383:
2055:
2984:
108:
2969:
2976:
3699:
3671:
3666:
578:(c1), third premolar (p3), and fourth premolar (p4) still inside the jaw. In addition, this species is known from two other jaw fragments, one bearing m1 and m2 and the other bearing m2 and m3, and two isolated molars, an upper first and second molar (M1 and M2). The tentatively referred material of this species from Pakistan includes a single M2.
1010:
The specializations of dermopterans are such that they are dependent on a forested habitat, and reconstructions of the paleoenvironments at Krabi, Nong Ya Plong, and Paali Nala suggest that all three fossil deposits developed in a humid, tropical forest environment. Their extinction in the Indian
644:
is an elongate tooth bearing six tines (narrow, high "fingers" as in a comb) arranged from front to back. The frontmost is larger, the next four are about equal in size, and the sixth is smaller. The number of tines resembles that seen in the Sunda colugo, which has four to seven; the
Philippine
1704:
Marivaux, L.; Bocat, L.; Chaimanee, Y.; Jaeger, J. -J.; Marandat, B.; Srisuk, P.; Tafforeau, P.; Yamee, C.; Welcomme, J. -L. (2006). "Cynocephalid dermopterans from the
Palaeogene of South Asia (Thailand, Myanmar and Pakistan): Systematic, evolutionary and palaeobiogeographic implications".
370:, which is known only from the second and third lower molars. The two species also differ in the configuration of the inner back corner of the lower molars. The upper molars are triangular teeth bearing several distinct small cusps, particularly on the second upper molar, and with wrinkled
708:
cusps. The metaconid is stronger than the protoconid in the molars, but it is not clear whether this is the case in the p4. In the living colugos, the protoconid is higher than the metaconid in both p4 and m1. The trigonid is longer in the p4 than in the molars. In
597:, the length and width of the m2 are 5 and 4.3 mm (0.20 and 0.17 in) and 5.4 and 4.8 mm (0.21 and 0.19 in) respectively; this tooth is 5.4 mm (0.21 in) long and 4.9 mm (0.19 in) wide in the only known specimen of
837:, are present on the lingual sides of the paracone and metacone, but on the M1 the paraconule is missing and the metaconule is small and ridgelike. The small cusps are better developed in the Pakistani M2. A third major cusp, the
824:
resembles the
Philippine colugo in that the crests behind the paracone and in front of the metacone form an acute angle with each other, so that together they form a V; their shape rather resembles a U in the Sunda colugo. A
314:
have been found were probably forested environments and the fossil species were probably forest dwellers like living colugos, but whether they had the gliding adaptations of the living species is unknown.
857:
is wrinkled on the flanks of the paracone and metacone and, in the Thai but not the
Pakistani specimens, on the lingual side of the protocone. Enamel wrinkling is also seen in some Philippine colugos.
589:
to assess whether the animal already possessed the gliding adaptations of living colugos. The two species are similar in size, but again differ in details of the dentition. In two specimens of
788:, both the distocuspid and the post-hypoconulid cristid are absent, and the Sunda colugo has a weaker distocuspid and a postcristid that does not reach further lingually than the hypoconulid.
748:, it is separated from the entoconid by a notch. The living colugos lack such a strong postmetacristid. The hypoconulid is near the back lingual margin of the tooth, behind the entoconid. In
700:, only m2 and m3 are known, but they are similar in morphology and m3 is smaller than m2. In the Sunda colugo, however, the teeth get larger from p4 to m3. The p4 and molars have a distinct
448:
might not be a colugo, since the fossil is so poorly preserved that few traits can be unambiguously recognized and some purported dermopteran features of the fossil are also seen in other
645:
colugo has three to five. The c1 is also an elongate, narrow tooth; at the front, it is slightly curved towards the midline of the jaw. On the buccal (outer) side of this tooth are six
585:
were about as large as the
Philippine colugo and larger than the Sunda colugo and differed from both in several characteristics of the dentition. Not enough is known of the skeleton of
956:
740:
and is much wider than the trigonid because the hypoconid is displaced buccally. A cristid obliqua descends from the hypoconid and reaches the protoconid. Although a crest, the
1623:
Ducrocq, S.P.; Chaimanee, Y.; Suteethorn, V.; Jaeger, J.-J. (1995). "Mammalian faunas and the ages of the continental
Tertiary fossiliferous localities from Thailand".
808:
is slightly smaller than Thai fossils of the species, but otherwise very similar. The crest in front of and behind the major cusps on the buccal side of the tooth, the
800:
are triangular in overall shape and much broader than long, with the narrow end of the triangle pointing lingually. The M2 from
Pakistan that was tentatively placed in
780:, is located. A long crest, the postcristid, connects the distocuspid to the hypoconid along the posterior side of the tooth. The Philippine colugo is similar, but in
773:
3042:
933:
692:, the p4 and m1 through m3 are similar to each other (and unlike the i3, canine, and p3) and appear to form a series of decreasing size from front to back. In
649:, of which the third (counting from the front) is the largest. The p3 is similarly elongate and rounded at the front, but it is broader at the back, forming a
3399:
1449:
965:
1567:
Benammi, M.; Chaimanee, Y.; Jaeger, J.; Suteethorn, V.; Ducrocq, S. (2001). "Eocene Krabi basin (southern
Thailand): Paleontology and magnetostratigraphy".
1734:
Marivaux, L.; Chaimanee, Y.; Tafforeau, P.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2006). "New strepsirrhine primate from the late Eocene of
Peninsular Thailand (Krabi Basin)".
1525:
605:
is 4.3 mm (0.17 in) long and 6 mm (0.24 in) wide, compared to 4.7 and 6.6 mm (0.19 and 0.26 in) in the only known M2 of
3383:
3032:
741:
666:
1803:
Silcox, M.T.; Bloch, J.I.; Boyer, D.M.; Sargis, E.J. (2005). "Euarchonta (Dermoptera, Scandentia, Primates)". In Rose, K.D.; Archibald, J.D (eds.).
3568:
3520:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2477:
1597:
3764:
3506:
3312:
3198:
3189:
3159:
3062:
2762:
2526:
2320:
2252:
2203:
924:
886:
3561:
3540:
3472:
3420:
3372:
3282:
3168:
3117:
2752:
2540:
2519:
2484:
2231:
996:
2054:
829:(shelf) is present on the buccal margin of the tooth, but this cingulum is rather weak in the Pakistani fossil. On the M2, smaller cusps, the
382:
3499:
3434:
3406:
3233:
3052:
2832:
2642:
2635:
2547:
2533:
2491:
2470:
2432:
2404:
2397:
2376:
2362:
2224:
877:
850:
777:
726:
674:
670:
3427:
3261:
3219:
3175:
3138:
3094:
2839:
2772:
2628:
2621:
2411:
2369:
2276:
2262:
2217:
2196:
2175:
976:
834:
830:
745:
546:
is known only from a fragment of the left lower jaw bearing the third lower molar (m3) and a poorly preserved second lower molar (m2). The
3582:
3365:
3351:
3298:
3247:
3212:
3205:
3145:
3131:
3124:
2884:
2863:
2607:
2584:
2577:
2446:
2383:
2238:
730:
3392:
3226:
2570:
2439:
2418:
2390:
2269:
2086:
841:, is present on the lingual side of both upper molars. This crest is displaced towards the front in the living colugos, but less so in
729:, descends from the protoconid lingually and towards the front, forming the front margin of the trigonid; there is no distinct cusp (a
3291:
2649:
2425:
3751:
3337:
849:. Two strong crests descend from the front and back faces of the protocone in a buccal direction. These crests end in small cusps (
3830:
428:, Cynocephalidae, had been reported until 1992. In that year, Stéphane Ducrocq and colleagues described a jaw fragment from the
3840:
2983:
1900:
685:
resembles the Sunda colugo in that the c1 and p3 are also pectinate; in the
Philippine colugo, these teeth are not pectinate.
3820:
1889:
1833:
1812:
704:(a triangular group of cusps at the front of a tribosphenic tooth) and talonid. The trigonid contains strong protoconid and
1963:
1901:"Himalayan Forelands: palaeontological evidence for Oligocene detrital deposits in the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan)"
1007:
in age. The Paali Nala fauna also contains a diverse array of mammals, including many rodents, some primates, and rhinos.
3835:
1485:
1652:
JaneÄŤka, J.E.; Miller, W.; Pringle, T.H.; Wiens, F.; Zitzmann, A.; Helgen, K.M.; Springer, M.S.; Murphy, W.J. (2007).
1469:
502:), the two living colugo species. In addition, they tentatively identified a fossil from the Oligocene of Pakistan as
681:(comb-like) shape of the anterior teeth is a shared characteristic of the colugos and highly unusual among mammals.
1020:
629:
3825:
1856:
1588:
2079:
1596:
Ducrocq, S.; Buffetaut, E.; Buffetaut-Tong, H.; Jaeger, J.-J.; Yongkanjanasoontorn, Y.; Suteethorn, V. (1992).
632:(a projecting piece of bone directly behind the molars) rises steeply, with its front wall virtually vertical.
424:
are considered by some to be closely related to colugos, no fossils undoubtedly referable to the living colugo
267:
1769:
n. gen., n. sp. (Mammalia, Lipotyphla, Soricomorpha, Plesiosoricidae) from the latest Oligocene of Thailand"
923:, further to the north in Thailand. The fossil deposits, located in the Cha Prong pit in a coal mine called
1899:
Welcomme, J.-L.; Benammi, M.; Crochet, J.-Y.; Marivaux, L.; MĂ©tais, G.; Antoine, P.-O.; Baloch, I. (2001).
853:) that are directly lingual to the paracone and metacone. The living colugos lack these protoconules. The
1011:
subcontinent may have been caused by the development of a drier climate there during the Late Oligocene.
322:
from both living colugo species, but other features are shared with only one of the two. The third lower
107:
1843:
Stafford, B.J.; Szalay, F.S. (2000). "Craniodental functional morphology and taxonomy of dermopterans".
1764:
1612:
3815:
3702:
2072:
350:). The fourth lower premolar instead resembles the lower molars. The front part of these teeth, the
1956:
776:, reaches from the hypoconulid to the back lingual corner of the tooth, where a small cuspule, the
506:
and regarded some fossils from the Eocene of Myanmar as indeterminate dermopterans. According to a
3670:
657:). There are six cusps on the narrow anterior part of the tooth, and the fifth (identified as the
3810:
2968:
2904:
2022:
480:
3782:
3719:
3618:
3769:
3777:
563:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1912:
1668:
1632:
1576:
1000:
920:
3665:
8:
3641:
2975:
1949:
1653:
1322:
1132:
1130:
555:
1916:
1672:
1636:
1580:
2921:
2039:
1928:
1868:
1860:
1791:
1722:
1692:
654:
102:
1763:
Peigné, S.; Chaimanee, Y.; Yamee, C.; Marandat, B.; Srisuk, P.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2009).
1127:
1052:
1932:
1885:
1829:
1808:
1795:
1751:
1718:
1684:
1644:
1398:
1267:
1255:
487:
1872:
1726:
1696:
1415:
1413:
1356:
1354:
1183:
3805:
3692:
2735:
2331:
2146:
2095:
1920:
1852:
1783:
1743:
1714:
1676:
1640:
1584:
1437:
1310:
826:
646:
625:
425:
343:
1207:
764:
and the Sunda colugo, while the two cusps are merged in the Philippine colugo. In
733:) at the front of the trigonid on the p4, but this cusp is present in the molars.
2779:
2676:
2460:
1410:
1351:
1231:
1142:
1004:
898:
673:, is present on the lingual side of the talonid, connected to the hypoconid by a
661:) is by far the largest. On the buccal side of the talonid is a strong cusp, the
621:
299:
1822:
Stafford, B.J. (2005). "Order Dermoptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1425:
1339:
624:(a projecting piece of bone at the lower side of the back of the jawbone) and a
294:
of Thailand, known from three fragments of the lower jaw and two isolated upper
3742:
3459:
2877:
2825:
2669:
2598:
2009:
1513:
1243:
1219:
1195:
928:
873:
575:
567:
291:
1924:
1388:
1386:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1115:
1103:
678:
335:
3799:
3607:
3531:
3483:
3108:
3077:
2853:
2794:
1654:"Molecular and genomic data identify the closest living relative of primates"
1501:
1093:
1091:
938:
457:
421:
413:
346:, an unusual feature of colugos (the first two lower incisors are unknown in
295:
61:
1680:
744:, descends from the back side of the metaconid, ending in a small cusp, the
3492:
3321:
3015:
3002:
2936:
2815:
1755:
1688:
1598:"First fossil flying lemur: A dermopteran from the Late Eocene of Thailand"
1545:
1383:
1366:
1291:
1154:
992:
854:
527:
507:
495:
387:
371:
327:
199:
1088:
1040:
3687:
3554:
3547:
3513:
3087:
2715:
2561:
2309:
2292:
2165:
2131:
988:
984:
909:
881:
277:
36:
1828:(3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 110.
1787:
3756:
3630:
3441:
3413:
3330:
3268:
3254:
3240:
2870:
2803:
2742:
2692:
2346:
2210:
2003:
1864:
1747:
970:
961:
658:
463:
In 2006, Laurent Marivaux and colleagues described a second species of
452:
groups. Mary Silcox and colleagues reaffirmed the colugo affinities of
81:
46:
3575:
3344:
2726:
2702:
2189:
1941:
952:
838:
737:
705:
662:
476:
449:
417:
119:
86:
3713:
1595:
1443:
1316:
1136:
1076:
1058:
669:, descending from it towards the front. A second, smaller cusp, the
444:. In 2000, however, Brian Stafford and Frederick Szalay argued that
339:
3736:
3358:
2614:
2182:
2113:
2064:
1991:
892:
813:
809:
701:
559:
547:
351:
331:
281:
139:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1765:"An astonishing example of convergent evolution toward carnivory:
3598:
2355:
1825:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
869:
650:
571:
486:(Latin for "chimera") because it shares characters with both the
437:
409:
405:
323:
91:
66:
1733:
1622:
1566:
1539:
1535:
1479:
1475:
1463:
1459:
2895:
2660:
2125:
2119:
2107:
1997:
1985:
1973:
1823:
1807:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 127–144.
429:
401:
263:
259:
169:
159:
149:
129:
1898:
1507:
816:, are well-developed, together forming a long W-shaped ridge.
620:
resembles that of living colugos in the presence of a strong
433:
255:
1762:
1703:
1551:
1531:
1519:
1495:
1491:
1455:
1431:
1419:
1404:
1392:
1377:
1360:
1345:
1333:
1304:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1148:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1064:
1046:
1030:
1857:
10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0360:CFMATO>2.0.CO;2
1589:
10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<0265:ekbstp>2.0.co;2
880:
fauna, which contains at least 40 mammalian genera, mostly
1884:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 304.
1651:
1034:
270:
mammals from Southeast Asia. Two species are recognized:
542:
includes a handful of jaw fragments and isolated teeth.
1802:
1082:
298:. In addition, a single isolated upper molar from the
16:
Extinct genus of mammals related to the living colugos
3456:
3309:
3279:
3186:
3156:
3105:
3074:
3058:
3048:
3038:
3028:
2910:
2850:
2812:
2768:
2758:
2748:
2595:
2558:
2457:
2343:
2327:
2316:
2305:
2249:
2162:
1279:
206:
736:The talonid contains a hypoconid, hypoconulid, and
284:, based on a single fragment of the lower jaw, and
554:is a lower jaw fragment in which remnants of the
510:analysis carried out by Marivaux and colleagues,
456:in 2005 on the basis of detailed similarities in
3797:
991:, western Pakistan. The fossil locality, placed
756:, this cusp is further to the back than in both
1882:Mammal Teeth: Origin, Evolution, and Diversity
1842:
1070:
931:. Other mammals found here include the rodent
2080:
1957:
902:. This fauna has been dated to about 33 to 35
526:, and the Myanmar dermopteran are successive
302:of Pakistan has been tentatively assigned to
3013:
876:, southwestern Thailand. It is part of the
628:(a flat space behind the last molars). The
2087:
2073:
1964:
1950:
884:but also including some primates, such as
338:or comblike, bearing longitudinal rows of
1736:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1625:Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences
318:Some features of the teeth differentiate
1821:
1026:
381:
979:, where the M2 tentatively assigned to
3798:
1971:
1569:Geological Society of America Bulletin
262:mammals closely related to the living
3718:
3717:
3000:
2144:
2068:
1945:
1879:
1285:
404:are a small group of Southeast Asian
2145:
2094:
860:
653:(a "heel" of cusps at the back of a
1560:
13:
791:
717:, the trigonid is broader than in
635:
14:
3852:
3698:
3697:
3669:
3664:
3001:
2982:
2974:
2967:
2053:
1719:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00235.x
416:is exceptionally poor. Although
106:
34:
1336:, pp. 402–403, figs. 4, 5.
408:mammals closely related to the
3831:Eocene genus first appearances
957:Chaprongictis phetchaburiensis
908:million years ago, during the
533:
479:of Thailand. They gave it the
1:
3841:Fossil taxa described in 1992
1805:The Rise of Placental Mammals
1014:
310:. All sites where fossils of
3821:Prehistoric placental genera
1645:10.1016/0743-9547(95)00021-6
1611:(2): 373–380. Archived from
7:
1407:, pp. 403–404, fig. 6.
1276:, pp. 401–402, fig. 4.
1264:, pp. 400–401, fig. 4.
530:of the two living colugos.
377:
32:Late Eocene–Early Oligocene
10:
3857:
3836:Chattian genus extinctions
1071:Stafford & Szalay 2000
3726:
3682:
3662:
3629:
3606:
3596:
3530:
3482:
3467:
3455:
3382:
3320:
3308:
3278:
3185:
3155:
3104:
3073:
3024:
3009:
2996:
2965:
2935:
2894:
2849:
2811:
2802:
2793:
2725:
2710:
2701:
2690:
2659:
2594:
2557:
2456:
2342:
2301:
2290:
2248:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2140:
2102:
2051:
2018:
1980:
1925:10.1017/s0016756801005428
475:, from material from the
228:
223:
205:
198:
103:Scientific classification
101:
23:
1192:, pp. 398–399, 404.
872:pit known as Wai Lek in
774:post-hypoconulid cristid
394:), a living relative of
2023:Philippine flying lemur
1681:10.1126/science.1147555
1216:, p. 400, table 1.
3826:Eocene mammals of Asia
2044:Galeopterus variegatus
1422:, p. 404, fig. 6.
1363:, p. 403, fig. 6.
1240:, p. 400, fig. 4.
1151:, p. 400, fig. 3.
601:. The Pakistani M2 of
500:Galeopterus variegatus
398:
392:Galeopterus variegatus
3778:Paleobiology Database
1494:, pp. 400, 414;
983:was found, is in the
981:Dermotherium chimaera
917:Dermotherium chimaera
798:Dermotherium chimaera
690:Dermotherium chimaera
683:Dermotherium chimaera
642:Dermotherium chimaera
564:X-ray microtomography
552:Dermotherium chimaera
504:Dermotherium chimaera
432:of Thailand as a new
385:
1880:Ungar, P.S. (2010).
1845:Journal of Mammalogy
1552:Marivaux et al. 2006
1536:Marivaux et al. 2006
1532:Marivaux et al. 2006
1520:Marivaux et al. 2006
1508:Welcomme et al. 2001
1492:Marivaux et al. 2006
1480:Marivaux et al. 2006
1464:Marivaux et al. 2006
1462:, pp. 266–267;
1434:, pp. 404, 406.
1432:Marivaux et al. 2006
1420:Marivaux et al. 2006
1405:Marivaux et al. 2006
1393:Marivaux et al. 2006
1378:Marivaux et al. 2006
1361:Marivaux et al. 2006
1348:, pp. 403, 405.
1346:Marivaux et al. 2006
1334:Marivaux et al. 2006
1305:Marivaux et al. 2006
1274:Marivaux et al. 2006
1262:Marivaux et al. 2006
1250:Marivaux et al. 2006
1238:Marivaux et al. 2006
1226:Marivaux et al. 2006
1214:Marivaux et al. 2006
1202:Marivaux et al. 2006
1190:Marivaux et al. 2006
1178:Marivaux et al. 2006
1149:Marivaux et al. 2006
1122:Marivaux et al. 2006
1110:Marivaux et al. 2006
1098:Marivaux et al. 2006
1047:Marivaux et al. 2006
1031:Marivaux et al. 2006
1001:Chitarwata Formation
934:Fallomus ladakhensis
921:Phetchaburi Province
796:The upper molars of
665:, with a crest, the
2027:Cynocephalus volans
1917:2001GeoM..138..397W
1905:Geological Magazine
1788:10.5252/g2009n4a973
1767:Siamosorex debonisi
1673:2007Sci...318..792J
1637:1995JAESc..12...65D
1581:2001GSAB..113..265B
1540:Ducrocq et al. 1995
1522:, pp. 412–413.
1498:, pp. 975–976.
1476:Benammi et al. 2001
1460:Benammi et al. 2001
1444:Ducrocq et al. 1992
1317:Ducrocq et al. 1992
1252:, pp. 404–405.
1204:, pp. 414–415.
1139:, pp. 374–375.
1137:Ducrocq et al. 1992
1112:, pp. 405–406.
1061:, pp. 373–374.
1059:Ducrocq et al. 1992
1035:JaneÄŤka et al. 2007
1003:, is thought to be
966:Siamosorex debonisi
927:, are dated to the
772:, a low crest, the
725:. A low crest, the
581:The two species of
492:Cynocephalus volans
420:groups such as the
266:, a small group of
2040:Sunda flying lemur
1748:10.1002/ajpa.20376
1496:Peigné et al. 2009
1456:Peigné et al. 2009
1083:Silcox et al. 2005
866:Dermotherium major
655:tribosphenic tooth
618:Dermotherium major
599:Dermotherium major
544:Dermotherium major
538:Known material of
442:Dermotherium major
399:
330:, and third lower
210:Dermotherium major
3816:Oligocene mammals
3793:
3792:
3720:Taxon identifiers
3711:
3710:
3678:
3677:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3592:
3591:
3451:
3450:
2992:
2991:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2931:
2930:
2789:
2788:
2686:
2685:
2286:
2285:
2062:
2061:
1891:978-0-8018-9668-2
1835:978-0-8018-8221-0
1814:978-0-8018-8022-3
1707:Zoologica Scripta
1667:(5851): 792–794.
993:stratigraphically
937:, the rhinoceros
861:Range and ecology
616:The lower jaw of
488:Philippine colugo
247:
246:
241:
194:
3848:
3786:
3785:
3773:
3772:
3760:
3759:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3715:
3714:
3701:
3700:
3693:Plesiadapiformes
3673:
3668:
3604:
3603:
3465:
3464:
3458:
3318:
3317:
3311:
3281:
3188:
3158:
3107:
3076:
3060:
3050:
3040:
3030:
3022:
3021:
3011:
3010:
2998:
2997:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2971:
2912:
2852:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2800:
2799:
2770:
2760:
2750:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2698:
2597:
2560:
2459:
2345:
2332:Zalambdalestidae
2329:
2318:
2307:
2299:
2298:
2251:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2147:Euarchontoglires
2142:
2141:
2096:Euarchontoglires
2089:
2082:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2057:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1895:
1876:
1839:
1818:
1799:
1773:
1759:
1730:
1700:
1658:
1648:
1619:
1617:
1602:
1592:
1561:Literature cited
1555:
1549:
1543:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1489:
1483:
1473:
1467:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1375:
1364:
1358:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1038:
1024:
630:coronoid process
626:retromolar space
354:, is broader in
287:D. chimaera
235:
208:
188:
181:
111:
110:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3781:
3776:
3768:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3722:
3712:
3707:
3674:
3648:
3625:
3588:
3526:
3478:
3447:
3384:Palaechthonidae
3378:
3304:
3274:
3181:
3151:
3100:
3069:
3033:Asioplesiadapis
3018:
3005:
2988:
2981:
2973:
2951:
2927:
2890:
2845:
2785:
2721:
2695:
2682:
2677:Simplicidentata
2655:
2590:
2553:
2461:Arctostylopidae
2452:
2338:
2295:
2282:
2244:
2149:
2136:
2098:
2093:
2063:
2058:
2049:
2014:
1976:
1970:
1892:
1836:
1815:
1771:
1656:
1615:
1600:
1563:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1538:, p. 426;
1534:, p. 414;
1530:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1490:
1486:
1478:, p. 265;
1474:
1470:
1458:, p. 991;
1454:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1418:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1384:
1376:
1367:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1196:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1135:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1033:, p. 396;
1025:
1021:
1017:
1005:Early Oligocene
899:Muangthanhinius
868:was found in a
863:
794:
792:Upper dentition
742:postmetacristid
667:cristid obliqua
638:
636:Lower dentition
622:angular process
613:from Thailand.
536:
380:
300:Early Oligocene
219:
212:
187:
179:
105:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3854:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3811:Eocene mammals
3808:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3774:
3761:
3748:
3732:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3695:
3690:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3635:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3612:
3610:
3601:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3569:Elphidotarsius
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3521:Pronothodectes
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3462:
3460:Plesiadapoidea
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3326:
3324:
3315:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3287:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3194:
3192:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3172:
3164:
3162:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3113:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3083:
3081:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3056:
3046:
3036:
3025:
3019:
3014:
3007:
3006:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2918:
2908:
2900:
2898:
2896:Cynocephalidae
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2878:Planetetherium
2874:
2867:
2859:
2857:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2826:Dracontolestes
2821:
2819:
2806:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2766:
2756:
2746:
2739:
2731:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2705:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2673:
2670:Duplicidentata
2665:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2603:
2601:
2599:Pseudictopidae
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2566:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2513:Kazachostylops
2509:
2506:Enantiostylops
2502:
2499:Bothriostylops
2495:
2488:
2481:
2478:Anatolostylops
2474:
2466:
2464:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2351:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2314:
2302:
2296:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2258:
2256:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2171:
2169:
2151:
2150:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2110:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2069:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2037:
2030:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2010:Cynocephalidae
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1937:
1911:(4): 397–405.
1896:
1890:
1877:
1851:(2): 360–385.
1840:
1834:
1819:
1813:
1800:
1782:(4): 973–992.
1760:
1742:(4): 425–434.
1731:
1713:(4): 395–420.
1701:
1649:
1631:(1–2): 65–78.
1620:
1618:on 2011-09-19.
1593:
1575:(2): 265–273.
1562:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1554:, p. 414.
1544:
1524:
1512:
1510:, p. 398.
1500:
1484:
1482:, p. 426.
1468:
1466:, p. 425.
1448:
1446:, p. 373.
1436:
1424:
1409:
1397:
1395:, p. 404.
1382:
1380:, p. 406.
1365:
1350:
1338:
1321:
1319:, p. 375.
1309:
1307:, p. 403.
1290:
1288:, p. 190.
1278:
1266:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1180:, p. 405.
1153:
1141:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1100:, p. 400.
1087:
1085:, p. 131.
1075:
1073:, p. 378.
1063:
1051:
1049:, p. 396.
1039:
1018:
1016:
1013:
929:Late Oligocene
874:Krabi Province
862:
859:
793:
790:
637:
634:
535:
532:
379:
376:
292:Late Oligocene
245:
244:
243:
242:
226:
225:
224:Other species
221:
220:
213:
203:
202:
196:
195:
177:
173:
172:
170:Cynocephalidae
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3853:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3784:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3704:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3672:
3667:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3620:
3619:Strepsirrhini
3616:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3608:Strepsirrhini
3605:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3532:Carpolestidae
3529:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3507:Platychoerops
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3484:Plesiadapidae
3481:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3454:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:Paromomyoidea
3307:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3199:Arctodontomys
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3190:Microsyopidae
3184:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3160:Picromomyidae
3154:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3109:Micromomyidae
3103:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:Purgatoriidae
3072:
3065:
3064:
3063:Picrodontidae
3057:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2970:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:Plagiomenidae
2848:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:Primatomorpha
2792:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2763:Prodendrogale
2757:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2527:Palaeostylops
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:Picrodontidae
2315:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2289:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:Picrodontidae
2247:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2204:Frugivastodon
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2056:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1776:Geodiversitas
1770:
1768:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:Palaeontology
1599:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1553:
1548:
1542:, p. 67.
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:Stafford 2005
1023:
1019:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
972:
968:
967:
963:
959:
958:
954:
950:
949:
948:lamilloquense
947:
941:
940:Diceratherium
936:
935:
930:
926:
925:Nong Ya Plong
922:
918:
913:
911:
907:
906:
901:
900:
895:
894:
889:
888:
887:Siamopithecus
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
858:
856:
852:
848:
846:
840:
836:
832:
828:
823:
821:
815:
811:
807:
805:
799:
789:
787:
785:
779:
775:
771:
769:
763:
761:
755:
753:
747:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
722:
716:
714:
707:
703:
699:
697:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
643:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
610:
604:
600:
596:
594:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
562:are visible.
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
531:
529:
528:sister groups
525:
523:
517:
515:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
482:
481:specific name
478:
474:
472:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Plagiomenidae
419:
415:
414:fossil record
411:
407:
403:
397:
393:
389:
384:
375:
373:
369:
367:
361:
359:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:at least are
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
313:
309:
307:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:
283:
279:
275:
274:
273:D. major
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:
239:
234:
230:
229:
227:
222:
217:
211:
204:
201:
197:
192:
186:
185:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
109:
104:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
3728:Dermotherium
3727:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3562:Carpomegodon
3560:
3553:
3546:
3541:Carpocristes
3539:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3493:Chiromyoides
3491:
3473:Chronolestes
3471:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3421:Plesiolestes
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3373:Phenacolemur
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:Paromomyidae
3297:
3290:
3283:Toliapinidae
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3174:
3169:Alveojunctus
3167:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3118:Chalicomomys
3116:
3093:
3086:
3061:
3051:
3041:
3031:
3016:Pan-Primates
3003:Pan-Primates
2972:
2937:Pan-Primates
2920:
2915:Dermotherium
2914:
2913:
2905:Cynocephalus
2903:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2816:Mixodectidae
2778:
2771:
2761:
2753:Palaeotupaia
2751:
2741:
2734:
2714:
2675:
2668:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2546:
2541:Stenostylops
2539:
2532:
2525:
2520:Migrostylops
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2485:Arctostylops
2483:
2476:
2469:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2330:
2319:
2308:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2237:
2232:Sinclairella
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2130:Infraclass:
2043:
2034:Dermotherium
2033:
2032:
2026:
1939:
1908:
1904:
1881:
1848:
1844:
1824:
1804:
1779:
1775:
1766:
1739:
1735:
1710:
1706:
1664:
1660:
1628:
1624:
1613:the original
1608:
1604:
1572:
1568:
1547:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1487:
1471:
1451:
1439:
1427:
1400:
1341:
1312:
1281:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1144:
1117:
1105:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
1022:
1009:
997:Bugti Member
980:
975:
964:
955:
945:
943:
939:
932:
916:
914:
904:
903:
897:
891:
885:
882:artiodactyls
865:
864:
851:protoconules
844:
842:
819:
817:
803:
801:
797:
795:
783:
781:
767:
765:
759:
757:
751:
749:
735:
720:
718:
712:
710:
695:
693:
689:
687:
682:
641:
639:
617:
615:
608:
606:
603:Dermotherium
602:
598:
592:
590:
587:Dermotherium
586:
583:Dermotherium
582:
580:
570:lower third
566:reveals the
558:third lower
551:
543:
540:Dermotherium
539:
537:
521:
519:
513:
511:
508:phylogenetic
503:
499:
496:Sunda colugo
491:
483:
470:
468:
465:Dermotherium
464:
462:
460:morphology.
454:Dermotherium
453:
446:Dermotherium
445:
441:
400:
396:Dermotherium
395:
391:
388:Sunda colugo
365:
363:
357:
355:
348:Dermotherium
347:
320:Dermotherium
319:
317:
312:Dermotherium
311:
305:
303:
286:
285:
272:
271:
251:Dermotherium
250:
249:
248:
237:
232:
215:
209:
200:Type species
190:
184:Dermotherium
183:
182:
25:Dermotherium
24:
18:
3688:Anagaloidea
3555:Carpolestes
3548:Carpodaptes
3514:Plesiadapis
3500:Nannodectes
3435:Talpohenach
3407:Palenochtha
3400:Palaechthon
3234:Megadelphus
3088:Purgatorius
3053:Russellodon
3043:Pandemonium
2922:Galeopterus
2833:Eudaemonema
2716:Ptilocercus
2643:Pseudictops
2636:Paranictops
2562:Astigalidae
2548:Wanostylops
2534:Sinostylops
2492:Asiostylops
2471:Allostylops
2433:Stenanagale
2405:Huaiyangale
2398:Hsiuannania
2377:Chianshania
2363:Anagalopsis
2310:Apatemyidae
2293:Gliriformes
2225:Labidolemur
2166:Apatemyidae
2132:Placentalia
1972:Species of
989:Balochistan
985:Bugti Hills
962:lipotyphlan
915:Fossils of
910:Late Eocene
878:Krabi Basin
778:distocuspid
727:paracristid
675:postcristid
671:hypoconulid
534:Description
440:of colugo,
278:Late Eocene
233:D. chimaera
3800:Categories
3686:See also:
3642:Haplorhini
3631:Haplorhini
3442:Torrejonia
3428:Premnoides
3414:Phoxomylus
3331:Acidomomys
3269:Uintasorex
3262:Niptomomys
3255:Navajovius
3241:Microsyops
3220:Choctawius
3176:Picromomys
3139:Micromomys
3095:Ursolestes
2946:see below↓
2871:Plagiomene
2840:Mixodectes
2804:Dermoptera
2773:Sivatupaia
2743:Dendrogale
2703:Scandentia
2693:Euarchonta
2629:Haltictops
2622:Cartictops
2412:Interogale
2370:Anaptogale
2347:Anagalidae
2277:Zanycteris
2263:Draconodus
2218:Jepsenella
2211:Heterohyus
2197:Carcinella
2176:Aethomylos
2124:Subclass:
2004:Dermoptera
1286:Ungar 2010
1228:, table 1.
1124:, fig. 11.
1015:References
977:Paali Nala
971:pteropodid
953:carnivoran
919:come from
835:metaconule
831:paraconule
746:metastylid
659:protoconid
640:The i3 of
160:Dermoptera
3583:Subengius
3576:Saxonella
3366:Paromomys
3352:Elwynella
3345:Edworthia
3299:Toliapina
3248:Nanomomys
3213:Berruvius
3206:Bartelsia
3146:Tinimomys
3132:Foxomomys
3125:Dryomomys
2885:Worlandia
2864:Ellesmene
2727:Tupaiidae
2608:Allictops
2585:Zhujegale
2578:Yupingale
2447:Zofiagale
2384:Diacronus
2239:Unuchinia
2190:Asiapator
2106:Kingdom:
1984:Kingdom:
1933:129800812
1796:129885681
839:protocone
738:entoconid
731:paraconid
706:metaconid
679:pectinate
663:hypoconid
568:unerupted
556:deciduous
477:Oligocene
450:placental
418:Paleogene
336:pectinate
290:from the
276:from the
236:Marivaux
126:Kingdom:
120:Eukaryota
3743:Q5262856
3737:Wikidata
3703:Category
3599:Primates
3393:Anasazia
3359:Ignacius
3227:Craseops
2736:Anathana
2615:Anictops
2571:Astigale
2440:Wanogale
2419:Linnania
2391:Eosigale
2270:Picrodus
2183:Apatemys
2120:Mammalia
2114:Chordata
2112:Phylum:
2108:Animalia
2008:Family:
1998:Mammalia
1992:Chordata
1990:Phylum:
1986:Animalia
1873:86052722
1756:16444732
1727:86572864
1697:12251814
1689:17975064
969:, and a
942:sp. cf.
893:Wailekia
847:chimaera
827:cingulum
822:chimaera
814:metacone
810:paracone
806:chimaera
770:chimaera
762:chimaera
715:chimaera
702:trigonid
611:chimaera
595:chimaera
560:premolar
548:holotype
516:chimaera
484:chimaera
473:chimaera
412:. Their
410:primates
378:Taxonomy
362:than in
360:chimaera
352:trigonid
332:premolar
326:, lower
308:chimaera
282:Thailand
214:Ducrocq
189:Ducrocq
166:Family:
150:Mammalia
140:Chordata
136:Phylum:
130:Animalia
116:Domain:
3806:Colugos
3770:1262685
3757:4827504
3292:Avenius
2650:Suyinia
2426:Qipania
2356:Anagale
2118:Class:
2002:Order:
1996:Class:
1974:colugos
1913:Bibcode
1865:1383395
1669:Bibcode
1661:Science
1633:Bibcode
1577:Bibcode
999:of the
995:in the
870:lignite
651:talonid
572:incisor
438:species
406:gliding
402:Colugos
324:incisor
268:gliding
264:colugos
176:Genus:
156:Order:
146:Class:
3783:206243
3597:Crown-
3338:Arcius
2780:Tupaia
2661:Glires
2126:Theria
1931:
1888:
1871:
1863:
1832:
1811:
1794:
1754:
1725:
1695:
1687:
960:, the
951:, the
946:
905:
896:, and
855:enamel
845:
820:
804:
784:
768:
760:
752:
721:
713:
696:
677:. The
609:
593:
576:canine
574:(i3),
522:
514:
494:) and
471:
430:Eocene
426:family
372:enamel
366:
358:
328:canine
306:
296:molars
260:fossil
240:, 2006
238:et al.
218:, 1992
216:et al.
193:, 1992
191:et al.
3765:IRMNG
1929:S2CID
1869:S2CID
1861:JSTOR
1792:S2CID
1772:(PDF)
1723:S2CID
1693:S2CID
1657:(PDF)
1616:(PDF)
1601:(PDF)
973:bat.
786:major
754:major
723:major
698:major
647:cusps
524:major
458:molar
434:genus
368:major
344:cusps
340:tines
256:genus
254:is a
3752:GBIF
3640:see
3617:see
1886:ISBN
1830:ISBN
1809:ISBN
1752:PMID
1685:PMID
833:and
812:and
436:and
37:Preęž’
1921:doi
1909:138
1853:doi
1784:doi
1744:doi
1740:130
1715:doi
1677:doi
1665:318
1641:doi
1585:doi
1573:113
987:of
688:In
550:of
342:or
280:of
258:of
3802::
3780::
3767::
3754::
3739::
1927:.
1919:.
1907:.
1903:.
1867:.
1859:.
1849:81
1847:.
1790:.
1780:31
1778:.
1774:.
1750:.
1738:.
1721:.
1711:35
1709:.
1691:.
1683:.
1675:.
1663:.
1659:.
1639:.
1629:12
1627:.
1609:35
1607:.
1603:.
1583:.
1571:.
1412:^
1385:^
1368:^
1353:^
1324:^
1293:^
1156:^
1129:^
1090:^
1029:;
944:D.
912:.
890:,
843:D.
818:D.
802:D.
782:D.
766:D.
758:D.
750:D.
719:D.
711:D.
694:D.
607:D.
591:D.
520:D.
518:,
512:D.
469:D.
467:,
386:A
374:.
364:D.
356:D.
304:D.
87:Pg
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3310:â€
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2596:â€
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2306:â€
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2250:â€
2168:?
2163:â€
2088:e
2081:t
2074:v
2046:)
2042:(
2029:)
2025:(
1965:e
1958:t
1951:v
1935:.
1923::
1915::
1894:.
1875:.
1855::
1838:.
1817:.
1798:.
1786::
1758:.
1746::
1729:.
1717::
1699:.
1679::
1671::
1647:.
1643::
1635::
1591:.
1587::
1579::
1037:.
498:(
490:(
390:(
231:â€
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