114:
1484:
188:
174:
36:
2066:
1548:
failed to deliver sufficient supplies before the airfields were overrun by the
Soviets, and the Germans estimated that they lost 488 transports, as well as 1,000 personnel. In spite of the airlift's obvious shortcomings, Hitler refused permission for the 6th Army to attempt a breakout. The remaining 300,000 German soldiers trapped in the city ran out of supplies and had to surrender in February 1943, after having lost 100,000 soldiers in combat between November 1942 and February 1943.
1396:
2094:
1491:
By the time that ground communications with Kholm and
Demyansk were regained in May 1942, Luftflotte 1 had flown 14,455 air transport sorties into the pockets. A total of 24,303 tons of supplies and equipment, as well as 15,446 replacements, were flown into the pockets and 22,093 wounded were flown
1547:
could reach them. However the sheer scale of the effort required in
Stalingrad – calculated at 750 tons per day – greatly exceeded the Luftwaffe's now-depleted capacities, when up against the now-strengthened Soviet Air Forces. The Stalingrad airlift effort ultimately
1403:
The intent of the
Northwestern Front offensive was to encircle the entire northern flank of the 16th Army's forces, of which the 2nd Army Corps was only a small part, and the Soviet command was desperate to keep the Front moving even after this success. The first thrust was made by the
1455:
capable of receiving transport aircraft. From the middle of
February, the weather improved significantly, and while there was still considerable snow on the ground at this time, resupply operations were generally very successful due to inactivity of the
1511:, citing the loss of over 200 aircraft and their crew "when annual production of transports was running at only 500; and all to save 90,000 German soldiers, 64,000 of whom were either killed, wounded or too sick for service" by the airlift's end.
1883:
1463:
Over the winter and spring, the
Northwestern Front launched a number of attacks on the "Ramushevo corridor" that formed the tenuous link between Demyansk and Staraya Russa but was unable to reduce the pocket.
1531:
and Hitler that they could conduct effective airlift operations on the
Eastern front. Furthermore, it "determined Hitler in his belief that encircled troops should automatically hold on to their territory.
910:
1891:
1476:
attempted to manoeuvre through the "Ramushevo corridor". Soviet resistance on the Lovat River delayed II Corps' attack until April 14. Over the next several weeks, this corridor was widened. A
1480:
was able to break the siege on 22 April, but the fighting had taken a heavy toll. Out of the approximately 100,000 men originally in the pocket, there were 3,335 lost and over 10,000 wounded.
1239:
of the attack that, beginning the second phase of the northern pincer
Demyansk Offensive Operation between 7 January and 20 May, which encircled the German 16th Army's (Generaloberst
2124:
1370:
903:
2129:
1514:
Fighting in the area continued until 28 February 1943. The Soviet forces did not retake
Demyansk until 1 March 1943, with the organized withdrawal of the German troops.
1208:
The encirclement began as the
Demyansk Offensive Operation, the first phase being carried out from 7 January until 20 May 1942 on the initiative of General Lieutenant
1224:. However, owing to the very difficult wooded and swampy terrain, and heavy snow cover, the initial advance by the Front was very modest against stubborn opposition.
326:
2025:
896:
1318:
1451:, Hitler ordered that the surrounded divisions hold their positions until relieved. The pocket contained two viable airfields at Demyansk and
1432:, with the additional plan of directly attacking the encircled German forces by inserting two airborne brigades to support the advance of the
319:
17:
1605:
Nigel Askey, Operation Barbarossa: the Complete Organisational and Statistical Analysis, and Military Simulation, Volume IIA, 2013, p. 539
1460:(VVS) in the area. However, the operation did use up all of Luftflotte 1's transport capability, as well as elements of its bomber force.
493:
1375:
1166:
653:
648:
312:
363:
113:
2134:
643:
1837:
1827:
1808:
631:
1483:
1228:
488:
353:
2139:
2082:
1334:
1280:
744:
454:
358:
1964:
Rutherford, Jeff (2008). "Life and Death in the Demiansk Pocket: The 123rd Infantry Division in Combat and Occupation".
1324:
1314:
1270:
714:
2012:
1785:
1169:, about 100 km (62 mi) to the southwest. Both resulted from the German retreat after its defeat during the
1065:
719:
609:
510:
79:
57:
1853:
Glantz, David (October 1992). "The Ghosts of Demiansk: In Memory of the Soldiers of the Soviet 1st Airborne Corps".
50:
1055:
699:
694:
464:
387:
1384:
1306:
924:
208:
2144:
770:
614:
1473:
950:
851:
841:
731:
483:
213:
1232:
995:
955:
804:
559:
522:
427:
336:
101:
1495:
The cost to the Luftwaffe was significant, with the loss of 265 aircraft, including 106 Junkers Ju 52, 17
1240:
1543:
in the Battle of Stalingrad, Göring convinced Hitler to resupply the besieged forces by airlift until a
2119:
2056:
1436:. The front soon settled as the Soviet offensive petered out due to difficult terrain and bad weather.
1262:
1010:
940:
836:
798:
564:
1383:
for a total of about 90,000 German troops and around 10,000 auxiliaries. Their commander was General
1302:
1244:
883:
831:
439:
407:
382:
1433:
1420:
released for the operation from Stavka reserve. A second thrust was executed on 12 February by the
1405:
1258:
1248:
750:
542:
44:
2100:
2002:
1185:
809:
626:
588:
576:
459:
444:
1544:
1417:
1413:
1060:
969:
704:
677:
554:
397:
61:
1352:
1290:
1274:
1221:
1177:
1090:
682:
671:
422:
233:
1075:
1536:
1358:
1193:
1189:
1036:
1029:
737:
619:
570:
376:
402:
8:
2070:
814:
780:
725:
1633:
1626:
1439:
After being assured that the pocket could be supplied with its daily requirement of 300
1989:
1981:
1952:
1944:
1870:
1634:"Г.Ф.Кривошеев (под редакцией). Россия и СССР в войнах XX века: Потери вооруженных сил"
1231:
was launched by the Red Army. This incorporated the previous Front's planning into the
1213:
1100:
962:
920:
824:
785:
765:
760:
658:
433:
238:
2008:
1993:
1956:
1823:
1804:
1781:
1457:
1364:
1328:
1284:
1216:. The intention was to sever the link between the German Demyansk positions, and the
1095:
1070:
978:
709:
537:
1908:
1528:
888:
1973:
1936:
1862:
1845:
1797:
1540:
1197:
1170:
1135:
1080:
990:
863:
857:
846:
819:
755:
663:
516:
505:
478:
470:
449:
392:
1524:
1508:
1236:
1209:
1127:
1110:
1105:
1085:
1022:
868:
775:
637:
602:
417:
221:
1940:
1774:
1496:
1425:
1421:
1409:
1181:
581:
412:
1977:
1158:'s Eastern Front. The pocket existed mainly from 8 February to 21 April 1942.
2113:
2040:
2027:
1504:
1500:
1429:
1294:
1217:
1043:
1448:
1162:
1155:
1005:
532:
193:
179:
145:
105:
1840:[Collection. On the North-Western Front — Moscow: "Nauka", 1969],
1399:
Offensive of the Red Army south of Lake Ilmen, 7 January–21 February 1942.
1235:
Operation between 9 January and 6 February 1942 which formed the southern
1477:
1338:
141:
1985:
1395:
1874:
945:
1948:
1884:"The Soviet-German War 1941-1945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay"
1440:
1151:
1142:) was the name given to the pocket of German troops encircled by the
548:
1866:
1147:
1143:
137:
304:
2076:
1472:
On 21 March 1942, German forces under the command of General
1452:
1444:
1220:
railway that formed the lines of communication of the German
1184:. Its success was a major contributor to the decision by the
1909:"Stalingrad: An Examination of Hitler's Decision to Airlift"
1176:
The successful defence of Demyansk was achieved by using an
1749:
1691:
1689:
1838:"Сборник. На Северо-Западном фронте — М.: «Наука», 1969"
1737:
1662:
1650:
1927:
Overy, Richard (July 1980). "Hitler and Air Strategy".
1713:
1686:
1577:
1575:
1573:
2125:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
2054:
1725:
1674:
918:
1701:
1570:
1254:
German forces inside the pocket consisted of :
1587:
1558:
1796:
1773:
2111:
1390:
882:For the Red Army's 1943 Demyansk offensive, see
2130:Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War
1517:
1820:Stalingrad: The Air Battle: 1942-January 1943
1503:aircraft. In addition, 387 airmen were lost.
904:
320:
1487:German forces near Demyansk, 21 March 1942.
1161:A much smaller force was surrounded in the
1963:
1668:
1656:
911:
897:
327:
313:
1817:
1695:
170:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1482:
1394:
43:This article includes a list of general
2000:
1906:
1743:
1680:
1581:
1522:The success of the Luftwaffe convinced
1507:argues that the Demyansk airlift was a
14:
2112:
2004:Demyansk 1942-1943:The frozen fortress
1881:
1852:
1794:
1771:
1755:
1731:
1719:
1623:Nigel Askey, Volume IIA, 2013, p. 539
1614:Nigel Askey, Volume IIA, 2013, p. 539
1593:
1564:
1926:
1707:
1180:and was a significant development in
892:
308:
2083:
29:
24:
1387:, commander of the II Army Corps.
1188:to try the same tactic during the
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
27:1942 battle of WW2's Eastern Front
25:
2156:
1192:, but it then failed to save the
334:
2092:
2064:
1229:Rzhev–Vyazma Strategic Offensive
403:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
186:
172:
112:
34:
1929:Journal of Contemporary History
1385:Walter von Brockdorff-Ahlefeldt
1307:Walter von Brockdorff-Ahlefeldt
1203:
209:Walter von Brockdorff-Ahlefeldt
1617:
1608:
1599:
13:
1:
2135:Encirclements in World War II
2007:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
1907:Hayward, Joel (Spring 1997).
1822:. London: Chevron/Ian Allan.
1813:– via Internet Archive.
1790:– via Internet Archive.
1551:
1474:Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach
1391:Northwestern Front offensives
214:Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach
1818:Bergstrom, Christer (2007).
1803:. New York: Back Bay Books.
1371:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 5
18:Demyansk Offensive Operation
7:
1855:Journal of Military History
1518:Effect on future operations
1467:
289:88,908 killed & missing
10:
2161:
2140:History of Novgorod Oblast
1941:10.1177/002200948001500302
1765:
881:
1978:10.1017/S0008938908000551
1780:. London: Penguin Books.
1369:two squads of Lithuanian
1251:during winter 1941/1942.
1139:
933:
884:Battle of Demyansk (1943)
344:
268:
244:
227:
199:
164:
120:
111:
99:
94:
2001:Forczyk, Robert (2012).
1966:Central European History
1888:Strom Thurmond Institute
1233:Toropets–Kholm Offensive
156:German defensive victory
128:8 February – 20 May 1942
1795:Beevor, Antony (2012).
1772:Beevor, Antony (1999).
1335:123rd Infantry Division
1281:290th Infantry Division
64:more precise citations.
1882:Glantz, David (2001).
1488:
1418:2nd Guards Rifle Corps
1400:
1325:32nd Infantry Division
1315:12th Infantry Division
1271:30th Infantry Division
1131:
278:265 aircraft destroyed
200:Commanders and leaders
2145:Airbridge (logistics)
1486:
1398:
1353:Police Regiment North
1291:SS Division Totenkopf
1275:Kurt von Tippelskirch
956:Evacuation of Tallinn
269:Casualties and losses
1799:The Second World War
1758:, pp. 292, 398.
1359:Reich Labour Service
1190:Battle of Stalingrad
1101:Moonsund Archipelago
2041:57.6500°N 32.4667°E
2037: /
1848:on 24 February 2008
1293:(Obergruppenführer
1247:, and parts of the
1132:Kessel von Demjansk
1056:Relief of Leningrad
951:Strategic defensive
610:Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh
511:Barvenkovo–Lozovaya
1489:
1401:
1227:On 8 January, the
1214:Northwestern Front
805:Western Carpathian
745:2nd Jassy–Kishinev
715:1st Jassy–Kishinev
700:Leningrad–Novgorod
695:Dnieper–Carpathian
239:Northwestern Front
2120:Conflicts in 1942
1829:978-1-85780-276-4
1810:978-0-316-02374-0
1746:, pp. 24–26.
1722:, pp. 43–44.
1535:After the German
1458:Soviet Air Forces
1447:) of supplies by
1365:organisation Todt
1329:Wilhelm Bohnstedt
1285:Theodor von Wrede
1283:(Generalleutnant
1273:(Generalleutnant
1186:Army High Command
1119:
1118:
941:June in Lithuania
879:
878:
303:
302:
274:9,000 KIA and MIA
264:
258:
253:
160:
159:
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
2152:
2105:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2085:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:57.6500; 32.4667
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2018:
1997:
1960:
1923:
1916:Airpower Journal
1913:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1890:. Archived from
1878:
1849:
1844:, archived from
1833:
1814:
1802:
1791:
1779:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1568:
1562:
1426:4th Shock Armies
1379:
1263:Christian Hansen
1198:Friedrich Paulus
1171:Battle of Moscow
1141:
1140:Демя́нский котёл
1066:Karelian Isthmus
928:
913:
906:
899:
890:
889:
771:Petsamo–Kirkenes
649:Belgorod-Kharkov
615:Voronezh–Kharkov
339:
329:
322:
315:
306:
305:
262:
257:(reinforcements)
256:
251:
192:
190:
189:
182:
178:
176:
175:
122:
121:
116:
92:
91:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2084:sister projects
2081:at Knowledge's
2079:Demyansk Pocket
2075:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2015:
1911:
1897:
1895:
1894:on 22 July 2017
1867:10.2307/1986164
1836:
1830:
1811:
1788:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1714:
1706:
1702:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1669:Rutherford 2008
1667:
1663:
1657:Rutherford 2008
1655:
1651:
1642:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1525:Reichsmarschall
1520:
1509:Pyrrhic victory
1470:
1393:
1373:
1346:Auxiliary units
1212:, commander of
1210:Pavel Kurochkin
1206:
1196:, commanded by
1165:at the town of
1124:Demyansk Pocket
1120:
1115:
929:
919:
917:
887:
880:
875:
869:Prague uprising
852:Bratislava–Brno
842:Moravia–Ostrava
732:Lvov–Sandomierz
560:Rzhev–Sychyovka
388:Białystok–Minsk
340:
335:
333:
298:
293:
292:
291:156,603 wounded
290:
285:
280:
279:
277:
275:
254:
222:Pavel Kurochkin
218:
187:
185:
173:
171:
148:
95:Demyansk Pocket
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2158:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2107:
2106:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2020:
2019:
2013:
1998:
1972:(3): 347–380.
1961:
1935:(3): 405–421.
1924:
1904:
1879:
1861:(4): 617–650.
1850:
1842:victory.mil.ru
1834:
1828:
1815:
1809:
1792:
1786:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1734:, p. 286.
1724:
1712:
1710:, p. 414.
1700:
1696:Bergstrom 2007
1685:
1673:
1671:, p. 365.
1661:
1659:, p. 359.
1649:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1586:
1569:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1529:Hermann Göring
1519:
1516:
1497:Heinkel He 111
1469:
1466:
1410:1st Shock Army
1392:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1337:(Generalmajor
1332:
1327:(Generalmajor
1322:
1319:Karl Hernekamp
1311:
1310:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1278:
1267:
1266:
1205:
1202:
1182:modern warfare
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1027:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
996:Toropets–Kholm
993:
982:
981:
976:
975:
974:
960:
959:
958:
948:
943:
934:
931:
930:
916:
915:
908:
901:
893:
877:
876:
874:
873:
872:
871:
861:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
832:East Pomerania
829:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
794:
793:
789:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
741:
734:
729:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
691:
690:
686:
685:
680:
675:
668:
667:
666:
656:
651:
646:
641:
634:
629:
624:
617:
612:
607:
599:
598:
594:
593:
586:
579:
574:
567:
562:
557:
552:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
523:Toropets–Kholm
520:
513:
508:
502:
501:
497:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
475:
474:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
372:
371:
367:
366:
361:
356:
350:
349:
345:
342:
341:
332:
331:
324:
317:
309:
301:
300:
287:
271:
270:
266:
265:
259:
247:
246:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
228:Units involved
225:
224:
219:
217:
216:
211:
205:
202:
201:
197:
196:
183:
167:
166:
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
136:
134:
130:
129:
126:
118:
117:
109:
108:
97:
96:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2157:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2103:
2102:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2072:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2016:
2014:9781849085526
2010:
2006:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1789:
1787:9780140249859
1783:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1769:
1757:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1733:
1728:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1698:, p. 23.
1697:
1692:
1690:
1683:, p. 56.
1682:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1596:, p. 43.
1595:
1590:
1584:, p. 24.
1583:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1567:, p. 31.
1566:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1546:
1545:relief effort
1542:
1538:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:Richard Overy
1502:
1501:Junkers Ju 86
1498:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:Kalinin Front
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1357:units of the
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:II Army Corps
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:Theodor Eicke
1292:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:II Army Corps
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1218:Staraya Russa
1215:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
987:
986:
980:
977:
973:
972:
968:
967:
966:
965:
961:
957:
954:
953:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
937:
932:
926:
922:
914:
909:
907:
902:
900:
895:
894:
891:
885:
870:
867:
866:
865:
862:
860:
859:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
827:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
800:
796:
795:
791:
790:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
746:
742:
740:
739:
735:
733:
730:
728:
727:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
688:
687:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
673:
669:
665:
662:
661:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
639:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
622:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
605:
601:
600:
596:
595:
592:
591:
590:Little Saturn
587:
585:
584:
580:
578:
577:Velikiye Luki
575:
573:
572:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
550:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
518:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
499:
498:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
473:
472:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
435:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
379:
378:
374:
373:
369:
368:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
348:Naval warfare
347:
346:
343:
338:
337:Eastern Front
330:
325:
323:
318:
316:
311:
310:
307:
296:
288:
283:
273:
272:
267:
260:
249:
248:
243:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
226:
223:
220:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
204:
203:
198:
195:
184:
181:
169:
168:
163:
155:
152:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:
131:
127:
124:
123:
119:
115:
110:
107:
103:
102:Eastern Front
98:
93:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2104:from Commons
2099:
2078:
2071:Soviet Union
2021:
2003:
1969:
1965:
1932:
1928:
1919:
1915:
1896:. Retrieved
1892:the original
1887:
1858:
1854:
1846:the original
1841:
1819:
1798:
1775:
1751:
1744:Hayward 1997
1739:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1681:Forczyk 2012
1676:
1664:
1652:
1641:. Retrieved
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1589:
1582:Hayward 1997
1560:
1534:
1523:
1521:
1513:
1494:
1490:
1478:battle group
1471:
1462:
1449:Luftflotte 1
1438:
1402:
1382:
1259:X Army Corps
1253:
1249:X Army Corps
1226:
1207:
1204:Encirclement
1175:
1163:Kholm Pocket
1160:
1156:World War II
1123:
1121:
1049:
1048:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1015:
1000:
984:
983:
970:
963:
935:
856:
837:Lake Balaton
825:
810:East Prussia
799:Vistula–Oder
797:
743:
736:
724:
670:
659:2nd Smolensk
636:
620:
603:
589:
582:
569:
547:
527:
515:
494:Air war 1941
469:
432:
408:1st Smolensk
375:
364:Arctic Ocean
294:
281:
194:Soviet Union
165:Belligerents
146:Soviet Union
106:World War II
100:Part of the
76:
70:October 2008
67:
48:
2044: /
1922:(1): 21–37.
1756:Beevor 1999
1732:Beevor 2012
1720:Beevor 1999
1594:Beevor 1999
1565:Glantz 2001
1374: [
1339:Erwin Rauch
1241:Ernst Busch
1150:, south of
971:Oranienbaum
925:the Baltics
632:Gorky Blitz
627:3rd Kharkov
543:2nd Kharkov
445:1st Kharkov
440:Sea of Azov
263:(initially)
252:(initially)
142:Russian SSR
62:introducing
2114:Categories
2032:32°28′00″E
2029:57°39′00″N
1776:Stalingrad
1708:Overy 1980
1643:2017-06-23
1552:References
1443:(270
1441:short tons
1037:Krasny Bor
1031:Polar Star
946:Summer War
756:2nd Baltic
751:Dukla Pass
738:Doppelkopf
710:2nd Crimea
654:2nd Donbas
644:1st Donbas
621:Polar Star
571:Stalingrad
455:Sevastopol
450:1st Crimea
393:1st Baltic
377:Barbarossa
354:Baltic Sea
276:46,000 WIA
45:references
1994:145326850
1957:162229330
1541:encircled
1434:34th Army
1406:11th Army
1363:units of
1351:units of
1305:(General
1261:(General
1222:16th Army
1178:airbridge
1154:, during
1152:Leningrad
1011:Sinyavino
964:Leningrad
921:Leningrad
781:Gumbinnen
726:Bagration
565:Sinyavino
549:Case Blue
434:Leningrad
359:Black Sea
234:16th Army
1986:20457366
1537:6th Army
1499:and two
1468:Breakout
1412:and the
1317:(Oberst
1194:6th Army
1148:Demyansk
1144:Red Army
1111:Courland
1076:Šiauliai
1001:Demyansk
826:Solstice
786:Budapest
776:Courland
766:Debrecen
761:Belgrade
683:2nd Kiev
555:Caucasus
528:Demyansk
489:Chechnya
423:1st Kiev
261:400,000
250:100,000
245:Strength
138:Demyansk
133:Location
1875:1986164
1766:Sources
1428:of the
1146:around
1136:Russian
1096:Tallinn
1071:Vilnius
979:Tikhvin
927:1941–44
820:Breslau
815:Silesia
720:Karelia
672:Dnieper
538:Bamberg
479:Finland
428:Tallinn
299:245,500
255:31,000
180:Germany
58:improve
2057:Portal
2011:
1992:
1984:
1955:
1949:260411
1947:
1873:
1826:
1807:
1784:
1638:Lib.ru
1492:out.
1237:pincer
1128:German
1081:Kaunas
991:Lyuban
864:Prague
858:Berlin
847:Vienna
664:Lenino
506:Lyuban
471:Moscow
460:Rostov
418:Odessa
286:55,000
191:
177:
153:Result
47:, but
2101:Media
1990:S2CID
1982:JSTOR
1953:S2CID
1945:JSTOR
1912:(PDF)
1898:2 May
1871:JSTOR
1453:Peski
1378:]
1167:Kholm
1106:Memel
1086:Tartu
1061:Narva
1024:Iskra
1006:Kholm
705:Narva
678:Nevel
638:Kursk
604:Iskra
533:Kholm
517:Rzhev
484:Kerch
465:Gorky
398:Brody
383:Brest
295:Total
282:Total
2009:ISBN
1900:2016
1824:ISBN
1805:ISBN
1782:ISBN
1539:was
1424:and
1416:and
1122:The
1091:Riga
1050:1944
1017:1943
985:1942
936:1941
923:and
792:1945
689:1944
597:1943
583:Mars
500:1942
413:Uman
370:1941
125:Date
1974:doi
1937:doi
1863:doi
1422:3rd
1414:1st
1044:Mga
104:of
2116::
1988:.
1980:.
1970:41
1968:.
1951:.
1943:.
1933:15
1931:.
1920:11
1918:.
1914:.
1886:.
1869:.
1859:56
1857:.
1688:^
1636:.
1572:^
1408:,
1376:lt
1243:)
1200:.
1173:.
1138::
1134:;
1130::
144:,
140:,
2087::
2059::
2017:.
1996:.
1976::
1959:.
1939::
1902:.
1877:.
1865::
1832:.
1646:.
1445:t
1341:)
1331:)
1321:)
1309:)
1297:)
1287:)
1277:)
1265:)
1126:(
912:e
905:t
898:v
886:.
328:e
321:t
314:v
297::
284::
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
