Diamond Study 2021 1340:OA Diamond Study 2021 1284:OA Diamond Study 2021 1269:OA Diamond Study 2021 1257:OA Diamond Study 2021 1245:OA Diamond Study 2021 1233:OA Diamond Study 2021 981:, Mail posted on the 933:OA Diamond Study 2021 916:OA Diamond Study 2021 756:OA Diamond Study 2021 717: 699: 613: 505: 475: 429: 281: 236: 164: 145: 113: 80:high-income countries 22: 4971:Open access journals 4885:Open-access journals 4832:Open scientific data 4639:SCImago Journal Rank 4599:Author-level metrics 4584:Acknowledgment index 4026:Open-source hardware 4004:Open-design movement 3997:Open-source software 3765:Research and science 3262:Predatory publishing 2858:10.14763/2020.4.1530 2143:10.3917/i2d.163.0019 1946:The citation culture 586:OpenEdition Journals 312:OA Cooperative Study 262:Forum of Mathematics 188:Open Journal Systems 32:platinum open access 4946:Academic publishing 4880:Scientific journals 4391:Academic publishing 4308:Free Cultural Works 4252:Open Source Ecology 4138:Open Web Foundation 4035:Economic principles 3992:Free/libre software 3889:Participatory media 3517:Republic of Ireland 3334:Open-access mandate 1479:https://journal.fi/ 1457:. 24 November 2022. 1092:, cOAlition S, 2021 594:Open Journal System 168:Postmodern Cultures 68:scholarly databases 44:open access commons 42:or, more recently, 28:Diamond open access 4900:Copyright policies 4895:University presses 4802:Scientific writing 4670:Citation advantage 4577:Impact and ranking 4410:Scientific journal 4174:Alexandra Elbakyan 4118:Openmod Initiative 3955:Citizen journalism 3832:Open communication 3813:Data, information, 3736:Open collaboration 3313:Research Works Act 3303:Geneva Declaration 3288:Bethesda Statement 3283:Berlin Declaration 3237:Scientific journal 2662:Learned Publishing 2586:10.1111/dech.12630 2397:10.16997/wpcc.1048 1774:Ancion et al. 2022 1678:Laakso et al. 2020 1128:10.17613/st5m-cx33 956:Harnad et al. 2004 706:The launch of the 620: 481: 432: 284: 195:(DOAJ) without an 121: 25: 4928: 4927: 4905:Preprint policies 4875:Academic journals 4858:Publish or perish 4713:Version of record 4653:Reform and access 4455:Literature review 4357: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4345:Open Web movement 4330:Open Data Indices 4184:Peter Murray-Rust 4128:Open Rights Group 4091: 4090: 3974: 3973: 3827:Knowledge commons 3654: 3653: 3217:Subscribe to Open 2991:Other web sources 2899:10.16997/wpcc.913 2841:"Digital commons" 2675:10.1002/leap.1194 2633:10.1002/asi.24306 2371:10.1002/asi.24460 2070:979-10-365-3802-5 1987:10.16997/wpcc.918 1924:978-0-262-30098-8 1905:978-0-8108-6713-0 1886:978-90-04-17084-1 1869:Book & thesis 1102:Potts et al. 2017 1088:Martin Paul Eve, 985:on May 30th, 2007 847:Potts et al. 2017 791:Potts et al. 2017 582:Ariadna Ediciones 547:OA Diamond Survey 487:(around 25%) and 249:Cost of Knowledge 129:knowledge commons 4978: 4951:Social movements 4847:Ingelfinger rule 4761:Semantic Scholar 4483:Technical report 4405:Academic journal 4384: 4377: 4370: 4361: 4360: 4340:Open music model 4304:Definition docs 4293:Creative Commons 4278: 4277: 4194:Richard Stallman 4189:Douglas Rushkoff 4103:Creative Commons 3879:Democratic media 3864: 3863: 3787:Notebook science 3705: 3704: 3681: 3674: 3667: 3658: 3657: 3387: 3384: 3372:Creative Commons 3298:Durham Statement 3232:Academic journal 3162: 3155: 3148: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3114: 3112: 3111: 3099: 3097: 3096: 3080: 3078: 3077: 3061: 3059: 3058: 3042: 3040: 3039: 3029:"Diamond Mining" 3023: 3021: 3020: 3003: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2969: 2960: 2958: 2957: 2943: 2941: 2940: 2917: 2915: 2914: 2901: 2876: 2874: 2873: 2860: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2811: 2778: 2776: 2775: 2762: 2752: 2730: 2720: 2695: 2677: 2652: 2611: 2609: 2608: 2564: 2546: 2537:(1–4): 220–224. 2521: 2519: 2518: 2497: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2456: 2446: 2421: 2415: 2407: 2405: 2404: 2375: 2373: 2363: 2354:(9): 1099–1112. 2338: 2320: 2318:10.1629/uksg.453 2295: 2293: 2292: 2248: 2246: 2245: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2185: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2121: 2119: 2118: 2105: 2080: 2078: 2077: 2052: 2050: 2049: 2005: 2003: 2002: 1989: 1957: 1955: 1954: 1939: 1928: 1909: 1890: 1864: 1862: 1861: 1841: 1839: 1838: 1833: 1816: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1739: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1687: 1681: 1675: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1646: 1622: 1616: 1615: 1597: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1537: 1531: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1512: 1506: 1501: 1495: 1494: 1487: 1481: 1476: 1470: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1451: 1445: 1439: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1379: 1373: 1367: 1361: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1337: 1331: 1326: 1320: 1315: 1309: 1304: 1298: 1293: 1287: 1281: 1272: 1266: 1260: 1254: 1248: 1242: 1236: 1230: 1219: 1218: 1217:. 24 April 2012. 1205: 1199: 1194: 1188: 1183: 1177: 1171: 1165: 1160: 1154: 1149: 1143: 1138: 1132: 1131: 1113: 1104: 1099: 1093: 1086: 1080: 1069: 1063: 1057: 1044: 1039: 1033: 1032:, May 17th, 2012 1027: 1021: 1020:, June 6th, 2012 1015: 1009: 1003: 997: 992: 986: 975: 969: 964: 958: 953: 947: 942: 936: 930: 919: 913: 907: 901: 895: 889: 883: 878: 872: 867: 861: 856: 850: 844: 838: 833: 827: 822: 816: 814:Fyfe et al. 2017 811: 805: 800: 794: 788: 779: 778: 776: 764: 758: 753: 713:OA Diamond Study 679:KEEPERS Registry 675:Internet Archive 628:OA Diamond Study 624:OA Diamond Study 616:OA Diamond Study 561:OA Diamond Study 531:OA Diamond Study 514:OA Diamond Study 478:OA Diamond Study 449:OA Diamond Study 436:OA Diamond Study 373:(in addition to 320:OA Diamond Study 304:OA Diamond study 251:campaign led by 125:Second World War 93:promoted by the 4986: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4975: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4863: 4822:Learned society 4785: 4727: 4691: 4648: 4619:Journal ranking 4609:Citation impact 4572: 4507: 4465:Grey literature 4459: 4421: 4393: 4388: 4358: 4349: 4276: 4224: 4218: 4179:Lawrence Lessig 4169:Tim Berners-Lee 4157: 4087: 4078:Open government 4066: 4062:Sharing economy 4047:Open innovation 4030: 3970: 3959:Wiki journalism 3938: 3898: 3884:Open publishing 3859: 3853: 3814: 3808: 3772:Citizen science 3760: 3700: 3694: 3685: 3655: 3650: 3626:Open government 3602: 3593:Access2Research 3576: 3455: 3379: 3359: 3353: 3317: 3266: 3189: 3171: 3166: 3136: 3128: 3126: 3117: 3109: 3107: 3094: 3092: 3075: 3073: 3070:Gowers's Weblog 3056: 3054: 3037: 3035: 3018: 3016: 3001: 2993: 2981: 2979: 2955: 2953: 2938: 2936: 2935:. OSF Preprints 2924: 2912: 2910: 2871: 2869: 2830: 2828: 2773: 2771: 2668:(S1): 299–305. 2606: 2604: 2516: 2514: 2495:10.5334/kula.16 2467: 2465: 2409: 2408: 2402: 2400: 2290: 2288: 2243: 2241: 2196: 2194: 2155: 2153: 2116: 2114: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2047: 2045: 2000: 1998: 1964: 1952: 1950: 1925: 1906: 1887: 1871: 1859: 1857: 1836: 1834: 1811: 1809: 1791: 1785: 1780: 1772: 1768: 1761: 1757: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1728: 1724: 1716: 1712: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1676: 1672: 1664: 1660: 1623: 1619: 1574: 1570: 1562: 1558: 1550: 1546: 1538: 1534: 1525: 1523: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1502: 1498: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1477: 1473: 1466: 1462: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1440: 1433: 1425: 1421: 1413: 1409: 1401: 1397: 1389: 1382: 1374: 1370: 1362: 1358: 1350: 1346: 1338: 1334: 1327: 1323: 1316: 1312: 1305: 1301: 1294: 1290: 1282: 1275: 1267: 1263: 1255: 1251: 1243: 1239: 1231: 1222: 1214:TheGuardian.com 1207: 1206: 1202: 1195: 1191: 1184: 1180: 1172: 1168: 1161: 1157: 1150: 1146: 1139: 1135: 1114: 1107: 1100: 1096: 1087: 1083: 1070: 1066: 1058: 1047: 1040: 1036: 1028: 1024: 1016: 1012: 1004: 1000: 993: 989: 977:Stevan Harnad, 976: 972: 965: 961: 954: 950: 943: 939: 931: 922: 914: 910: 902: 898: 890: 886: 879: 875: 868: 864: 857: 853: 845: 841: 834: 830: 823: 819: 812: 808: 801: 797: 789: 782: 765: 761: 754: 747: 743: 695: 659: 642: 637: 556: 527: 470: 424: 293:Martin Paul Eve 276: 205: 159: 108: 103: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4984: 4974: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4791: 4790:Related topics 4787: 4786: 4784: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4771:Web of Science 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4741:Google Scholar 4737: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4677:Serials crisis 4674: 4673: 4672: 4662: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4646: 4644:Scientometrics 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4614:Citation index 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4580: 4578: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4563:Poster session 4560: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4543: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4526: 4521: 4515: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4506: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4469: 4467: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4450:Position paper 4447: 4445:Review article 4442: 4441: 4440: 4429: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4419: 4418: 4417: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4387: 4386: 4379: 4372: 4364: 4355: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4348: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4302: 4301: 4300: 4295: 4284: 4282: 4275: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4228: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4038: 4036: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4012: 4011: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3982: 3980: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3946: 3944: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3917: 3910:Open education 3906: 3904: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3870: 3868: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3837:Open knowledge 3834: 3829: 3824: 3818: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3806: 3805: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3774: 3768: 3766: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3722: 3717: 3711: 3709: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3684: 3683: 3676: 3669: 3661: 3652: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3636:Open knowledge 3633: 3628: 3623: 3621:Open education 3618: 3613: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3374: 3369: 3363: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3329:Self-archiving 3325: 3323: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3197: 3195: 3191: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3165: 3164: 3157: 3150: 3142: 3135: 3134: 3115: 3100: 3081: 3062: 3043: 3024: 2992: 2989: 2988: 2987: 2970: 2961: 2944: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2877: 2836: 2779: 2731: 2696: 2653: 2627:(7): 856–866. 2612: 2580:(2): 340–358. 2565: 2522: 2473: 2437:(3): 274–279. 2422: 2376: 2339: 2296: 2264:(4): 310–314. 2258:Serials Review 2249: 2217:(1): 106–122. 2202: 2176:(2): 428–443. 2161: 2122: 2081: 2069: 2053: 2021:(5): 477–481. 2006: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1958: 1940: 1929: 1923: 1910: 1904: 1891: 1885: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1842: 1817: 1790: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1778: 1766: 1755: 1743: 1734: 1722: 1710: 1696: 1682: 1670: 1658: 1617: 1588:(2): 193–227. 1568: 1556: 1544: 1532: 1507: 1496: 1482: 1471: 1460: 1446: 1431: 1419: 1407: 1395: 1380: 1368: 1356: 1344: 1332: 1321: 1310: 1299: 1288: 1273: 1261: 1249: 1237: 1220: 1200: 1189: 1178: 1166: 1155: 1144: 1133: 1105: 1094: 1090:Diamond Mining 1081: 1064: 1045: 1034: 1022: 1010: 998: 987: 970: 959: 948: 937: 920: 908: 896: 884: 881:Andriesse 2008 873: 862: 851: 839: 828: 817: 806: 795: 780: 759: 744: 742: 739: 694: 691: 658: 655: 641: 638: 636: 633: 555: 552: 526: 523: 493:Eastern Europe 469: 466: 423: 420: 419: 418: 411:Web of Science 403: 395: 391: 388: 381: 378: 363: 356: 349: 346: 343: 340:Web of Science 322:(2021) by the 314:(2016) by the 275: 272: 253:Timothy Gowers 204: 201: 158: 155: 133:knowledge club 107: 104: 102: 99: 72:Web of Science 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4983: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4866: 4859: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4827:Open research 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4730: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4694: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4651: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4634:Impact factor 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4604:Bibliometrics 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4575: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4547: 4544: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4488:Annual report 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4473:Working paper 4471: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4462: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4436: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4416: 4415:Public health 4413: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4385: 4380: 4378: 4373: 4371: 4366: 4365: 4362: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4313:Free Software 4311: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4214:John Wilbanks 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4160: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4098: 4096:Organizations 4094: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4057:Open standard 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4033: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4010: 4007: 4006: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3977: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3951: 3950:Citizen media 3948: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3922: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3862: 3860:and learning 3858:Communication 3856: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3815:and knowledge 3811: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3721: 3720:Crowdsourcing 3718: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3677: 3675: 3670: 3668: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3631:Open hardware 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3608: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3579: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360:organizations 3356: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3163: 3158: 3156: 3151: 3149: 3144: 3143: 3140: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3106: 3101: 3091: 3087: 3082: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3015: 3014:10.58079/sh3g 3011: 3007: 3000: 2995: 2994: 2978: 2977: 2971: 2967: 2962: 2952: 2951: 2945: 2934: 2933: 2926: 2925: 2909: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2868: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2711:(s1): 39–44. 2710: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2464: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2072: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2054: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2007: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1965: 1948: 1947: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1930: 1926: 1920: 1917:. MIT Press. 1916: 1911: 1907: 1901: 1897: 1892: 1888: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1872: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1775: 1770: 1764: 1759: 1752: 1747: 1738: 1731: 1726: 1719: 1714: 1706: 1700: 1692: 1686: 1679: 1674: 1667: 1662: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1621: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1572: 1566:, p. 115 1565: 1560: 1554:, p. 112 1553: 1548: 1542:, p. 110 1541: 1536: 1521: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1500: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1475: 1469: 1464: 1456: 1450: 1444:, p. 118 1443: 1438: 1436: 1429:, p. 117 1428: 1423: 1417:, p. 103 1416: 1411: 1404: 1399: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1377: 1372: 1365: 1360: 1353: 1348: 1341: 1336: 1330: 1325: 1319: 1314: 1308: 1303: 1297: 1292: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1271:, p. 101 1270: 1265: 1258: 1253: 1246: 1241: 1234: 1229: 1227: 1225: 1216: 1215: 1210: 1204: 1198: 1193: 1187: 1182: 1175: 1170: 1164: 1159: 1153: 1148: 1142: 1137: 1129: 1125: 1122:(Thesis). K. 1121: 1120: 1112: 1110: 1103: 1098: 1091: 1085: 1078: 1074: 1068: 1062:, p. 438 1061: 1056: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1043: 1038: 1031: 1026: 1019: 1014: 1008:, p. 277 1007: 1002: 996: 991: 984: 980: 974: 968: 963: 957: 952: 946: 941: 934: 929: 927: 925: 917: 912: 905: 900: 893: 888: 882: 877: 871: 866: 860: 855: 848: 843: 837: 832: 826: 821: 815: 810: 804: 803:Tesnière 2021 799: 792: 787: 785: 775: 770: 763: 757: 752: 750: 745: 738: 736: 732: 727: 721: 716: 714: 709: 703: 698: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 667: 664: 654: 652: 646: 632: 629: 625: 617: 612: 608: 606: 602: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 565: 562: 551: 548: 543: 540: 535: 532: 522: 518: 515: 509: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 485:Latin America 479: 474: 465: 461: 457: 455: 450: 444: 442: 437: 428: 416: 412: 408: 404: 401: 396: 392: 389: 386: 382: 379: 376: 372: 368: 364: 361: 357: 354: 350: 347: 344: 341: 337: 333: 329: 328: 327: 325: 321: 317: 313: 308: 305: 301: 296: 294: 289: 280: 271: 268: 264: 263: 257: 254: 250: 246: 240: 235: 232: 228: 224: 221: 216: 211: 210:ROMEO project 200: 198: 194: 189: 183: 181: 177: 173: 169: 163: 154: 149: 144: 141: 136: 134: 130: 126: 119: 118: 112: 98: 96: 92: 88: 83: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 56: 52: 47: 45: 41: 37: 33: 29: 21: 4223:Projects and 4209:Aaron Swartz 4143:Pirate Party 4042:Gift economy 3822:Free content 3797:Science data 3777:Open science 3729: 3725: 3708:Key concepts 3699:Concepts and 3692:open content 3688:Free culture 3641:Open science 3611:Open content 3557:South Africa 3358:Projects and 3205: 3201: 3127:. Retrieved 3125:. 2020-12-17 3122: 3108:. Retrieved 3103:Tay, Aaron. 3093:. Retrieved 3089: 3074:. Retrieved 3072:. 2012-07-02 3069: 3055:. Retrieved 3051: 3036:. Retrieved 3032: 3017:. Retrieved 3005: 2980:. Retrieved 2975: 2965: 2954:. Retrieved 2949: 2937:. Retrieved 2931: 2911:. Retrieved 2889: 2885: 2870:. Retrieved 2848: 2844: 2829:. Retrieved 2794:(1): 75–92. 2791: 2787: 2772:. Retrieved 2760:11584/305620 2740: 2708: 2704: 2665: 2661: 2624: 2620: 2605:. Retrieved 2577: 2573: 2534: 2530: 2515:. Retrieved 2485: 2481: 2466:. Retrieved 2434: 2430: 2412:cite journal 2401:. Retrieved 2388: 2384: 2351: 2347: 2308: 2304: 2289:. Retrieved 2261: 2257: 2242:. Retrieved 2214: 2210: 2195:. Retrieved 2173: 2169: 2154:. Retrieved 2134: 2130: 2115:. Retrieved 2096:(5): 62–70. 2093: 2089: 2074:. Retrieved 2059: 2046:. Retrieved 2018: 2014: 1999:. Retrieved 1977: 1973: 1951:. Retrieved 1945: 1934: 1914: 1895: 1876: 1858:. Retrieved 1835:. Retrieved 1810:. Retrieved 1783:Bibliography 1769: 1758: 1746: 1737: 1732:, p. 32 1725: 1720:, p. 98 1713: 1699: 1685: 1673: 1668:, p. 96 1661: 1637:(2): 35–55. 1634: 1630: 1620: 1585: 1581: 1571: 1559: 1547: 1535: 1524:. Retrieved 1519: 1510: 1499: 1485: 1474: 1463: 1449: 1422: 1410: 1405:, p. 83 1398: 1393:, p. 79 1378:, p. 40 1371: 1366:, p. 35 1359: 1354:, p. 34 1347: 1342:, p. 41 1335: 1329:Meagher 2021 1324: 1313: 1302: 1291: 1286:, p. 32 1264: 1259:, p. 31 1252: 1247:, p. 36 1240: 1235:, p. 27 1212: 1203: 1192: 1181: 1176:, p. 36 1169: 1163:Lockett 2021 1158: 1147: 1136: 1118: 1097: 1084: 1076: 1067: 1037: 1025: 1013: 1001: 990: 982: 973: 962: 951: 940: 935:, p. 30 918:, p. 93 911: 899: 894:, p. 29 887: 876: 870:Wouters 1999 865: 854: 849:, p. 14 842: 831: 820: 809: 798: 762: 730: 723: 718: 712: 705: 700: 696: 686: 668: 662: 660: 657:Preservation 647: 643: 627: 623: 621: 615: 600: 597: 566: 560: 557: 546: 544: 536: 530: 528: 519: 513: 511: 506: 482: 477: 462: 458: 448: 445: 435: 433: 422:Distribution 319: 311: 309: 303: 297: 285: 260: 258: 242: 237: 230: 225: 206: 185: 179: 175: 171: 167: 165: 160: 151: 146: 139: 137: 132: 122: 115: 90: 87:open science 84: 48: 43: 39: 35: 31: 27: 26: 4807:Peer review 4687:#ICanHazPDF 4665:Open access 4624:Eigenfactor 4568:Proceedings 4478:White paper 4323:Open Source 4267:OpenWetWare 4204:Peter Sunde 4199:Peter Suber 4052:Open patent 4016:Open gaming 3894:Peer review 3741:Open source 3646:Open source 3532:New Zealand 3527:Netherlands 3380: [ 3169:Open access 3033:cOAlition S 2741:Commonplace 1915:Open Access 1776:, p. 1 1680:, p. 3 1522:(in German) 1071:Aaron Tay, 1042:Gowers 2012 906:, p. 7 859:Bellis 2009 836:Martin 2019 793:, p. 2 708:cOAlition-S 693:Recognition 525:Disciplines 402:'s journal. 385:peer review 324:cOAlition S 245:Marie Farge 220:Peter Suber 140:big science 95:cOAlition S 51:open access 4935:Categories 4723:Retraction 4696:Versioning 4589:Altmetrics 4534:Biological 3943:Journalism 3925:Admissions 3920:University 3460:By country 3322:Strategies 3271:Statements 3242:Manuscript 3129:2021-07-11 3110:2021-10-23 3095:2021-07-11 3076:2021-10-20 3057:2020-06-17 3038:2021-10-23 3019:2021-07-10 2982:2020-06-17 2956:2020-02-21 2939:2021-07-11 2922:Conference 2913:2021-07-11 2872:2021-07-11 2831:2021-01-12 2788:Prometheus 2774:2021-07-11 2607:2021-10-23 2517:2021-07-11 2468:2021-10-20 2403:2021-07-11 2361:2008.11933 2291:2021-10-20 2244:2021-10-21 2197:2021-02-09 2156:2021-07-11 2117:2021-01-12 2076:2021-02-28 2048:2020-06-17 2001:2021-07-11 1953:2018-09-09 1860:2022-04-02 1849:(Report). 1837:2021-10-23 1824:(Report). 1812:2021-07-10 1799:(Report). 1595:2306.13080 1526:2022-09-24 967:Suber 2012 904:Moore 2020 892:Suber 2012 774:2404.01985 741:References 651:monographs 598:OA Diamond 227:Tom Wilson 123:Until the 89:, and the 70:, such as 4708:Postprint 4551:Monograph 4503:Lab notes 4262:OpenCores 4225:movements 4162:Activists 3903:Education 3701:practices 3616:Open data 3467:Australia 3252:Postprint 2908:233593264 2867:2197-6775 2826:219732359 2818:0810-9028 2769:234740475 2727:2048-7754 2684:1741-4857 2649:159267010 2641:2330-1643 2602:234074207 2594:1467-7660 2561:164859715 2553:0361-526X 2512:159112994 2504:2398-4112 2463:1744-2567 2327:2048-7754 2286:220287222 2278:0098-7913 2231:0961-0006 2192:1726-670X 2151:2428-2111 2137:(3): 19. 2112:0048-8003 2035:0266-6669 1996:233452312 1653:2597-0593 1612:1573-1871 1318:Raju 2017 415:SciFinder 355:criteria. 286:In 2013, 4781:OpenAlex 4776:Paperity 4703:Preprint 4539:Chemical 4493:Pamphlet 4438:Abstract 4398:Journals 4288:Licenses 4009:Robotics 3979:Products 3792:Research 3746:Openness 3547:Portugal 3406:OpenAIRE 3383:Wikidata 3247:Preprint 3194:Concepts 3185:Timeline 3002:(Billet) 2705:Insights 2692:70134960 2431:SCRIPTed 2335:86623783 2311:(1): 5. 2305:Insights 2239:34955879 2043:63645043 1949:(Thesis) 605:freemium 400:Elsevier 178:and the 172:Surfaces 4797:Imprint 4718:Erratum 4682:Sci-Hub 4629:h-index 4556:Chapter 4272:Sci-Hub 3988:(FOSS) 3842:Content 3756:Sharism 3728:versus 3572:Ukraine 3507:Hungary 3497:Germany 3487:Denmark 3477:Belgium 3472:Austria 3451:Sci-Hub 3222:Paywall 3204:versus 3180:History 1582:Minerva 1455:"Lodel" 671:CLOCKSS 574:AmeliCA 570:Redalyc 497:Redalyc 318:or the 300:commons 64:Redalyc 4766:Scopus 4746:AMiner 4529:Patent 4519:Thesis 4426:Papers 4232:DIYbio 3802:Plan S 3782:Access 3726:Gratis 3567:Sweden 3552:Russia 3542:Poland 3537:Norway 3502:Greece 3492:France 3482:Canada 3426:Plan S 3202:Gratis 2906: 2865: 2824: 2816: 2767: 2725: 2690: 2682: 2647: 2639: 2600: 2592: 2559: 2551: 2510: 2502: 2488:: 23. 2461: 2333: 2325: 2284: 2276: 2237: 2229: 2190: 2149: 2110: 2067: 2041: 2033: 1994: 1921: 1902: 1883: 1753:, 2021 1651: 1610: 1079:, 2021 726:UNESCO 683:PKP-PN 681:, and 677:, the 673:, the 601:Survey 578:ScIELO 501:Scielo 489:Europe 407:Scopus 353:Plan S 336:Scopus 215:Harnad 174:, the 76:Scopus 60:SciELO 4868:Lists 4837:ORCID 4498:Essay 4433:Paper 4281:Tools 4153:SPARC 3867:Media 3730:libre 3581:Other 3562:Spain 3522:Italy 3512:India 3386:] 3206:libre 2904:S2CID 2892:(1). 2851:(4). 2822:S2CID 2765:S2CID 2688:S2CID 2645:S2CID 2598:S2CID 2557:S2CID 2508:S2CID 2391:(1). 2356:arXiv 2331:S2CID 2282:S2CID 2235:S2CID 2039:S2CID 1992:S2CID 1980:(1). 1590:arXiv 769:arXiv 499:, or 288:Fuchs 4756:CORE 4751:BASE 4546:Book 4318:Open 4148:PLOS 3957:and 3847:Data 3690:and 3293:DORA 2863:ISSN 2814:ISSN 2723:ISSN 2680:ISSN 2637:ISSN 2590:ISSN 2549:ISSN 2500:ISSN 2459:ISSN 2418:link 2323:ISSN 2274:ISSN 2227:ISSN 2188:ISSN 2147:ISSN 2108:ISSN 2094:62–4 2065:ISBN 2031:ISSN 1919:ISBN 1900:ISBN 1881:ISBN 1649:ISSN 1608:ISSN 539:STEM 512:The 454:APCs 434:The 413:and 394:etc. 371:HTML 332:DOAJ 259:The 74:and 62:and 4298:GPL 3010:doi 2894:doi 2853:doi 2804:hdl 2796:doi 2755:hdl 2745:doi 2713:doi 2670:doi 2629:doi 2582:doi 2539:doi 2490:doi 2449:hdl 2439:doi 2393:doi 2366:doi 2313:doi 2266:doi 2219:doi 2178:doi 2139:doi 2098:doi 2023:doi 1982:doi 1851:doi 1826:doi 1801:doi 1639:doi 1600:doi 1124:doi 607:). 592:'s 590:PKP 375:pdf 369:or 367:XML 360:DOI 338:or 4937:: 3121:. 3088:. 3068:. 3050:. 3031:. 3008:. 3004:. 2902:. 2890:16 2888:. 2884:. 2861:. 2847:. 2843:. 2820:. 2812:. 2802:. 2792:35 2790:. 2786:. 2763:. 2753:. 2743:. 2739:. 2721:. 2709:27 2707:. 2703:. 2686:. 2678:. 2666:31 2664:. 2660:. 2643:. 2635:. 2625:71 2623:. 2619:. 2596:. 2588:. 2578:52 2576:. 2572:. 2555:. 2547:. 2535:76 2533:. 2529:. 2506:. 2498:. 2484:. 2480:. 2457:. 2447:. 2433:. 2429:. 2414:}} 2410:{{ 2389:16 2387:. 2383:. 2364:. 2352:72 2350:. 2346:. 2329:. 2321:. 2309:32 2307:. 2303:. 2280:. 2272:. 2262:30 2260:. 2256:. 2233:. 2225:. 2215:51 2213:. 2209:. 2186:. 2174:11 2172:. 2168:. 2145:. 2135:53 2133:. 2129:. 2106:. 2092:. 2088:. 2037:. 2029:. 2019:31 2017:. 2013:. 1990:. 1978:16 1976:. 1972:. 1647:. 1633:. 1629:. 1606:. 1598:. 1586:62 1584:. 1580:. 1518:. 1434:^ 1383:^ 1276:^ 1223:^ 1211:. 1108:^ 1075:, 1048:^ 923:^ 783:^ 748:^ 580:, 576:, 572:, 409:, 377:). 170:, 38:, 34:, 4860:" 4856:" 4383:e 4376:t 4369:v 3680:e 3673:t 3666:v 3161:e 3154:t 3147:v 3132:. 3113:. 3098:. 3079:. 3060:. 3041:. 3022:. 3012:: 2985:. 2959:. 2942:. 2916:. 2896:: 2875:. 2855:: 2849:9 2834:. 2806:: 2798:: 2777:. 2757:: 2747:: 2729:. 2715:: 2694:. 2672:: 2651:. 2631:: 2610:. 2584:: 2563:. 2541:: 2520:. 2492:: 2486:3 2471:. 2451:: 2441:: 2435:9 2420:) 2406:. 2395:: 2374:. 2368:: 2358:: 2337:. 2315:: 2294:. 2268:: 2247:. 2221:: 2200:. 2180:: 2159:. 2141:: 2120:. 2100:: 2079:. 2051:. 2025:: 2004:. 1984:: 1956:. 1927:. 1908:. 1889:. 1863:. 1853:: 1840:. 1828:: 1815:. 1803:: 1707:. 1693:. 1655:. 1641:: 1635:4 1614:. 1602:: 1592:: 1529:. 1493:. 1130:. 1126:: 777:. 771:: 417:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.