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coloration ranging from cinnamon brown to blackish, and a paler underside. Individuals also have a distinctive dorsal scent gland marked by a contrasting, light-colored patch of hairs. Considerable variation exists between subspecies as currently described. The rostrum is relatively long, but well-haired, unlike the related western tree hyrax. Individuals of this species are difficult to distinguish from the related southern tree hyrax, which was previously considered conspecific; however, the fur of southern tree hyrax is usually more grizzled.
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Eastern tree hyraxes are largely restricted to montane forests, but also occur in adjacent lowland forests and even tropical dry forests on coral in
Zanzibar and Pemba. They are most abundant at lower elevations, but occur as high as 3,070 meters on Mt. Kilimanjaro, albeit in reduced densities due to
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The eastern tree hyrax is a small, rotund guinea pig-like mammal with dense, soft fur and blunt, nailed toes. They weigh on average 2.75 kilograms or 6.1 pounds and have a head-body length of 470 to 558 millimetres (18.5 to 22.0 in). No tail is discernible. Pelage is variable, with dorsal
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The eastern tree hyrax is solitary, living in tree holes, and communicates with other individuals via repetitive vocal calls and scent marking. Most roosts are occupied by only one animal, with the exception of females with one young. They are skilled climbers which feed predominantly in the
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The subspecific status of relict populations of
Eastern Tree Hyrax described from coastal Southern Kenya is currently unclear. These populations have been described as using rock crevices as habitat, contrasting with
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These subspecies display considerable vocal and morphological variation, thus, some researchers consider
Eastern Tree Hyrax to represent a complex of 3-4 distinct species, with further revision required.
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In 2015, the IUCN designated the eastern tree hyrax as Near
Threatened (NT). Its main threats include deforestation and hunting, and individuals often fall prey to dogs. Known natural predators include
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Rosti H, Heiskanen J, Loehr J. et al. Habitat preferences, estimated abundance and behavior of tree hyrax (Dendrohyrax sp.) in fragmented montane forests of Taita Hills, Kenya.
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Eastern tree hyraxes in Taita Hills were recently recorded and, based on call structure, likely represent individuals of this subspecies.
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Rosti H, Pihlström H, Bearder S, Pellikka P, Rikkinen J. Vocalization
Analyses of Nocturnal Arboreal Mammals of the Taita Hills, Kenya.
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Hoeck HN. Some thoughts on the distribution of Tree
Hyraxes (Genus Dendrohyrax) in northern Tanzania.
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countries of
Tanzania and Kenya; they predominantly inhabit the foothills and montane forests of
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Hoeck, H.; Rovero, F.; Cordeiro, N.; Butynski, T.; Perkin, A.; Jones, T. (2015).
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Kingdon J, Butynski T, Hoffmann M, Happold M, Kalina J. Genus
Dendrohyrax. In:
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The eastern tree hyrax is currently considered to have four subspecies:
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Hoeck HN, Seibt U, Wickler W. Dendrohyrax validus True, 1890 in Kenia.
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394:, found in the Uluguru and likely the Udzungwa and Rubeho mountains.
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Mammals of Africa. Vol. 1: Introductory
Chapters and Afrotheria
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species, distributed patchily in a narrow band of lowland and
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of
Tanzania. Hyraxes are also present on the coast between
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Mammalian Biology (früher Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde)
235:. The eastern tree hyrax is the most localized of the
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388:, found on the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, and
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493:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T136599A21288090.en
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363:, found in the Usambara and Pare Mountains,
243:in Kenya and Tanzania and adjacent islands.
231:) is a species of mammal within the family
27:Species of mammal in the family Procaviidae
560:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10235-7
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416:Rosti, Hanna. "Animals of Taita, Kenya."
302:The Eastern tree hyrax is endemic to the
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357:, found on Mt. Kilimanjaro and Mt. Meru,
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455:. Bloomsbury Publishing; 2031:152–161.
334:, Kenya, as well as on the islands of
766:IUCN Red List near threatened species
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479:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
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544:https://doi.org/10.3390/d12120473
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781:Taxa named by Frederick W. True
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265:on tree leaves, and form large
403:’s usually-arboreal behavior.
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278:the scarcity of large trees.
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380:found in Taita Hills, Kenya
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771:Animals described in 1890
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322:of Southern Kenya to the
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81:Scientific classification
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585:Afrotherian Conservation
418:Animals of Taita, Kenya
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515:"Dendrohyrax validus"
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316:Eastern Arc Mountains
542:. 2020; 12(12):473.
638:Dendrohyrax validus
608:Dendrohyrax validus
574:. 1976; 42:115-118.
472:Dendrohyrax validus
228:Dendrohyrax validus
190:Dendrohyrax validus
51:Conservation status
35:Eastern tree hyrax
18:Dendrohyrax validus
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324:Udzungwa Mountains
223:eastern tree hyrax
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600:Taxon identifiers
587:. 2017; 13:47-49.
558:. 2022; 12:6331.
308:Mount Kilimanjaro
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401:Dendrohyrax
378:Dendrohyrax
320:Taita Hills
247:Description
233:Procaviidae
159:Dendrohyrax
148:Procaviidae
760:Categories
519:Mindat.org
424:References
312:Mount Meru
237:tree hyrax
198:F. W. True
138:Hyracoidea
623:Q40426386
540:Diversity
376:Image of
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
691:10910485
617:Wikidata
346:Taxonomy
336:Zanzibar
314:and the
256:Behavior
144:Family:
128:Mammalia
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
776:Hyraxes
730:1000526
665:2437045
556:Sci Rep
524:24 June
332:Mombasa
284:leopard
273:Ecology
267:middens
200:, 1890)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
743:188845
717:136599
704:584908
499:21 May
290:, and
263:canopy
686:IRMNG
678:43091
652:34Q9Z
340:Pemba
712:IUCN
699:ITIS
660:GBIF
526:2022
501:2023
484:2015
338:and
221:The
725:MDD
647:CoL
488:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
