1945:
6445:
housing is inadequate, health is poor, educational opportunities are insufficient, and there are high infant mortality rates along with low life expectancy. ... In addition to the attributes associated with a low standard of living, several other characteristics are common to the Global South. One is the high rate of population growth and a consequent high dependency burden — that is, the responsibility for dependents, largely young children. In many countries almost half the population is under fifteen years old. This population composition represents not only a significant responsibility, but in the immediate future, it creates demands on services for schools, transport, new jobs, and related infrastructure. If a nation's gross national income (GNI) is growing at 2 percent a year and its population is growing at that rate too, then any gains are wiped out.
1997:
1523:
33:
79:
477:
768:
2830:
4797:
5299:
3679:
4381:
6207:
5977:
4771:
3627:
3601:
2093:
3033:
3692:
6277:
5135:
5260:
2370:
3744:
3471:
5743:
4745:
1172:
4329:
4082:
12398:
4875:
5044:
3302:
1600:
1311:
5799:
3809:
4628:
2385:
1071:
This term includes 135 low- or middle-income countries, covering 84% of the global population, and is criticized for its imprecision. Historical and empirical evidence, like the varied infant mortality rates across these nations, underscores the flaws in a uniform classification. Alternatives such as regional or income-based categories (low-income to high-income) are advocated for, as they align better with the specific contexts of countries, supporting more effective policy formulation.
6042:
4667:
4550:
736:
5018:
1978:(FGM) is another form of violence against women which is still occurring in many developing countries. It is found mostly in Africa, and to a lesser extent in the Middle East and some other parts of Asia. Developing countries with the highest rate of women who have been cut are Somalia (with 98% of women affected), Guinea (96%), Djibouti (93%), Egypt (91%), Eritrea (89%), Mali (89%), Sierra Leone (88%), Sudan (88%), Gambia (76%), Burkina Faso (76%), and Ethiopia (74%). Due to
1566:, meaning a system in which less-developed countries are taken advantage of by developed countries. It does not necessarily mean that former colonies are still controlled by their former colonizer; it refers to colonial-like exploitation. Developing countries are often helping further develop rich countries, rather than being developed themselves. Several institutions have been established with the goal of putting an end to this system. One of these institutions is the
5312:
3965:
6221:
6055:
5083:
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3536:
5286:
4914:
4758:
3796:
3666:
3354:
3250:
5935:
5729:
5161:
4979:
4849:
4420:
4342:
4186:
4121:
3757:
3705:
3588:
3380:
3341:
5907:
4446:
4264:
3887:
5859:
4927:
4602:
4511:
6107:
6003:
5715:
5687:
5187:
4355:
4043:
3939:
3315:
2893:, and economic stress. A report by the Climate Vulnerability Monitor in 2012 estimated that climate change causes 400,000 deaths on average each year, mainly due to hunger and communicable diseases in developing countries. These effects are most severe for the world's poorest countries. Internationally there is recognition of the mismatch between those that have caused climate change and those which will suffer the most from climate change, termed "
3393:
1067:, emphasizes that the binary labeling of countries is "neither descriptive nor explanatory". Wackernagel identifies these binary terms of "developing" vs. "developed" countries, or "North" vs. "South", as "a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish." Wackernagel and Rosling both argue that in reality, there are not two types of countries, but over 200 countries, all faced with the same laws of nature, yet each with unique features.
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5701:
5096:
5070:
4836:
4173:
4108:
3978:
3510:
3419:
11882:
6029:
5226:
5109:
4732:
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2882:. In the cases where developing countries produce only small quantities of greenhouse gas emissions per capita but are very vulnerable to the negative effects of global warming, the term "forced riders" as opposed to the "free riders" has been used as a descriptor. Such countries include Comoros, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.
2436:" proposed by Chinese leader Xi Jinping in 2005 signifies China's determination in amending environmental burdens created during industrialization while shifting to more sustainable modes of development and adopting high-end industries. Water bodies around the country are much cleaner than a decade ago and steadily approaching natural levels in pollutants.
2295:
2432:, a sizable fraction of high-pollution industries have been gradually phased out and many illegally polluting factories were sanctioned or closed. A considerable amount of effort went to enforce environmental regulations at regional levels and holding persons of malpractice accountable, including officials and firm managers. The slogan "
1461:". This terminology provided a way of broadly categorizing the nations of the Earth into three groups based on political divisions. Due to the complex history of evolving meanings and contexts, there is no clear or agreed-upon definition of the Third World. Strictly speaking, "Third World" was a political, rather than economic, grouping.
1101:(WDI), the World Bank made a decision to no longer distinguish between "developed" and "developing" countries in the presentation of its data, considering the two-category distinction outdated. Accordingly, World Bank is phasing out use of that descriptor. Instead, the reports by Worldbank (such as the WDI and the
6326:
Mass media has also played a role in what information the people in developing countries receive. The news often covers developed countries and creates an imbalance of information flow. The people in developing countries do not often receive coverage of the other developing countries but instead gets
3184:. The economies of many developing nations are tried to primary products and a majority of their exports go to advanced nations. When advanced nations encounter economic downturns, they can quickly transmit to their developing country trading partners as seen in global economic downturn of 2008–2009.
6502:
In much debate on cities in the Global South, infrastructure is synonymous with breakdown, failure, interruption, and improvisation. The categorization of poorer cities through a lens of developmentalism has often meant that they are constructed as "problem." These are cities, as
Anjaria has argued,
617:
classified countries as advanced, emerging, or developing, depending on "(1) per capita income level, (2) export diversification—so oil exporters that have high per capita GDP would not make the advanced classification because around 70% of its exports are oil, and (3) degree of integration into the
3151:
Other common challenges include: Increased and intensified industrial and agricultural production and emission of toxic chemicals directly into the soil, air, and water, unsustainable use of energy resources; high dependency on natural resources for livelihood, leading to unsustainable exploitation
2162:
of children is the cause for more than 200 million children under five years of age in developing countries not reaching their developmental potential. About 165 million children were estimated to have stunted growth from malnutrition in 2013. In some developing countries, overnutrition in the
6525:
In many global south cities, for example, access to networked infrastructures has always been highly fragmented, highly unreliable and problematic, even for relatively wealthy or powerful groups and neighbourhoods. In contemporary Mumbai, for example, many upper-middle-class residents have to deal
8443:
This article aims to appraise the unevenness of logistics development throughout the world, by comparing city logistics (notion that we define) between developing countries (or Global South countries) (where 'modern' and 'traditional' models often coexist) and developed countries (or Global North
2275:
instead of using toilets in 2016. Seventy-six percent (678 million) of the 892 million people practicing open defecation in the world live in just seven countries. Countries with a high number of people openly defecating are India (348 million), followed by
Nigeria (38.1 million), Indonesia (26.4
1070:
The term "developing" refers to a current situation and not a changing dynamic or expected direction of development. Additionally, the term "developing world" is increasingly seen as outdated, suggesting a hierarchy and not accurately reflecting the diverse realities of the encompassed countries.
516:
The three groups that are not "high income" are together referred to as "low and middle income countries" (LMICs). For example, for the 2022 fiscal year, a low income country is defined as one with a GNI per capita less than 1,045 in current US$ ; a lower middle-income country is one with GNI per
2797:
Globally, 4.3 million deaths were attributed to exposure to IAP in developing countries in 2012, almost all in low and middle income countries. The South East Asian and
Western Pacific regions bear most of the burden with 1.69 and 1.62 million deaths, respectively. Almost 600,000 deaths occur in
2998:
in 2018 estimated that around 143 million people in three regions (Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin
America) could be forced to move within their own countries to escape the slow-onset impacts of climate change. They will migrate from less viable areas with lower water availability and
1058:
has argued against the terms, calling the concept "outdated" since the terms are used under the prerequisite that the world is divided in rich and poor countries, while the fact is that the vast majority of countries are middle-income. Given the lack of a clear definition, sustainability expert
6444:
among the countries of the Global South, there are also some common characteristics. First and foremost is a continuing struggle for secure livelihoods amidst conditions of serious poverty for a large number of people in these nations. For many, incomes are low, access to resources is limited,
8311:
The developing economies broadly comprise Africa, Latin
America and the Caribbean, Asia without Israel, Japan, and the Republic of Korea, and Oceania without Australia and New Zealand. The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe, Israel, Japan, the Republic of Korea,
2439:
In 2021, China introduced the "coal to gas" policy as one of many policies directed towards achieving peak carbon emissions in 2060. Coal combustion in homes, power stations and production industries constitutes 60% of total energy consumption in China and is the main source of water and air
684:
Multi-dimensional clustering system: with the understanding that different countries have different development priorities and levels of access to resources and institutional capacities and to offer a more nuanced understanding of developing countries and their characteristics, scholars have
6467:
Poverty, lower life expectancies, illiteracy, lack of basic health amenities, and high population growth rates meant that national priorities in these countries were firmly oriented toward economic and social objectives.The global "South," as these nations came to be known, considered their
694:
In general, the WTO accepts any country's claim of itself being "developing". Certain countries that have become "developed" in the last 20 years by almost all economic metrics, still insist to be classified as "developing country", as it entitles them to a preferential treatment at the
1929:
In some cities, especially in countries in
Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, slums are not just marginalized neighborhoods holding a small population; slums are widespread, and are home to a large part of urban population. These are sometimes called "slum cities".
3212:
under Target 8.a.1 Increase aid for trade is an initiative to help developing countries practice trade and benefit. Aid for trade is to assist developing countries in trade related programmes, prioritize trade and trade capacity, improve trade performance and reduce
2904:"When we think about livelihoods at risk from climate change impacts, we know that people living in developing countries, and especially the least-developed countries and small island states, often have the least financial resources to adapt," says Nancy Saich, the
201:. In 2015, the World Bank declared that the "developing/developed world categorization" had become less relevant and that they will phase out the use of that descriptor. Instead, their reports will present data aggregations for regions and income groups. The term "
1869:(based on instability of agricultural production, instability of exports of goods and services, economic importance of non-traditional activities, merchandise export concentration, handicap of economic smallness, and the percentage of population displaced by
6548:
The global south remains very poor relative to the north, and many countries continue to lack critical infrastructure and social services in health and education. Also, a great deal of political instability and violence inhibits many nations in the global
2801:
Finding an affordable solution to address the many effects of indoor air pollution is complex. Strategies include improving combustion, reducing smoke exposure, improving safety and reducing labor, reducing fuel costs, and addressing sustainability.
10411:
1495:. The inhabitants of developing countries were introduced to democratic systems later and more abruptly than their Northern counterparts and were sometimes targeted by governmental and non-governmental efforts to encourage participation. 'Effective
1944:
467:
There are several terms used to classify countries into rough levels of development. Classification of any given country differs across sources, and sometimes, these classifications or the specific terminology used is considered disparaging.
7219:
517:
capita between 1,046 and 4,095 in current US$ ; an upper middle-income country is one with GNI per capita between 4,096 and 12,695 in current US$ , and a high income country is one with GNI per capita of more than 12,696 in current US$ .
5899:
Three economies lack data before being listed as advanced economies. However, because of the lack of data, it is difficult to judge whether they were advanced economies or developing economies before being listed as advanced economies.
2406:
at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It has been suggested that water pollution is the leading worldwide cause of death and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.
8360:
Note: North refers to developed economies, South to developing economies; trade is measured from the export side; deliveries to ship stores and bunkers as well as minor and special-category exports with unspecified destination are not
6526:
with water or power supplies which operate for only a few hours per day. Their efforts to move into gated communities are often motivated as much by their desires for continuous power and water supplies as by hopes for better security.
1513:
debates, seen as a corrective to the traditional focus on developed countries. Some political scientists identify a 'typology of nationalizing, developmental, and neoliberal migration management regimes' across developing countries.
1096:
declared that the "developing / developed world categorization" had become less relevant, due to worldwide improvements in indices such as child mortality rates, fertility rates and extreme poverty rates. In the 2016 edition of its
2860:
Although 79% of carbon emissions are produced by developed countries, and developing countries have not been the major cause of climate change, they are the most at risk from the effects of these changes and may face challenges in
10033:
6468:
development priorities to be imperative; they wanted to "catch up" with the richer nations.They also asserted that the responsibility of protecting the environment was primarily on the shoulders of the richer "Northern" nations
9747:
Russel S. The economic burden of illness for households in developing countries: a review of studies focusing on malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg
9627:
Grantham-McGregor, Sally et al., the
International Child Development Steering Group. "Developmental Potential in the First 5 Years for Children in Developing Countries." Lancet 369.9555 (2007): 60–70. PMC. Web. 28 November
2348:
by providing the energy needed for creating businesses and employment. Renewable energy technologies can also make indirect contributions to alleviating poverty by providing energy for cooking, space heating, and lighting.
10485:
2047:
shows that men who witnessed their fathers against their mothers, and men who experienced some form of violence as children, more likely have reported perpetrating intimate partner violence in their adult relationships.
2319:) for home energy requirements. This lack of access to modern energy technology limits income generation, blunts efforts to escape poverty, affects people's health due to indoor air pollution, and contributes to global
9638:
Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S, Webb P, Lartey A, Black RE (August 2013). "Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?".
1986:
8791:
2865:
due to the intersecting issues of high climate vulnerability, low economic status, restricted access to technology, failing infrastructure and limited access to financial resources. Where a country is particularly
2072:
are typically substantially higher in those countries. Developing countries also have less access to medical health services generally, and are less likely to have the resources to purchase, produce and administer
2794:, as their domestic cooking fuel. Because much of the cooking is carried out indoors in environments that lack proper ventilation, millions of people, primarily poor women and children face serious health risks.
7791:
1570:. They have a 'no-strings-attached' policy that promotes developing countries remaining or becoming self-sufficient. More specifically, they advocate sovereignty over natural resources and industrialization.
1550:
and economic stimulation. Many relied on foreign investment. This funding focused on improving infrastructure and industry, but led to a system of systemic exploitation. They exported raw materials, such as
11659:
8564:
7889:
12365:
9166:
1151:" began to be used more widely since about 2004. It can also include poorer "southern" regions of wealthy "northern" countries. The Global South refers to these countries' "interconnected histories of
12370:
7211:
10673:
6787:
2264:(WHO) estimated that "1 in 3 people, or 2.4 billion, are still without sanitation facilities" while 663 million people still lack access to safe and clean drinking water. The estimate in 2017 by
2056:
The status of healthcare that the general public can access is substantially different between developing countries and developed countries. People in developing countries usually have a lower
3126:
are common problems. To fully reach the goal of a low level of corruption, developing countries are usually using special steps for different establishments inside their territories, such as:
7123:
1948:
A formation of human chain at India Gate by the women from different walks of life at the launch of a
National Campaign on prevention of violence against women, in New Delhi on 2 October 2009
10772:
Rigaud, Kanta Kumari; de
Sherbinin, Alex; Jones, Bryan; Bergmann, Jonas; Clement, Viviane; Ober, Kayly; Schewe, Jacob; Adamo, Susana; McCusker, Brent; Heuser, Silke; Midgley, Amelia. 2018.
3010:
In spite of the cumulative stressors and challenges faced by developing countries in adapting to the effects of climate change, there are those that are world leaders in the field such as
685:
categorized them into five distinct groups based on factors such as levels of poverty and inequality, productivity and innovation, political constraints and dependence on external flows.
11756:
10513:
10044:
1982:
and immigration, FGM is spreading beyond the borders of Africa, Asia and the Middle East, and to countries such as
Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, New Zealand, the U.S., and UK.
1270:, as many of the Global South's countries are geographically located in the former and, similarly, a number of the Global North's countries are geographically located in the latter.
3027:
7485:
6987:
Freeman, Toby; Gesesew, Hailay Abrha; Bambra, Clare; Giugliani, Elsa Regina Justo; Popay, Jennie; Sanders, David; Macinko, James; Musolino, Connie; Baum, Fran (10 November 2020).
5956:" classification. They are countries whose economies have not yet reached a developed country's status but have, in a macroeconomic sense, outpaced their developing counterparts:
12334:
12296:
10970:
10482:
899:
from a blueprint developed by all of the world's countries and leading development institutions, in order to evaluate growth. These goals ended in 2015, to be superseded by the
937:
Another important indicator is the sectoral changes that have occurred since the stage of development of the country. On an average, countries with a 50% contribution from the
10247:
1896:. In 2012, the proportion of urban population living in slums was highest in Sub-Saharan Africa (62%), followed by South Asia (35%), Southeast Asia (31%) and East Asia (28%).
208:
Developing countries tend to have some characteristics in common often due to their histories or geographies. For example, they commonly have: lower levels of access to safe
12760:
12028:
11000:
10948:
150:(HDI) relative to other countries. However, this definition is not universally agreed upon. There is also no clear agreement on which countries fit this category. The terms
10707:
8783:
1089:
for the poorest nations – which can, in no sense, be regarded as developing. This highlights that the standard of living across the entire developing world varies greatly.
6614:
7929:
10744:
8894:
1830:, global health governance, health, and prevention needs. This is contrasted by issues developed nations tend to address, such as innovations in science and technology.
1559:
have often used the cheaper labor in developing countries for production. The West benefited significantly from this system, but left developing countries undeveloped.
12068:
9420:
9363:
2265:
1074:
Since the late 1990s, countries identified by the UN as developing countries tended to demonstrate higher growth rates than those in the developed countries category.
12837:
12284:
11914:
7455:
9855:
7781:
3224:
which advocates for international investment and support to achieve innovative technological development, access to market, and fair trade for developing countries.
3130:
Development or creation of a fair public administration system that is not partially based on corruption and is entirely based on the values and laws of the country
1036:
One of the early criticisms that questioned the use of the terms "developing" and "underdeveloped" countries was voiced in 1973 by prominent historian and academic
11651:
11231:
11126:
8890:
9457:
2170:
The following list shows the further significant environmentally-related causes or conditions, as well as certain diseases with a strong environmental component:
9034:
8554:
7881:
1809:
906:
The concept of the developing nation is found, under one term or another, in numerous theoretical systems having diverse orientations – for example, theories of
12241:
9174:
6700:
1280:. The Global South classification, as used by governmental and developmental organizations, was first introduced as a more open and value-free alternative to “
1159:, and differential economic and social change through which large inequalities in living standards, life expectancy, and access to resources are maintained".
12912:
12155:
11027:
10437:
5672:
European Union countries (except for Czech Republic), were historically considered developing countries and regions until the 1990s, and are now listed as
895:(HDI), a compound indicator of some of the above statistics, to gauge the level of human development for countries where data is available. The UN had set
2410:
India and China are two countries with high levels of water pollution: An estimated 580 people in India die of water pollution related illness (including
1926:. For example, as populations expand in poorer countries, rural people move to cities in extensive urban migration that results in the creation of slums.
879:. There is an association between low income and high population growth. The development of a country is measured with statistical indices such as income
10670:
2286:
established by the UN in 2015. It calls for clean water and sanitation for all people. This is particularly relevant for people in developing countries.
871:
Development can be measured by economic or human factors. Developing countries are, in general, countries that have not achieved a significant degree of
8757:
6779:
12790:
12780:
12175:
12080:
12023:
10626:
1113:
The term low and middle-income country (LMIC) is often used interchangeably with "developing country" but refers only to the economy of the countries.
10992:
9758:
9682:
2984:
10064:
7107:
1284:”, and likewise potentially “valuing” terms such as developed and developing. Countries of the Global South have also been described as being newly
12967:
12937:
12246:
12212:
8990:
8621:
Heller, Patrick (October 2012). "Democracy, Participatory Politics and Development: Some Comparative Lessons from Brazil, India and South Africa".
6989:"Why do some countries do better or worse in life expectancy relative to income? An analysis of Brazil, Ethiopia, and the United States of America"
2426:
10007:
1506:
as: "closing gap between formal legal rights in the civil and political arena, and the actual capability to meaningfully practice those rights".
12063:
6579:
6361:
2928:. Rising sea levels cost 1% of GDP to the least developed countries in 2010 – 4% in the Pacific – with 65 billion dollars annually lost from the
10466:
7252:
8352:
11406:
9788:
2440:
pollution. It is speculated that pollution sources will be progressively eliminated as China reaches the upper tiers of developing countries.
2150:
is more common in developing countries. Certain groups have higher rates of undernutrition, including women – in particular while pregnant or
12775:
12339:
12105:
12035:
11907:
11723:
11688:
11532:
11473:
11438:
11321:
2961:
2941:
1899:
The UN-Habitat reports that 43% of urban population in developing countries and 78% of those in the least developed countries live in slums.
11748:
11374:
10505:
9922:
12279:
12274:
10142:
3169:
2268:
states that 4.5 billion people currently do not have safely managed sanitation. The majority of these people live in developing countries.
11799:
11596:
11564:
10628:
International Adaptation Finance: The Need for an Innovative and Strategic Approach 4 (Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, Working Paper)
10116:
9958:
1845:
per capita averaged over three years. For example, if the GNI per capita is less than US$ 1,025 (as of 2018) the country is regarded as a
12344:
7477:
2337:
can be particularly suitable for developing countries. In rural and remote areas, transmission and distribution of energy generated from
1802:
1768:
9985:
9196:
8843:
Ager, Alastair; Yu, Gary; Hermosilla, Sabrina (September 2012). "Mapping the key issues shaping the landscape of global public health".
8586:
Palat, Ravi Arvind (April 2010). "World Turned Upside Down? Rise of the global South and the contemporary global financial turbulence".
6813:
12148:
12125:
12120:
11205:
10090:
9017:
3196:
Trade Policy: Countries with more restrictive policies have not grown as fast as countries with open and less distorted trade policies.
2775:
2211:
1889:
753:
744:
11629:
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12115:
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10611:
9083:
8073:
6722:
6720:
6718:
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3018:(the first country to do so). It established a fund to support these plans, spending on average $ 1 billion annually in this regard.
2838:
2549:
2060:
than people in developed countries, reflecting both lower income levels and poorer public health. The burden of infectious diseases,
1677:
1013:
There is criticism for using the term "developing country". The term could imply inferiority of this kind of country compared with a
518:
402:
than people in developed countries, reflecting both lower income levels and poorer public health. The burden of infectious diseases,
10776:
10240:
8417:
Nora, Mareï; Michel, Savy (January 2021). "Global South countries: The dark side of city logistics. Dualisation vs Bipolarisation".
7828:
7701:
Vázquez ST, Sumner A (December 2013). "Revisiting the Meaning of Development: A Multidimensional Taxonomy of Developing Countries".
1576:
of developing nations, like the NIEO, frequently lobby for parity in the world stage. The rise of China might imply the rise of the
11900:
2898:
2334:
2310:
1386:
12010:
11886:
10938:
10274:"The health impacts of exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuels in developing countries: knowledge, gaps, and data needs"
7620:
6715:
12718:
10700:
10581:
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for developing countries to adapt to climate change. However, concrete pledges by developed countries have not been forthcoming.
10603:
9941:
9390:
6611:
6600:
447:
given by foreign governments and other agencies to support developing countries' economic, environmental, social, and political
12251:
12047:
9236:
9203:
8922:
7999:
7912:
3060:
2945:
2421:
However, after a series of reforms, China's environment began to demonstrate enormous improvements around the 2010s. Under the
1795:
1509:
Beyond citizenship, the study of the politics of cross-border mobility in developing countries has also shed valuable light in
10733:
8886:
2889:
reports of 2010 and 2012. Climate vulnerability in developing countries occurs in four impact areas: health, extreme weather,
1105:) now include data aggregations for the whole world, for regions, and for income groups – but not for the "developing world".
529:
The use of the term "market" instead of "country" usually indicates a specific focus on the characteristics of the countries'
12354:
12200:
11835:
10916:
10639:
10438:"Climate vulnerability monitor 2010: the state of the climate crisis – Documents & Publications – Professional Resources"
10405:
9067:
8821:
8665:
8500:
7594:
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7544:
7516:
6745:
6651:
6541:
6518:
6495:
6460:
6437:
6356:
3044:
Over the last few decades, global population growth has largely been driven by developing countries, which often have higher
2467:
2315:
In 2009, about 1.4 billion of people in the world lived without electricity. 2.7 billion relied on wood, charcoal, and dung (
1194:
and Global South are terms that denote a method of grouping countries based on their defining characteristics with regard to
1102:
12825:
9726:
9353:
585:(including Central European countries that still belonged to the "Eastern Europe Group" in the UN institutions); the former
12785:
12683:
12593:
2734:
2251:
17:
9410:
7447:
2994:
patterns in developing countries and beyond but is not expected to generate entirely new flows of people. A report by the
6751:
6320:
11227:
11096:
9449:
6603:
1040:
who compared the economic, social, and political parameters between the United States and countries in Africa and Asia.
13072:
12583:
12018:
9302:
9041:
8067:
7995:
2679:
8691:"The Migration State in the Global South: Nationalizing, Developmental, and Neoliberal Models of Migration Management"
6962:
12180:
12143:
10549:
10334:
10218:
9843:
9612:
8471:
8232:
8205:
8032:
7423:
1125:
are all sub-groupings of developing countries. Countries on the other end of the spectrum are usually referred to as
186:
are all sub-groupings of developing countries. Countries on the other end of the spectrum are usually referred to as
8392:
6692:
13102:
13062:
12770:
12750:
12165:
12160:
11283:
11257:
9844:"People practicing open defecation (% of population) – Indonesia, Nigeria, Niger, Ethiopia, Sudan, India, Pakistan"
6631:
5304:
4776:
3684:
2433:
2013:
1567:
11503:
11023:
6311:
and other negative imagery. This common coverage has created a dominant stereotype of developing countries: "the '
13057:
12588:
12483:
12473:
12170:
11942:
11851:
11070:
8518:
6319:
and political backwardness, measured against Western values and standards." Mass media's role often compares the
3221:
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1207:
1118:
669:
652:
179:
10441:
9766:
7858:
13097:
12972:
12765:
12058:
11957:
11175:
9416:
8373:
8141:
8095:
6412:
4386:
3209:
3136:
Publicly informing the residents about the source of corruption and negative influence on the country's economy
2879:
2654:
2559:
2484:
2279:
1262:
and Europe, Israel, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. As such, the two terms do not refer to the
1126:
1122:
630:
505:
187:
183:
11870:
9479:
Peters, David H.; Garg, Anu; Bloom, Gerry; Walker, Damian G.; Brieger, William R.; Rahman, M. Hafizur (2008).
8172:
6731:
1996:
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12456:
12428:
12205:
11346:
8726:
8168:
2976:
2886:
2744:
2609:
2504:
2283:
1873:). Among other challenges, developing countries have a higher risk of suffering a balance of payments crisis.
1191:
1164:
900:
452:
10645:
6576:"World Economic and Financial Surveys World Economic Outlook Database—WEO Groups and Aggregates Information"
4802:
2331:
options, such as onsite solar power and improved cookstoves, offer rural households modern energy services.
1892:, around 33% of the urban population in the developing world in 2012, or about 863 million people, lived in
1247:
13107:
12942:
12673:
12504:
12261:
11952:
10868:
9324:
9117:
5953:
3161:
3015:
2867:
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2778:
is a major health hazard. A major source of indoor air pollution in developing countries is the burning of
2749:
2704:
2699:
2659:
2594:
2574:
2499:
1866:
1098:
896:
549:
419:
387:
at all government levels, and political instability. Unlike developed countries, developing countries lack
9939:
Energy for Development: The Potential Role of Renewable Energy in Meeting the Millennium Development Goals
9826:
9689:
7212:"Latest child mortality estimates reveal world remains off track to meeting Sustainable Development Goals"
2276:
million), Ethiopia (23.1 million), Pakistan (19.7 million), Niger (14.6 million) and Sudan (9.7 million).
1972:(such as violence, trafficking and forced marriage) is linked to parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania.
32:
13077:
13009:
12977:
12708:
12444:
11354:
11345:
The recognition of Taiwan is disputed; most UN-member states officially recognise the sovereignty of the
10837:
10061:
7615:
6408:
3239:
2759:
2719:
2669:
2664:
2644:
2584:
2534:
2194:
1730:
1522:
574:
418:
are expected to impact developing countries more than high-income countries, as most of them have a high
245:
68:
8983:
3133:
Better investigation towards the sources of the corruption and probable causes of that particular action
2841:(IPCC) has confirmed that warming of the climate system due to human intervention is 'unequivocal'. The
961:
The term "developing countries" has many research theories associated with it (in chronological order):
476:
12947:
12892:
12703:
10011:
3068:
2754:
2739:
2629:
2624:
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2539:
2509:
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1763:
1255:
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582:
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2940:
on fisheries. Developing countries with large fisheries sectors are particularly affected. During the
1487:. Political systems in developing countries are diverse, but most states had established some form of
12842:
12478:
11947:
11053:
Edwards, S. "Trade Orientation, Distortions and Growth In Developing Countries." (n.d.): n. pag. 1–37
10463:
9722:
9320:
Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence
7244:
6346:
3000:
2917:
2862:
2842:
2811:
2782:. Three billion people in developing countries across the globe rely on biomass in the form of wood,
2729:
2724:
2714:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2639:
2619:
2519:
2514:
2460:
2422:
2261:
2025:
1975:
1745:
1277:
1258:. Opposite to the Global South is the Global North, which the UNCTAD describes as broadly comprising
1184:
1114:
995:
974:– the notion that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and underdeveloped states to a "core" of
448:
415:
197:
There are controversies over the term's use, as some feel that it perpetuates an outdated concept of
175:
56:
9796:
8345:
7965:. Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications, London and Tanzanian Publishing House, Dar-Es-Salaam. p. 25.
7644:"From Poverty Reduction to Mutual Interests? The Debate on Differentiation in EU Development Policy"
7279:"When and Where Birth Spacing Matters for Child Survival: An International Comparison Using the DHS"
13092:
13019:
12957:
12598:
12421:
12231:
11399:
9238:
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change
6814:"Health Policy and System Research in Global South: Bridging the Gap through Citizen Participation"
3606:
3139:
Regulation of the official positions of an individual to not be the source of abuse for corruption.
2905:
2870:
they are called "highly climate vulnerable". This applies to many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa,
2815:
2798:
Africa. An earlier estimate from 2000 put the death toll between 1.5 million and 2 million deaths.
2709:
2649:
2634:
2614:
2604:
2589:
2579:
2569:
2554:
2529:
2524:
2415:
2341:
can be difficult and expensive. Producing renewable energy locally can offer a viable alternative.
1754:
1686:
1667:
1624:
1619:
1203:
1176:
1064:
1030:
767:
696:
578:
546:
Developing countries include in decreasing order of economic growth or size of the capital market:
78:
11716:
11681:
11525:
11466:
11431:
11314:
3071:
and other conflicts in the countries of the Sahel region have been exacerbated by climate change,
1483:
after the second half of the 20th century. Many were governed by an imperial European power until
13004:
12755:
12269:
11367:
10166:"Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge"
9919:
9877:
Sovacool BK (October 2012). "Energy. Deploying off-grid technology to eradicate energy poverty".
6400:
3233:
3096:
2674:
2599:
2024:) at some point in their lives. Evidence shows women who have had experienced physical or sexual
1846:
1086:
892:
638:
564:
147:
83:
10701:"The impact of climate change on the achievement of the post-2015 sustainable development goals"
10138:
6780:"The 2016 edition of World Development Indicators is out: three features you won't want to miss"
2829:
2402:
is a major problem in many developing countries. It requires ongoing evaluation and revision of
1054:
and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century. The late global health expert
12952:
12882:
12688:
12000:
11779:
11589:
11557:
10112:
9962:
9833:. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2017
7150:"Correlates of maternal mortality in developing countries: an ecological study in 82 countries"
6737:
Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About The World – And Why Things Are Better Than You Think
6643:
3476:
3080:
2925:
2921:
2009:
1953:
1939:
1657:
991:
884:
614:
198:
11148:
Verspoor A. "Pathways to Change: Improving the Quality of Education in Developing Countries".
9294:
9287:
9278:
6852:"The Intimate Link Between Income Levels and Life Expectancy: Global Evidence from 213 Years*"
6411:, UN Trade and Development classifies them as the Global South. Also, Singapore is the one of
2443:
Further details of water pollution in several countries, including many developing countries:
2190:, etc.): Illness imposes high and regressive cost burdens on families in developing countries.
13036:
12832:
12745:
12729:
12413:
12329:
12311:
12096:
11791:
10082:
9989:
9602:
9207:
9014:
8457:
8222:
8195:
6825:
6430:
Southern Exposure: International Development and the Global South in the Twenty-First Century
4750:
3697:
3119:
2403:
1965:
1842:
1672:
1591:
1239:
679:
573:
Under other criteria, some countries are at an intermediate stage of development, or, as the
485:
171:
11621:
11197:
6635:
641:
challenges: small but growing populations, limited resources, remoteness, susceptibility to
13031:
12907:
12713:
12678:
12236:
9492:
9090:
7359:
6671:
6282:
5140:
3123:
3037:
2965:
2453:
2316:
2097:
1902:
Slums form and grow in different parts of the world for many reasons. Causes include rapid
1778:
1662:
1547:
1378:
1018:
965:
950:
923:
724:
304:
296:
9197:"An exploratory study of bride price and domestic violence in Bundibugyo District, Uganda"
8057:
6919:"Life expectancy in less developed countries: socioeconomic development or public health?"
2012:, it is estimated that 35 percent of women worldwide have experienced either physical and
437:
is a global phenomenon, but population age has risen more slowly in developing countries.
8:
13087:
12740:
12653:
12301:
12291:
11865:
10773:
7820:
7560:
Waugh D (2000). "Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)".
6509:
Adey, Peter; Bissell, David; Hannam, Kevin; Merriman, Peter; Sheller, Mimi, eds. (2014).
6503:
discursively exemplified by their crowds, their dilapidated buildings, and their "slums."
6299:
Western media tends to present a generalized view of developing countries through biased
5049:
3307:
2957:
2411:
2345:
1907:
1695:
1267:
1263:
911:
646:
360:
10356:
9496:
8302:
8048:
8046:
8044:
7532:
7363:
3110:
The establishment of a healthy democratic state has often been challenged by widespread
3091:
Many developing countries are considered flawed democracies or authoritarian regimes by
12922:
12693:
12509:
11892:
11118:
10298:
10273:
10182:
10165:
9902:
9664:
9583:
9526:
9385:
9134:
8962:
8868:
8749:
8638:
8603:
8535:
8434:
8279:
8271:
8053:
8022:
7763:
7745:
7718:
7683:
7380:
7347:
7311:
7184:
7149:
7078:
7023:
6988:
6954:
6889:
6404:
4607:
3749:
3142:
Creation of special laws dedicated to the corruption itself for specific establishments
2949:
2328:
2092:
1783:
1773:
1639:
1476:
1254:, among other issues. Additionally, these countries' cities are characterized by their
1235:
1060:
981:
876:
675:
656:
423:
344:
10573:
9652:
9562:
9545:
7955:
7610:
3032:
2964:
in Bonn (COP 23): "Climate change adds further injustice to an already unfair world".
2418:
is polluted. As of 2007, half a billion Chinese had no access to safe drinking water.
2000:
Percentage of women older than 14 who have experienced violence by an intimate partner
166:) are often used interchangeably but refers only to the economy of the countries. The
12698:
12519:
12223:
11967:
11932:
11831:
11350:
11113:
11097:"Openness and Growth: A Time-series, Cross-country Analysis for Developing Countries"
10810:
10635:
10555:
10545:
10401:
10303:
10187:
9938:
9906:
9894:
9656:
9608:
9587:
9575:
9567:
9518:
9510:
9380:
9298:
9063:
8966:
8860:
8753:
8671:
8661:
8642:
8539:
8496:
8467:
8438:
8228:
8201:
8063:
8041:
8028:
7991:
7722:
7675:
7590:
7565:
7540:
7512:
7429:
7419:
7385:
7316:
7298:
7189:
7171:
7070:
7028:
7010:
6946:
6938:
6893:
6881:
6741:
6647:
6636:
6537:
6514:
6491:
6456:
6433:
5665:
3905:
3814:
3092:
3076:
2850:
2388:
2294:
2086:
2021:
1870:
1634:
1614:
1492:
1315:
1288:
or in the process of industrializing, many of them are current or former subjects of
1285:
1273:
1180:
1130:
1051:
1043:
There is "no established convention" for defining "developing country". According to
1014:
975:
971:
931:
872:
537:
509:
372:
249:
191:
143:
41:
11228:"World Economic Outlook, Database—WEO Groups and Aggregates Information, April 2023"
11122:
9789:"WHO | Lack of sanitation for 2.4 billion people is undermining health improvements"
9668:
9530:
9249:
9138:
8919:
8872:
8607:
8283:
7767:
7687:
7408:
Statistical Papers – United Nations (Ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report
6958:
2369:
1234:). Most of the Global South's countries are commonly identified as lacking in their
12615:
12390:
12306:
11108:
10802:
10734:"Part One: Chapter 2: Reducing Human Vulnerability: Helping People Help Themselves"
10464:"Developed Countries Are Responsible for 79 Percent of Historical Carbon Emissions"
10393:
10293:
10285:
10177:
9886:
9648:
9557:
9500:
9126:
8952:
8852:
8741:
8702:
8630:
8595:
8527:
8493:
Globalization: The Politics of Global Economic Relations and International Business
8426:
8261:
8133:
7921:
7782:"Memorandum on Reforming Developing-Country Status in the World Trade Organization"
7755:
7710:
7665:
7655:
7611:"Q. How does the WEO categorize advanced versus emerging and developing economies?"
7411:
7375:
7367:
7348:"Global mismatch between greenhouse gas emissions and the burden of climate change"
7306:
7290:
7179:
7161:
7115:
7062:
7018:
7000:
6930:
6871:
6863:
6341:
6151:
5673:
4633:
4334:
3072:
2069:
1740:
1715:
1710:
1259:
938:
919:
642:
634:
559:
554:
541:
434:
411:
376:
336:
308:
10908:
10890:
10604:"Climate finance is in "a terrible sense of limbo", says IIED expert Saleemul Huq"
10385:
8813:
8745:
8430:
7082:
6453:
Global Environmental Governance: Foundations of Contemporary Environmental Studies
2036:, compared to women who have not had experienced any physical or sexual violence.
1171:
12897:
12820:
12637:
12499:
12192:
11825:
10780:
10677:
10542:
Climate vulnerability monitor : a guide to the cold calculus of a hot planet
10489:
10470:
10397:
10068:
9945:
9926:
9830:
9824:
Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines
9282:
9274:
9130:
9021:
8926:
8856:
8599:
7714:
6618:
6607:
4880:
4555:
3173:
3100:
3053:
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2953:
2894:
2846:
2399:
2272:
2221:
2065:
2057:
2017:
1968:
is found in Ethiopia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. Abuse related to payment of
1923:
1915:
1852:
1648:
1629:
1510:
1199:
1156:
1008:
946:
888:
440:
407:
399:
368:
340:
288:
272:
241:
237:
139:
12397:
11795:
9714:
8531:
3238:
The following are considered emerging and developing economies according to the
12578:
12568:
12448:
12321:
10943:
9851:
7786:
7294:
7005:
6316:
5804:
5659:
3153:
2937:
2854:
2324:
2306:
2201:
2159:
2078:
2061:
1563:
1543:
1539:
1503:
1484:
1430:
1195:
907:
530:
456:
403:
300:
253:
221:
209:
72:
10506:"Australia, the US and Europe are climate 'free-riders': it's time to step up"
8675:
8137:
7166:
6934:
6735:
3234:
Emerging and developing economies according to the International Monetary Fund
1599:
1310:
1183:) is highlighted in blue and the Global South (i.e., developing countries and
13051:
12999:
12917:
12862:
12800:
12610:
11349:
over Taiwan, however, some others maintain non-diplomatic relations with the
11064:"Republic of Armenia Anti-Corruption strategy and Implementation Action Plan"
10814:
10559:
9571:
9514:
8957:
8940:
8707:
8690:
8266:
8249:
7759:
7679:
7433:
7302:
7278:
7175:
7014:
6942:
6885:
5317:
3970:
3205:
3165:
2929:
2871:
2445:
2434:
clear waters and green mountains are as valuable as gold and silver mountains
2384:
2378:
2320:
2217:
2151:
1979:
1961:
1957:
1956:
are more prevalent in developing countries than in other parts of the world.
1827:
1823:
1720:
1556:
1410:
1340:
1276:, whereas the Global South consists of the world's developing countries and
1251:
1047:
1037:
1017:. It could assume a desire to develop along the traditional Western model of
942:
927:
229:
10794:
9890:
9505:
9480:
9167:"Papua New Guinea: police cite bride price major factor in marital violence"
8658:
The age of migration: international population movements in the modern world
8484:
8317:
7925:
3056:
can help to slow population growth and decrease poverty in these countries.
735:
459:
for the year 2030 are achieved, they would overcome many of these problems.
12932:
12808:
12542:
12532:
12402:
11990:
11980:
11749:"Dependency Theory: A Useful Tool for Analyzing Global Inequalities Today?"
10806:
10682:
10574:"A plan for the long haul to contribute finance to the European Green Deal"
10307:
10191:
9898:
9660:
9579:
9522:
9358:
8864:
8477:
8163:
Pagel, Heikie; Ranke, Karen; Hempel, Fabian; Köhler, Jonas (11 July 2014).
7389:
7320:
7193:
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7032:
6918:
6727:
6312:
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6060:
5088:
4906:
4867:
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3181:
3157:
2890:
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2338:
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2271:
About 892 million people or 12 percent of the global population, practiced
2260:) services is at very low levels in many developing countries. In 2015 the
2183:
2147:
2044:
1911:
1903:
1735:
1705:
1535:
1458:
1438:
1365:
1353:
1349:
1332:
1148:
1142:
1055:
891:, the rate of literacy, freedom index and others. The UN has developed the
606:
586:
489:
484:
The World Bank classifies the world's economies into four groups, based on
364:
292:
284:
280:
276:
260:
202:
10322:
10289:
10206:
8324:
8224:
The Foreign Policies of the Global South: Rethinking Conceptual Frameworks
8165:"The Use of the Concept 'Global South' in Social Science & Humanities"
7403:
6950:
12887:
12872:
12867:
12556:
12537:
12527:
12110:
11985:
11975:
10383:
10062:
China says water pollution so severe that cities could lack safe supplies
10034:"An overview of diarrhea, symptoms, diagnosis and the costs of morbidity"
9153:
Slum Cities and Cities with Slums" States of the World's Cities 2008/2009
8939:
Camba-Crespo, A.; García-Solanes, J.; Torrejón-Flores, F. (7 July 2021).
8938:
8340:
8338:
8336:
8334:
7564:(3rd ed.). Nelson Thornes Ltd. pp. 563, 576–579, 633, and 640.
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11279:
11253:
11168:"Aid for Trade – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development"
8634:
8275:
7670:
6876:
1175:
Economic classification of the world's countries and territories by the
875:
relative to their populations, and have, in most cases, a medium to low
174:
per capita: high, upper-middle, lower-middle, and low income countries.
27:
Nation with a lower living standard relative to more developed countries
13026:
13014:
12813:
12603:
11499:
11315:"IMF Advanced Economies List. World Economic Outlook, May 1998, p. 134"
11063:
8297:
8295:
8293:
7736:
Taeihagh A (2017). "Crowdsourcing, Sharing Economies and Development".
7119:
6867:
6304:
6300:
5912:
5808:
5166:
4984:
4854:
4451:
4425:
4347:
4269:
4191:
4126:
3892:
3762:
3710:
3593:
3385:
3346:
3111:
3045:
3011:
2995:
2429:
2205:
2167:
is beginning to present within the same communities as undernutrition.
1573:
1250:, inadequate housing, limited educational opportunities, and deficient
1093:
998:
is a reflection of Western-Northern hegemony over the rest of the world
880:
772:
602:
598:
594:
590:
430:
384:
348:
244:), higher proportions of people with tropical and infectious diseases (
213:
167:
10671:"Climate change will determine humanity's destiny, says Angela Merkel"
10483:"The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review Headline Messages"
10008:"World Water Day: A Billion People Worldwide Lack Safe Drinking Water"
9115:
Westra R (2011). "Renewing Socialist Development in the Third World".
8727:"Economic growth, the UN and the Global South: an unfulfilled promise"
8331:
7850:
7660:
7643:
7371:
2916:
A changing climate also results in economic burdens. The economies in
8941:"Current-account breaks and stability spells in a global perspective"
8463:
6851:
6392:
6384:
6112:
6008:
5864:
5720:
5692:
5192:
4932:
4516:
4360:
4048:
3944:
3320:
3104:
3049:
2936:: approximately 40 countries are acutely vulnerable to the impact of
1856:
1725:
1488:
1480:
1227:
1044:
720:
704:
356:
316:
233:
225:
11500:"World Bank Marks Czech Republic's Graduation to 'Developed' Status"
9381:"History has been made: female genital mutilation banned in Nigeria"
8984:"State of the World's Cities Report 2012/2013: Prosperity of Cities"
8555:"If You Shouldn't Call It The Third World, What Should You Call It?"
8377:
8290:
8121:
8062:. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers. p. 132.
7882:"If You Shouldn't Call It The Third World, What Should You Call It?"
1542:
in the 20th century, most developing countries had dire need of new
12573:
11167:
8164:
7750:
7066:
6254:
6073:
6021:
5822:
5776:
5680:. Time in brackets is the time to be listed as advanced economies.
5669:
5265:
5244:
5010:
4997:
4958:
4646:
4581:
4412:
4308:
4295:
4152:
4009:
3853:
3840:
3736:
3723:
3658:
3580:
3567:
3528:
3489:
3398:
3177:
3115:
3103:. Following decolonization and independence, elites have often had
2783:
2082:
2029:
2005:
1860:
1398:
1319:
610:
332:
324:
2968:
and climate are inextricably linked, particularly around poverty,
205:" is used by some as an alternative term to developing countries.
11881:
10618:
7992:"Millennium Development Indicators: World and regional groupings"
7050:
6850:
Jetter, Michael; Laudage, Sabine; Stadelmann, David (June 2019).
6642:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. p.
6308:
6099:
5892:
5878:
5836:
5205:
5179:
5153:
5127:
5062:
4893:
4828:
4711:
4542:
4477:
4464:
4438:
4399:
4243:
4230:
4217:
4100:
4022:
3931:
3827:
3775:
3671:
3554:
3463:
3411:
3372:
3333:
3281:
3268:
3214:
3052:
rate) than developed countries. According to the United Nations,
3028:
List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate
2933:
2779:
2374:
2179:
2175:
2164:
2074:
1838:
1700:
1454:
1243:
1223:
915:
320:
264:
217:
10741:
Managing social risks: Empower communities to protect themselves
9318:
8366:
7277:
Molitoris, Joseph; Barclay, Kieron; Kolk, Martin (3 July 2019).
2845:
will be felt around the globe and will result in events such as
1964:
is associated with the Middle East and the Indian Subcontinent.
398:
is often low. People in developing countries usually have lower
12385:
10544:. DARA, Climate Vulnerable Forum (2nd ed.). Madrid: DARA.
9823:
9245:
9232:
7509:
Globalization and the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy
6396:
6184:
6170:
6138:
6086:
6034:
5969:
5850:
5762:
5748:
5706:
5231:
5114:
5101:
5075:
4841:
4737:
4724:
4685:
4620:
4373:
4282:
4178:
4165:
4113:
3983:
3957:
3515:
3502:
3450:
3424:
3294:
2787:
1919:
1552:
1527:
1491:
by the early 21st century, with varying degrees of success and
1418:
1414:
1211:
1026:
985:
708:
700:
328:
268:
12443:
10829:
10698:
7210:
Mohsin, Nazzina; Keenan, Laura; Guo, Jing (20 December 2021).
6726:
5494:
5323:
3118:
and a low confidence and participation in democratic process.
1989:
prohibits female genital mutilation (Article 38). As of 2016,
727:
have been cited and criticized for this self-declared status.
12927:
12633:
12625:
11827:
World Development Report 2010: Development and Climate Change
9546:"Whole Inactivated Virus and Protein-Based COVID-19 Vaccines"
9406:
9060:
Spontaneous Shelter: International Perspectives and Prospects
6986:
6388:
6240:
6212:
6198:
6155:
6125:
5995:
5982:
5926:
5790:
5218:
5036:
4971:
4945:
4789:
4698:
4594:
4529:
4503:
4490:
4256:
4139:
4035:
3996:
3918:
3879:
3788:
3645:
3632:
3437:
3014:. Bangladesh created a national programme in 2009 focused on
2878:
like Afghanistan, Haiti, Myanmar, and Somalia, as well as to
2824:
2392:
1442:
1422:
1382:
1361:
1215:
716:
712:
380:
312:
10860:
10699:
Ansuategi, A; Greño, P; Houlden, V; et al. (May 2015).
10392:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 953–1028,
6778:
Fantom, Neil; Khokhar, Tariq; Purdie, Edie (15 April 2016).
5660:
Countries and regions that are graduated developed economies
1272:
More specifically, the Global North consists of the world's
645:, vulnerability to external shocks, excessive dependence on
170:
classifies the world's economies into four groups, based on
12645:
12135:
11652:"World Economic Outlook Database – Changes to the Database"
11622:"World Economic Outlook Database – Changes to the Database"
10774:
Groundswell : Preparing for Internal Climate Migration
9481:"Poverty and access to health care in developing countries"
9015:
The challenge of slums – Global report on Human Settlements
8784:"Aid in reverse: how poor countries develop rich countries"
8689:
Adamson, Fiona B.; Tsourapas, Gerasimos (24 October 2019).
7803:
6268:
5278:
5023:
4659:
4568:
4321:
4204:
4074:
4061:
3866:
3619:
3079:. Droughts and food shortages have been also linked to the
2257:
2247:
2187:
1893:
1883:
1577:
1446:
1402:
1336:
1022:
626:
Developing countries can also be categorized by geography:
414:
are typically substantially higher in those countries. The
352:
12252:
Patents, trademarks, and industrial design filing activity
10386:"Near-term Climate Change: Projections and Predictability"
9544:
Hotez, Peter J.; Bottazzi, Maria Elena (27 January 2022).
9412:
Female genital mutilation (FGM) frequently asked questions
8893:, Development Policy and Analysis Division. 4 March 2010.
7245:"In poor countries birth spacing affects infant mortality"
7051:"Infectious Diseases: Considerations for the 21st Century"
1470:
1401:
to define countries that remained non-aligned with either
968:– to explain the process of modernization within societies
12902:
10891:"How Climate Change Is Spurring Land Conflict in Nigeria"
10163:
8559:
7815:
7813:
7535:(2003). "Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor".
6508:
5677:
2857:, which are dangerous for societies and the environment.
2033:
1990:
1833:
Most developing countries have these criteria in common:
1029:, choose not to follow. Alternative measurements such as
444:
11922:
9279:"Judging other cultures: the case of genital mutilation"
8891:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
8656:
Haas, Hein de; Castles, Stephen; Miller, Mark J (2020).
7448:"New country classifications by income level: 2019–2020"
6693:"Should we continue to use the term "developing world"?"
6668:"Composition of macro geographical (continental) region"
6327:
generous amounts of coverage about developed countries.
945:) have grown substantially. Similarly, countries with a
10909:"The battle on the frontline of climate change in Mali"
10384:
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. (2014),
7470:
7106:
Declercq, Eugene; Zephyrin, Laurie (16 December 2020).
6849:
3199:
Investment: Investment has a positive effect on growth.
1960:
is associated with Southeast Asia, including Cambodia.
988:
about how desirable change in society is best achieved.
10993:"Climate change, food shortages, and conflict in Mali"
10686:, 15 November 2017 (page visited on 15 November 2017).
10663:
10323:"Indoor air pollution, health and economic well-being"
10241:"Burden of disease from Indoor Air Pollution for 2012"
10207:"Indoor air pollution, health and economic well-being"
8325:"Classifications - UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics 2023"
8162:
7810:
6630:
2833:
Surface air temperature change over the past 50 years.
10830:"Bangladesh global leader in fighting climate change"
9478:
8509:
8059:
Ecological Footprint: Managing Our Biocapacity Budget
2975:
Tackling climate change will only be possible if the
2948:
promised an annual $ 100 billion by 2020 through the
2897:". It has been a topic for discussion at some of the
2154:– children under five years of age, and the elderly.
2096:
Percentage of people with undernutrition by country,
1826:
most often discussed by developing countries include
1206:(UNCTAD), the Global South broadly comprises Africa,
730:
672:, a definition by a program of the IMF and World Bank
10861:"Hamid for active role in climate change adaptation"
10320:
10204:
9637:
9089:. United Nations Habitat Group. 2011. Archived from
8978:
8976:
8516:
Tomlinson, B.R. (2003). "What was the Third World".
7276:
2241:
752: Least developed economies out of scope of the
10535:
10533:
10531:
10083:"As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes"
9683:"Progress For Children: A Report Card On Nutrition"
9604:
World Hunger Routledge Introductions to Development
9202:. Centre for Human Rights Advancement (CEHURA) and
8459:
Urban Poverty in the Global South: Scale and Nature
8455:
8197:
Urban Poverty in the Global South: Scale and Nature
8193:
7108:"Maternal Mortality in the United States: A Primer"
6812:Alhaji, Mohammed M.; Alam, Sartaj (21 March 2019).
6777:
1993:has been legally banned in many African countries.
978:, enriching the latter at the expense of the former
462:
12791:United Nations Industrial Development Organization
12781:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
11780:"An unseen world: How the media portrays the poor"
9450:"Facts and figures: Ending violence against women"
9286:
8920:Criteria for Identification and Graduation of LDCs
8096:"Time to stop referring to the "developing world""
8014:
7507:Bożyk P (2006). "Newly Industrialized Countries".
7345:
2301:use sunlight as energy source for outdoor cooking.
1475:Many developing countries have only attained full
659:often experience economic and other disadvantages)
86:categories (based on 2022 data, published in 2024)
10481:UK Government Official Documents, February 2021,
9951:
8973:
8655:
8122:"On the structure of the present-day convergence"
8052:
5947:
2885:Climate vulnerability has been quantified in the
1922:, poor planning, politics, natural disasters and
567:(also called less economically developed country)
524:
480:A map of World Bank high-income economies in 2023
13049:
12968:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
12938:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
10795:"Bangladesh launches climate change action plan"
10539:
10528:
10390:Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis
9715:"Environment and health in developing countries"
8842:
8688:
8119:
7346:Althor G, Watson JE, Fuller RA (February 2016).
7148:Girum, Tadele; Wasie, Abebaw (7 November 2017).
7105:
3242:'s World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023.
3003:and from areas affected by rising sea level and
2327:. Small-scale renewable energy technologies and
633:(a group of developing countries that are small
12654:India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)
10634:. Oxford: Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.
9040:. Kenya: UN-Habitat. April 2007. Archived from
8220:
7984:
7209:
6730:; Rosling, Ola; Rosling Rönnlund, Anna (2018).
6432:. United States: Kumarian Press. p. 9-10.
6362:Women migrant workers from developing countries
2051:
994:– holds that the whole concept and practice of
12634:Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)
11049:
11047:
11045:
10939:"The Deadliest Conflict You've Never Heard of"
10725:
10462:Center for Global Development, 18 August 2015
9293:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.
8546:
6534:Global Catholicism in the Twenty-first Century
6427:
2475:
12776:New World Information and Communication Order
12429:
11908:
11682:"World Economic Outlook, October 2012, p.180"
9543:
7851:"United Nations Millennium Development Goals"
7700:
7500:
7154:Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology
6916:
3016:how the country would adapt to climate change
2962:2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference
2461:
2028:report higher rates of depression, having an
1803:
1033:have been suggested as important indicators.
743: Least developed economies according to
11830:. World Bank Publications. 6 November 2009.
11711:
11709:
11491:
11461:
11459:
11309:
11307:
11305:
11303:
11301:
10271:
10164:Bruce N, Perez-Padilla R, Albalak R (2000).
9084:"Assessing Slums in the Development Context"
8456:Mitlin, Diana; Satterthwaite, David (2013).
8374:"Introduction: Concepts of the Global South"
8247:
7272:
7270:
6307:outlets tend to focus disproportionately on
3170:Civil service reform in developing countries
2990:Climate stress is likely to add to existing
2344:Renewable energy can directly contribute to
11717:"World Economic Outlook, April 2016, p.148"
11558:"World Economic Outlook, April 2014, p.160"
11526:"World Economic Outlook, April 2011, p.172"
11467:"World Economic Outlook, April 2009, p.184"
11432:"World Economic Outlook, April 2008, p.236"
11400:"World Economic Outlook, April 2007, p.204"
11368:"World Economic Outlook, April 2001, p.157"
11042:
11024:"Political factors that affect development"
10858:
10080:
9354:"The Gambia bans female genital mutilation"
8914:
8912:
6488:Disrupted Cities: When Infrastructure Fails
6323:and is thought to be an aid in the divide.
5495:Lower middle income countries by World Bank
5324:Upper middle income countries by World Bank
2352:Kenya is the world leader in the number of
12436:
12422:
12335:Number of broadband Internet subscriptions
11915:
11901:
11590:"World Economic Outlook, April 2015, p.48"
10731:
9818:
9816:
9814:
9485:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
9225:
8416:
7578:
7147:
6993:International Journal for Equity in Health
6811:
6451:Speth, James Gustave; Haas, Peter (2013).
2825:Particular vulnerability to climate change
2776:Indoor air pollution in developing nations
2468:
2454:
2212:Indoor air pollution in developing nations
1810:
1796:
1598:
581:, "countries in transition": all those of
12963:South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
11706:
11456:
11298:
11112:
10297:
10181:
10170:Bulletin of the World Health Organization
10001:
9999:
9561:
9504:
9062:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
8956:
8706:
8515:
8265:
8221:Braveboy-Wagner, Jacqueline Anne (2003).
8027:. New York, New York: The Penguin Press.
7904:
7749:
7669:
7659:
7379:
7310:
7267:
7183:
7165:
7022:
7004:
6917:Rogers, R. G.; Wofford, S. (April 1989).
6875:
6818:Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute
6450:
6379:
6377:
5676:(developed countries and regions) by the
3065:March 2019 attacks against Fulani herders
2924:for the year 2010, mainly due to reduced
2899:United Nations Climate Change Conferences
2839:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
2256:Access to water, sanitation and hygiene (
1933:
1465:
1002:
67:The latest classifications sorted by the
11497:
11094:
11021:
10357:"GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4)"
9876:
9378:
9273:
9185:– via Violence is not our Culture.
9076:
9027:
9008:
8909:
8660:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 96–123.
8227:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 11.
7735:
3031:
2828:
2383:
2368:
2311:Renewable energy in developing countries
2293:
2091:
1995:
1943:
1555:, for a bargain. Companies based in the
1521:
1309:
1170:
766:
734:
475:
443:or development cooperation is financial
77:
31:
12719:OPEC Fund for International Development
10792:
10321:Duflo E, Greenstone M, Hanna R (2008).
10265:
10205:Duflo E, Greenstone M, Hanna R (2008).
9836:
9811:
9035:"What are slums and why do they exist?"
8495:. Carolina Academic Press. p. 47.
8358:from the original on 12 December 2022.
8156:
7531:
7478:"World Bank Country and Lending Groups"
2770:
1471:Government, politics and administration
259:In addition, there are also often high
14:
13050:
12928:Association of Southeast Asian Nations
11380:from the original on 13 September 2001
11208:from the original on 27 September 2020
11178:from the original on 10 September 2020
10951:from the original on 18 February 2019.
10793:Gilbert, Natasha (11 September 2008).
10713:from the original on 26 September 2015
10694:
10692:
10624:
10500:
10498:
10432:
10430:
10428:
10379:
10377:
9996:
9870:
9631:
9444:
9442:
9440:
9231:
9204:South African Medical Research Council
9114:
9108:
9057:
8879:
8781:
8720:
8718:
8620:
8552:
8490:
7953:
7879:
7584:
7525:
7239:
7237:
7205:
7203:
7143:
7141:
7101:
7099:
7044:
7042:
6982:
6980:
6912:
6910:
6485:
6418:
6374:
6289:
956:
949:stronghold also see a greater rate of
689:
663:
429:Developing countries often have lower
12417:
11896:
11777:
11632:from the original on 29 December 2017
11479:from the original on 14 November 2011
11198:"Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals"
10973:from the original on 13 November 2021
10871:from the original on 30 November 2020
10840:from the original on 27 November 2020
10272:Ezzati M, Kammen DM (November 2002).
10233:
10145:from the original on 12 February 2022
9986:"Investing in Tomorrow's Liquid Gold"
9977:
9729:from the original on 14 November 2020
9719:Priority environment and health risks
9600:
9537:
9405:
9351:
8887:"Criteria For Identification Of LDCs"
8585:
8248:Dados N, Connell R (1 January 2012).
8175:from the original on 13 December 2021
8076:from the original on 30 December 2019
8020:
8002:from the original on 10 February 2005
7794:from the original on 16 February 2023
7559:
7506:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7048:
6845:
6843:
6807:
6805:
6703:from the original on 11 February 2023
6531:
6476:
6357:List of countries by wealth per adult
6154:" groups and are together called the
2449:
2414:) every day. About 90 percent of the
2081:worldwide is important to combatting
1562:This arrangement is sometimes called
761: Graduated to developing economy
678:, moving from a centrally planned to
12913:African, Caribbean and Pacific Group
12786:United Nations Development Programme
12684:Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
11923:Economic classification of countries
11694:from the original on 20 October 2012
11506:from the original on 12 January 2008
11412:from the original on 5 November 2011
11147:
10510:The Conversation (Australia edition)
10337:from the original on 10 January 2010
10221:from the original on 10 January 2010
10081:Kahn J, Yardley J (26 August 2007).
10005:
9983:
9858:from the original on 15 October 2019
8794:from the original on 10 October 2019
7935:from the original on 3 February 2013
7641:
7488:from the original on 28 October 2019
6773:
6771:
6769:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6681:
6511:The Routledge Handbook of Mobilities
3036:Map of countries and territories by
3021:
2920:have lost an average of 7% of their
2252:Water issues in developing countries
2014:sexual violence by intimate partners
1583:
1457:, and their allies represented the "
1322:(between 30 April and 24 June 1975)
11824:
11759:from the original on 2 October 2020
11327:from the original on 18 August 2000
10919:from the original on 9 October 2021
10827:
10760:
10689:
10495:
10440:. PreventionWeb.net. Archived from
10425:
10374:
9932:
9913:
9437:
9366:from the original on 4 January 2018
8996:from the original on 4 October 2013
8763:from the original on 13 August 2021
8724:
8715:
8376:. gssc.uni-koeln.de. Archived from
7910:
7553:
7458:from the original on 7 January 2021
7234:
7200:
7138:
7096:
7039:
6977:
6907:
6568:
6428:Thomas-Slayter, Barbara P. (2003).
3220:Global partnership: A provision of
2932:. Another example is the impact on
2233:Non communicable diseases and weak
1087:less economically developed country
533:as opposed to the overall economy.
471:
24:
12761:Global System of Trade Preferences
11729:from the original on 17 April 2016
11662:from the original on 16 April 2023
11602:from the original on 13 April 2015
11498:Velinger, Jan (28 February 2006).
11234:from the original on 16 April 2023
10071:". Chinadaily.com.cn. 7 June 2005.
9423:from the original on 4 August 2019
9379:Richards, Kimberly (3 June 2015).
9173:. 21 November 2011. Archived from
8491:Mimiko, Nahzeem Oluwafemi (2012).
8241:
8194:Mitlin D, Satterthwaite D (2013).
7996:United Nations Statistics Division
7873:
7703:The Journal of Development Studies
7623:from the original on 17 April 2020
7589:(4th ed.). Cengage Learning.
7440:
7334:
7222:from the original on 14 April 2022
7126:from the original on 23 March 2021
6965:from the original on 14 April 2022
6840:
6802:
6754:from the original on 10 April 2019
6145:
5664:The following list, including the
3086:
3061:herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria
2364:
2193:Tropical and infectious diseases (
1433:and other allies represented the "
731:Measure and concept of development
589:(USSR) countries in Central Asia (
25:
13119:
12242:Research and development spending
11845:
11802:from the original on 16 July 2022
11570:from the original on 8 April 2014
11129:from the original on 20 July 2018
11030:from the original on 21 June 2020
10584:from the original on 19 June 2021
10278:Environmental Health Perspectives
10253:from the original on 5 April 2022
10119:from the original on 8 March 2022
10093:from the original on 22 July 2016
9563:10.1146/annurev-med-042420-113212
8897:from the original on 20 June 2019
8824:from the original on 25 July 2021
8782:Hickel, Jason (14 January 2017).
8567:from the original on 1 April 2020
8144:from the original on 8 April 2022
7920:. Heidelberg University Library.
7892:from the original on 1 April 2020
7562:Geography, An Integrated Approach
7454:. World Bank Blogs. 1 July 2019.
7255:from the original on 29 June 2022
6790:from the original on 6 March 2023
6766:
6678:
6670:. United Nation s. Archived from
6660:
6582:from the original on 3 March 2023
6536:. Springer Singapore. p. 9.
6294:
3152:or depletion of those resources;
2805:
2242:Water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH)
1855:weakness (based on indicators of
1179:in 2023: the Global North (i.e.,
1081:aspect of the word "developing",
1050:, the current divide between the
13068:Economic country classifications
12771:New International Economic Order
12751:Infrastructure-based development
12396:
12384:
12285:planetary pressures–adjusted HDI
12161:List of countries by median wage
12156:Employee compensation (per hour)
11880:
11771:
11741:
11674:
11644:
11614:
11582:
11550:
11518:
11444:from the original on 16 May 2011
11424:
11392:
11360:
11339:
11286:from the original on 25 May 2023
11272:
11260:from the original on 25 May 2023
11246:
11220:
11190:
11160:
11141:
11101:Journal of Development Economics
11088:
11076:from the original on 31 May 2011
11056:
11022:Williams, Jeremy (1 July 2007).
11015:
10985:
10955:
10931:
10901:
10883:
10852:
10821:
10786:
10766:
10596:
10566:
10475:
10456:
10414:from the original on 1 June 2020
10349:
10314:
10198:
10157:
10131:
10105:
10074:
10054:
10026:
9759:"Key facts from JMP 2015 report"
9460:from the original on 25 May 2019
9352:Lyons, Kate (24 November 2015).
9327:from the original on 26 May 2019
7958:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
7831:from the original on 21 May 2019
6275:
6261:
6247:
6233:
6219:
6205:
6191:
6177:
6163:
6131:
6118:
6105:
6092:
6079:
6066:
6053:
6040:
6027:
6014:
6001:
5988:
5975:
5962:
5933:
5919:
5905:
5885:
5871:
5857:
5843:
5829:
5815:
5797:
5783:
5769:
5755:
5741:
5727:
5713:
5699:
5685:
5310:
5305:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
5297:
5284:
5271:
5258:
5237:
5224:
5211:
5198:
5185:
5172:
5159:
5146:
5133:
5120:
5107:
5094:
5081:
5068:
5055:
5042:
5029:
5016:
5003:
4990:
4977:
4964:
4951:
4938:
4925:
4912:
4899:
4886:
4873:
4860:
4847:
4834:
4821:
4808:
4795:
4782:
4777:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4769:
4756:
4743:
4730:
4717:
4704:
4691:
4678:
4665:
4652:
4639:
4626:
4613:
4600:
4587:
4574:
4561:
4548:
4535:
4522:
4509:
4496:
4483:
4470:
4457:
4444:
4431:
4418:
4405:
4392:
4379:
4366:
4353:
4340:
4327:
4314:
4301:
4288:
4275:
4262:
4249:
4236:
4223:
4210:
4197:
4184:
4171:
4158:
4145:
4132:
4119:
4106:
4093:
4080:
4067:
4054:
4041:
4028:
4015:
4002:
3989:
3976:
3963:
3950:
3937:
3924:
3911:
3898:
3885:
3872:
3859:
3846:
3833:
3820:
3807:
3794:
3781:
3768:
3755:
3742:
3729:
3716:
3703:
3690:
3685:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3677:
3664:
3651:
3638:
3625:
3612:
3599:
3586:
3573:
3560:
3547:
3534:
3521:
3508:
3495:
3482:
3469:
3456:
3443:
3430:
3417:
3404:
3391:
3378:
3365:
3352:
3339:
3326:
3313:
3300:
3287:
3274:
3261:
3248:
3228:
3187:
2908:'s chief climate change expert.
2020:by a non-partner (not including
1568:New International Economic Order
1302:This section is an excerpt from
1163:This section is an excerpt from
1108:
488:per capita calculated using the
463:Terms used to classify countries
12893:G33 developing countries (G-33)
12589:World Conference against Racism
12484:Heavily indebted poor countries
12474:Landlocked developing countries
11943:Heavily indebted poor countries
11538:from the original on 6 May 2011
11003:from the original on 5 May 2021
10750:from the original on 7 May 2011
10516:from the original on 4 May 2018
9959:"China Climate Change Info-Net"
9781:
9751:
9741:
9707:
9675:
9621:
9594:
9472:
9393:from the original on 8 May 2016
9339:
9311:
9267:
9189:
9159:
9145:
9051:
9024:, United Nations Habitat (2003)
8932:
8836:
8806:
8775:
8682:
8649:
8614:
8579:
8553:Silver, Marc (4 January 2015).
8519:Journal of Contemporary History
8449:
8410:
8214:
8187:
8126:Campus-Wide Information Systems
8120:Korotayev A, Zinkina J (2014).
8113:
8088:
7972:from the original on 3 May 2019
7947:
7914:The Bhutanese development story
7880:Silver, Marc (4 January 2015).
7861:from the original on 4 May 2007
7843:
7774:
7738:Journal of Developing Societies
7729:
7694:
7635:
7603:
7396:
6638:Economics: Principles in Action
6578:. International Monetary Fund.
3222:Sustainable Development Goal 17
3101:Democracy Index (The Economist)
2981:Sustainable Development Goal 13
1208:Latin America and the Caribbean
1136:
1119:landlocked developing countries
1021:which a few countries, such as
670:Heavily indebted poor countries
653:Landlocked Developing Countries
621:
252:, and generally poorer quality
180:landlocked developing countries
12973:Small Island Developing States
12766:Protocol on Trade Negotiations
11958:World Bank high-income economy
11818:
10540:Matthew McKinnon, ed. (2012).
9417:United Nations Population Fund
8695:International Migration Review
8393:"Concepts of the Global South"
8303:"UNCTADstat - Classifications"
7825:United Nations Population Fund
7539:. Princeton University Press.
7404:"World population ageing 2013"
6624:
6594:
6413:Small Island Developing States
6150:Nine countries belong to the "
5948:Newly industrialized countries
5471:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
4387:Federated States of Micronesia
3210:Sustainable Development Goal 8
2979:(SDGs) are met, in particular
2880:Small Island Developing States
2356:systems installed per capita.
2280:Sustainable Development Goal 6
1877:
1859:, health, education and adult
1296:
1123:small island developing states
631:Small Island Developing States
550:Newly industrialized countries
525:By markets and economic growth
492:, re-set each year on 1 July:
184:small island developing states
13:
1:
12883:G20 developing nations (G-20)
11778:Philo, Greg (November 2001).
11069:. Republic of Armenia. 2003.
10783:. World Bank, Washington, DC.
10706:. CDKN & HR Wallingford.
9653:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60996-4
8746:10.1080/01436597.2016.1154440
8431:10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.11.001
8346:"Handbook of Statistics 2022"
8169:Humboldt University of Berlin
7049:Fauci, A. S. (1 March 2001).
6732:"Chapter 1: The Gap Instinct"
6561:
5952:Ten countries belong to the "
2977:Sustainable Development Goals
2887:Climate Vulnerability Monitor
2284:Sustainable Development Goals
1389:, and other neutral countries
1352:: Countries aligned with the
1331:: Countries aligned with the
1165:Global North and Global South
1085:have started to use the term
901:Sustainable Development Goals
502:upper-middle income countries
499:lower-middle income countries
453:Sustainable Development Goals
152:low and middle-income country
42:Developed countries or cities
12943:International Solar Alliance
12505:Newly industrialized country
12297:Percentage living in poverty
11953:Newly industrialized country
11871:Resources in other libraries
11150:World Bank Discussion Papers
11114:10.1016/0304-3878(95)00042-9
10859:Star Report (10 July 2019).
10398:10.1017/cbo9781107415324.023
9206:. April 2012. Archived from
9131:10.1080/00472336.2011.610612
9118:Journal of Contemporary Asia
8857:10.1080/17441692.2012.679741
8725:Roy, Pallavi (2 July 2016).
8600:10.1080/01436597.2010.488465
7715:10.1080/00220388.2013.822071
7055:Clinical Infectious Diseases
6923:Journal of Biosocial Science
6455:. Island Press. p. 58.
5954:newly industrialized country
3162:Debt of developing countries
2868:vulnerable to climate change
2820:Climate change in South Asia
2416:water in the cities of China
2359:
2052:Healthcare and public health
2008:facts and figures on ending
1099:World Development Indicators
897:Millennium Development Goals
649:, and fragile environments).
637:which tend to share similar
577:(IMF) put it, following the
7:
13010:International Monetary Fund
12709:Common Fund for Commodities
12247:Stock market capitalization
12213:Financial assets per capita
11355:Foreign relations of Taiwan
10828:Haq, Naimul (9 July 2019).
10010:. About.com. Archived from
8532:10.1177/0022009403038002135
8312:Australia, and New Zealand.
7616:International Monetary Fund
7511:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
6409:International Monetary Fund
6330:
5807:(since 2009, since 2006 by
5252:Countries not listed by IMF
3240:International Monetary Fund
3107:control of the government.
2195:neglected tropical diseases
1083:international organizations
575:International Monetary Fund
246:neglected tropical diseases
10:
13124:
12948:Melanesian Spearhead Group
12704:Caribbean Development Bank
12648:(BRICS minus South Africa)
11347:People's Republic of China
8351:. unctad.org. p. 21.
7295:10.1007/s13524-019-00798-y
7006:10.1186/s12939-020-01315-z
6513:. Routledge. p. 470.
6490:. Routledge. p. 131.
3069:Sudanese nomadic conflicts
3025:
2911:
2863:adapting to climate change
2809:
2476:Water pollution by country
2304:
2245:
1937:
1881:
1517:
1431:Western European countries
1364:, and allies), led by the
1301:
1162:
1140:
1006:
618:global financial system".
583:Central and Eastern Europe
433:than developed countries.
49: Developing countries
13073:International development
12986:
12851:
12843:World Health Organization
12799:
12727:
12666:
12624:
12564:
12555:
12518:
12492:
12479:Least developed countries
12464:
12455:
12379:
12353:
12320:
12260:
12221:
12191:
12134:
12095:
12046:
12009:
11999:
11966:
11948:Least developed countries
11928:
11866:Resources in your library
11753:E-International Relations
10139:""煤改气"是碳达峰的重要一环，需求有望超预期！"
9984:Pink DH (19 April 2006).
9763:World Health Organization
9723:World Health Organization
9607:. Routledge. p. 20.
9550:Annual Review of Medicine
9020:21 September 2013 at the
8945:Applied Economic Analysis
8200:. Routledge. p. 13.
8138:10.1108/CWIS-11-2013-0064
7648:Development Policy Review
7537:The Limits of Convergence
7482:World Bank Data Help Desk
7167:10.1186/s40748-017-0059-8
6935:10.1017/s0021932000017934
6601:Least Developed Countries
6532:Lynch, Andrew P. (2018).
6401:Human Development Indices
6347:International development
6321:Global South to the North
3146:
2918:Least Developed Countries
2843:effects of climate change
2812:Effects of climate change
2481:
2289:
2262:World Health Organization
2026:intimate partner violence
1976:Female genital mutilation
1746:Environmental determinism
1663:Neoclassical growth model
1278:least developed countries
1185:least developed countries
1115:Least developed countries
823: $ 10,000 – $ 20,000
815: $ 20,000 – $ 30,000
807: $ 30,000 – $ 40,000
799: $ 40,000 – $ 50,000
791: $ 50,000 – $ 60,000
565:Least developed countries
455:which were set up by the
416:effects of climate change
176:Least developed countries
57:Least developed countries
13020:World Trade Organization
12958:Polynesian Leaders Group
12340:Number of Internet users
12232:Gross National Happiness
10578:European Investment Bank
10469:22 December 2020 at the
10006:West L (26 March 2006).
9688:. UNICEF. Archived from
9289:Sex & social justice
8958:10.1108/AEA-02-2021-0029
8708:10.1177/0197918319879057
8307:UN Trade and Development
8267:10.1177/1536504212436479
7821:"Population and poverty"
7760:10.1177/0169796x17710072
6856:Social Science Quarterly
6740:. Sceptre. p. 353.
6617:21 December 2019 at the
6486:Graham, Stephen (2010).
6367:
3607:Central African Republic
2938:greenhouse gas emissions
2906:European Investment Bank
2816:Climate change in Africa
2227:Motor vehicle collisions
2156:Malnutrition in children
1918:, forced or manipulated
1904:rural-to-urban migration
1668:Endogenous growth theory
1649:Economic growth theories
1530:(in trillions USD), 2018
1339:and allies), led by the
1238:, which includes having
1204:UN Trade and Development
1187:) is highlighted in red.
1103:Global Monitoring Report
1065:Global Footprint Network
1031:gross national happiness
831: $ 5,000 – $ 10,000
579:fall of the Soviet Union
13103:Sustainable development
13063:Geographical neologisms
13005:Global financial system
12756:Sustainable development
12445:South–South cooperation
12270:Human Development Index
9988:. Yahoo. Archived from
9891:10.1126/science.1222307
9506:10.1196/annals.1425.011
8818:Encyclopedia Britannica
8056:; Beyers, Bert (2019).
8021:Sachs, Jeffrey (2005).
7954:Rodney, Walter (1973).
7926:10.11588/xarep.00000305
7587:Principles of Economics
7249:Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
3097:V-Dem Democracy indices
2230:Unintentional poisoning
1847:least developed country
1526:World regions by total
1248:population growth rates
893:Human Development Index
847: $ 1,000 – $ 2,500
839: $ 2,500 – $ 5,000
639:sustainable development
367:, inadequate access to
148:Human Development Index
84:Human Development Index
82:World map representing
13058:Economic globalization
12821:Pharmaceutical patents
12689:Asian Development Bank
12366:Per capita (creditors)
12345:Smartphone penetration
12001:Gross domestic product
11968:Three/Four-World Model
11885:Quotations related to
11280:"World Bank Open Data"
11254:"World Bank Open Data"
10807:10.1038/news.2008.1103
10246:. WHO. 24 March 2014.
10043:. 2010. Archived from
9822:WHO and UNICEF (2017)
7642:Koch S (1 June 2015).
6634:, Sheffrin SM (2003).
6403:and are classified as
6315:' is characterized by
5354:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3477:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3164:) and underperforming
3081:Northern Mali conflict
3041:
2922:gross domestic product
2847:extreme weather events
2834:
2396:
2381:
2302:
2144:
2010:violence against women
2001:
1954:violence against women
1949:
1940:Violence against women
1934:Violence against women
1867:Economic vulnerability
1678:Balanced growth theory
1531:
1489:democratic governments
1466:Common characteristics
1391:
1188:
1003:Criticisms of the term
992:Postdevelopment theory
885:gross domestic product
868:
764:
615:World Economic Outlook
481:
250:road traffic accidents
160:newly emerging economy
142:with a less developed
131:
75:
64: Data unavailable
13098:Political pejoratives
13037:Global digital divide
12923:Afro–Asian Conference
12833:Test data exclusivity
12746:Flying geese paradigm
12330:ICT Development Index
12312:Social Progress Index
12097:Gross national income
10963:"The Sahel in flames"
10779:22 March 2018 at the
10676:19 March 2018 at the
10290:10.1289/ehp.021101057
9925:30 March 2012 at the
8734:Third World Quarterly
8588:Third World Quarterly
5615:São Tomé and Príncipe
5585:Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
4803:São Tomé and Príncipe
4751:Saint Kitts and Nevis
3698:Republic of the Congo
3120:Political instability
3035:
2832:
2810:Further information:
2427:CCP general secretary
2404:water resource policy
2387:
2372:
2297:
2246:Further information:
2095:
1999:
1966:Marriage by abduction
1947:
1910:and depression, high
1673:Unified growth theory
1592:Development economics
1525:
1313:
1174:
1127:high-income countries
1007:Further information:
770:
738:
680:market-driven economy
613:. By 2009, the IMF's
519:Historical thresholds
506:high income countries
486:gross national income
479:
420:climate vulnerability
188:high-income countries
172:gross national income
81:
35:
13083:Economic development
13032:Financial regulation
12908:Non-Aligned Movement
12714:New Development Bank
12679:Asian Clearing Union
12640:(BRICS minus Russia)
12391:Economics portal
12371:Per capita (debtors)
12237:Net material product
11755:. 23 November 2016.
10967:The New Humanitarian
10113:"习近平：绿水青山就是金山银山_新华网"
10067:30 June 2017 at the
9920:Power for the People
9829:25 July 2019 at the
9725:. 8 September 2016.
8925:25 July 2019 at the
8845:Global Public Health
7416:10.18356/30d0966c-en
6786:. World Bank Blogs.
6699:. 16 November 2015.
6283:United Arab Emirates
5141:United Arab Emirates
3841:Eswatini (Swaziland)
3124:political corruption
2966:Economic development
2942:Cancún COP16 in 2010
2849:, droughts, floods,
2771:Indoor air pollution
2373:Factory in China at
2317:dry animal dung fuel
1841:– measured based on
1687:Fields and subfields
1379:Non-Aligned Movement
1019:economic development
966:Modernization theory
951:economic development
725:United Arab Emirates
699:, countries such as
657:landlocked countries
496:low-income countries
377:informal settlements
305:human capital flight
18:Developing economies
13108:Imperialism studies
12741:Developmental state
12357:investment position
12302:Human Capital Index
12292:Human Poverty Index
12280:inequality-adjusted
12081:per person employed
11095:Harrison A (1996).
10947:. 23 January 2019.
10915:. 22 January 2019.
10669:Damian Carrington,
10651:on 29 February 2012
10614:on 12 October 2012.
10512:. 5 February 2016.
10488:20 May 2022 at the
10014:on 27 December 2016
9944:27 May 2008 at the
9497:2008NYASA1136..161P
9177:on 18 February 2015
9047:on 6 February 2011.
8635:10.1057/pol.2012.19
8398:. gssc.uni-koeln.de
8380:on 4 September 2016
8054:Wackernagel, Mathis
7364:2016NatSR...620281A
6824:(1). Archived from
6606:17 May 2011 at the
6290:Society and culture
5050:Trinidad and Tobago
3308:Antigua and Barbuda
2958:President of France
2412:waterborne diseases
2346:poverty alleviation
2130: 25.0% – 34.9%
2124: 15.0% – 24.9%
1987:Istanbul Convention
1908:economic stagnation
1696:Economic inequality
1607:Economies by region
1397:" arose during the
1274:developed countries
1268:Southern Hemisphere
1264:Northern Hemisphere
1256:poor infrastructure
1181:developed countries
1131:developed countries
957:Associated theories
912:liberation theology
690:By self declaration
664:By other parameters
647:international trade
538:Developed countries
510:developed countries
361:economic inequality
224:, higher levels of
192:developed countries
13078:Economic geography
12953:North–South Summit
12694:Arab Monetary Fund
12510:Transition economy
12355:Net international
12106:Nominal per capita
12024:past and projected
11938:Developing country
11887:Developing country
11857:Developing country
11784:The UNESCO Courier
9965:on 5 November 2013
9848:data.worldbank.org
9695:on 12 January 2021
9058:Patton CV (1988).
8250:"the global south"
8024:The End of Poverty
7585:Mankiw NG (2007).
7352:Scientific Reports
7120:10.26099/ta1q-mw24
6868:10.1111/ssqu.12638
6405:advanced economies
5674:advanced economies
5651:West Bank and Gaza
5561:Iran, Islamic Rep.
5378:Dominican Republic
4501:
3750:Dominican Republic
3042:
2950:Green Climate Fund
2926:labor productivity
2835:
2550:Dominican Republic
2397:
2382:
2329:distributed energy
2303:
2145:
2118: 5.0% – 14.9%
2098:World Food Program
2062:maternal mortality
2002:
1950:
1658:Harrod–Domar model
1532:
1477:self-determination
1392:
1236:standard of living
1210:, Asia (excluding
1189:
1061:Mathis Wackernagel
984:– a collection of
982:Development theory
877:standard of living
869:
783: >$ 60,000
765:
676:Transition economy
482:
424:climate resilience
404:maternal mortality
263:rates, widespread
136:developing country
132:
76:
13045:
13044:
12662:
12661:
12551:
12550:
12411:
12410:
12262:Human development
12224:national accounts
12126:Disposable income
12121:Per capita growth
12091:
12090:
11933:Developed country
11852:Library resources
11837:978-0-8213-7988-2
11351:Republic of China
10999:. 27 April 2015.
10641:978-1-901795-76-9
10625:Müller B (2008).
10407:978-1-107-41532-4
9992:on 23 April 2006.
9647:(9890): 452–477.
9409:(December 2015).
9323:. 12 April 2011.
9096:on 5 January 2014
9069:978-0-87722-507-2
8851:(sup1): S16–S28.
8667:978-1-352-00798-5
8502:978-1-61163-129-6
7804:National Archives
7709:(12): 1728–1745.
7661:10.1111/dpr.12119
7596:978-0-324-22472-6
7571:978-0-17-444706-1
7546:978-0-691-11633-4
7518:978-0-7546-4638-9
7372:10.1038/srep20281
7112:Commonwealth Fund
6828:on 2 October 2020
6747:978-1-250-10781-7
6653:978-0-13-063085-8
6543:978-981-10-7802-6
6520:978-1-317-93413-4
6497:978-1-135-85199-6
6462:978-1-59726-605-5
6439:978-1-56549-174-8
5666:Four Asian Tigers
5384:Equatorial Guinea
3815:Equatorial Guinea
3093:democracy indices
3077:population growth
3022:Population growth
3001:crop productivity
2851:biodiversity loss
2767:
2766:
2389:Plastic pollution
2112: 2.5% – 5.0%
2087:COVID-19 pandemic
2022:sexual harassment
1952:Several forms of
1871:natural disasters
1820:
1819:
1584:Common challenges
1493:political liberty
1242:, high levels of
1015:developed country
972:Dependency theory
932:political economy
873:industrialization
855: <$ 1,000
643:natural disasters
542:developed markets
400:life expectancies
373:teenage pregnancy
16:(Redirected from
13115:
12838:Doha Declaration
12649:
12641:
12616:Post-Western era
12562:
12561:
12500:Emerging markets
12462:
12461:
12438:
12431:
12424:
12415:
12414:
12403:World portal
12401:
12400:
12389:
12388:
12307:Household income
12201:Wealth per adult
12064:future estimates
12007:
12006:
11917:
11910:
11903:
11894:
11893:
11884:
11841:
11812:
11811:
11809:
11807:
11775:
11769:
11768:
11766:
11764:
11745:
11739:
11738:
11736:
11734:
11728:
11721:
11713:
11704:
11703:
11701:
11699:
11693:
11686:
11678:
11672:
11671:
11669:
11667:
11648:
11642:
11641:
11639:
11637:
11618:
11612:
11611:
11609:
11607:
11601:
11594:
11586:
11580:
11579:
11577:
11575:
11569:
11562:
11554:
11548:
11547:
11545:
11543:
11537:
11530:
11522:
11516:
11515:
11513:
11511:
11502:. Radio Prague.
11495:
11489:
11488:
11486:
11484:
11478:
11471:
11463:
11454:
11453:
11451:
11449:
11443:
11436:
11428:
11422:
11421:
11419:
11417:
11411:
11404:
11396:
11390:
11389:
11387:
11385:
11379:
11372:
11364:
11358:
11343:
11337:
11336:
11334:
11332:
11326:
11319:
11311:
11296:
11295:
11293:
11291:
11276:
11270:
11269:
11267:
11265:
11250:
11244:
11243:
11241:
11239:
11224:
11218:
11217:
11215:
11213:
11202:The Global Goals
11194:
11188:
11187:
11185:
11183:
11164:
11158:
11157:
11145:
11139:
11138:
11136:
11134:
11116:
11092:
11086:
11085:
11083:
11081:
11075:
11068:
11060:
11054:
11051:
11040:
11039:
11037:
11035:
11019:
11013:
11012:
11010:
11008:
10989:
10983:
10982:
10980:
10978:
10959:
10953:
10952:
10935:
10929:
10928:
10926:
10924:
10905:
10899:
10898:
10887:
10881:
10880:
10878:
10876:
10856:
10850:
10849:
10847:
10845:
10825:
10819:
10818:
10790:
10784:
10770:
10764:
10758:
10757:
10755:
10749:
10738:
10732:The World Bank,
10729:
10723:
10722:
10720:
10718:
10712:
10705:
10696:
10687:
10667:
10661:
10660:
10658:
10656:
10650:
10644:. Archived from
10633:
10622:
10616:
10615:
10610:. Archived from
10600:
10594:
10593:
10591:
10589:
10570:
10564:
10563:
10537:
10526:
10525:
10523:
10521:
10502:
10493:
10479:
10473:
10460:
10454:
10453:
10451:
10449:
10444:on 11 March 2012
10434:
10423:
10422:
10421:
10419:
10381:
10372:
10371:
10369:
10367:
10353:
10347:
10346:
10344:
10342:
10318:
10312:
10311:
10301:
10269:
10263:
10262:
10260:
10258:
10252:
10245:
10237:
10231:
10230:
10228:
10226:
10202:
10196:
10195:
10185:
10161:
10155:
10154:
10152:
10150:
10135:
10129:
10128:
10126:
10124:
10109:
10103:
10102:
10100:
10098:
10078:
10072:
10058:
10052:
10051:
10049:
10038:
10030:
10024:
10023:
10021:
10019:
10003:
9994:
9993:
9981:
9975:
9974:
9972:
9970:
9961:. Archived from
9955:
9949:
9936:
9930:
9917:
9911:
9910:
9874:
9868:
9867:
9865:
9863:
9840:
9834:
9820:
9809:
9808:
9806:
9804:
9795:. Archived from
9785:
9779:
9778:
9776:
9774:
9765:. Archived from
9755:
9749:
9745:
9739:
9738:
9736:
9734:
9711:
9705:
9704:
9702:
9700:
9694:
9687:
9679:
9673:
9672:
9635:
9629:
9625:
9619:
9618:
9601:Young L (2002).
9598:
9592:
9591:
9565:
9541:
9535:
9534:
9508:
9476:
9470:
9469:
9467:
9465:
9446:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9428:
9402:
9400:
9398:
9375:
9373:
9371:
9343:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9332:
9315:
9309:
9308:
9292:
9271:
9265:
9264:
9262:
9260:
9254:
9248:. Archived from
9243:
9235:(22 July 2013).
9229:
9223:
9222:
9220:
9218:
9212:
9201:
9193:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9182:
9163:
9157:
9156:
9149:
9143:
9142:
9112:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9101:
9095:
9088:
9080:
9074:
9073:
9055:
9049:
9048:
9046:
9039:
9031:
9025:
9012:
9006:
9005:
9003:
9001:
8995:
8988:
8980:
8971:
8970:
8960:
8936:
8930:
8916:
8907:
8906:
8904:
8902:
8883:
8877:
8876:
8840:
8834:
8833:
8831:
8829:
8814:"Neocolonialism"
8810:
8804:
8803:
8801:
8799:
8779:
8773:
8772:
8770:
8768:
8762:
8740:(7): 1284–1297.
8731:
8722:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8686:
8680:
8679:
8653:
8647:
8646:
8618:
8612:
8611:
8583:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8572:
8550:
8544:
8543:
8513:
8507:
8506:
8488:
8482:
8481:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8419:Transport Policy
8414:
8408:
8407:
8405:
8403:
8397:
8389:
8387:
8385:
8370:
8364:
8363:
8357:
8350:
8342:
8329:
8328:
8321:
8315:
8314:
8299:
8288:
8287:
8269:
8245:
8239:
8238:
8218:
8212:
8211:
8191:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8160:
8154:
8153:
8151:
8149:
8132:(2/3): 139–152.
8117:
8111:
8110:
8108:
8106:
8100:World Bank Blogs
8092:
8086:
8085:
8083:
8081:
8050:
8039:
8038:
8018:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8007:
7998:. 2003. Note b.
7988:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7977:
7971:
7964:
7951:
7945:
7944:
7942:
7940:
7934:
7919:
7908:
7902:
7901:
7899:
7897:
7877:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7866:
7847:
7841:
7840:
7838:
7836:
7817:
7808:
7807:
7801:
7799:
7790:. 26 July 2019.
7778:
7772:
7771:
7753:
7733:
7727:
7726:
7698:
7692:
7691:
7673:
7663:
7639:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7628:
7607:
7601:
7600:
7582:
7576:
7575:
7557:
7551:
7550:
7529:
7523:
7522:
7504:
7498:
7497:
7495:
7493:
7474:
7468:
7467:
7465:
7463:
7444:
7438:
7437:
7400:
7394:
7393:
7383:
7343:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7327:
7314:
7289:(4): 1349–1370.
7274:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7241:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7227:
7207:
7198:
7197:
7187:
7169:
7145:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7131:
7103:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7089:
7046:
7037:
7036:
7026:
7008:
6984:
6975:
6974:
6972:
6970:
6914:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6900:
6879:
6862:(4): 1387–1403.
6847:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6833:
6809:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6775:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6759:
6724:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6708:
6697:World Bank blogs
6689:
6676:
6675:
6674:on 6 March 2010.
6664:
6658:
6657:
6641:
6628:
6622:
6598:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6587:
6572:
6555:
6551:
6528:
6505:
6480:
6474:
6470:
6447:
6422:
6416:
6381:
6342:Economic miracle
6281:
6279:
6278:
6267:
6265:
6264:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6239:
6237:
6236:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6211:
6209:
6208:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6152:emerging markets
6137:
6135:
6134:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6059:
6057:
6056:
6046:
6044:
6043:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6020:
6018:
6017:
6007:
6005:
6004:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5939:
5937:
5936:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5775:
5773:
5772:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5606:Papua New Guinea
5537:Egypt, Arab Rep.
5429:Marshall Islands
5316:
5314:
5313:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5217:
5215:
5214:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5009:
5007:
5006:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4877:
4876:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4788:
4786:
4785:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4634:Papua New Guinea
4632:
4630:
4629:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4335:Marshall Islands
4333:
4331:
4330:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3073:land degradation
2470:
2463:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2391:at a beach near
2335:Renewable energy
2216:Pollution (e.g.
2141:
2136: Over 35.0%
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2106: Under 2.5%
2105:
2070:infant mortality
1924:social conflicts
1916:informal economy
1812:
1805:
1798:
1741:Decentralization
1602:
1588:
1587:
1499:' is defined by
1372:
1347:
1326:
1260:Northern America
1077:To moderate the
939:secondary sector
920:anti-imperialism
862:
854:
846:
838:
830:
822:
814:
806:
798:
790:
782:
760:
751:
742:
635:island countries
560:Frontier markets
555:Emerging markets
521:are documented.
472:By income groups
435:Population aging
412:infant mortality
365:school desertion
345:drug trafficking
337:arms trafficking
309:informal economy
125:
117:
109:
101:
93:
63:
54:
48:
39:
21:
13123:
13122:
13118:
13117:
13116:
13114:
13113:
13112:
13093:Human geography
13048:
13047:
13046:
13041:
12993:
12990:
12982:
12856:
12854:
12847:
12795:
12734:
12731:
12723:
12658:
12647:
12639:
12636:
12620:
12547:
12514:
12488:
12451:
12442:
12412:
12407:
12395:
12383:
12375:
12356:
12349:
12316:
12256:
12217:
12187:
12130:
12087:
12049:
12042:
11995:
11962:
11924:
11921:
11877:
11876:
11875:
11860:
11859:
11855:
11848:
11838:
11821:
11816:
11815:
11805:
11803:
11776:
11772:
11762:
11760:
11747:
11746:
11742:
11732:
11730:
11726:
11719:
11715:
11714:
11707:
11697:
11695:
11691:
11684:
11680:
11679:
11675:
11665:
11663:
11650:
11649:
11645:
11635:
11633:
11620:
11619:
11615:
11605:
11603:
11599:
11592:
11588:
11587:
11583:
11573:
11571:
11567:
11560:
11556:
11555:
11551:
11541:
11539:
11535:
11528:
11524:
11523:
11519:
11509:
11507:
11496:
11492:
11482:
11480:
11476:
11469:
11465:
11464:
11457:
11447:
11445:
11441:
11434:
11430:
11429:
11425:
11415:
11413:
11409:
11402:
11398:
11397:
11393:
11383:
11381:
11377:
11370:
11366:
11365:
11361:
11344:
11340:
11330:
11328:
11324:
11317:
11313:
11312:
11299:
11289:
11287:
11278:
11277:
11273:
11263:
11261:
11252:
11251:
11247:
11237:
11235:
11226:
11225:
11221:
11211:
11209:
11196:
11195:
11191:
11181:
11179:
11166:
11165:
11161:
11146:
11142:
11132:
11130:
11093:
11089:
11079:
11077:
11073:
11066:
11062:
11061:
11057:
11052:
11043:
11033:
11031:
11020:
11016:
11006:
11004:
10991:
10990:
10986:
10976:
10974:
10969:. 31 May 2019.
10961:
10960:
10956:
10937:
10936:
10932:
10922:
10920:
10907:
10906:
10902:
10897:. 28 June 2018.
10889:
10888:
10884:
10874:
10872:
10857:
10853:
10843:
10841:
10834:Bangladesh Post
10826:
10822:
10791:
10787:
10781:Wayback Machine
10771:
10767:
10753:
10751:
10747:
10736:
10730:
10726:
10716:
10714:
10710:
10703:
10697:
10690:
10678:Wayback Machine
10668:
10664:
10654:
10652:
10648:
10642:
10631:
10623:
10619:
10602:
10601:
10597:
10587:
10585:
10572:
10571:
10567:
10552:
10538:
10529:
10519:
10517:
10504:
10503:
10496:
10490:Wayback Machine
10480:
10476:
10471:Wayback Machine
10461:
10457:
10447:
10445:
10436:
10435:
10426:
10417:
10415:
10408:
10382:
10375:
10365:
10363:
10355:
10354:
10350:
10340:
10338:
10319:
10315:
10284:(11): 1057–68.
10270:
10266:
10256:
10254:
10250:
10243:
10239:
10238:
10234:
10224:
10222:
10203:
10199:
10162:
10158:
10148:
10146:
10137:
10136:
10132:
10122:
10120:
10111:
10110:
10106:
10096:
10094:
10079:
10075:
10069:Wayback Machine
10059:
10055:
10050:on 12 May 2013.
10047:
10036:
10032:
10031:
10027:
10017:
10015:
10004:
9997:
9982:
9978:
9968:
9966:
9957:
9956:
9952:
9946:Wayback Machine
9937:
9933:
9927:Wayback Machine
9918:
9914:
9875:
9871:
9861:
9859:
9842:
9841:
9837:
9831:Wayback Machine
9821:
9812:
9802:
9800:
9787:
9786:
9782:
9772:
9770:
9757:
9756:
9752:
9746:
9742:
9732:
9730:
9713:
9712:
9708:
9698:
9696:
9692:
9685:
9681:
9680:
9676:
9636:
9632:
9626:
9622:
9615:
9599:
9595:
9542:
9538:
9477:
9473:
9463:
9461:
9448:
9447:
9438:
9426:
9424:
9396:
9394:
9369:
9367:
9344:
9340:
9330:
9328:
9317:
9316:
9312:
9305:
9272:
9268:
9258:
9256:
9255:on 5 April 2015
9252:
9241:
9230:
9226:
9216:
9214:
9213:on 17 July 2013
9210:
9199:
9195:
9194:
9190:
9180:
9178:
9171:Island Business
9165:
9164:
9160:
9151:
9150:
9146:
9113:
9109:
9099:
9097:
9093:
9086:
9082:
9081:
9077:
9070:
9056:
9052:
9044:
9037:
9033:
9032:
9028:
9022:Wayback Machine
9013:
9009:
8999:
8997:
8993:
8986:
8982:
8981:
8974:
8937:
8933:
8927:Wayback Machine
8917:
8910:
8900:
8898:
8885:
8884:
8880:
8841:
8837:
8827:
8825:
8812:
8811:
8807:
8797:
8795:
8780:
8776:
8766:
8764:
8760:
8729:
8723:
8716:
8687:
8683:
8668:
8654:
8650:
8619:
8615:
8584:
8580:
8570:
8568:
8551:
8547:
8514:
8510:
8503:
8489:
8485:
8474:
8454:
8450:
8415:
8411:
8401:
8399:
8395:
8391:
8383:
8381:
8372:
8371:
8367:
8355:
8348:
8344:
8343:
8332:
8323:
8322:
8318:
8301:
8300:
8291:
8246:
8242:
8235:
8219:
8215:
8208:
8192:
8188:
8178:
8176:
8161:
8157:
8147:
8145:
8118:
8114:
8104:
8102:
8094:
8093:
8089:
8079:
8077:
8070:
8051:
8042:
8035:
8019:
8015:
8005:
8003:
7990:
7989:
7985:
7975:
7973:
7969:
7962:
7952:
7948:
7938:
7936:
7932:
7917:
7909:
7905:
7895:
7893:
7878:
7874:
7864:
7862:
7849:
7848:
7844:
7834:
7832:
7819:
7818:
7811:
7797:
7795:
7780:
7779:
7775:
7734:
7730:
7699:
7695:
7640:
7636:
7626:
7624:
7609:
7608:
7604:
7597:
7583:
7579:
7572:
7558:
7554:
7547:
7530:
7526:
7519:
7505:
7501:
7491:
7489:
7476:
7475:
7471:
7461:
7459:
7446:
7445:
7441:
7426:
7410:. 27 May 2014.
7402:
7401:
7397:
7344:
7335:
7325:
7323:
7275:
7268:
7258:
7256:
7251:. 5 July 2019.
7243:
7242:
7235:
7225:
7223:
7208:
7201:
7146:
7139:
7129:
7127:
7104:
7097:
7087:
7085:
7047:
7040:
6985:
6978:
6968:
6966:
6915:
6908:
6898:
6896:
6848:
6841:
6831:
6829:
6810:
6803:
6793:
6791:
6776:
6767:
6757:
6755:
6748:
6725:
6716:
6706:
6704:
6691:
6690:
6679:
6666:
6665:
6661:
6654:
6629:
6625:
6619:Wayback Machine
6608:Wayback Machine
6599:
6595:
6585:
6583:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6558:
6554:
6544:
6521:
6498:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6463:
6440:
6423:
6419:
6399:have very-high
6382:
6375:
6370:
6333:
6297:
6292:
6276:
6274:
6262:
6260:
6248:
6246:
6234:
6232:
6220:
6218:
6206:
6204:
6192:
6190:
6178:
6176:
6164:
6162:
6148:
6146:BRICS countries
6143:
6132:
6130:
6119:
6117:
6106:
6104:
6093:
6091:
6080:
6078:
6067:
6065:
6054:
6052:
6041:
6039:
6028:
6026:
6015:
6013:
6002:
6000:
5989:
5987:
5976:
5974:
5963:
5961:
5950:
5934:
5932:
5920:
5918:
5906:
5904:
5886:
5884:
5872:
5870:
5858:
5856:
5844:
5842:
5830:
5828:
5816:
5814:
5798:
5796:
5784:
5782:
5770:
5768:
5756:
5754:
5742:
5740:
5728:
5726:
5714:
5712:
5700:
5698:
5686:
5684:
5662:
5657:
5621:Solomon Islands
5570:Kyrgyz Republic
5497:
5492:
5450:North Macedonia
5326:
5311:
5309:
5298:
5296:
5285:
5283:
5272:
5270:
5259:
5257:
5249:
5238:
5236:
5225:
5223:
5212:
5210:
5199:
5197:
5186:
5184:
5173:
5171:
5160:
5158:
5147:
5145:
5134:
5132:
5121:
5119:
5108:
5106:
5095:
5093:
5082:
5080:
5069:
5067:
5056:
5054:
5043:
5041:
5030:
5028:
5017:
5015:
5004:
5002:
4991:
4989:
4978:
4976:
4965:
4963:
4952:
4950:
4939:
4937:
4926:
4924:
4913:
4911:
4900:
4898:
4887:
4885:
4881:Solomon Islands
4874:
4872:
4861:
4859:
4848:
4846:
4835:
4833:
4822:
4820:
4809:
4807:
4796:
4794:
4783:
4781:
4770:
4768:
4757:
4755:
4744:
4742:
4731:
4729:
4718:
4716:
4705:
4703:
4692:
4690:
4679:
4677:
4666:
4664:
4653:
4651:
4640:
4638:
4627:
4625:
4614:
4612:
4601:
4599:
4588:
4586:
4575:
4573:
4562:
4560:
4556:North Macedonia
4549:
4547:
4536:
4534:
4523:
4521:
4510:
4508:
4497:
4495:
4484:
4482:
4471:
4469:
4458:
4456:
4445:
4443:
4432:
4430:
4419:
4417:
4406:
4404:
4393:
4391:
4380:
4378:
4367:
4365:
4354:
4352:
4341:
4339:
4328:
4326:
4315:
4313:
4302:
4300:
4289:
4287:
4276:
4274:
4263:
4261:
4250:
4248:
4237:
4235:
4224:
4222:
4211:
4209:
4198:
4196:
4185:
4183:
4172:
4170:
4159:
4157:
4146:
4144:
4133:
4131:
4120:
4118:
4107:
4105:
4094:
4092:
4081:
4079:
4068:
4066:
4055:
4053:
4042:
4040:
4029:
4027:
4016:
4014:
4003:
4001:
3990:
3988:
3977:
3975:
3964:
3962:
3951:
3949:
3938:
3936:
3925:
3923:
3912:
3910:
3899:
3897:
3886:
3884:
3873:
3871:
3860:
3858:
3847:
3845:
3834:
3832:
3821:
3819:
3808:
3806:
3795:
3793:
3782:
3780:
3769:
3767:
3756:
3754:
3743:
3741:
3730:
3728:
3717:
3715:
3704:
3702:
3691:
3689:
3678:
3676:
3665:
3663:
3652:
3650:
3639:
3637:
3626:
3624:
3613:
3611:
3600:
3598:
3587:
3585:
3574:
3572:
3561:
3559:
3548:
3546:
3535:
3533:
3522:
3520:
3509:
3507:
3496:
3494:
3483:
3481:
3470:
3468:
3457:
3455:
3444:
3442:
3431:
3429:
3418:
3416:
3405:
3403:
3392:
3390:
3379:
3377:
3366:
3364:
3353:
3351:
3340:
3338:
3327:
3325:
3314:
3312:
3301:
3299:
3288:
3286:
3275:
3273:
3262:
3260:
3249:
3247:
3236:
3231:
3190:
3174:food insecurity
3149:
3089:
3087:Poor governance
3054:family planning
3030:
3024:
2970:gender equality
2954:Emmanuel Macron
2946:donor countries
2914:
2895:climate justice
2827:
2822:
2808:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2477:
2474:
2400:Water pollution
2367:
2365:Water pollution
2362:
2313:
2305:Main articles:
2292:
2273:open defecation
2254:
2244:
2222:water pollution
2143:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2066:child mortality
2058:life expectancy
2054:
2018:sexual violence
1942:
1936:
1886:
1880:
1837:High levels of
1816:
1731:Property Rights
1586:
1520:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1390:
1370:
1368:
1345:
1343:
1324:
1307:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1202:. According to
1168:
1157:neo-imperialism
1145:
1139:
1111:
1063:and founder of
1011:
1009:Development aid
1005:
959:
947:tertiary sector
889:life expectancy
867:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
763:
762:
758:
756:
749:
747:
740:
733:
692:
666:
624:
531:capital markets
527:
474:
465:
441:Development aid
408:child mortality
369:family planning
341:sex trafficking
289:substance abuse
273:extreme poverty
242:open defecation
238:water pollution
199:"us" and "them"
144:industrial base
140:sovereign state
130:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
94: Very high
91:
66:
65:
61:
59:
52:
50:
46:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13121:
13111:
13110:
13105:
13100:
13095:
13090:
13085:
13080:
13075:
13070:
13065:
13060:
13043:
13042:
13040:
13039:
13034:
13029:
13024:
13023:
13022:
13017:
13012:
13002:
12996:
12994:
12987:
12984:
12983:
12981:
12980:
12975:
12970:
12965:
12960:
12955:
12950:
12945:
12940:
12935:
12930:
12925:
12920:
12915:
12910:
12905:
12900:
12895:
12890:
12885:
12880:
12875:
12870:
12865:
12859:
12857:
12852:
12849:
12848:
12846:
12845:
12840:
12835:
12830:
12829:
12828:
12818:
12817:
12816:
12805:
12803:
12797:
12796:
12794:
12793:
12788:
12783:
12778:
12773:
12768:
12763:
12758:
12753:
12748:
12743:
12737:
12735:
12728:
12725:
12724:
12722:
12721:
12716:
12711:
12706:
12701:
12696:
12691:
12686:
12681:
12676:
12670:
12668:
12664:
12663:
12660:
12659:
12657:
12656:
12651:
12643:
12630:
12628:
12622:
12621:
12619:
12618:
12613:
12608:
12607:
12606:
12601:
12596:
12586:
12581:
12579:Neocolonialism
12576:
12571:
12569:Decolonization
12565:
12559:
12553:
12552:
12549:
12548:
12546:
12545:
12540:
12535:
12530:
12524:
12522:
12516:
12515:
12513:
12512:
12507:
12502:
12496:
12494:
12490:
12489:
12487:
12486:
12481:
12476:
12470:
12468:
12459:
12453:
12452:
12449:Third Worldism
12441:
12440:
12433:
12426:
12418:
12409:
12408:
12406:
12405:
12393:
12380:
12377:
12376:
12374:
12373:
12368:
12362:
12360:
12351:
12350:
12348:
12347:
12342:
12337:
12332:
12326:
12324:
12322:Digital divide
12318:
12317:
12315:
12314:
12309:
12304:
12299:
12294:
12289:
12288:
12287:
12282:
12277:
12266:
12264:
12258:
12257:
12255:
12254:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12228:
12226:
12219:
12218:
12216:
12215:
12210:
12209:
12208:
12197:
12195:
12189:
12188:
12186:
12185:
12184:
12183:
12178:
12173:
12163:
12158:
12153:
12152:
12151:
12140:
12138:
12132:
12131:
12129:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12116:PPP per capita
12113:
12108:
12102:
12100:
12093:
12092:
12089:
12088:
12086:
12085:
12084:
12083:
12078:
12073:
12072:
12071:
12055:
12053:
12044:
12043:
12041:
12040:
12039:
12038:
12033:
12032:
12031:
12015:
12013:
12004:
11997:
11996:
11994:
11993:
11988:
11983:
11978:
11972:
11970:
11964:
11963:
11961:
11960:
11955:
11950:
11945:
11940:
11935:
11929:
11926:
11925:
11920:
11919:
11912:
11905:
11897:
11891:
11890:
11874:
11873:
11868:
11862:
11861:
11850:
11849:
11847:
11846:External links
11844:
11843:
11842:
11836:
11820:
11817:
11814:
11813:
11770:
11740:
11705:
11673:
11643:
11613:
11581:
11549:
11517:
11490:
11455:
11423:
11391:
11359:
11338:
11297:
11271:
11245:
11219:
11189:
11159:
11140:
11087:
11055:
11041:
11014:
10984:
10954:
10944:Foreign Policy
10930:
10900:
10882:
10865:The Daily Star
10851:
10820:
10785:
10765:
10724:
10688:
10662:
10640:
10617:
10595:
10565:
10550:
10527:
10494:
10474:
10455:
10424:
10406:
10373:
10348:
10313:
10264:
10232:
10197:
10176:(9): 1078–92.
10156:
10130:
10104:
10087:New York Times
10073:
10053:
10025:
9995:
9976:
9950:
9931:
9912:
9885:(6103): 47–8.
9869:
9852:The World Bank
9835:
9810:
9799:on 2 July 2015
9780:
9769:on 3 July 2015
9750:
9740:
9706:
9674:
9630:
9620:
9613:
9593:
9536:
9491:(1): 161–171.
9471:
9436:
9434:
9433:
9403:
9376:
9338:
9310:
9304:978-0195110326
9303:
9266:
9224:
9188:
9158:
9144:
9125:(4): 519–543.
9107:
9075:
9068:
9050:
9026:
9007:
8972:
8931:
8908:
8878:
8835:
8805:
8774:
8714:
8701:(3): 853–882.
8681:
8666:
8648:
8629:(4): 643–665.
8613:
8594:(3): 365–384.
8578:
8545:
8526:(2): 307–321.
8508:
8501:
8483:
8472:
8466:. p. 13.
8448:
8409:
8365:
8330:
8316:
8289:
8240:
8233:
8213:
8206:
8186:
8155:
8112:
8087:
8069:978-0865719118
8068:
8040:
8033:
8013:
7983:
7946:
7911:Ura K (2009).
7903:
7872:
7842:
7809:
7787:whitehouse.gov
7773:
7744:(2): 191–222.
7728:
7693:
7654:(4): 479–502.
7634:
7602:
7595:
7577:
7570:
7552:
7545:
7524:
7517:
7499:
7469:
7439:
7424:
7395:
7333:
7266:
7233:
7199:
7137:
7095:
7067:10.1086/319235
7061:(5): 675–685.
7038:
6976:
6929:(2): 245–252.
6906:
6839:
6801:
6765:
6746:
6714:
6677:
6659:
6652:
6623:
6593:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6542:
6529:
6519:
6506:
6496:
6482:
6475:
6472:
6471:
6461:
6448:
6438:
6424:
6417:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6332:
6329:
6301:media coverage
6296:
6295:Media coverage
6293:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6272:
6258:
6244:
6230:
6216:
6202:
6188:
6174:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6128:
6115:
6102:
6089:
6076:
6063:
6050:
6037:
6024:
6011:
5998:
5985:
5972:
5958:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5930:
5916:
5897:
5896:
5882:
5868:
5854:
5840:
5826:
5812:
5805:Czech Republic
5794:
5780:
5766:
5752:
5738:
5724:
5710:
5696:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5649:
5646:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5430:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5400:
5397:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5340:
5337:
5336:American Samoa
5334:
5331:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5307:
5294:
5281:
5268:
5248:
5247:
5234:
5221:
5208:
5195:
5182:
5169:
5156:
5143:
5130:
5117:
5104:
5091:
5078:
5065:
5052:
5039:
5026:
5013:
5000:
4987:
4974:
4961:
4948:
4935:
4922:
4909:
4896:
4883:
4870:
4857:
4844:
4831:
4818:
4805:
4792:
4779:
4766:
4753:
4740:
4727:
4714:
4701:
4688:
4675:
4662:
4649:
4636:
4623:
4610:
4597:
4584:
4571:
4558:
4545:
4532:
4519:
4506:
4493:
4480:
4467:
4454:
4441:
4428:
4415:
4402:
4389:
4376:
4363:
4350:
4337:
4324:
4311:
4298:
4285:
4272:
4259:
4246:
4233:
4220:
4207:
4194:
4181:
4168:
4155:
4142:
4129:
4116:
4103:
4090:
4077:
4064:
4051:
4038:
4025:
4012:
3999:
3986:
3973:
3960:
3947:
3934:
3921:
3908:
3895:
3882:
3869:
3856:
3843:
3830:
3817:
3804:
3791:
3778:
3765:
3752:
3739:
3726:
3713:
3700:
3687:
3674:
3661:
3648:
3635:
3622:
3609:
3596:
3583:
3570:
3557:
3544:
3531:
3518:
3505:
3492:
3479:
3466:
3453:
3440:
3427:
3414:
3401:
3388:
3375:
3362:
3349:
3336:
3323:
3310:
3297:
3284:
3271:
3258:
3244:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3208:: Included in
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3189:
3186:
3154:child marriage
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3088:
3085:
3038:fertility rate
3023:
3020:
2985:climate action
2972:, and energy.
2960:) said at the
2913:
2910:
2872:fragile states
2855:sea level rise
2853:, disease and
2826:
2823:
2807:
2806:Climate change
2804:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2450:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2325:climate change
2307:Energy poverty
2291:
2288:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2214:
2209:
2202:drinking water
2198:
2191:
2160:stunted growth
2148:Undernutrition
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2085:, such as the
2079:vaccine equity
2077:, even though
2053:
2050:
2039:Data from the
2032:and acquiring
1938:Main article:
1935:
1932:
1882:Main article:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1853:Human resource
1850:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1706:Undernutrition
1703:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1585:
1582:
1578:BRIC countries
1564:neocolonialism
1544:infrastructure
1540:decolonization
1519:
1516:
1504:Patrick Heller
1485:decolonization
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1369:
1344:
1323:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1286:industrialized
1252:health systems
1196:socioeconomics
1169:
1161:
1141:Main article:
1138:
1135:
1110:
1107:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
989:
979:
976:wealthy states
969:
958:
955:
908:decolonization
883:(per person),
866:
865:
859:
857:
851:
849:
843:
841:
835:
833:
827:
825:
819:
817:
811:
809:
803:
801:
795:
793:
787:
785:
779:
776:
757:
748:
739:
732:
729:
691:
688:
687:
686:
682:
673:
665:
662:
661:
660:
650:
623:
620:
571:
570:
569:
568:
562:
557:
552:
544:
526:
523:
514:
513:
503:
500:
497:
473:
470:
464:
461:
457:United Nations
301:civil disorder
297:overpopulation
254:infrastructure
222:energy poverty
210:drinking water
129:
128:
122:
120:
114:
112:
106:
104:
98:
96:
90:
87:
60:
51:
45:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13120:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13101:
13099:
13096:
13094:
13091:
13089:
13086:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13074:
13071:
13069:
13066:
13064:
13061:
13059:
13056:
13055:
13053:
13038:
13035:
13033:
13030:
13028:
13025:
13021:
13018:
13016:
13013:
13011:
13008:
13007:
13006:
13003:
13001:
13000:Brandt Report
12998:
12997:
12995:
12992:
12985:
12979:
12976:
12974:
12971:
12969:
12966:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12949:
12946:
12944:
12941:
12939:
12936:
12934:
12931:
12929:
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12918:African Union
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12884:
12881:
12879:
12876:
12874:
12871:
12869:
12866:
12864:
12861:
12860:
12858:
12853:Organizations
12850:
12844:
12841:
12839:
12836:
12834:
12831:
12827:
12824:
12823:
12822:
12819:
12815:
12812:
12811:
12810:
12809:Generic drugs
12807:
12806:
12804:
12802:
12801:Public health
12798:
12792:
12789:
12787:
12784:
12782:
12779:
12777:
12774:
12772:
12769:
12767:
12764:
12762:
12759:
12757:
12754:
12752:
12749:
12747:
12744:
12742:
12739:
12738:
12736:
12733:
12726:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12707:
12705:
12702:
12700:
12697:
12695:
12692:
12690:
12687:
12685:
12682:
12680:
12677:
12675:
12672:
12671:
12669:
12665:
12655:
12652:
12650:
12644:
12642:
12635:
12632:
12631:
12629:
12627:
12623:
12617:
12614:
12612:
12611:Globalization
12609:
12605:
12602:
12600:
12597:
12595:
12592:
12591:
12590:
12587:
12585:
12584:Multipolarity
12582:
12580:
12577:
12575:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12566:
12563:
12560:
12558:
12554:
12544:
12541:
12539:
12536:
12534:
12531:
12529:
12526:
12525:
12523:
12521:
12520:Worlds theory
12517:
12511:
12508:
12506:
12503:
12501:
12498:
12497:
12495:
12491:
12485:
12482:
12480:
12477:
12475:
12472:
12471:
12469:
12467:
12463:
12460:
12458:
12454:
12450:
12446:
12439:
12434:
12432:
12427:
12425:
12420:
12419:
12416:
12404:
12399:
12394:
12392:
12387:
12382:
12381:
12378:
12372:
12369:
12367:
12364:
12363:
12361:
12358:
12352:
12346:
12343:
12341:
12338:
12336:
12333:
12331:
12328:
12327:
12325:
12323:
12319:
12313:
12310:
12308:
12305:
12303:
12300:
12298:
12295:
12293:
12290:
12286:
12283:
12281:
12278:
12276:
12273:
12272:
12271:
12268:
12267:
12265:
12263:
12259:
12253:
12250:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12229:
12227:
12225:
12220:
12214:
12211:
12207:
12204:
12203:
12202:
12199:
12198:
12196:
12194:
12190:
12182:
12181:United States
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12168:
12167:
12166:Minimum wages
12164:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12150:
12147:
12146:
12145:
12142:
12141:
12139:
12137:
12133:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12103:
12101:
12098:
12094:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12070:
12067:
12066:
12065:
12062:
12061:
12060:
12057:
12056:
12054:
12051:
12045:
12037:
12034:
12030:
12027:
12026:
12025:
12022:
12021:
12020:
12017:
12016:
12014:
12012:
12008:
12005:
12002:
11998:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11973:
11971:
11969:
11965:
11959:
11956:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11944:
11941:
11939:
11936:
11934:
11931:
11930:
11927:
11918:
11913:
11911:
11906:
11904:
11899:
11898:
11895:
11888:
11883:
11879:
11878:
11872:
11869:
11867:
11864:
11863:
11858:
11853:
11839:
11833:
11829:
11828:
11823:
11822:
11801:
11797:
11793:
11790:(11): 44–46.
11789:
11785:
11781:
11774:
11758:
11754:
11750:
11744:
11725:
11718:
11712:
11710:
11690:
11683:
11677:
11661:
11657:
11653:
11647:
11631:
11627:
11623:
11617:
11598:
11591:
11585:
11566:
11559:
11553:
11534:
11527:
11521:
11505:
11501:
11494:
11475:
11468:
11462:
11460:
11440:
11433:
11427:
11408:
11401:
11395:
11376:
11369:
11363:
11356:
11352:
11348:
11342:
11323:
11316:
11310:
11308:
11306:
11304:
11302:
11285:
11281:
11275:
11259:
11255:
11249:
11233:
11229:
11223:
11207:
11203:
11199:
11193:
11177:
11173:
11169:
11163:
11155:
11151:
11144:
11128:
11124:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11107:(2): 419–47.
11106:
11102:
11098:
11091:
11072:
11065:
11059:
11050:
11048:
11046:
11029:
11025:
11018:
11002:
10998:
10994:
10988:
10972:
10968:
10964:
10958:
10950:
10946:
10945:
10940:
10934:
10918:
10914:
10910:
10904:
10896:
10892:
10886:
10870:
10866:
10862:
10855:
10839:
10835:
10831:
10824:
10816:
10812:
10808:
10804:
10800:
10796:
10789:
10782:
10778:
10775:
10769:
10762:
10746:
10742:
10735:
10728:
10709:
10702:
10695:
10693:
10685:
10684:
10679:
10675:
10672:
10666:
10647:
10643:
10637:
10630:
10629:
10621:
10613:
10609:
10605:
10599:
10583:
10579:
10575:
10569:
10561:
10557:
10553:
10551:9788461605675
10547:
10543:
10536:
10534:
10532:
10515:
10511:
10507:
10501:
10499:
10491:
10487:
10484:
10478:
10472:
10468:
10465:
10459:
10443:
10439:
10433:
10431:
10429:
10413:
10409:
10403:
10399:
10395:
10391:
10387:
10380:
10378:
10362:
10358:
10352:
10336:
10332:
10328:
10324:
10317:
10309:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10291:
10287:
10283:
10279:
10275:
10268:
10249:
10242:
10236:
10220:
10216:
10212:
10208:
10201:
10193:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10175:
10171:
10167:
10160:
10144:
10140:
10134:
10118:
10114:
10108:
10092:
10088:
10084:
10077:
10070:
10066:
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9155:. UN-Habitat.
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8989:. UNHABITAT.
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8327:. unctad.org.
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6789:
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6781:
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6753:
6749:
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6729:
6728:Rosling, Hans
6723:
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6702:
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6694:
6688:
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6673:
6669:
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6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6328:
6324:
6322:
6318:
6317:socioeconomic
6314:
6310:
6306:
6302:
6284:
6273:
6270:
6259:
6256:
6245:
6242:
6231:
6228:
6217:
6214:
6203:
6200:
6189:
6186:
6175:
6172:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6140:
6129:
6127:
6116:
6114:
6103:
6101:
6090:
6088:
6077:
6075:
6064:
6062:
6051:
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6038:
6036:
6025:
6023:
6012:
6010:
5999:
5997:
5986:
5984:
5973:
5971:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5942:
5931:
5928:
5917:
5914:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5894:
5883:
5880:
5869:
5866:
5855:
5852:
5841:
5838:
5827:
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5806:
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5792:
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5778:
5767:
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5753:
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5711:
5708:
5697:
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5563:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5531:Côte d'Ivoire
5530:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5488:
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5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5467:
5464:
5461:
5458:
5455:
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5446:
5443:
5440:
5437:
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5407:
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5356:
5353:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5319:
5318:South Ossetia
5308:
5306:
5295:
5293:
5282:
5280:
5269:
5267:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5253:
5246:
5235:
5233:
5222:
5220:
5209:
5207:
5196:
5194:
5183:
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5170:
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5157:
5155:
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5118:
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5092:
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4908:
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4778:
4767:
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4741:
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4728:
4726:
4715:
4713:
4702:
4700:
4689:
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4676:
4674:
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4661:
4650:
4648:
4637:
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4624:
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4609:
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4572:
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4479:
4468:
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4455:
4453:
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4429:
4427:
4416:
4414:
4403:
4401:
4390:
4388:
4377:
4375:
4364:
4362:
4351:
4349:
4338:
4336:
4325:
4323:
4312:
4310:
4299:
4297:
4286:
4284:
4273:
4271:
4260:
4258:
4247:
4245:
4234:
4232:
4221:
4219:
4208:
4206:
4195:
4193:
4182:
4180:
4169:
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4156:
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4130:
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4091:
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4078:
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4039:
4037:
4026:
4024:
4013:
4011:
4000:
3998:
3987:
3985:
3974:
3972:
3971:Guinea-Bissau
3961:
3959:
3948:
3946:
3935:
3933:
3922:
3920:
3909:
3907:
3896:
3894:
3883:
3881:
3870:
3868:
3857:
3855:
3844:
3842:
3831:
3829:
3818:
3816:
3805:
3803:
3792:
3790:
3779:
3777:
3766:
3764:
3753:
3751:
3740:
3738:
3727:
3725:
3714:
3712:
3701:
3699:
3688:
3686:
3675:
3673:
3662:
3660:
3649:
3647:
3636:
3634:
3623:
3621:
3610:
3608:
3597:
3595:
3584:
3582:
3571:
3569:
3558:
3556:
3545:
3543:
3532:
3530:
3519:
3517:
3506:
3504:
3493:
3491:
3480:
3478:
3467:
3465:
3454:
3452:
3441:
3439:
3428:
3426:
3415:
3413:
3402:
3400:
3389:
3387:
3376:
3374:
3363:
3361:
3350:
3348:
3337:
3335:
3324:
3322:
3311:
3309:
3298:
3296:
3285:
3283:
3272:
3270:
3259:
3257:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3229:Country lists
3223:
3219:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3206:Aid for Trade
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3193:Human Capital
3192:
3191:
3188:Opportunities
3185:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3166:civil service
3163:
3159:
3155:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3067:in Mali, the
3066:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2930:world economy
2927:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:failed states
2873:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2831:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:United States
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2379:air pollution
2376:
2375:Yangtze River
2371:
2357:
2355:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2321:deforestation
2318:
2312:
2308:
2300:
2299:Solar cookers
2296:
2287:
2285:
2282:is one of 17
2281:
2277:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2218:air pollution
2215:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:breastfeeding
2149:
2142: No data
2099:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2004:According to
1998:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1980:globalization
1977:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:Honor killing
1959:
1958:Acid throwing
1955:
1946:
1941:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1920:ghettoization
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1888:According to
1885:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1828:globalisation
1825:
1824:global issues
1813:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1721:Human capital
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:South America
1623:
1621:
1620:North America
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1558:
1557:Western world
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1524:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:", while the
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:United States
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1341:United States
1338:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1305:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:lower incomes
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:Related terms
1106:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:In 2015, the
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:Jeffrey Sachs
1046:
1041:
1039:
1038:Walter Rodney
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1010:
997:
993:
990:
987:
983:
980:
977:
973:
970:
967:
964:
963:
962:
954:
952:
948:
944:
943:manufacturing
940:
935:
933:
929:
928:social change
925:
924:modernization
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
863: No data
858:
850:
842:
834:
826:
818:
810:
802:
794:
786:
778:
777:
774:
769:
755:
746:
737:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
683:
681:
677:
674:
671:
668:
667:
658:
654:
651:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
629:
628:
627:
619:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
545:
543:
539:
536:
535:
534:
532:
522:
520:
511:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
494:
493:
491:
487:
478:
469:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:, widespread
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:air pollution
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
126: No data
121:
113:
105:
97:
89:
88:
85:
80:
74:
70:
58:
43:
34:
30:
19:
12978:South Centre
12933:Colombo Plan
12543:Fourth World
12533:Second World
12465:
12457:Global South
12144:Average wage
12050:power parity
11991:Fourth World
11981:Second World
11937:
11889:at Wikiquote
11856:
11826:
11804:. Retrieved
11787:
11783:
11773:
11761:. Retrieved
11752:
11743:
11731:. Retrieved
11696:. Retrieved
11676:
11664:. Retrieved
11655:
11646:
11636:21 September
11634:. Retrieved
11625:
11616:
11604:. Retrieved
11584:
11572:. Retrieved
11552:
11540:. Retrieved
11520:
11508:. Retrieved
11493:
11481:. Retrieved
11446:. Retrieved
11426:
11414:. Retrieved
11394:
11382:. Retrieved
11362:
11341:
11329:. Retrieved
11288:. Retrieved
11274:
11262:. Retrieved
11248:
11236:. Retrieved
11222:
11212:25 September
11210:. Retrieved
11201:
11192:
11182:24 September
11180:. Retrieved
11172:www.oecd.org
11171:
11162:
11153:
11149:
11143:
11131:. Retrieved
11104:
11100:
11090:
11078:. Retrieved
11058:
11032:. Retrieved
11017:
11005:. Retrieved
10996:
10987:
10975:. Retrieved
10966:
10957:
10942:
10933:
10921:. Retrieved
10912:
10903:
10894:
10885:
10873:. Retrieved
10864:
10854:
10842:. Retrieved
10833:
10823:
10798:
10788:
10768:
10752:, retrieved
10740:
10727:
10715:. Retrieved
10683:The Guardian
10681:
10665:
10653:. Retrieved
10646:the original
10627:
10620:
10612:the original
10607:
10598:
10586:. Retrieved
10577:
10568:
10541:
10518:. Retrieved
10509:
10477:
10458:
10446:. Retrieved
10442:the original
10416:, retrieved
10389:
10364:. Retrieved
10360:
10351:
10339:. Retrieved
10330:
10327:S.A.P.I.EN.S
10326:
10316:
10281:
10277:
10267:
10255:. Retrieved
10235:
10223:. Retrieved
10214:
10211:S.A.P.I.EN.S
10210:
10200:
10173:
10169:
10159:
10147:. Retrieved
10133:
10121:. Retrieved
10107:
10095:. Retrieved
10086:
10076:
10056:
10045:the original
10040:
10028:
10016:. Retrieved
10012:the original
9990:the original
9979:
9967:. Retrieved
9963:the original
9953:
9934:
9915:
9882:
9878:
9872:
9860:. Retrieved
9847:
9838:
9801:. Retrieved
9797:the original
9792:
9783:
9771:. Retrieved
9767:the original
9762:
9753:
9743:
9731:. Retrieved
9718:
9709:
9697:. Retrieved
9690:the original
9677:
9644:
9640:
9633:
9623:
9603:
9596:
9556:(1): 55–64.
9553:
9549:
9539:
9488:
9484:
9474:
9464:26 September
9462:. Retrieved
9453:
9425:. Retrieved
9411:
9395:. Retrieved
9384:
9368:. Retrieved
9359:The Guardian
9357:
9345:
9341:
9329:. Retrieved
9319:
9313:
9288:
9269:
9257:. Retrieved
9250:the original
9237:
9227:
9215:. Retrieved
9208:the original
9191:
9179:. Retrieved
9175:the original
9170:
9161:
9152:
9147:
9122:
9116:
9110:
9100:16 September
9098:. Retrieved
9091:the original
9078:
9059:
9053:
9042:the original
9029:
9010:
8998:. Retrieved
8951:(88): 1–17.
8948:
8944:
8934:
8899:. Retrieved
8881:
8848:
8844:
8838:
8826:. Retrieved
8817:
8808:
8796:. Retrieved
8788:The Guardian
8787:
8777:
8767:23 September
8765:. Retrieved
8737:
8733:
8698:
8694:
8684:
8657:
8651:
8626:
8622:
8616:
8591:
8587:
8581:
8569:. Retrieved
8558:
8548:
8523:
8517:
8511:
8492:
8486:
8478:Google Books
8476:– via
8458:
8451:
8442:
8422:
8418:
8412:
8400:. Retrieved
8382:. Retrieved
8378:the original
8368:
8359:
8319:
8310:
8306:
8260:(1): 12–13.
8257:
8253:
8243:
8223:
8216:
8196:
8189:
8177:. Retrieved
8158:
8146:. Retrieved
8129:
8125:
8115:
8103:. Retrieved
8099:
8090:
8078:. Retrieved
8058:
8023:
8016:
8004:. Retrieved
7986:
7974:. Retrieved
7959:
7956:
7949:
7939:17 September
7937:. Retrieved
7913:
7906:
7894:. Retrieved
7885:
7875:
7863:. Retrieved
7854:
7845:
7835:21 September
7833:. Retrieved
7824:
7802:– via
7796:. Retrieved
7785:
7776:
7741:
7737:
7731:
7706:
7702:
7696:
7671:10419/199382
7651:
7647:
7637:
7625:. Retrieved
7614:
7605:
7586:
7580:
7561:
7555:
7536:
7527:
7508:
7502:
7490:. Retrieved
7481:
7472:
7460:. Retrieved
7451:
7442:
7407:
7398:
7358:(1): 20281.
7355:
7351:
7324:. Retrieved
7286:
7282:
7257:. Retrieved
7248:
7224:. Retrieved
7215:
7157:
7153:
7128:. Retrieved
7111:
7086:. Retrieved
7058:
7054:
6996:
6992:
6967:. Retrieved
6926:
6922:
6897:. Retrieved
6877:10419/145149
6859:
6855:
6832:23 September
6830:. Retrieved
6826:the original
6821:
6817:
6792:. Retrieved
6783:
6756:. Retrieved
6736:
6705:. Retrieved
6696:
6672:the original
6662:
6637:
6632:O'Sullivan A
6626:
6596:
6584:. Retrieved
6570:
6547:
6533:
6524:
6510:
6501:
6487:
6478:
6466:
6452:
6443:
6429:
6420:
6325:
6298:
6285:(since 2024)
6271:(since 2024)
6257:(since 2024)
6243:(since 2024)
6229:(since 2010)
6227:South Africa
6215:(since 2006)
6201:(since 2006)
6187:(since 2006)
6173:(since 2006)
6149:
6061:South Africa
5951:
5943:(since 2016)
5929:(since 2016)
5915:(since 2012)
5898:
5895:(since 2023)
5881:(since 2021)
5867:(since 2015)
5853:(since 2014)
5839:(since 2011)
5825:(since 2009)
5793:(since 2008)
5779:(since 2007)
5765:(since 2001)
5751:(since 1997)
5737:(since 1997)
5723:(since 1997)
5709:(since 1997)
5695:(since 1997)
5663:
5486:Turkmenistan
5465:South Africa
5251:
5250:
5089:Turkmenistan
4907:South Africa
4868:Sierra Leone
4816:Saudi Arabia
3542:Burkina Faso
3237:
3182:unemployment
3158:indebtedness
3150:
3109:
3095:such as the
3090:
3059:The violent
3058:
3043:
3009:
3005:storm surges
2989:
2974:
2915:
2903:
2891:habitat loss
2884:
2859:
2836:
2800:
2796:
2792:crop residue
2774:
2442:
2438:
2420:
2409:
2398:
2351:
2343:
2339:fossil fuels
2333:
2314:
2278:
2270:
2255:
2184:tuberculosis
2169:
2146:
2055:
2045:North Africa
2038:
2003:
1984:
1974:
1951:
1928:
1912:unemployment
1901:
1898:
1887:
1832:
1821:
1769:Publications
1736:Microfinance
1572:
1561:
1536:independence
1533:
1508:
1474:
1459:Second World
1439:Soviet Union
1366:Soviet Union
1354:Eastern Bloc
1350:Second World
1333:Western Bloc
1316:Three Worlds
1192:Global North
1190:
1149:Global South
1146:
1143:Global South
1137:Global South
1112:
1091:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1056:Hans Rosling
1042:
1035:
1012:
960:
936:
905:
887:per capita,
870:
693:
625:
622:By geography
607:Turkmenistan
587:Soviet Union
572:
528:
515:
508:(similar to
490:Atlas method
483:
466:
439:
428:
393:
293:prostitution
285:homelessness
281:malnutrition
277:child labour
261:unemployment
258:
207:
203:Global South
196:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:and a lower
135:
133:
110: Medium
29:
12989:North–South
12732:development
12557:Geopolitics
12538:Third World
12528:First World
12466:Development
12111:Real income
12048:Purchasing
11986:Third World
11976:First World
11819:Works cited
11763:21 February
11656:www.imf.org
11626:www.imf.org
11080:16 February
10875:30 November
10844:30 November
10418:30 November
10149:11 February
10123:11 February
9803:17 November
9793:www.who.int
9773:17 November
9259:18 November
8425:: 150–160.
8080:26 February
7462:12 February
6352:Land reform
6337:Colonialism
6158:countries:
6048:Philippines
5941:Puerto Rico
5735:South Korea
5633:Timor-Leste
5609:Philippines
5540:El Salvador
5528:Congo, Rep.
5292:North Korea
4920:South Sudan
4764:Saint Lucia
4673:Philippines
4088:Ivory Coast
3802:El Salvador
3256:Afghanistan
3046:birth rates
2680:Philippines
2655:New Zealand
2560:El Salvador
2485:Afghanistan
2354:solar power
2208:and hygiene
2041:Middle East
1970:bride price
1914:, poverty,
1878:Urban slums
1501:sociologist
1497:citizenship
1451:North Korea
1435:First World
1427:South Korea
1407:Warsaw Pact
1395:Third World
1375:Third World
1358:Warsaw Pact
1329:First World
1304:Third World
1297:Third World
1290:colonialism
1282:Third World
1232:New Zealand
1226:(excluding
1220:South Korea
1153:colonialism
1079:euphemistic
996:development
449:development
431:median ages
389:rule of law
13088:Euphemisms
13052:Categories
13027:Fair trade
13015:World Bank
12855:and groups
12814:biosimilar
12604:Durban III
12275:by country
12076:per capita
12069:per capita
12059:By country
12036:per capita
12029:per capita
12019:By country
11542:15 January
11510:22 January
11483:15 January
11448:15 January
11416:15 January
11384:15 January
11331:15 January
10997:Al-Jazeera
10759:, p. 109,
10655:11 October
10366:12 January
9862:15 October
9283:Nussbaum M
9275:Nussbaum M
8918:UN-OHRLLS
8676:1143614574
8444:countries)
8384:18 October
8148:10 January
7855:www.un.org
7751:1707.06603
7533:Guillén MF
7492:10 January
7283:Demography
7216:World Bank
6999:(1): 202.
6562:References
6305:mass media
5913:San Marino
5809:World Bank
5642:Uzbekistan
5627:Tajikistan
5582:Mauritania
5516:Cabo Verde
5504:Bangladesh
5441:Montenegro
5414:Kazakhstan
5369:Costa Rica
5345:Azerbaijan
5167:Uzbekistan
4985:Tajikistan
4855:Seychelles
4452:Mozambique
4426:Montenegro
4348:Mauritania
4270:Madagascar
4192:Kyrgyzstan
4127:Kazakhstan
3893:The Gambia
3763:East Timor
3711:Costa Rica
3594:Cape Verde
3386:Bangladesh
3347:Azerbaijan
3178:illiteracy
3112:corruption
3105:oligarchic
3040:as of 2020
3026:See also:
3012:Bangladesh
2996:World Bank
2745:Uzbekistan
2610:Kazakhstan
2505:Bangladesh
2430:Xi Jinping
2423:leadership
2235:healthcare
2206:sanitation
1890:UN-Habitat
1784:Economists
1774:Categories
1574:Coalitions
1534:Following
1393:The term "
1387:Yugoslavia
1147:The term "
1094:World Bank
881:per capita
773:per capita
771:GDP (PPP)
723:, and the
603:Tajikistan
599:Kyrgyzstan
595:Uzbekistan
591:Kazakhstan
396:healthcare
394:Access to
385:corruption
371:services,
349:kidnapping
307:, a large
214:sanitation
168:World Bank
102: High
12826:criticism
12730:Trade and
12599:Durban II
11796:207594362
10815:0028-0836
10560:828337356
9907:206541473
9733:4 October
9588:238747462
9572:0066-4219
9515:0077-8923
9346:Citations
9331:8 October
9000:4 October
8967:237827555
8754:156462246
8643:154320311
8540:162982648
8464:Routledge
8439:228984747
8361:included.
8179:6 October
7723:155046265
7680:1467-7679
7452:Data Blog
7434:2412-138X
7303:0070-3370
7176:2054-958X
7160:(1): 19.
7015:1475-9276
6943:0021-9320
6894:149648133
6886:0038-4941
6784:Data Blog
6612:2018 list
6393:Singapore
6385:Hong Kong
6383:Although
6113:Argentina
6009:Indonesia
5865:Lithuania
5721:Singapore
5693:Hong Kong
5624:Sri Lanka
5597:Nicaragua
5468:St. Lucia
5432:Mauritius
5405:Indonesia
5399:Guatemala
5339:Argentina
5193:Venezuela
4933:Sri Lanka
4608:Palestine
4517:Nicaragua
4361:Mauritius
4049:Indonesia
3945:Guatemala
3321:Argentina
3202:Education
3050:fecundity
2992:migration
2934:fisheries
2750:Venezuela
2705:Sri Lanka
2700:Singapore
2660:Nicaragua
2595:Indonesia
2575:Guatemala
2500:Australia
2360:Pollution
2083:pandemics
1857:nutrition
1726:Education
1511:migration
1481:democracy
1381:, led by
1318:" of the
1228:Australia
1052:developed
1045:economist
721:Singapore
705:Hong Kong
451:. If the
357:education
317:extortion
234:littering
226:pollution
118: Low
12699:BancoSur
12594:Durban I
12574:Cold War
11800:Archived
11792:ProQuest
11757:Archived
11724:Archived
11698:4 August
11689:Archived
11666:17 April
11660:Archived
11630:Archived
11606:11 April
11597:Archived
11565:Archived
11533:Archived
11504:Archived
11474:Archived
11439:Archived
11407:Archived
11375:Archived
11322:Archived
11284:Archived
11258:Archived
11238:17 April
11232:Archived
11206:Archived
11176:Archived
11127:Archived
11123:53981521
11071:Archived
11028:Archived
11007:2 August
11001:Archived
10971:Archived
10949:Archived
10923:2 August
10917:Archived
10913:BBC News
10869:Archived
10838:Archived
10777:Archived
10761:WDR 2010
10754:27 March
10745:archived
10708:Archived
10674:Archived
10582:Archived
10514:Archived
10486:Archived
10467:Archived
10412:archived
10341:30 April
10335:Archived
10308:12417475
10257:28 March
10248:Archived
10225:30 April
10219:Archived
10192:11019457
10143:Archived
10117:Archived
10097:30 April
10091:Archived
10065:Archived
10018:30 April
9969:30 April
9948:pp. 7–9.
9942:Archived
9923:Archived
9899:23042871
9856:Archived
9827:Archived
9727:Archived
9699:23 April
9669:11748341
9661:23746776
9580:34637324
9531:24649523
9523:17954679
9458:Archived
9454:UN Women
9421:Archived
9391:Archived
9364:Archived
9325:Archived
9277:(1999).
9217:6 August
9181:6 August
9139:53972140
9018:Archived
8991:Archived
8923:Archived
8895:Archived
8873:19407349
8865:22765282
8822:Archived
8798:17 March
8792:Archived
8758:Archived
8608:56358607
8565:Archived
8402:10 March
8353:Archived
8284:60907088
8276:41960738
8254:Contexts
8173:Archived
8142:Archived
8105:14 April
8074:Archived
8000:Archived
7967:Archived
7930:Archived
7890:Archived
7865:28 March
7859:Archived
7829:Archived
7792:Archived
7768:32008949
7688:53533671
7621:Archived
7486:Archived
7456:Archived
7390:26848052
7326:14 April
7321:31270780
7259:14 April
7253:Archived
7226:14 April
7220:Archived
7194:29142757
7130:14 April
7124:Archived
7088:14 April
7075:11229834
7033:33168040
6969:14 April
6963:Archived
6959:23505067
6899:14 April
6788:Archived
6752:Archived
6701:Archived
6615:Archived
6604:Archived
6580:Archived
6331:See also
6255:Ethiopia
6074:Thailand
6022:Malaysia
5823:Slovakia
5777:Slovenia
5670:Eurozone
5668:and new
5654:Zimbabwe
5630:Tanzania
5603:Pakistan
5567:Kiribati
5552:Honduras
5543:Eswatini
5534:Djibouti
5522:Cameroon
5519:Cambodia
5477:Thailand
5474:Suriname
5456:Paraguay
5444:Mongolia
5426:Maldives
5423:Malaysia
5375:Dominica
5366:Colombia
5357:Botswana
5266:Abkhazia
5245:Zimbabwe
5011:Thailand
4998:Tanzania
4959:Suriname
4647:Paraguay
4582:Pakistan
4413:Mongolia
4309:Maldives
4296:Malaysia
4153:Kiribati
4010:Honduras
3854:Ethiopia
3737:Dominica
3724:Djibouti
3659:Colombia
3581:Cameroon
3568:Cambodia
3529:Bulgaria
3490:Botswana
3399:Barbados
3116:nepotism
3048:(higher
2784:charcoal
2760:Zimbabwe
2720:Thailand
2670:Paraguay
2665:Pakistan
2645:Mongolia
2585:Honduras
2535:Colombia
2377:causing
2174:Illness/
2163:form of
2075:vaccines
2030:abortion
2006:UN Women
1861:literacy
1764:Journals
1548:industry
1399:Cold War
1320:Cold War
1200:politics
986:theories
611:Mongolia
359:levels,
333:homicide
325:burglary
248:), more
71:and the
12667:Finance
12493:Markets
12011:Nominal
11806:16 July
11733:25 June
11133:10 July
11034:20 June
10977:23 June
10588:10 June
10448:26 June
10299:1241060
10183:2560841
9879:Science
9493:Bibcode
9295:120–121
9285:(ed.).
8901:2 March
8828:1 April
8571:5 March
7896:5 March
7798:1 March
7627:20 July
7381:4742864
7360:Bibcode
7312:6667399
7185:5674830
7024:7654592
6951:2722920
6794:5 March
6758:5 March
6707:5 March
6407:by the
6309:poverty
6100:Vietnam
5893:Croatia
5879:Andorra
5837:Estonia
5648:Vietnam
5645:Vanuatu
5639:Ukraine
5636:Tunisia
5618:Senegal
5600:Nigeria
5591:Myanmar
5588:Morocco
5579:Lesotho
5576:Lebanon
5573:Lao PDR
5525:Comoros
5513:Bolivia
5483:Turkiye
5447:Namibia
5438:Moldova
5408:Jamaica
5396:Grenada
5393:Georgia
5381:Ecuador
5348:Belarus
5342:Armenia
5333:Algeria
5330:Albania
5206:Vietnam
5180:Vanuatu
5154:Uruguay
5128:Ukraine
5063:Tunisia
4894:Somalia
4829:Senegal
4712:Romania
4543:Nigeria
4478:Namibia
4465:Myanmar
4439:Morocco
4400:Moldova
4244:Liberia
4231:Lesotho
4218:Lebanon
4101:Jamaica
4023:Hungary
3932:Grenada
3906:Georgia
3828:Eritrea
3776:Ecuador
3672:Comoros
3555:Burundi
3464:Bolivia
3412:Belarus
3373:Bahrain
3360:Bahamas
3334:Armenia
3282:Algeria
3269:Albania
3215:poverty
2912:Impacts
2901:(COP).
2780:biomass
2755:Vietnam
2740:Uruguay
2630:Liberia
2625:Lebanon
2565:Georgia
2545:Denmark
2540:Croatia
2510:Belgium
2495:Algeria
2490:Albania
2395:, Ghana
2237:systems
2204:, poor
2200:Unsafe
2180:malaria
2176:disease
2165:obesity
1839:poverty
1779:Outline
1701:Poverty
1640:Oceania
1518:Economy
1455:Vietnam
1405:or the
1356:(i.e.,
1335:(i.e.,
1266:or the
1246:, high
1244:poverty
1224:Oceania
1222:), and
916:Marxism
775:in 2024
609:); and
422:or low
375:, many
355:), low
321:robbery
315:rates (
311:, high
265:poverty
218:hygiene
12991:divide
12638:BASIC
12359:(NIIP)
12222:Other
12206:Europe
12193:Wealth
12176:Europe
12171:Canada
12149:Europe
11854:about
11834:
11794:
11574:21 May
11353:. See
11290:25 May
11264:25 May
11121:
10813:
10799:Nature
10717:20 May
10638:
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10548:
10404:
10306:
10296:
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9233:UNICEF
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8031:
8006:13 May
7976:12 May
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6549:south.
6540:
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5763:Cyprus
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5707:Israel
5704:
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5510:Bhutan
5501:Angola
5489:Tuvalu
5462:Serbia
5435:Mexico
5417:Kosovo
5411:Jordan
5402:Guyana
5360:Brazil
5351:Belize
5315:
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3147:Others
3075:, and
3063:, the
2818:, and
2790:, and
2730:Uganda
2725:Turkey
2715:Taiwan
2695:Serbia
2690:Russia
2685:Poland
2640:Mexico
2620:Kuwait
2520:Canada
2515:Brazil
2290:Energy
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2100:, 2020
1716:Labour
1635:Europe
1615:Africa
1553:rubber
1528:wealth
1419:Taiwan
1415:Canada
1409:. The
1377:: The
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1212:Israel
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1027:Bhutan
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750:
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701:Brunei
329:murder
269:hunger
228:(e.g.
158:) and
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12626:BRICS
12136:Wages
12099:(GNI)
12052:(PPP)
12003:(GDP)
11727:(PDF)
11720:(PDF)
11692:(PDF)
11685:(PDF)
11600:(PDF)
11593:(PDF)
11568:(PDF)
11561:(PDF)
11536:(PDF)
11529:(PDF)
11477:(PDF)
11470:(PDF)
11442:(PDF)
11435:(PDF)
11410:(PDF)
11403:(PDF)
11378:(PDF)
11371:(PDF)
11325:(PDF)
11318:(PDF)
11119:S2CID
11074:(PDF)
11067:(PDF)
10748:(PDF)
10737:(PDF)
10711:(PDF)
10704:(PDF)
10649:(PDF)
10632:(PDF)
10520:4 May
10333:(1).
10251:(PDF)
10244:(PDF)
10217:(1).
10048:(PDF)
10041:CHNRI
10037:(PDF)
9929:p. 3.
9903:S2CID
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9665:S2CID
9628:2014.
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9427:9 May
9407:UNFPA
9397:9 May
9370:9 May
9281:. In
9253:(PDF)
9242:(PDF)
9211:(PDF)
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9135:S2CID
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8963:S2CID
8869:S2CID
8761:(PDF)
8750:S2CID
8730:(PDF)
8639:S2CID
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8536:S2CID
8435:S2CID
8396:(PDF)
8356:(PDF)
8349:(PDF)
8280:S2CID
8272:JSTOR
7970:(PDF)
7963:(PDF)
7933:(PDF)
7918:(PDF)
7764:S2CID
7746:arXiv
7719:S2CID
7684:S2CID
7079:S2CID
6955:S2CID
6890:S2CID
6389:Macau
6368:Notes
6313:South
6241:Egypt
6213:China
6199:India
6156:BRICS
6126:Chile
5996:India
5983:China
5927:Macau
5791:Malta
5612:Samoa
5594:Nepal
5564:Kenya
5555:India
5549:Haiti
5546:Ghana
5507:Benin
5480:Tonga
5453:Palau
5420:Libya
5390:Gabon
5363:China
5219:Yemen
5037:Tonga
4972:Syria
4946:Sudan
4790:Samoa
4699:Qatar
4595:Palau
4530:Niger
4504:Nepal
4491:Nauru
4257:Libya
4140:Kenya
4036:India
3997:Haiti
3919:Ghana
3880:Gabon
3789:Egypt
3646:Chile
3633:China
3438:Benin
3168:(see
3160:(see
2710:Syria
2650:Nepal
2635:Libya
2615:Kenya
2605:Japan
2590:India
2580:Haiti
2570:Ghana
2555:Egypt
2530:China
2525:Chile
2393:Accra
1894:slums
1755:Lists
1443:China
1423:Japan
1383:India
1362:China
1314:The "
1216:Japan
717:Qatar
713:Macao
381:slums
313:crime
138:is a
12903:G-90
12898:G-11
12888:G-24
12873:G-15
12868:G-77
12674:Debt
12447:and
11832:ISBN
11808:2022
11765:2020
11735:2016
11700:2016
11668:2023
11638:2022
11608:2015
11576:2014
11544:2014
11512:2007
11485:2014
11450:2014
11418:2014
11386:2014
11333:2014
11292:2023
11266:2023
11240:2023
11214:2020
11184:2020
11135:2019
11082:2022
11036:2020
11009:2019
10979:2019
10925:2019
10895:Time
10877:2020
10846:2020
10811:ISSN
10756:2018
10719:2015
10657:2014
10636:ISBN
10590:2021
10556:OCLC
10546:ISBN
10522:2018
10492:p. 2
10450:2013
10420:2020
10402:ISBN
10368:2024
10361:NASA
10343:2018
10304:PMID
10259:2014
10227:2018
10188:PMID
10151:2022
10125:2022
10099:2018
10020:2018
9971:2018
9895:PMID
9864:2019
9805:2017
9775:2017
9748:2004
9735:2020
9701:2018
9657:PMID
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9576:PMID
9568:ISSN
9519:PMID
9511:ISSN
9489:1136
9466:2020
9429:2016
9399:2016
9372:2016
9333:2017
9299:ISBN
9261:2013
9219:2014
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9102:2013
9064:ISBN
9002:2013
8903:2018
8861:PMID
8830:2019
8800:2019
8769:2020
8672:OCLC
8662:ISBN
8573:2020
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8468:ISBN
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8386:2016
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8082:2021
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7800:2021
7676:ISSN
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7591:ISBN
7566:ISBN
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7464:2021
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6971:2022
6947:PMID
6939:ISSN
6901:2022
6882:ISSN
6834:2020
6796:2020
6760:2020
6742:ISBN
6709:2020
6648:ISBN
6588:2022
6538:ISBN
6515:ISBN
6492:ISBN
6457:ISBN
6434:ISBN
6395:and
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5558:Iraq
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4205:Laos
4075:Iraq
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