Sri Lanka - Knowledge

6267: 5009:(IMF). The IMF had agreed to provide a US$ 1.5 billion bailout loan in April 2016 after Sri Lanka provided a set of criteria intended to improve its economy. By the fourth quarter of 2016, the debt was estimated to be $ 64.9 billion. Additional debt had been incurred in the past by state-owned organisations and this was said to be at least $ 9.5 billion. Since early 2015, domestic debt increased by 12% and external debt by 25%. In November 2016, the IMF reported that the initial disbursement was larger than US$ 150 million originally planned, a full US$ 162.6 million (SDR 119.894 million). The agency's evaluation for the first tranche was cautiously optimistic about the future. Under the program, the Sri Lankan government implemented a new Inland Revenue Act and an automatic fuel pricing formula which was noted by the IMF in its fourth review. In 2018 China agreed to bail out Sri Lanka with a loan of $ 1.25 billion to deal with foreign debt repayment spikes in 2019 to 2021. 21229: 2752: 6278: 5092:, but ignored critical voices from scientific and farming community who warned about possible collapse of farming, including financial crisis due to devaluation of national currency pivoted around tea industry. The situation in the tea industry was described as critical, with farming under the organic program being described as ten times more expensive and producing half of the yield by the farmers. In September 2021 the government declared an economic emergency, as the situation was further aggravated by falling national currency exchange rate, inflation rising as a result of high food prices, and pandemic restrictions in tourism which further decreased country's income. 15792:

returns. At present, there are about 500,000 direct beneficiaries from the tea industry and about 600 factories are operating around the country. In general, the livelihood of around 3 million people is directly and indirectly woven around the domestic tea industry. The researchers and the experienced growers have predicted that a 50 percent reduction in the yield has to be anticipated with the ban of chemical fertilizer. The negative implication of this yield reduction is such that there is a risk of collapsing the banking sector which is centralized around the tea industry in the major tea growing areas including Ratnapura, Galle, Matara, Kaluthara, and Kegalle.

4182: 4175: 4217: 199: 2268: 4224: 23136: 2917: 4857: 5223: 3422: 4203: 4609: 4210: 4189: 20867: 994: 7043: 23457: 3502: 2734: 3197: 4168: 5846: 2999: 3257: 3352: 6712: 4069: 4909: 6448: 6141: 142: 3471: 128: 17396:'The original mandate derives from Commission on Human Rights resolution 20 (XXXVI) of 29 February 1980','Since its establishment, the Working Group has transmitted 12,460 cases to the Government; of those, 40 cases have been clarified on the basis of information provided by the source, 6,535 cases have been clarified on the basis of information provided by the Government, 214 cases were found to be duplications and were therefore deleted, and 5,671 remain outstanding.' 23491: 23418: 3418:, which is an important source of water for elephants inhabiting the surrounding forests. Dubbed "The Gathering", the congregation of elephants can be seen on the tank-bed in the late dry season (August to October) as the surrounding water sources steadily disappear. The park also encompasses a range of micro-habitats which include classic dry zone tropical monsoonal evergreen forest, thick stands of giant bamboo, hilly pastures (patanas), and grasslands (talawas). 1593: 3697: 3633: 685: 21040: 20379: 23533: 23301: 23240: 23227: 23188: 23175: 19033: 1688: 6899: 5115: 5233: 2527: 23431: 21052: 20389: 23327: 23264: 23366: 23201: 6655: 23379: 23314: 23288: 23123: 23520: 2635: 23559: 23444: 23353: 21890: 2252: 23585: 23405: 23392: 23340: 6093: 2039: 9520:"Annual trade between China and India through the Malacca Straits had opened by about 200 BCE. Perhaps by that time Austronesian sailors were regularly carrying cloves and cinnamon to India and Sri Lanka, and perhaps even as far as the coast of Africa in boats with outriggers. Certainly they have left numerous traces in canoe design, rigs, outriggers and fishing techniques, and a mention in Greek literature (Christie 1957)." 4196: 2624: 3301:. Department of Wildlife Conservation administrates 61 wildlife sanctuaries, 22 national parks, four nature reserves, three strict nature reserves, and one jungle corridor while Department of Forest Conservation oversees 65 conservation forests and one national heritage wilderness area. 26.5% of the country's land area is legally protected. This is a higher percentage of protected areas when compared to the rest of Asia. 23572: 23546: 23162: 23214: 5891: 4933: 19023: 23149: 860: 817: 798: 765: 746: 5930:(central schools) in different parts of the country in order to provide education to Sri Lanka's rural children. In 1942, a special education committee proposed extensive reforms to establish an efficient and quality education system for the people. However, in the 1980s changes to this system separated the administration of schools between the central government and the provincial government. Thus the elite 3083: 1880: 4976:, described Sri Lanka's economy as transitioning from the factor-driven stage to the efficiency-driven stage and that it ranked 52nd in global competitiveness. Also, out of the 142 countries surveyed, Sri Lanka ranked 45th in health and primary education, 32nd in business sophistication, 42nd in innovation, and 41st in goods market efficiency. In 2016, Sri Lanka ranked 5th in the 5864:

country has contributed much towards these figures. Sri Lanka ranks first among southeast Asian countries with respect to deaths by suicide, with 33 deaths per 100,000 persons. According to the Department of Census and Statistics, poverty, destructive pastimes, and inability to cope with stressful situations are the main causes behind the high suicide rates. On 8 July 2020, the

1436:). In 1972, its formal name was changed to "Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka". Later, on 7 September 1978, it was changed to the "Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka". As the name Ceylon still appears in the names of a number of organisations, the Sri Lankan government announced in 2011 a plan to rename all those over which it has authority. 7434: 5725:), having previously been preserved as an oral tradition, was first committed to writing in Sri Lanka around 30 BCE. Sri Lanka has the longest continuous history of Buddhism of any predominantly Buddhist nation. During periods of decline, the Sri Lankan monastic lineage was revived through contact with Thailand and Burma. 3212:, where frost may occur for several days in the winter, to a maximum of 33 °C (91.4 °F) in low-altitude areas. Average yearly temperatures range from 28 °C (82.4 °F) to nearly 31 °C (87.8 °F). Day and night temperatures may vary by 14 °C (57.2 °F) to 18 °C (64.4 °F). 5045:. A and B grade roads are national (arterial) highways administered by Road Development Authority. C and D grade roads are provincial roads coming under the purview of the Provincial Road Development Authority of the respective province. The other roads are local roads falling under local government authorities. 3414:. The untapped genetic potential of Sinharaja flora is enormous. Of the 211 woody trees and lianas within the reserve, 139 (66%) are endemic. The total vegetation density, including trees, shrubs, herbs, and seedlings, has been estimated at 240,000 individuals per hectare. The Minneriya National Park borders the 6810:) highest ODI run scorers of all time, which is the second best by a team. As of June 2022, Muttiah Muralitharan has the highest aggregate wickets in Test Cricket with a record 800 wickets, a feat he achieved in a Test Match against India in July 2010 that Sri Lanka had won by 10 Wickets. Sri Lanka has won the 184: 2395: 180: 19056: 183: 182: 186: 185: 5095:

In November 2021, Sri Lanka abandoned its plan to become the world's first organic farming nation following rising food prices and weeks of protests against the plan. As of December 2021, the damage to agricultural production was already done, with prices having risen substantially for vegetables in

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While the production and export of tea, rubber, coffee, sugar, and other commodities remain important, industrialisation has increased the importance of food processing, textiles, telecommunications, and finance. The country's main economic sectors are tourism, tea export, clothing, rice production,

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The United National Party has traditionally favoured links with the West, while the Sri Lanka Freedom Party has favoured links with the East. Sri Lankan Finance Minister J. R. Jayewardene, together with then Australian Foreign Minister Sir Percy Spencer, proposed the Colombo Plan at the Commonwealth

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due to high levels of species endemism. The number of biodiversity hotspots has now increased to 34. Sri Lanka has the highest biodiversity per unit area among Asian countries for flowering plants and all vertebrate groups except birds. A remarkably high proportion of the species among its flora and

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form a religious minority, Hinduism has been present in Sri Lanka at least since the 2nd century BCE. Hinduism was the dominant religion in Sri Lanka before the arrival of Buddhism in the 3rd century BCE. Buddhism was introduced into Sri Lanka by Mahinda, the son of Emperor Ashoka, during the reign

5701:" of Sri Lanka under Chapter II, Article 9, "The Republic of Sri Lanka shall give to Buddhism the foremost place and accordingly it shall be the duty of the State to protect and foster the Buddha Sasana". Buddhism is practised by 70.2% of the Sri Lankan population with most being predominantly from 5033:

Sri Lanka has an extensive road network for inland transportation. With more than 100,000 km (62,000 mi) of paved roads, it has one of the highest road densities in the world (1.5 km or 0.93 mi of paved roads per every 1 km or 0.39 sq mi of land). The road network

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is influenced primarily by Buddhism and Hinduism. Sri Lanka is the home to two main traditional cultures: the Sinhalese (centred in Kandy and Anuradhapura) and the Tamil (centred in Jaffna). Tamils co-existed with the Sinhalese people since then, and the early mixing rendered the two ethnic groups

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who have disappeared after detention by security forces in Sri Lanka, the second-highest figure in the world since the Working Group came into being in 1980. The Sri Lankan government confirmed that 6,445 of these died. Allegations of human rights abuses have not ended with the close of the ethnic

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As of 2020, the service sector makes up 59.7% of GDP, the industrial sector 26.2%, and the agriculture sector 8.4%. The private sector accounts for 85% of the economy. China, India and the United States are Sri Lanka's largest trading partners. Economic disparities exist between the provinces with

2070:(1153–1186). This period is considered as a time when Sri Lanka was at the height of its power. He built 1,470 reservoirs – the highest number by any ruler in Sri Lanka's history – repaired 165 dams, 3,910 canals, 163 major reservoirs, and 2,376 mini-reservoirs. His most famous construction is the 2899:

killed over 30,000 and displaced over 500,000 people in Sri Lanka. From 1985 to 2006, the Sri Lankan government and Tamil insurgents held four rounds of peace talks without success. Both LTTE and the government resumed fighting in 2006, and the government officially backed out of the ceasefire in

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of 75.5 years at birth, which is 10% higher than the world average. The infant mortality rate stands at 8.5 per 1,000 births and the maternal mortality rate at 0.39 per 1,000 births, which is on par with figures from developed countries. The universal "pro-poor" health care system adopted by the

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of the government. Each provincial council is an autonomous body not under the authority of any ministry. Some of its functions had been undertaken by central government ministries, departments, corporations, and statutory authorities, but authority over land and police is not as a rule given to

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winds from the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. The "wet zone" and some of the windward slopes of the central highlands receive up to 2,500 millimetres (98.4 in) of rain each year, but the leeward slopes in the east and northeast receive little rain. Most of the east, southeast, and northern

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By diverting the attention of policymakers towards pointless nonscientific arguments instead of promoting such integrated management systems and high technological fertilizer production, will be only a time-wasting effort and meanwhile, the global demand for Ceylon Tea will generate diminishing

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bring overcast skies and rains to the southwest, northeast, and eastern parts of the island. Humidity is typically higher in the southwest and mountainous areas and depends on the seasonal patterns of rainfall. An increase in average rainfall coupled with heavier rainfall events has resulted in

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declared the collapse of the Sri Lankan economy in parliament. The crisis resulted in Sri Lanka defaulting on its $ 51 billion sovereign debt for the first time in its history, along with double-digit inflation, a crippling energy crisis that led to approximately 15 hour power cuts, severe fuel

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occurred caused by rapidly increasing foreign debt, massive government budget deficits due to tax cuts, falling foreign remittances, a food crisis caused by mandatory organic farming along with a ban on chemical fertilizers, and a multitude of other factors. The Sri Lankan Government officially

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During the Mahaweli Program of the 1970s and 1980s in northern Sri Lanka, the government set aside four areas of land totalling 1,900 km (730 sq mi) as national parks. Statistics of Sri Lanka's forest cover show rapid deforestation from 1956 to 2010. In 1956, 44.2 percent of the

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Sri Lanka has 17 public universities. A lack of responsiveness of the education system to labour market requirements, disparities in access to quality education, lack of an effective linkage between secondary and tertiary education remain major challenges for the education sector. A number of

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on July 9, 2022, and resulted in President Gotabaya Rajapaksa fleeing to Singapore and later emailing his resignation to parliament, formally announcing his resignation and making him the first Sri Lankan president to resign in the middle of his term. On the same day the President's House was

3928:(ITAK), also known as the Federal Party, becoming the main Tamil political party in Sri Lanka for next two decades. The Federal Party advocated a more aggressive stance toward the Sinhalese. With the constitutional reforms of 1972, the ACTC and ITAK created the Tamil United Front (later 2576:, pressing colonial masters for more constitutional reforms. But without massive popular support, and with the governor's encouragement for "communal representation" by creating a "Colombo seat" that dangled between Sinhalese and Tamils, the Congress lost momentum towards the mid-1920s. 7422: 4588:, and were formerly known as "D.R.O. divisions" after the divisional revenue officer. Later, the D.R.O.s became "assistant government agents," and the divisions were known as "A.G.A. divisions". These divisional secretariats are currently administered by a divisional secretary. 3616:. Members are elected by universal suffrage for a five-year term. The president may summon, suspend, or end a legislative session and dissolve Parliament at any time after four and a half years. The parliament reserves the power to make all laws. The president's deputy and 2912:

defeated the LTTE, bringing an end to the 26 year long civil war on 19 May 2009, and re-established control of the entire country by the Sri Lankan Government. Overall, between 60,000 and 100,000 people were killed during the course of the 26 year long conflict.

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visited Sri Lanka in May 2013. After her visit, she said: "The war may have ended , but in the meantime, democracy has been undermined and the rule of law eroded." Pillay spoke about the military's increasing involvement in civilian life and reports of military

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reached the country at least as early as the fifth century (and possibly in the first), gaining a wider foothold through Western colonists who began to arrive early in the 16th century. Around 7.4% of the Sri Lankan population are Christians, of whom 82% are

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of 92.9%, Sri Lanka has one of the most literate populations amongst developing nations. Its youth literacy rate stands at 98.8%, computer literacy rate at 35%, and primary school enrollment rate at over 99%. An education system which dictates nine years of

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named Sri Lanka, repudiating its dominion status. Prolonged minority grievances and the use of communal emotionalism as an election campaign weapon by both Sinhalese and Tamil leaders abetted a fledgling Tamil militancy in the north during the 1970s. The

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reciters), the surviving monks recognised the danger of not writing it down so that even if some of the monks whose duty it was to study and remember parts of the Canon for later generations died, the teachings would not be lost. After the council,

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just three years after broadcasting began in Europe. The station broadcasts services in Sinhala, Tamil, English and Hindi. Since the 1980s, many private radio stations have also been introduced. Broadcast television was introduced in 1979 when the

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under British rule raised the strategic importance of the island as a centre of trade. From 1948 to 1977, socialism strongly influenced the government's economic policies. Colonial plantations were dismantled, industries were nationalised, and a

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is a symbolic Buddhist festival consisting of dances and decorated elephants held in Kandy in July and August. Fire dances, whip dances, Kandyan dances and various other cultural dances are integral parts of the festival. Christians celebrate

3987:(known by its Sinhala initials SLPP), obtained a landslide victory and a clear majority in the parliament. Five members of the Rajapaksa family won seats in the new parliament. Former president Mahinda Rajapaksa became the new prime minister. 14499: 13880: 5096:

Sri Lanka, and time needed to recover from the crisis. The ban on fertiliser has been lifted for certain crops, but the price of urea has risen internationally due to the price for oil and gas. Jeevika Weerahewa, a senior lecturer at the

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are accepted by some ornithologists as endemic while some ornithologists consider only 27 are endemic and the remaining six are considered as proposed endemics. Sri Lanka's protected areas are administrated by two government bodies; The

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to assist geographically disadvantaged students to obtain tertiary education, resulted in reducing the proportion of Tamil students at university level and acted as the immediate catalyst for the rise of militancy. The assassination of

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the Western Province contributing 45.1% of the GDP and the Southern Province and the Central Province contributing 10.7% and 10%, respectively. With the end of the war, the Northern Province reported a record 22.9% GDP growth in 2010.

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deepened the channel. Portions are still as shallow as 1 metre (3 ft), hindering navigation. The island consists mostly of flat to rolling coastal plains, with mountains rising only in the south-central part. The highest point is

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is the third most prevalent religion in the country, having first been brought to the island by Arab traders over the course of many centuries, starting around the mid or late 7th century CE. Most followers on the island today are

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doubled. 99% of the households in Sri Lanka are electrified; 93.2% of the population have access to safe drinking water; and 53.1% have access to pipe-borne water. Income inequality has also dropped in recent years, indicated by a

2074:, the largest irrigation project of medieval Sri Lanka. Parākramabāhu's reign is memorable for two major campaigns – in the south of India as part of a Pandyan war of succession, and a punitive strike against the kings of Ramanna ( 4054:

Provinces in Sri Lanka have existed since the 19th century, but they had no legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment of the 1978 constitution established provincial councils after several decades of increasing demand for a

6122:. The British colonial culture has also influenced the locals. The rich cultural traditions shared by all Sri Lankan cultures is the basis of the country's long life expectancy, advanced health standards, and high literacy rate. 4064:. Prior to 1987, all administrative tasks for the provinces were handled by a district-based civil service which had been in place since colonial times. Now each province is administered by a directly elected provincial council: 3648:– the highest and final superior court of record, a Court of Appeal, High Courts and a number of subordinate courts. The highly complex legal system reflects diverse cultural influences. Criminal law is based almost entirely on 3348:. The wet zone is a tropical evergreen forest with tall trees, broad foliage, and a dense undergrowth of vines and creepers. Subtropical evergreen forests resembling those of temperate climates flourish in the higher altitudes. 3877:

Sri Lanka is essentially a multi-party democracy with many smaller Buddhist, socialist, and Tamil nationalist political parties. As of July 2011, the number of registered political parties in the country is 67. Of these, the

6184:. Middle Eastern influences and practices are found in traditional Moor dishes, while Dutch and Portuguese influences are found with the island's Burgher community preserving their culture through traditional dishes such as 2097:, ransacked and destroyed everything in the ancient Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa Kingdoms beyond recovery. His priorities in ruling were to extract as much as possible from the land and overturn as many of the traditions of 181: 3885:

The UNP, established by D. S. Senanayake in 1946, was until recently the largest single political party. It is the only political group which had representation in all parliaments since independence. SLFP was founded by

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There are three other types of local authorities: municipal councils (18), urban councils (13) and pradeshiya sabha, also called pradesha sabhai (256). Local authorities were originally based on feudal counties named

15812: 15415:"Sri Lanka : 2018 Article IV Consultation and the Fourth Review Under the Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Sri Lanka" 1971:, who ruled between 477 and 495. The Sigiriya rock fortress is surrounded by an extensive network of ramparts and moats. Inside this protective enclosure were gardens, ponds, pavilions, palaces and other structures. 6493:

The history of Sri Lankan painting and sculpture can be traced as far back as to the 2nd or 3rd century BCE. The earliest mention about the art of painting on Mahāvaṃsa, is to the drawing of a palace on cloth using

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Ranagalage, M.; Gunarathna, M. H. J. P.; Surasinghe, T. D.; Dissanayake, D. M. S. L. G.; Simwanda, M.; Murayama, Y.; Morimoto, T.; Phiri, D.; Nyirenda, V. R.; Premakantha, K. T.; Sathurusinghe, A. (1 August 2020).

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Gunawardene, N. R.; Daniels, A. E. D.; Gunatilleke, I. A. U. N.; Gunatilleke, C. V. S.; Karunakaran, P. V.; Nayak, K.; Prasad, S.; Puyravaud, P.; Ramesh, B. R.; Subramanian, K. A; Vasanthy, G. (10 December 2007).

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to colour. In recent years, movies have featured subjects such as family melodrama, social transformation and the years of conflict between the military and the LTTE. The Sri Lankan cinematic style is similar to

11454: 11853: 15778: 15632: 14411: 7750: 23954: 21767: 3594:. The president is immune from legal proceedings while in the office with respect to any acts done or omitted to be done by him or her in either an official or private capacity. Following the passage of the 16221: 7044: 3481: with: is missing explication of the constitutional socialist nature of the republic that is reflected in the formal name of the country: "Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka". You can help by 11569: 2692:

as the only official language of the government. Although partially reversed in 1958, the bill posed a grave concern for the Tamil community, which perceived in it a threat to their language and culture.

12482: 2712:, leader of the FP, to resolve the looming ethnic conflict. The pact proved ineffective in the face of ongoing protests by opposition and the Buddhist clergy. The bill, together with various government 14024: 22112: 19765: 14491: 17241: 11883: 11733: 19552: 7354: 2684:

was elected prime minister in 1956. His three-year rule had a profound influence through his self-proclaimed role of "defender of the besieged Sinhalese culture". He introduced the controversial

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to Sri Lanka to re-establish Buddhism, which had almost disappeared from the country during the Chola reign. During the medieval period, Sri Lanka was divided into three sub-territories, namely,

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damage because it believed it would harm Japan's economy. Sri Lanka-China relations started as soon as the People's Republic of China was formed in 1949. The two countries signed an important

2587:(the franchise stood at 4% before the reforms). This step was strongly criticised by the Tamil political leadership, who realised that they would be reduced to a minority in the newly created 1074:, who are the largest minority group and are concentrated in northern Sri Lanka; both groups have played an influential role in the island's history. Other long-established groups include the 23979: 15868: 16008: 15572: 15516: 11823: 5946:

private, degree awarding institutions have emerged in recent times to fill in these gaps, yet the participation at tertiary level education remains at 5.1%. Sri Lanka was ranked 90th in the

2519:, struck the coffee plantations in 1869, destroying the entire industry within fifteen years. The British quickly found a replacement: abandoning coffee, they began cultivating tea instead. 15969: 15838: 15414: 8270: 9278: 7663:

British Prime Minister Winston Churchill described the moment a Japanese fleet prepared to invade Sri Lanka as "the most dangerous and distressing moment of the entire conflict". –

2425:, third of the four Nayakkar kings of Sri Lanka, died of a fever. Following his death, a nephew of Rajadhi Rajasinha, eighteen-year-old Kannasamy, was crowned. The young king, now named 19582: 12499: 2337:

resulted in a Dutch victory, with Colombo falling into Dutch hands by 1656. The Dutch remained in the areas they had captured, thereby violating the treaty they had signed in 1638. The

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reported that it had received 233 referrals of torture survivors from Sri Lanka for clinical treatment or other services provided by the charity. In the same year, the group published

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in 1965, serves as a third force in the current political context. It endorses leftist policies which are more radical than the traditionalist leftist politics of the LSSP and the

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completed the first review of Sri Lanka's economic performance under the program supported by a three-year extended arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF) arrangement.

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1960 saw the election of Sirimavo Bandaranaike as Ceylon's Prime Minister and the first time in world history that the heads of both state and government in a country were female.

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While the government is aiming to raise its low revenue collection, partly through an increase in the value-added tax rate ... the country has a spotty record on tax collection.

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law are followed in special cases. The president appoints judges to the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, and the High Courts. A judicial service commission, composed of the

22105: 15444: 15346: 12983: 11905: 6513:, a blend of European and Indian theatrical conventions to the Colombo audience in the 19th century. The golden age of Sri Lankan drama and theatre began with the staging of 2984:

took oath as the ninth President of Sri Lanka. He implemented various economic reforms in efforts to stabilize Sri Lanka's economy, which has shown slight improvement since.

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during final stages of the civil war. Corruption remains a problem in Sri Lanka, and there is little protection for those who stand up against corruption. The 135-year-old

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and A. Ratnayake. It is one of the few countries in the world that provide universal free education from primary to tertiary stage. Kannangara led the establishment of the

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and other agricultural products. In addition to these economic sectors, overseas employment, especially in the Middle East, contributes substantially in foreign exchange.

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since 2019. The anti-government sentiment across various parts of Sri Lanka has triggered unprecedented political instability, creating shockwaves in the political arena.

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As of 2020, 192 newspapers (122 Sinhala, 24 Tamil, 43 English, 3 multilingual) are published and 25 TV stations and 58 radio stations are in operation. In recent years,

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The per capita income of Sri Lanka doubled from 2005 to 2011. During the same period, poverty dropped from 15.2% to 7.6%, unemployment rate dropped from 7.2% to 4.9%,

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in 1986, 1997, 2004, 2008, 2014. and 2022. Sri Lanka once held the highest team score in all three formats of cricket. The country co-hosted the Cricket World Cup in

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The next three centuries starting from 1215 were marked by kaleidoscopically shifting collections of capitals in south and central Sri Lanka, including Dambadeniya,

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successfully drove the Chola out of Sri Lanka in 1070, reuniting the country for the first time in over a century. Upon his request, ordained monks were sent from

713: 16232: 13952: 6080:, which documents evidence of torture in Sri Lanka and demonstrates that the practice has continued long after the end of the civil war in 2009. On 29 July 2020, 20257: 20237: 19971: 17434: 16638: 13384: 11561: 7948: 2889: 14864: 7719: 23606: 23112: 20227: 13732: 13581: 12479: 18734: 14013: 8069: 23949: 11024: 3595: 17310: 3932:). Following a period of turbulence as Tamil militants rose to power in the late 1970s, these Tamil political parties were succeeded in October 2001 by the 3382:

in the northwest, the largest national park, preserves the habitats of many water birds such as storks, pelicans, ibis, and spoonbills. The island has four

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The Dutch in Ceylon: an account of their early visits to the island, their conquests, and their rule over the maritime regions during a century and a half

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and the legal, educational, engineering, and medical professions with natives. New leaders represented the various ethnic groups of the population in the

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stalled economic development and prompted the governor to introduce a series of taxes on firearms, dogs, shops, boats, etc., and to reintroduce a form of

23974: 17245: 15745: 11875: 11725: 8196: 7213: 5837:, Sri Lanka was ranked the third most religious country in the world, with 99% of Sri Lankans saying religion was an important part of their daily life. 5705:

school of thought. Most Buddhists are of the Sinhalese ethnic group with minority Tamils. Buddhism was introduced to Sri Lanka in the 2nd century BCE by

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such as the clauses on language, religion, and reference to Sri Lanka as a unitary state require both a two-thirds majority and approval in a nationwide

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The arid northwest and southeast coasts receive the least rain at 800 to 1,200 mm (31 to 47 in) per year. Periodic squalls occur and sometimes

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demanded a 50–50 representation (50% for the Sinhalese and 50% for other ethnic groups) in the State Council. However, this demand was not met by the

2167:. They were then expelled by the South Indian Pandyan dynasty. However, this temporary invasion reinforced the steady flow of the presence of various 23924: 23729: 23724: 23719: 23714: 23709: 23704: 23699: 23694: 18264: 16829: 14709: 12791: 12646:

Weerakoon, D. K.; Gunawardena, K. (2012). "The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Birds in Sri Lanka". In Weerakoon, D. K.; Wijesundara, S. (eds.).

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Sri Lanka never really recovered from the effects of Kalinga Magha's invasion. King Vijayabâhu III, who led the resistance, brought the kingdom to

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Sri Lanka's documented history goes back 3,000 years, with evidence of prehistoric human settlements dating back 125,000 years. The earliest known

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has resulted in the collapse of its currency, rising inflation, and a humanitarian crisis due to a severe shortage of essentials. This led to the

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Many names have been used to refer to the island, with Ceylon being used post-independence and still in use in some cases. For other names, see

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in the 2nd century BCE. The chronicles have a description of various paintings in relic chambers of Buddhist stupas and in monastic residences.

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Tourism, which provided the economy with an input of foreign currency, has significantly declined as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

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The Bandaranaike government of 1956 significantly changed the pro-western policies set by the previous UNP government. It recognised Cuba under

3113:, which is approximately 6.7 times Sri Lanka's land area. The coastline and adjacent waters support highly productive marine ecosystems such as 22385: 21493: 15165: 14986: 14821: 14208: 14115: 12290: 8497: 6084:

said that the Sri Lanka government has targeted lawyers, human rights defenders, and journalists to suppress criticism against the government.

3101:, extending 335 kilometres (208 mi). These waterways give rise to 51 natural waterfalls of 10 metres (33 ft) or more. The highest is 2116:. The Jaffna kingdom never came under the rule of any kingdom of the south except on one occasion; in 1450, following the conquest led by king 17267: 16580: 15026: 12920: 12693:"Wildlife Viewing Preferences of Visitors to Sri Lanka's National Parks: Implications for Visitor Management and Sustainable Tourism Planning" 12507: 10214: 8094: 23939: 22395: 19654: 14687: 14651: 13811: 13785: 13637: 12874:"Multi-Decadal Forest-Cover Dynamics in the Tropical Realm: Past Trends and Policy Insights for Forest Conservation in Dry Zone of Sri Lanka" 8742: 5005:

By 2016, the country's debt soared as it was developing its infrastructure to the point of near bankruptcy which required a bailout from the

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and the provincial schools by the provincial government. Sri Lanka has approximately 10,155 government schools, 120 private schools and 802

2892:(Muslims by religion) from northern Sri Lanka. In 2002, the Sri Lankan government and LTTE signed a Norwegian-mediated ceasefire agreement. 1526:

During the protohistoric period (1000–500 BCE) Sri Lanka was culturally united with southern India, and shared the same megalithic burials,

23959: 23007: 23002: 22508: 21090: 16265: 14886: 13698: 13117: 11204: 7460: 4995: 3823: 2356:. In spite of on-going intermittent warfare with Europeans, the kingdom survived. Later, a crisis of succession emerged in Kandy upon king 871: 14589: 13549: 11755: 11651: 11170: 9970: 9556: 23880: 20587: 19594: 17123: 16606: 16407: 16199: 14629: 10994: 10809: 10733: 10141: 9750: 8712: 7243: 6874: 2943: 1782:. It is probable that many of the scriptures from Nalanda are preserved in Sri Lanka's many monasteries and that the written form of the 1209: 18416: 13840: 13027: 11621: 11599: 11531: 11476: 11294: 7926: 7151: 6115: 4786:

Since independence in 1948, the primary focus of the armed forces has been internal security, crushing three major insurgencies, two by

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shortages leading to the suspension of fuel to all non-essential vehicles, and more such economic disorder. Due to the crisis, massive

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formally ceded the entire country to the British Empire. Attempts by Sri Lankan noblemen to undermine British power in 1818 during the

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are also notable works of this period, which is considered to be the golden age of Sri Lankan literature. The first modern-day novel,

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Officially, the constitution of Sri Lanka guarantees human rights as ratified by the United Nations. However, several groups, such as

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in 1962. During her second term as prime minister, the government instituted socialist economic policies, strengthening ties with the

1121:, Sri Lanka's geographic location and deep harbours have made it of great strategic importance, from the earliest days of the ancient 21734: 21719: 20345: 20184: 19377: 18540: 17380: 15538: 15198: 14380: 13607: 12616: 769: 16980:

Dutta, Soumitra; Lanvin, Bruno; Wunsch-Vincent, Sacha; León, Lorena Rivera; World Intellectual Property Organization (13 May 2024).

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was launched. Initially, all television stations were state-controlled, but private television networks began broadcasting in 1992.

2391:

later that year. Kings of the Nayakkar dynasty launched several attacks on Dutch controlled areas, which proved to be unsuccessful.

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In June 2021, Sri Lanka imposed a nationwide ban on inorganic fertilisers and pesticides. The program was welcomed by its advisor

3448:

country's land area had forest cover. Forest cover depleted rapidly in recent decades; 29.6 percent in 1999, 28.7 percent in 2010.

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parts of Sri Lanka constitute the "dry zone", which receives between 1,200 and 1,900 mm (47 and 75 in) of rain annually.

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considers the cleanest tea in the world in terms of pesticide residues. Sri Lanka is also the world's 2nd largest exporter of tea.

2779: 21590: 21535: 21393: 20999: 20876: 19210: 16100: 15675: 15382:"IMF Completes First Review of the Extended Arrangement Under the EFF with Sri Lanka and Approves US$ 162.6 Million Disbursement" 9935: 8409: 8133: 6466:

dances. Of these, the Kandyan style is most prominent. It is a sophisticated form of dance that consists of five sub-categories:

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and gradually extended their control over the coastal areas. In 1592, after decades of intermittent warfare with the Portuguese,

17888: 16883: 16362: 14328: 4798:. The armed forces have been in a continuous mobilised state for the last 30 years. The Sri Lankan Armed Forces have engaged in 4767:. The total strength of the three services is around 346,000 personnel, with nearly 36,000 reserves. Sri Lanka has not enforced 3979:

won the election, and he was later sworn in as the new president of Sri Lanka. Their firm grip of power was consolidated in the

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In 1919, major Sinhalese and Tamil political organisations united to form the Ceylon National Congress, under the leadership of

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from 1815 to 1948. A national movement for political independence arose in the early 20th century, and in 1948, Ceylon became a

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Parakramabahu 1 further extended the system to the highest resplendent peak of hydraulic civilization of the country's history.

7346: 6373:, is the subject of a documentary on his life in Sri Lanka. His work is published in Sinhala and English. Naturalised Canadian 6282: 5130:

is 6.0 deaths per 1,000 people. Population density is highest in western Sri Lanka, especially in and around the capital.

4805:

operations since the early 1960s, contributing forces to permanent contingents deployed in several UN peacekeeping missions in

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Robin Conningham – Anuradhapura – The British-Sri Lankan Excavations at Anuradhapura Salgaha Watta Volumes 1 and 2 (1999/2006)

1129:. Because its location made it a major trading hub, it was already known to both East Asians and Europeans as long ago as the 22410: 19783: 19457: 18779: 18716: 18674: 18645: 17854: 17798: 17767: 17740: 17673: 17638: 17596: 17569: 16999: 16941: 16795: 16462: 14727: 14667: 14144: 14087: 13458: 13063: 12963: 12660: 12179: 12090: 11099: 10770: 10567: 10498: 10459: 10186: 10135: 10102: 10063: 9888: 9810: 9777: 9440: 9397: 9319: 9232: 9110: 8948: 8921: 8894: 8683: 8529: 8473: 8442: 8278: 7905: 7876: 7837: 7810: 7783: 7648: 7590: 7563: 7333: 7304: 5895: 5035: 4033: 4021: 3972: 3964: 3891: 2977: 1224:

step down. The country has had a long history of engagement with modern international groups; it is a founding member of the

17947: 16550: 15316: 14788: 14150: 14093: 13464: 13413: 12114: 11970: 11105: 10776: 10573: 10465: 10192: 9894: 9816: 9694: 9446: 9403: 9325: 9260: 9238: 9155: 9116: 8954: 7843: 7482: 3105:, with a height of 263 metres (863 ft). Sri Lanka's coastline is 1,585 km (985 mi) long. Sri Lanka claims an 2509:, requiring six days free labour on roads or payment of a cash equivalent. These harsh measures antagonised the locals, and 1891:(477–495 CE) as a new more defensible capital. It was also used as a Buddhist monastery after the capital was moved back to 1759:

carrying the message of Buddhism. His mission won over the monarch, who embraced the faith and propagated it throughout the

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economy was introduced to the country, incorporating privatisation, deregulation, and the promotion of private enterprise.

4681: 4553: 3514: 2383:, the crown passed to the brother of one of Narendrasinha's princesses, overlooking Narendrasinha's own son by a Sinhalese 21280: 15598: 12997: 12845: 12666: 10912: 10406: 9716: 8220:

Ancient Ceylon 6: Biological anthropology of upper Pleistocene hominids from Sri Lanka: Batadomba Lena and Beli Lena caves

7265: 22067: 21255: 21250: 20340: 19981: 19966: 19869: 19502: 17066: 16869: 16122: 15920: 14180: 11416: 11130: 10835: 10366: 10334: 9168:... and when at the height of its prosperity, during the long and glorious reign of Parakramabahu the Great ... 9004: 7695: 6047: 5077: 3844: 2705: 2452:, ending Sri Lanka's independence. Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, the last native monarch of Sri Lanka, was exiled to India. The 2341:, a distinct ethnic group, emerged as a result of intermingling between the Dutch and native Sri Lankans in this period. 2176: 1915:

in 25 BCE. The council was held in response to a year in which the harvests in Sri Lanka were particularly poor and many

17210: 17030: 16070: 15701: 15485: 15369:"We still don't know the exact total debt number," Sri Lanka's prime minister admitted to parliament earlier this month. 14532: 13862: 8303: 5749:(devotional worship of Lord Shiva) was the dominant branch practised by the Tamil peoples, thus most of the traditional 1805:

became enlightened. It is considered the oldest human-planted tree (with a continuous historical record) in the world. (

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The pre-history of Sri Lanka goes back 125,000 years and possibly even as far back as 500,000 years. The era spans the

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Sri Lanka has a population of approximately 22 million and is home to several cultures, languages and ethnicities. The

802: 21595: 14232: 13380: 7952: 7183: 6570:, written in the 6th century, provide vivid descriptions of Sri Lankan dynasties. According to the German philosopher 6556:, the standard collection of scriptures in the Theravada Buddhist tradition, was written down in Sri Lanka during the 2869:

ministers, which resulted in more than 150,000 Tamil civilians fleeing the island, seeking asylum in other countries.

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who trace their religious heritage directly to the Portuguese. Tamil Catholics attribute their religious heritage to

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and warm because of moderating effects of ocean winds. Mean temperatures range from 17 °C (62.6 °F) in the

1732: 1000: 21308: 18496: 16884:"Universities and Higher Educational Institutions established under the purview of the University Grants Commission" 14757: 13724: 12462: 12342: 12286: 9206:

His reign is described by Tumour as having been the most martial, enterprising, and glorious in Singhalese history.

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provincial councils. Between 1989 and 2006, the Northern and Eastern provinces were temporarily merged to form the

3991: 3816: 3506: 2815: 2614: 2457: 2357: 2345: 2344:

The Kingdom of Kandy was the last independent monarchy of Sri Lanka. In 1595, Vimaladharmasurya brought the sacred

2014: 1190: 558: 13184: 12033: 11016: 8810:

Plantation Forestry in the Tropics: Tree Planting for Industrial, Social, Environmental, and Agroforestry Purposes

8378:

Secondary state formation during the early iron age on the island of Sri Lanka : the evolution of a periphery

5737:; the Sinhalese embraced Buddhism and Tamils remain Hindus in Sri Lanka. However, it was activity from across the 1989:, son of Rajaraja I, launched a large invasion in 1017. Mahinda V was captured and taken to India, and the Cholas 21714: 21645: 21625: 21430: 21383: 21358: 20580: 20310: 20041: 19961: 19951: 19911: 19822: 19689: 19562: 19447: 19276: 18064: 14960: 14731: 10291: 6743: 6731: 5810:) who settled in Ceylon during the period of British rule. This community has steadily dwindled in recent years. 4764: 3579: 3182:

and gas in the Gulf of Mannar has also been confirmed, and the extraction of recoverable quantities is underway.

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Lapses in foreign policy resulted in India strengthening the Tigers by providing arms and training. In 1987, the

2751: 2717: 2716:, contributed much towards the political rancour between Sinhalese and Tamil political leaders. Bandaranaike was 2566: 1134: 964: 15136: 14846: 2494:

were established, later becoming the foundation of a representative legislature. By this time, experiments with

1145:

arrived in Sri Lanka and sought to control its maritime trade, with a part of Sri Lanka subsequently becoming a

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as the link language. English is widely used for education, scientific and commercial purposes. Members of the

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was held in Colombo in 1976. The relationship between Sri Lanka and India became tense under the government of

4597: 3440: 3309: 3305: 3209: 2928: 2924: 2880:(IPKF) was deployed in northern Sri Lanka to stabilise the region by neutralising the LTTE. The same year, the 2866: 2426: 2422: 2398: 2085:, an invader with uncertain origins, identified as the founder of the Jaffna kingdom, invaded and captured the 2067: 1990: 1316: 927: 922: 750: 15737: 11381: 11253: 6000:, who had been a critic of the government and had presaged his own death in a posthumously published article. 1380:, the name given to Sri Lanka by the Portuguese when they arrived in 1505, was transliterated into English as 22415: 21298: 20252: 20071: 20036: 20021: 19684: 19557: 19362: 16851: 15835:"Sri Lanka Going Organic: Rethink the strategy; Agriculturists Write to President | The Sri Lankan Scientist" 14350: 13938: 11502: 11156: 10857: 10647: 8853: 8029: 4969: 4633: 3929: 3701: 2965: 2551: 2491: 2471: 2299: 2063: 1841: 1779: 1724: 946: 18695: 16323:

Claveyrolas, Mathieu; Goreau-Ponceaud, Anthony; Madavan, Delon; Meyer, Eric; Trouillet, Pierre-yves (2018).

14952: 14913: 7390: 22090: 21640: 21416: 21373: 20983: 20431: 20169: 20061: 20056: 19874: 19837: 19589: 19497: 19487: 19462: 18149: 13121: 12381: 9880: 9077: 7716: 6759: 5784: 5368: 5334: 5266: 4685: 4549: 4428: 4374: 4223: 4167: 4152: 4091: 3949: 3925: 3913: 3247: 2885: 2799:

by the Sirimavo government to rectify disparities created in university enrolment, which was in essence an

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The carpenter-heretic: a collection of Buddhist stories about Christianity from the 18th century Sri Lanka

14713: 12798: 12375:"Three Dimensional Seismic Survey for Oil Exploration in Block SL-2007-01-001 in Gulf of Mannar–Sri Lanka" 11316: 8642: 8551: 2558:

activities. The first two decades in the 20th century are noted by the unique harmony among Sinhalese and

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attract many Sri Lankans and foreign tourists. There are two styles of martial arts native to Sri Lanka:

5931: 5572: 5556: 5522: 5504: 5488: 5470: 5454: 5436: 5420: 5402: 5386: 5352: 5318: 5300: 5284: 5250: 5206: 5190: 5006: 4889: 4843: 4653: 4482: 4293: 4266: 4209: 4195: 4188: 4138: 4126: 4119: 3984: 3867: 3809: 3621: 3613: 2651: 2520: 2487: 2461: 2090: 2020: 1865: 1642: 1531: 1091: 448: 349: 16478: 15805:"Opinion | Inorganic Fertilizer and Agrochemicals Ban in Sri Lanka and Fallacies of Organic Agriculture" 8217: 7802:

The story of the Sinhalese from the most ancient times up to the end of "the Mahavansa" or Great dynasty

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movies. In 1979, movie attendance rose to an all-time high but has been in a steady decline since then.

2501:

Soon, coffee became the primary commodity export of Sri Lanka. Falling coffee prices as a result of the

23929: 23664: 22390: 21745: 21691: 21438: 20573: 19996: 19813: 19481: 19143: 19060: 19026: 18874: 18294: 17732: 16732: 16584: 14136: 11681: 10681: 9151: 8465: 5279: 5237: 5222: 4913: 4736: 4728: 4712: 3920:(ACTC) in 1944. Objecting to Ponnambalam's cooperation with D. S. Senanayake, a dissident group led by 3669: 3645: 3317: 3251: 2877: 2437: 2220: 2188: 2121: 1968: 1908: 1888: 1527: 1079: 898: 478: 420: 331: 21032:

Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.

18965: 17819: 16931:"Facing Global and Local Challenges: The New Dynamics for Higher Education – Sri Lanka Country Report" 16707: 16309: 15290:"A Closer Look at Indices Country Classifications – Indexology® Blog | S&P Dow Jones Indices" 12815: 12572: 12141: 7523: 7178: 7146: 6750:

played in Bangladesh, beating India in the final. In addition, Sri Lanka became the runners-up of the

23964: 23944: 22485: 21293: 21237: 20330: 20202: 20179: 20113: 19944: 19408: 19133: 19085: 10762: 10599: 9586: 9510: 7897: 6884: 5959: 5865: 5779: 5750: 5679: 5483: 5109: 5042: 4957: 4791: 4723:, was formally ceded to Sri Lanka. By this time, Sri Lanka was strongly involved in the NAM, and the 4512: 3953: 3937: 3917: 3871: 3536:. Sri Lanka is the oldest democracy in Asia. Most provisions of the constitution can be amended by a 3461: 2881: 2830: 2796: 2388: 2117: 2105:

to the south and west of Sri Lanka, and into the mountainous interior, in a bid to escape his power.

1982: 1912: 1813: 1696: 671: 624: 393: 212: 18259: 17485: 17275: 16532: 15158: 14810: 14218: 8489: 3660:. Because of ancient customary practices and religion, the Sinhala customary law (Kandyan law), the 3612:

225-member legislature with 196 members elected from 22 multi-seat constituencies and 29 elected by

23984: 23616: 23012: 22520: 21585: 21510: 21157: 20509: 20350: 20207: 19934: 19827: 19492: 18279: 16909: 16656:

Gunawardena, Chandra (1997). "Problems of Illiteracy in a Literate Developing Society: Sri Lanka".

15079:"Sri Lanka's Northern province has recorded the highest GDP growth rate of 22.9 per cent last year" 15022: 14997: 14073: 12928: 12480:

Integrating urban agriculture and forestry into climate change action plans: Lessons from Sri Lanka

11562:"15 bodies found from site of shootout and explosions in Saindamaradu;6 Suicide bombers among them" 10222: 9311: 8102: 7597:... the Pali canon of Theravada is the earliest known collection of Buddhist writings ... 6518: 6040: 5977: 5097: 5039: 4987: 4839: 4006: 3887: 3533: 3399: 3237: 2957: 2826: 2681: 2580: 2531: 2334: 2330: 1213: 1150: 469: 439: 17289: 16981: 16284: 14683: 13815: 13789: 13321: 8734: 8611: 2523:

thrived in the following decades. Large-scale rubber plantations began in the early 20th century.

1613:

chronicle written in the 5th century CE, the original inhabitants of Sri Lanka are said to be the

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in Southern Sri Lanka, necessitating redeployment of the IPKF in 1990. In October 1990, the LTTE

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of the country for nearly 1,400 years. Ancient Sri Lankans excelled at building certain types of

1583: 1456: 1241: 1221: 1204:. It is the highest-ranked South Asian nation in terms of development and has the second-highest 1201: 1110: 904: 849: 727: 498: 31: 16758: 11196: 9534: 7456: 4739:

in 1987. In the present, Sri Lanka enjoys extensive relations with China, Russia, and Pakistan.

3836:

The current political culture in Sri Lanka is a contest between two rival coalitions led by the

3482: 3228:

recurrent flooding and related damages to infrastructure, utility supply and the urban economy.

2627:

The formal ceremony marking the start of self-rule, with the opening of the first parliament at

1625:, a semi-legendary prince who sailed with 700 followers to Sri Lanka, after being expelled from 22957: 22446: 21563: 21558: 21545: 21500: 21368: 20514: 20360: 20140: 20130: 20001: 19986: 19793: 19788: 19775: 19738: 19614: 19472: 19430: 19261: 19251: 18981: 18833: 15110: 14993: 13556: 13206: 11174: 9978: 9876:

Language, Religion, and Ethnic Assertiveness: The Growth of Sinhalese Nationalism in Sri Lanka0

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on 21 April 2019 resulted in the brutal death of 261 innocent people. On 26 April 2019 an anti

2909: 2901: 2709: 2647: 2555: 2326: 2164: 2109: 2086: 2028: 1786:, including Sinhalese Buddhist literature, were part of the University of Nalanda. In 245 BCE, 1596: 1340: 1290:("Island") appears but it is unknown whether it refers to the modern-day state. The Tamil term 1217: 1186: 777: 721: 640: 433: 21889: 18961: 18887: 18169: 17410:"Murky business: People are disappearing – and the government has been accused" 17131: 16613: 15952:"Sri Lanka abandons drive to become world's first organic country amid spiralling food prices" 14621: 11002: 10802: 10729: 10125: 9181: 8785: 8702: 7922: 7866: 7800: 7235: 2287: 2093:

690 nautical miles on 100 large ships with a 24,000 strong army. Unlike previous invaders, he

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by Simon de Silva appeared in 1905 and was followed by several revolutionary literary works.

6261: 6004: 5761:. Thirugnanasambanthar mentioned the names of several Sri Lankan Hindu temples in his works. 5729: 5659: 5649: 5634: 4949: 4780: 4401: 4216: 4145: 3899: 3859: 3682: 3587: 3435: 3411: 3391: 3387: 3241: 3191: 3023: 2873: 2787: 2775: 2757: 2671: 2414: 2318: 2272: 2256: 2246: 2051: 1960: 1845: 1833: 1692: 1634: 1500:(12,000 BP) are the most important. In these caves, archaeologists have found the remains of 1269: 1154: 1102: 959: 584: 414: 383: 372: 17520: 11171:"1990, The War Year if Ethnic Cleansing of the Muslims From North and the East of Sri Lanka" 6582:, compiled in the 9th century CE. The greatest literary feats of medieval Sri Lanka include 3062:, a land bridge existed between the Indian mainland and Sri Lanka. It now amounts to only a 2916: 2409:, fearing that French control of the Netherlands might deliver Sri Lanka to the French, the 1963:(r. 47–42 BCE). Sri Lankan monarchs undertook some remarkable construction projects such as 23934: 23621: 23462: 22897: 22456: 22441: 22034: 21315: 20841: 20524: 20355: 20294: 20194: 20081: 20011: 19939: 19926: 19728: 19443: 19331: 19241: 19160: 19128: 19004: 18864: 18313: 17111:. International Press Freedom and Freedom of Expression Mission to Sri Lanka. pp. 5–6. 17056:"Radio Ceylon/Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation: The history of broadcasting in Sri Lanka" 16665: 16496: 16257: 15347:"Sri Lanka's Debt Crisis Is So Bad The Government Doesn't Even Know How Much Money It Owes" 13491: 13096: 11994:"The January 26, 2001 Bhuj Earthquake and the Diffuse Western Boundary of the Indian Plate" 11226: 11055: 9746: 8589: 8330: 8325: 7609: 6912: 6873:

and 2018, the men's team becoming champions and the women's team winning second place. The

6850: 6838: 6807: 6778: 6715: 6685: 6658: 6433: 6257: 6110: 6073: 6008: 5989: 5912: 4980:, registering high levels of contentment and charitable behaviour in its society. In 2010, 4973: 4847: 4833: 4629: 4017: 4010: 3971:, decided not to seek re-election in 2019. The Rajapaksa family regained power in November 3968: 3941: 3837: 3763: 3591: 3583: 3280: 2981: 2952: 2948: 2854: 2659: 2618: 2547: 2291: 2260: 1994: 1937: 1708: 1681: 1445: 1233: 1182: 505: 353: 23037: 15259: 15191: 14433: 14388: 14268: 12624: 5791:

as well as Portuguese missionaries. The remaining Christians are evenly split between the

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and are believed to be descendants of Arab traders and the local women whom they married.

5122:

Sri Lanka has roughly 22,156,000 people and an annual population growth rate of 0.5%. The

4856: 4608: 3421: 2433:

invasion in 1803 but successfully retaliated. The First Kandyan War ended in a stalemate.

1534:. This cultural complex spread from southern India along with Dravidian clans such as the 8: 22838: 22780: 22530: 22477: 21665: 21635: 21612: 21580: 21411: 21348: 21211: 21201: 20918: 20212: 20135: 19619: 19281: 19185: 16324: 15956: 15771:"Opinion | The ban on chemical fertilizer and the way forward of Sri Lankan Tea Industry" 14455:

Murthy, P. (2000). "Indo-Sri Lankan security perceptions: Divergences and convergences".

12239: 9642: 8519: 8048: 6326: 6253: 6245: 5993: 5923: 5854: 5618:

and Dutch with varying proficiency, while members of the Malay community speak a form of

5100:, predicted that the ban would reduce the paddy harvest in 2022 by an unprecedented 50%. 4760: 3890:

in July 1951. SLFP registered its first victory in 1956, defeating the ruling UNP in the

3852: 3721: 3407: 3402:. Sinharaja is home to 26 endemic birds and 20 rainforest species, including the elusive 3261: 3047: 3035: 2960:

erupted all over the country, with protesters demanding the resignation of the President

2951:

in 73 years. In August 2021, a food emergency was declared. In June 2022, Prime Minister

2939:

with the operation being successful and National Thowheeth Jama'ath's insurgency ending.

2838: 2834: 2596: 2353: 2168: 2144: 1794: 1767: 1704: 1618: 1587: 1324: 1130: 1040: 532: 484: 147: 21530: 17188: 16669: 13906: 13573: 12432: 11936:"Sri Lanka's Economic Reform Program is Starting to Work—Keep at It for a Full Recovery" 11059: 5134:

constitute the largest ethnic group in the country, with 74.8% of the total population.

1258:

In antiquity, Sri Lanka was known to travellers by a variety of names. According to the

23919: 21458: 21343: 21265: 21245: 21206: 20897: 20382: 20315: 20267: 20262: 20247: 20222: 20217: 20157: 20118: 20093: 19326: 19266: 19190: 18951: 18892: 17918: 16689: 16681: 15653: 15603: 15048: 14472: 14109: 14056: 12768: 12733: 12714: 12406: 11449: 11321: 11289: 10526: 9843: 9051: 8227: 8125: 7643:. Sri Lanka National Commisssion for Unesco and the Central Cultural Fund. p. 21. 7291: 7112: 6842: 6803: 6763: 6649: 6341: 6291: 6249: 6200: 6181: 6131: 6081: 6012: 5963: 5764: 5669: 5607: 5057: 5049: 4982: 4977: 4877: 4821: 3998: 3976: 3617: 3575: 3375: 3364: 3356: 3102: 3043: 3039: 3031: 2961: 2811: 2800: 2643: 2584: 2515: 2453: 2306:, a location he thought more secure from attack. In 1619, succumbing to attacks by the 2010: 1676:

further recounts the later migration of royal brides and service castes from the Tamil

1389: 1253: 1197: 1126: 545: 454: 388: 294: 18217: 18184: 16830:"Who was "Father" of free education in Sri Lanka?: C.W.W. Kannangara or A. Ratnayake?" 16092: 15679: 14412:"India-Sri Lanka: 1921 Conference On Fisheries And Ceding Of Kachchatheevu – Analysis" 8401: 8326:"Reading the past in a more inclusive way – Interview with Dr. Sudharshan Seneviratne" 3862:(UNP). After 2018, two major political parties have split from these two parties: The 2638:

J. R. Jayewardene was the most influential political figure of Sri Lanka in the 1970s.

2486:

and amalgamated the Kandyan and maritime provinces as a single unit of government. An

2191:. Zheng He captured King Vira Alakesvara and later released him. Zheng He erected the 22877: 22451: 22238: 22233: 22228: 21630: 21553: 21275: 21260: 21051: 20676: 20565: 20388: 20232: 20051: 20026: 19606: 19291: 19148: 18775: 18712: 18670: 18651: 18641: 17892: 17850: 17794: 17763: 17736: 17669: 17634: 17592: 17565: 17290:"Report of the Secretary – General's Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka" 16995: 16845: 16791: 16693: 16458: 16000: 15961: 14663: 14476: 14320: 14140: 14083: 13932: 13927:. southasiaanalysis.org. 19 October 2010. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010. 13555:. Asia-Pacific Journal of Social Sciences. December 2010. p. 139. Archived from 13454: 12959: 12773: 12755: 12656: 12617:"An interview with Dr. Ranil Senanayake, chairman of Rainforest Rescue International" 12581: 12175: 12086: 11960: 11675: 11150: 11095: 10878: 10851: 10766: 10707: 10641: 10563: 10494: 10455: 10182: 10178:

The Buddhist revival in Sri Lanka: Religious tradition, reinterpretation and response

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of 1974 were signed between Sri Lankan and Indian leaders in an attempt to solve the

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in parliament and shares many executive responsibilities, mainly in domestic affairs.

3545: 3403: 2905: 2822: 2778:, the widow of Bandaranaike, took office as prime minister in 1960, and withstood an 2675: 2674:

against withdrawal of the rice rations resulted in the resignation of prime minister

2592: 2365: 2307: 2238: 2172: 2071: 1638: 1523:, an indigenous people numbering approximately 2,500 living in modern-day Sri Lanka. 1312: 1146: 1142: 1087: 1071: 407: 341: 319: 133: 23649: 18603: 18442: 18022: 18003: 16811: 15569:"Sri Lanka parliament passes emergency regulations to seize food stocks, warehouses" 14290: 13442:

Sri Lanka's development since independence: socio-economic perspectives and analyses

13350: 13288: 12718: 12055: 11726:"Sri Lanka becomes first Asia-Pacific country in decades to default on foreign debt" 11348: 9668: 6719: 5773: 3672:

and two Supreme Court judges, appoints, transfers, and dismisses lower court judges.

2786:

and China, while promoting a policy of non-alignment. In 1971, Ceylon experienced a

1852:

was invaded at least eight times by neighbouring South Indian dynasties such as the

23764: 23759: 23754: 23749: 23636: 23631: 23626: 23028: 22997: 22967: 22867: 22815: 22705: 21925: 21179: 20936: 20392: 20145: 19976: 19699: 19661: 19400: 19316: 19286: 19271: 18045: 17091: 16987: 16673: 14464: 13146: 12885: 12763: 12745: 12704: 12649:

The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora

12647: 12503: 11063: 10019: 9035: 7051: 7015: 7009: 6957: 6904: 6795: 6785: 6425: 6374: 6114:

almost physically indistinguishable. Ancient Sri Lanka is marked for its genius in

5927: 5792: 5595: 5139: 5131: 5053: 4991: 4962: 4632:(NAM). While ensuring that it maintains its independence, Sri Lanka has cultivated 3945: 3510: 3501: 3325: 3224: 3205: 3063: 2689: 2685: 2510: 2464: 2445: 2441: 2349: 2303: 2212: 2204: 2148: 2140: 2102: 1986: 1817: 1760: 1404: 1158: 1138: 1075: 1067: 882: 829: 325: 313: 276: 85: 59: 20416: 19226: 16063:"Early Man and the Rise of Civilisation in Sri Lanka: the Archaeological Evidence" 13071: 13049: 10094: 8778:"Historical trees: Overlooked aspect of heritage that needs a revival of interest" 8296:"Early Man and the Rise of Civilisation in Sri Lanka: the Archaeological Evidence" 6566: 3967:, ending his ten-year presidency. However, his successor as Sri Lankan President, 2183:

and his naval expeditionary force landed at Galle, Sri Lanka in 1409 and got into

1260: 23734: 23102: 23097: 23092: 23087: 23082: 22906: 22750: 21388: 21152: 21140: 20892: 20608: 19803: 19512: 18932: 18846: 18829: 18765: 18708: 18702: 18664: 18635: 17951: 17840: 17784: 17757: 17722: 17665: 17655: 17628: 17586: 17559: 17460: 16781: 16558: 16452: 16369: 15861:"Organic Farming In Sri Lanka – Ideology Of Hitler & Sri Lankan Agri "Cults"" 15636: 14780: 14130: 14077: 13450: 13440: 13407: 12486: 12347: 12169: 12106: 11954: 11085: 11081: 10798: 10756: 10557: 10488: 10449: 10176: 10053: 10007: 9923: 9874: 9794: 9767: 9690: 9517: 9475: 9426: 9383: 9301: 9264: 9222: 9141: 9100: 8983: 8938: 8911: 8884: 8808: 8673: 8459: 8432: 8260: 7827: 7723: 7675: 7636: 7551: 6951: 6421: 6413: 6314: 6225: 5860: 5622: 5619: 5065: 5061: 5013: 4820:

Sri Lanka is the 100th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024

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hands" or "copper-red earth"), because his followers' hands were reddened by the

1052: 1004: 518: 161: 21520: 19037: 18582: 18518: 17981: 17690:"Dr. Lester James Peiris, Father of Sri Lankan Cinema, celebrates 90th Birthday" 13228: 12256: 12136: 11046:

Stokke, K.; Ryntveit, A.K. (2000). "The Struggle for Tamil Eelam in Sri Lanka".

10874: 9026:

Bokay, Mon (1966). "Relations between Ceylon and Burma in the 11th Century AD".

7328:

De Silva, K. M. (1981). A History of Sri Lanka. University of California Press.

3196: 2920:

Ranil Wickremesinghe has been serving as Prime Minister of Sri Lanka since 2022.

2569:

actually started in the early 1900s, but the first case was documented in 1906.

2333:

to get rid of the Portuguese who ruled most of the coastal areas. The following

1770:

and monasteries and support the propagation of Buddhism into other countries in

1181:

of Sri Lanka in 1972. Sri Lanka's more recent history was marred by the 26-year

23501: 22962: 22887: 22795: 22466: 22318: 21525: 21515: 21285: 21191: 20504: 20150: 19889: 19884: 19847: 19629: 19624: 19301: 19256: 19200: 18460: 17814: 17296: 16036:. Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka. 20 April 2012. Archived from 14817: 13005: 12849: 11846:"Sri Lankan crisis: Protesters set PM Ranil Wickremesinghe's residence on fire" 10904: 10725: 10414: 9724: 7974: 7098: 7077: 6858: 6669: 6571: 6361: 6208: 6204: 5919: 5899: 5845: 5822: 5788: 5611: 5599: 5143: 5127: 4799: 4756: 4752: 4637: 4097: 3559:

In common with many democracies, the Sri Lankan government has three branches:

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to flee to the southern part of Sri Lanka. Taking advantage of this situation,

1857: 1802: 1774:. Sri Lankan Bhikkhus studied in India's famous ancient Buddhist University of 1771: 1677: 1482: 1432: 1420: 1295: 1273: 1237: 1170: 1166: 1083: 1044: 1024: 571: 376: 337: 281: 100: 74: 17218: 16677: 16126: 14735: 14468: 13518:"Sri Lanka Tamil National Alliance denies having talks with Buddhist prelates" 12873: 8996: 7687: 3598:

in 2015, the president has two terms, which previously stood at no term limit.

1812:

Sri Lanka experienced the first of many foreign invasions during the reign of

23913: 23895: 23882: 22348: 21353: 21044: 20902: 19231: 19041: 18998: 18975: 18942: 18927: 17846: 17790: 17694: 17661: 16062: 16004: 15965: 15705: 15477: 15083: 14594: 14562: 13522: 13446: 12759: 12199: 11906:"Sri Lanka cuts policy rates to reduce inflation and boost economic recovery" 11816:"President Gotabaya Rajapaksa Resigns – letter sent to Speaker of Parliament" 11756:"Sri Lanka to reduce power cut duration from April 18 as rains start – PUCSL" 9047: 8295: 8218:

Kennedy, Kenneth A.R., Disotell, T.W., Roertgen, J., Chiment, J., Sherry, J.

8156: 7380:"Census of Population and Housing 2011 Enumeration Stage February–March 2012" 6869:. Sri Lanka has also won the Carrom World Championship titles twice in 2012, 6830: 6502: 6459: 6447: 6329:, who has directed a number of movies which led to global acclaim, including 6305: 6300: 6271: 6066: 5907: 5796: 5465: 5138:

are the second major ethnic group in the island, with a percentage of 11.2%.

5089: 4908: 4898: 4621: 4074: 3841: 3609: 3571: 3537: 3529: 3276: 3114: 3110: 3027: 2502: 2219:

was discovered by S. H. Thomlin at Galle in 1911 and is now preserved in the

2082: 1975: 1853: 1783: 1748: 1626: 1622: 1509: 1493: 1330: 1265: 1036: 939: 240: 227: 22120: 17435:"UN Human Rights Commissioner: 'democracy has been undermined' in Sri Lanka" 16865: 16031:"Sri Lanka Census of Population and Housing, 2011 – Population by Ethnicity" 14175: 12750: 12709: 12692: 11067: 10803:"International and Regional Implications of the Sri Lankan Tamil Insurgency" 10361: 10329: 10283: 10000: 9916: 9799:

Being "Dutch" in the Indies: a history of creolisation and empire, 1500–1920

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of Chitra Kala Movietone, heralded the coming of Sri Lankan cinema in 1947.

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Religion plays a prominent role in the life and culture of Sri Lankans. The

5718: 1920: 23496: 23423: 22823: 22755: 22740: 22364: 22009: 21869: 21777: 21505: 21470: 20957: 20836: 20801: 20549: 19894: 19306: 19296: 19046: 18655: 18391: 18365: 18335: 18317: 18298: 18244: 18203: 18154: 18121: 16500: 14243: 14213: 13436: 12777: 10711: 10680:. International Centre for Ethnic Studies. pp. 248–254. Archived from 9498:

Power, Protection and Magic in Thailand: The Cosmos of a Southern Policeman

9428:

Buddha in the Crown: Avalokitesvara in the Buddhist Traditions of Sri Lanka

9143:

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: Volume 7

8524: 7745: 7173: 6834: 6782: 6723: 6697: 6463: 6429: 6370: 6165: 5973: 5533: 5154:

who are believed to be the original indigenous group to inhabit the island.

5151: 4802: 4768: 4716: 4692: 4677: 4661: 4455: 4325: 4202: 4158: 4133: 3783: 3661: 3625: 3351: 3337: 3015: 2783: 2739: 2539: 2449: 2322: 2242: 2179:(Philippines) into Sri Lanka which occurred since 200 BCE. Chinese admiral 2160: 1892: 1716: 1520: 1478: 1462: 1385: 1162: 1032: 301: 16514: 14521: 10964: 8672:

Holt, John Clifford (2004). "Sri Lanka". In Buswell, Robert E. Jr. (ed.).

8402:"Pre-state chieftains and servants of the state: a case study of Parumaka" 7062: 6711: 6380:

The earliest music in Sri Lanka came from theatrical performances such as

5717:

attained enlightenment was brought to Sri Lanka during the same time. The

4672:

in 1951, while many countries were reluctant, Sri Lanka argued for a free

1731:

and palaces. Society underwent a major transformation during the reign of

1397: 91: 23680: 23611: 22982: 22720: 22690: 22540: 22343: 22257: 21147: 21135: 21115: 21056: 20786: 20726: 20721: 20616: 20554: 20544: 20539: 19123: 19050: 17409: 17153: 16639:"Maldives, Sri Lanka eliminate measles and rubella, ahead of 2023 target" 14749: 12955: 12870: 12466: 12352: 12294: 11227:"One year after the tsunami, Sri Lankan survivors still live in squalour" 8163:. XIII U. I. S. P. P. Congress Proceedings – Forli, 8–14 September 1996. 7518: 6681: 6636: 6458:

There are three main styles of Sri Lankan classical dance. They are, the

6437: 6221: 5834: 5803: 5769: 5738: 5567: 5073: 4902: 4720: 4696: 4298: 4083: 3649: 3582:, and is popularly elected for a five-year term. The president heads the 3329: 3055: 2667: 2526: 2483: 2384: 2152: 2047: 1998: 1821: 1806: 1790: 1559: 1546: 1545:

One of the first written references to the island is found in the Indian

1513: 1474: 1366: 1229: 1048: 21775: 18971: 17699: 17372: 16991: 16093:"Population of Municipal Councils and Urban Councils by sex Census 2012" 13266: 12528: 12195: 11503:"Wife, daughter of Sri Lanka bombings mastermind will survive blast:..." 10095:"Gongale Goda Banda (1809–1849) : The leader of the 1848 rebellion" 9971:"History of Sri Lanka and significant World events from 1796 AD to 1948" 7668: 7088: 6486:. An elaborate headdress is worn by the male dancers, and a drum called 6412:, recorded in 1903, was released through Radio Ceylon. Songwriters like 5992:

in Sri Lanka has been alleged by media freedom groups to be amongst the

4688:

in 1955, which was an important step in the crystallisation of the NAM.

3632: 3470: 2394: 1695:, a 12-metre-tall (39 ft) standing Buddha statue from the reign of 1621:. Sinhalese history traditionally starts in 543 BCE with the arrival of 1592: 1413: 106: 23538: 23306: 23245: 23232: 23193: 23180: 22992: 22735: 22675: 22605: 22545: 22262: 22056: 22029: 21909: 21863: 21852: 21847: 21837: 21338: 21228: 21120: 21099: 20846: 20821: 20736: 20716: 20666: 20636: 20626: 20534: 20467: 19899: 17630:

Contemporary Asian cinema: popular culture in a global frame, Chapter 8

17381:"Report of the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances" 17211:"Amnesty International – Sri Lanka Human Rights Reports" 16685: 13180: 12029: 9307: 9055: 8006: 7741:"'We're finished': Sri Lankans pushed to the brink by financial crisis" 6866: 6854: 6673: 6575: 6545: 6193: 5754: 5714: 5710: 5431: 5313: 5295: 5123: 5114: 4937: 4649: 4352: 4056: 3856: 3794: 3657: 3549: 3328:. Among the trees of the dry-land forests are valuable species such as 3265: 3117: 3007: 2998: 2862: 2846: 2842: 2704:) against the bill, which prompted Bandaranaike to reach an agreement ( 2701: 2663: 2479: 2156: 2043: 1978: 1837: 1798: 1707:(377 BCE – 1017 CE) began with the establishment of the 1687: 1466: 1106: 1028: 21824: 18068: 17948:"A survey of Sinhalese poetry from ancient times to the modern period" 16322: 12890: 12734:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm" 12532:"A brief overview of the Western Ghats—Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot" 11786:"Sri Lanka protesters break into President's House as thousands rally" 9486:

India's interaction with Southeast Asia, by Govind Chandra Pande p.286

7556:

Urbanization and sustainability in Asia: case studies of good practice

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Sri Lankan literature spans at least two millennia and is heir to the

5976:) is the oldest-running radio station in Asia, established in 1923 by 23955:

Member states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

23855: 23810: 23785: 22972: 22922: 22847: 22745: 22670: 22535: 22333: 22308: 22079: 22014: 21949: 21842: 21068: 21010: 20806: 20686: 20282: 20277: 19904: 17870: 17728: 14659: 9389: 9147: 8707: 8191: 7923:"In Search of Taprobane: the Western discovery and mapping of Ceylon" 6705: 6701: 6696:. Aquatic sports such as boating, surfing, swimming, kitesurfing and 6654: 6351: 6319: 6213: 6177: 6168:, jaggery, cashews, eggs, and spices including cinnamon and nutmeg), 6161: 5702: 5499: 4406: 3696: 3522: 3378:

in the southeast protects herds of elephant, deer, and peacocks. The

3284:

fauna, 27% of the 3,210 flowering plants and 22% of the mammals, are

3179: 3091: 3067: 2348:—the traditional symbol of royal and religious authority amongst the 2200: 2032: 1940:

containing the completed Canon were taken to other countries such as

1904: 1787: 1756: 1673: 1657: 1647: 1605: 1519:

The earliest inhabitants of Sri Lanka were probably ancestors of the

1335: 1122: 13754:

Jayasinghe, Uditha; Pal, Alasdair; Ghoshal, Devjyot (21 July 2022).

13638:"Sri Lanka's ruling party calls an election, hoping for a landslide" 13574:"Sri Lankan Muslims: Between ethno-nationalism and the global ummah" 13181:"Sri Lanka Society & Culture: Customs, Rituals & Traditions" 12257:"5 Coral Reefs of Sri Lanka: Current Status And Resource Management" 11532:"15 bodies including children found at blast site in Sainthamaruthu" 9039: 8063:"The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka" 2634: 2294:, in 1505. In 1517, the Portuguese built a fort at the port city of 1959:

Sri Lanka was the first Asian country known to have a female ruler:

23860: 23830: 23371: 23332: 23269: 23206: 22935: 22765: 22700: 22660: 22655: 22640: 22590: 22585: 22570: 22560: 22550: 22287: 22277: 22024: 21999: 21984: 21979: 21879: 21796: 21448: 21174: 21164: 21029:

Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.

20887: 20826: 20781: 20761: 20756: 20751: 20651: 20403: 19077: 18955: 18860: 16482: 15630:

Sri Lanka: Transport at a Glance – Core Road Performance Indicators

14590:"World leaders send warm greeting to Sri Lanka on Independence Day" 11353: 8861: 7072: 6811: 6775: 6495: 6436:

have contributed much towards the progression of Sri Lankan music.

6189: 6185: 6153: 6103: 5939: 5814: 5758: 5746: 5742: 5694: 5517: 5415: 4881: 3525: 3341: 3285: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3146:

and played a vital role in buffering the force of the waves in the

3139: 3124: 2791: 2554:

on a communal basis. Buddhist and Hindu revivalism reacted against

2283: 2251: 2180: 2128: 2098: 2055: 1964: 1949: 1945: 1884: 1736: 1567: 1549: 1497: 1470: 1370: 1277: 1178: 1174: 1056: 934: 886: 610: 16172:. Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka. Archived from 14358: 14291:"Bandung Conference of 1955 and the resurgence of Asia and Africa" 14050:"List of Codes for the Administrative Divisions of Sri Lanka 2001" 8099:

The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

8068:. University of Minnesota Human Rights Library. 7 September 1978. 7347:"Mid-year Population Estimates by District & Sex, 2014 - 2023" 6734:

achieved considerable success beginning in the 1990s, rising from

6092: 4920:, Bank of Ceylon and Galadari Hotel are also visible in the image. 3070:. Legends claim that it was passable on foot up to 1480 CE, until 2623: 2038: 1566:, the God of Wealth. It is said that Kubera was overthrown by his 1388:, the island was known as Ceylon; it achieved independence as the 23845: 23840: 23820: 23780: 23525: 23384: 23319: 23293: 23128: 22940: 22912: 22800: 22695: 22680: 22645: 22630: 22615: 22338: 21989: 21904: 21857: 21817: 21806: 21791: 21573: 21568: 20851: 20766: 20746: 20631: 20621: 17915:"The Sinhala Theatre of Sri Lanka: A Form of Political Discourse" 17172: 16708:"Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24) – Sri Lanka" 15921:"Organic food revolution in Sri Lanka threatens its tea industry" 15015: 11091: 10284:"Chronology of events related to Tamils in Sri Lanka (1500–1948)" 9936:"The first British occupation and the definitive Dutch surrender" 8266: 7726: 6689: 6677: 6662: 6561: 6549: 6233: 6027:

and the LTTE have both been accused of violating human rights. A

5873: 5869: 5830: 5449: 5397: 5347: 5245: 5227: 5060:, spans 1,447 kilometres (900 mi). Sri Lanka also has three 4787: 4617: 4516: 4487: 4460: 3368: 3216: 3175: 3143: 3131: 3121: 3071: 2861:

resulted in the start of a civil war, and in response anti-Tamil

2591:, which succeeded the legislative council. In 1937, Tamil leader 2470:

The beginning of the modern period of Sri Lanka is marked by the

2369: 2295: 2136: 2132: 2094: 2081:

After his demise, Sri Lanka gradually decayed in power. In 1215,

2075: 1967:, the so-called "Fortress in the Sky", built during the reign of 1916: 1775: 1744: 1669: 1539: 1501: 1486: 1169:, which extended control over the whole island, colonising it as 402: 263: 218: 18903: 16450: 14055:. Department of Census and Statistics. p. 3. Archived from 11131:"Chapter 30: Whirlpool of violence, Sri Lanka: The Untold Story" 8916:. Colombo: Central Cultural Fund, Ministry of Cultural Affairs. 7975:"Serendipity – definition of serendipity by The Free Dictionary" 5890: 4932: 3975:

when Mahinda's younger brother and former wartime defence chief

2282:

The early modern period of Sri Lanka begins with the arrival of

23835: 23790: 23564: 23449: 23358: 23219: 22987: 22805: 22790: 22785: 22710: 22650: 22620: 22580: 22575: 22565: 22555: 22369: 22267: 21974: 21969: 21964: 21811: 21125: 20907: 20831: 20796: 20731: 20711: 20701: 20661: 20646: 20641: 20472: 18946: 18822: 18170:"Final: Australia v Sri Lanka at Bridgetown, Apr 28, 2007" 18004:"Martin Wickramasinghe: An icon of world intellectual heritage" 17242:"The British duplicity in protecting human rights in Sri Lanka" 16937: 16754: 16166:"A3 : Population by religion according to districts, 2012" 15351: 12819: 9511:"Astronesians Historical and Comparative Perspectives" Page 146 8363:

Social base of early Buddhism in south east India and Sri Lanka

6693: 6506: 6377:

is well known for his English-language novels and three films.

6331: 6217: 6098: 5826: 5807: 5329: 4986:

placed Sri Lanka at the top of its list of 31 places to visit.

4885: 4379: 3665: 3552:. The Constitution of Sri Lanka officially declares it to be a 3321: 3279:

of India and Sri Lanka were included among the first 18 global

3167: 3163: 3135: 2935:

was carried out against the National Thowheeth Jama'ath by the

2805: 2655: 2559: 2495: 2376: 1932: 1869: 1752: 1630: 1614: 1571: 1563: 1505: 1489: 345: 18839: 16310:"Theravada Buddhism and Shan/Thai/Dai/Laos Regions Boxun News" 15592: 15590: 15539:"Sri Lanka parliament approves state of emergency – Food News" 15509:"Sri Lanka Central Bank Chief Steps Down Amid Reserves Crisis" 15445:"China on track to bail out Sri Lanka with US$ 1.25bn in 2018" 13265:. Department of Election, Sri Lanka. July 2011. Archived from 12984:

Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

12571:

Mahindapala, R. (2002). "Sri Lanka". In Carew-Reid, J. (ed.).

10486: 9755:. London: Reprint. Asian Educational Services. pp. 19–47. 9338:..His invasion in 1215 was more or less a looting expedition.. 6998: 6180:

may sometimes replace rice. Traditionally food is served on a

5150:

from Southeast Asia. Moreover, there is a small population of

5142:

comprise 9.2%. There are also small ethnic groups such as the

4668:

Foreign Minister's Conference held in Colombo in 1950. At the

2790:, which was quickly suppressed. In 1972, the country became a 2583:

of 1931 repudiated the communal representation and introduced

1797:

tree, which is considered to be a sapling from the historical

1512:, and other evidence suggesting that they may have engaged in 23980:

Countries and territories where Tamil is an official language

23825: 23805: 23800: 23795: 23590: 23478: 23410: 23397: 23345: 23154: 23141: 22775: 22730: 22685: 22665: 22635: 22625: 22610: 22600: 22328: 22313: 22282: 22272: 22039: 22004: 21944: 21874: 21832: 21801: 21169: 21130: 21015: 20856: 20816: 20791: 20771: 20706: 20681: 20671: 20656: 16979: 15891:"Sri Lanka's organic push threatens to backpedal ag progress" 10622:"Sri Lanka: The untold story – Assassination of Bandaranaike" 8161:

International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences

7771: 7582:

Essential Buddhism: A Complete Guide to Beliefs and Practices

7024: 6173: 6169: 6149: 5551: 5261: 5069: 4673: 4573: 4433: 4271: 3333: 3082: 3011: 2964:. The protests culminated with the storming and siege of the 2808: 2543: 2216: 2196: 2024: 1941: 1825: 1728: 1554: 1535: 1352: 1291: 1285: 1095: 1060: 18807: 16832:. Trans Currents. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 16353:

Asian Religions in British Columbia, UBC Press 2011, p. 125.

16325:"Hindus and Others: A Sri Lankan Perspective (Introduction)" 15478:"Covid: Sri Lanka in economic emergency as food prices soar" 13756:"Sri Lanka gets new president in six-time PM Wickremesinghe" 12655:. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Environment. p. 114. 12085:. Vol. A–Aj. New Delhi: South Asia Books. p. 142. 11696:"Sri Lanka's PM says its debt-laden economy has 'collapsed'" 10451:

Fighting Words: language policy and ethnic relations in Asia

10051: 6521:

in 1956. It was followed by a series of popular dramas like

5922:

system established in 1945 is a result of the initiative of

4872:

is the second highest in the South Asian region in terms of

4038:

For administrative purposes, Sri Lanka is divided into nine

3656:. Laws pertaining to marriage, divorce, and inheritance are 2421:) with little difficulty in 1796. Two years later, in 1798, 2325:

explorers arrived on the island. In 1638, the king signed a

23815: 23577: 23551: 23167: 23067: 22828: 22770: 22595: 22461: 22323: 21994: 21959: 21954: 20866: 20776: 20741: 20696: 20691: 20600: 20462: 19001:

an ancient Sri Lankan chronicle written in the 6th century.

17407: 15587: 13958:. Department of Census and Statistics. 2012. Archived from 13325: 12343:"Availability of sizeable deposits of thorium in Sri Lanka" 11876:"Ranil Wickremesinghe takes oath as President of Sri Lanka" 11652:"Sri Lanka declares food emergency as forex crisis worsens" 10703: 8834: 7266:"2018 Report on International Religious Freedom: Sri Lanka" 7033: 7027: 6986: 6980: 6966: 6229: 6157: 5818: 3345: 3272:. The 2011 elephant census estimated a population of 5,879. 3171: 2841:

modelled after that of France. It made Sri Lanka the first

2112:. The north, in the meanwhile, eventually evolved into the 2101:

as possible. His reign saw the massive migration of native

1953: 1879: 1610: 22507: 17115: 15993:"Sri Lankan families go hungry as cost of food skyrockets" 12808: 9263:. International Lake Environment Committee. Archived from 7951:. Dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu. 1 September 2001. Archived from 6992: 6640:

is considered the iconic figure of Sri Lankan literature.

6216:

on 25 December to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ and

6023:

have criticised human rights violations in Sri Lanka. The

4864:

According to the International Monetary Fund, Sri Lanka's

3046:. Sri Lanka is separated from the mainland portion of the 18280:"John Player Gold Leaf Trophy (Asia Cup) 1985/86 (Final)" 18222: 18185:"India power past Sri Lanka to Cricket World Cup triumph" 17614:

The Kandy Esala perahera: Asia's most spectacular pageant

17379:

United Nations, Human Rights Council Nineteenth session.

15599:"Sri Lanka's Plunge Into Organic Farming Brings Disaster" 13669:"Gotabaya Rajapaksa Wins Sri Lanka Presidential Election" 13405: 12731: 12030:"Geographic Coordinates for Sri Lanka Towns and Villages" 11094:: South Asian Network on Conflict Research. p. 353. 11048:

Growth and Change: A Journal of Urban and Regional Policy

9765: 8129: 7868:

Autonomy and Ethnic Conflict in South and South-East Asia

7717:

Reuters Sri Lanka wins civil war, says kills rebel leader

7239: 6977: 6285:

was constructed as a major venue for the performing arts.

6220:

to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus. Tamils celebrate

5757:

of Sri Lanka drew heavily from this particular strand of

4941: 4007:

anti-government protests and demonstrations by the public

3079:, reaching 2,524 metres (8,281 ft) above sea level. 954: 17461:"UN's Navi Pillay attacks Sri Lanka human rights record" 17401: 16363:

Lecture on Hindu sculpture and architecture of Sri Lanka

15472: 15470: 14558:"Russia and Sri Lanka to strengthen bilateral relations" 14233:"Sri Lanka excels at the San Francisco Peace Conference" 14072: 11622:"Sri Lanka declares worst economic downturn in 73 years" 11045: 10675:"Affirmative Action Policies: The Sri Lankan Experience" 8520:"Vijaya (Singha) and the Lankan Monarchs – Family #3000" 8095:"Chapter I – The People, The State And Sovereignty" 3902:

became the prime minister and the world's first elected

2825:

swept to power in 1977, defeating the largely unpopular

1848:. During its two and a half millennia of existence, the 17106:"Media under fire: Press freedom lockdown in Sri Lanka" 15531: 15317:"Why Sri Lanka's economic outlook is looking less rosy" 14811:"UN Mission's Summary detailed by Country – March 2012" 14712:. Lanka Business Online. 10 August 2009. Archived from 13887:. peace-srilanka.org. 14 September 2010. Archived from 13608:"Sri Lanka President Sirisena abandons re-election bid" 8940:

A Study of the Economic History of Pre Modern Sri Lanka

6408:

were performed at these dramas. The first music album,

6239: 6164:, wattalapam (a rich pudding of Malay origin made with 6031:

accused both the LTTE and the Sri Lankan government of

6029:

report by an advisory panel to the UN secretary-general

5083: 1887:("Lion Rock"), a rock fortress and city, built by King 20595: 18817: 18801: 18260:"Top 50 Highest Test Wicket Takers in Cricket History" 14947: 14945: 14943: 14941: 14939: 14937: 14935: 14781:"UN 'failed Sri Lanka civilians', says internal probe" 13905:. LankaNewspapers.com. 17 October 2006. Archived from 13582:

Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism

11592:"Everything to Know About Sri Lanka's Economic Crisis" 10995:"Uppermost in our minds was to save the Gandhis' name" 10935:"The Black July 1983 that Created a Collective Trauma" 10628:. 2002. Archived from the original on 20 December 2001 8045:"Etymologies of Lanka, Serendib, Taprobane and Ceylon" 5178:(2012 Department of Census and Statistics enumeration) 3097:

Sri Lanka has 103 rivers. The longest of these is the

23679: 17584: 17268:"Sri Lanka: Country Report on Human Rights Practices" 15467: 13863:"Lanka heads for collision course with India: Report" 13667:

Bastians, Dharisha; Schultz, Kai (17 November 2019).

12500:"Sri Lanka Survey Finds More Elephants Than Expected" 9364: 9362: 9348: 9346: 8930: 7634: 7030: 6983: 6960: 6578:(commentary). The oldest surviving prose work is the 5898:

is a research institute specialising in the field of

4876:. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Sri Lanka became a 3916:

counterpart of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, founded the

2942:

Economic troubles in Sri Lanka began in 2019, when a

2413:

occupied the coastal areas of the island (which they

1824:. The next invasion came immediately in 205 BCE by a 1766:

Succeeding kingdoms of Sri Lanka would maintain many

1070:

form the majority of the population, followed by the

980: 17974:"Challenge to Buddha Jayanthi Stamp Selection Board" 17311:"L'ONU a caché l'ampleur des massacres au Sri Lanka" 16655: 16198:. Department of Census and Statistic. Archived from 15597:

Wipulasena, Aanya; Mashal, Mujib (7 December 2021).

15049:"Western Province share of national GDP falling: CB" 14883:"The Strategic Importance of Sri Lanka to Australia" 13753: 12725: 12645: 12380:. Cairn Lanka. 2009. pp. iv–vii. Archived from 11477:"Easter Sunday massacres: Where do we go from here?" 11380:

Weaver, Matthew; Chamberlain, Gethin (19 May 2009).

11252:

Weaver, Matthew; Chamberlain, Gethin (19 May 2009).

10181:. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. pp. 11–22. 9381: 7021: 6995: 6974: 6963: 6894: 5868:

declared that Sri Lanka had successfully eliminated

3956:

is the largest Muslim political party in Sri Lanka.

2700:(FP) launched a movement of non-violent resistance ( 1840:, the eldest son of the southern regional sub-king, 1641:. Vijaya (Singha) is the first of the approximately 20446: 18704:

Sri Lanka: Current issues and historical background

18690:Ganguly, Sumit. "Ending the Sri Lankan civil war." 18041:"Rugby: Sri Lanka, Asia's little-known rugby haven" 16612:. statistics.gov.lk. pp. 15–17. Archived from 16222:"Ashik v Bandula And Others (Noise Pollution Case)" 14932: 13921:"North East De-merger-At What Cost? Update No. 107" 13845:

The Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka

13550:"Revolutionary Idealism and Parliamentary Politics" 13032:

The Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka

13002:

The Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka

12925:

The Official Website of the Government of Sri Lanka

12921:"Chapter 1 – The People, The State and Sovereignty" 11412:"Up to 100,000 killed in Sri Lanka's civil war: UN" 11137:. 2002. Archived from the original on 16 April 2002 9424: 8671: 7798: 7018: 6971: 6548:literary tradition as embodied in the hymns of the 6188:(rice cooked in stock and baked in a banana leaf), 4572:(usually rendered into English as Dissavony) was a 2646:, with independence proclaimed on 4 February 1948. 1672:speakers had attained dominance on the island, the 1306: 17755: 17626: 17611: 16152:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 15991:Wallen, Joe; Hewage, Nishantha (31 January 2022). 15197:(Report). World Economic Forum. pp. 326–327. 15164:. Department of Census and Statistics. p. 3. 14489: 13725:"Rajapaksa Clan Losing Grip on Power in Sri Lanka" 12949: 12690: 10077: 10075: 9872: 9359: 9343: 9299: 9154:for the Royal Asiatic Society. 1875. p. 152. 8903: 8258: 8154: 7212:. Department of Official Languages. Archived from 6676:, by far the most popular sport in the country is 4543: 1599:of Ceylon, first century CE, in a 1535 publication 1185:, which began in 1983 and ended in 2009, when the 18197: 18020: 17720: 17557: 17339:. Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Archived from 16733:"Govt targets 75% computer literacy rate by 2016" 15722:. Ministry of Transport Sri Lanka. Archived from 13985:"Provincial Gross Domestic Product (PGDP) - 2022" 13953:"Census of Population and Housing Sri Lanka 2012" 13786:"The Constitution of Sri Lanka – Eighth Schedule" 11382:"Sri Lanka declares end to war with Tamil Tigers" 11379: 11254:"Sri Lanka declares end to war with Tamil Tigers" 11251: 10833: 9495: 8876: 8123: 6746:in the final on 17 March 1996. They also won the 6490:is used to assist the dancers to keep on rhythm. 4892:, which remains a trademark national export. The 4695:in 1959. Shortly afterward, Cuba's revolutionary 4676:and refused to accept payment of reparations for 4560:divisions. The districts are known in Sinhala as 2562:political leadership, which has since been lost. 652:65,610.2 km (25,332.2 sq mi) ( 23911: 22122:South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation 18541:"1995 SAFF Championship;globalsport archive.com" 18463:. International Olympic Committee. 20 June 2016. 18443:"Duncan White – the greatest Sri Lankan athlete" 18392:"Brilliant Sri Lanka clinch Asia Cup 2022 title" 18292: 18023:"Can Sri Lanka form an invincible cricket team?" 17889:"History of painting and sculpture in Sri Lanka" 16451:Young, R. F. & Sēnānāyaka, J. E. B. (1998). 16401:"Origins and Affinities of the Sri Lankan Moors" 15596: 14885:. asiapacificdefencereporter.com. Archived from 14409: 14206: 14128: 13812:"The Constitution of Sri Lanka – First Schedule" 12522: 12174:. London: Footprint Travel Guides. p. 372. 11080: 10838:. Archived from the original on 13 February 2002 10697: 10555: 10448:Ganguly, Šumit (2003). Brown, Michael E. (ed.). 10055:Economic policy in Sri Lanka: Issues and debates 9639:"The trilingual inscription of Admiral Zheng He" 8430: 5076:, in addition to the newest port being built at 4860:Development of real GDP per capita, 1820 to 2018 4552:. The districts are further subdivided into 256 3304:Sri Lanka contains four terrestrial ecoregions: 1864:. There also were incursions by the kingdoms of 1216:, with citizens successfully demanding that the 18240:"Murali gets 800, Sri Lanka win by ten wickets" 18182: 17863: 17782: 17653: 17408:Disappearances in Sri Lanka (14 January 2012). 17146: 17092:"Sri Lanka Press, Media, TV, Radio, Newspapers" 16804: 15500: 13666: 13486: 13484: 13482: 13351:"Charting a new course for Sri Lanka's success" 12792:"Forests, Grasslands, and Drylands – Sri Lanka" 12691:Senevirathna, H.M.M.C.; Perera, P.K.P. (2013). 12489:, Marielle Dubbeling, the RUAF Foundation, 2014 12080: 11087:Sri Lanka's Ethnic Crisis and National Security 10905:"Remembering Sri Lanka's Black July – BBC News" 10797: 10487:Schmid, Bettina; Schroeder, Ingo, eds. (2001). 10174: 10123: 10072: 8775: 8157:"Pre and Protohistoric settlement in Sri Lanka" 7423:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022" 7387:Department of Census and Statistics – Sri Lanka 6043:, with a penalty of up to ten years in prison. 2538:By the end of the 19th century, a new educated 2513:broke out in 1848. A devastating leaf disease, 22386:SAARC Consortium on Open and Distance Learning 18626: 17178: 16779: 16426:"A Brief History Of Christianity In Sri Lanka" 16423: 16214: 13699:"Mahinda Rajapaksa sworn in as Sri Lanka's PM" 12291:International Union for Conservation of Nature 11229:. World Socialist Web Site. 29 December 2005. 11189: 11017:"For firmer and finer International Relations" 10754: 10724: 10447: 9772:. Asian Educational Services. pp. 37–43. 9224:Sri Lankan Ethnic Crisis: Towards a Resolution 9102:Sri Lankan Ethnic Crisis: Towards a Resolution 8356: 8354: 8293: 8010:. Archived from the original on 14 August 2001 7738: 7549: 6451:A Low Country drummer playing the traditional 5126:is 13.8 births per 1,000 people, and the 5012:In September 2021, Sri Lanka declared a major 4998:well above other South Asian countries in the 4684:in 1952. Sri Lanka played a vital role at the 3983:in August 2020. The family's political party, 3200:Sri Lanka map of Köppen climate classification 2482:political culture to the country based on the 2436:By then the entire coastal area was under the 2078:) for various perceived insults to Sri Lanka. 1816:, who was defeated by two horse traders named 1113:, which took place in 29 BCE. Also called the 23665: 23053: 22493: 22396:South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme 22106: 21761: 21084: 20581: 20432: 19093: 19073:World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Sri Lanka 18109: 17838: 17239: 16866:"Education: Traditional and Colonial Systems" 16533:"What Alabamians and Iranians Have in Common" 16383:"Lankan Muslims' historical links with India" 16099:. Department of Census and Statistics. 2012. 15189: 14862: 14803: 14652:International Institute for Strategic Studies 14321:"Lanka-Cuba relations should be strengthened" 12287:"Information Brief on Mangroves in Sri Lanka" 10672: 9098: 8909: 7920: 6794:, and four Sri Lankan cricketers ranked 2nd ( 6564:, as early as 29 BCE. Chronicles such as the 3817: 3026:. It is in the Indian Ocean southwest of the 2969:stormed, protesters besieged and stormed the 2379:Weliwita Sarankara and ignoring the right of 2066:was extensively expanded during the reign of 1919:subsequently died of starvation. Because the 93:Śrī Laṁkā Prajātāntrika Samājavādī Janarajaya 51: 30:"Ceylon" redirects here. For other uses, see 23950:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations 23008:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 23003:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 18662: 18147: 17620: 17179:Wickramasinghe, Lasantha (11 January 2009). 16266:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor 15990: 15678:. Road Development Authority. Archived from 15652:. Road Development Authority. Archived from 15151: 13835: 13833: 13479: 13434: 13412:. India: Macmillan and co. ltd. p. 78. 13373: 13118:United Nations Public Administration Network 12697:Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment 12639: 12564: 12167: 11285:"Tamil Tigers Confirm Death of Their Leader" 11039: 10897: 10730:"The Exclusive Right to Write Eelam History" 10404: 10215:"Cutting edge of Hindu revivalism in Jaffna" 10052:Corea, Gamani & Kelegama, Saman (2004). 10047: 10045: 10012: 9745: 9220: 9216: 9214: 8882: 8840: 8232:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7637:"Sri Lankan Role in the Maritime Silk Route" 7578: 4733:India intervened in the Sri Lankan Civil War 3882:(LSSP), established in 1935, is the oldest. 2947:declared the ongoing crisis to be the worst 2546:arose through British attempts to staff the 2263:meeting with King Vimaladharmasuriya in 1602 1552:, which provides details of a kingdom named 1311:) was used to designate the whole island in 23029:Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries 18906:of the Department of Census and Statistics. 18311: 17942: 17940: 17938: 17936: 17881: 17834: 17832: 17830: 16727: 16725: 16304: 16302: 16279: 16277: 16275: 16262:International Religious Freedom Report 2007 16188: 15738:"Sri Lanka's shift towards organic farming" 15192:The Global Competitiveness Report 2011–2012 14908: 14906: 14904: 14614: 14170: 14168: 13083: 13081: 12570: 11173:. lankanewspapers.com. 2008. Archived from 10748: 10322: 10278: 10276: 9752:An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon 9392:: Asian Educational Services. p. 122. 8399: 8375: 8369: 8360: 8351: 7999: 7977:. Thefreedictionary.com. 10 November 2017. 6875:Sri Lankan National Badminton Championships 6718:holds the record for the highest number of 5833:also observe their own holidays. In a 2008 4640:in 1955. Today, it is also a member of the 4027: 2401:, the last ruling native Sri Lankan monarch 2124:. He ruled the North from 1450 to 1467 CE. 1477:human settlements discovered in Sri Lanka, 1361:. The Persians and Arabs referred to it as 66: 23975:States and territories established in 1972 23672: 23658: 23060: 23046: 22500: 22486: 22401:Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature 22113: 22099: 21768: 21754: 21091: 21077: 20588: 20574: 20439: 20425: 19100: 19086: 18912:from the Ministry of Finance and Planning. 18633: 17907: 17657:Sri Lanka's development since independence 17647: 17616:. Colombo: Lake House Bookshop. p. 7. 17588:Buddha in Sri Lanka: remembered yesterdays 17378: 16983:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 16551:"Our Pro-poor health care policy rewarded" 16023: 14522:"Sri Lanka: Background and U.S. Relations" 14269:"Lanka-China bilateral ties at its zenith" 14114:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 13913: 13873: 13028:"The Constitution of Sri Lanka – Contents" 12838: 11404: 11125: 11123: 10869: 10867: 9025: 8943:. Vikas Publishing House. pp. 44–45. 8846: 8703:"King Devanampiya Tissa (306 BC – 266 BC)" 8665: 8612:"Waterworld: Ancient Sinhalese Irrigation" 8457: 8042: 7805:. Asian Educational Services. p. 11. 7729:(18 May 2009). Retrieved 18 November 2012. 7610:"Religions – Buddhism: Theravada Buddhism" 3994:started due to the power struggle between 3894:. Following the parliamentary election in 3870:split from the UPFA. The third wing party 3824: 3810: 3451: 1997:. Subsequently, they moved the capital to 1530:, iron technology, farming techniques and 1021:Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 197: 53:ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය 18:Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 19553:Deputy speaker and chairman of committees 19005:Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon 18802:Official Sri Lankan Government Web Portal 18067:. kitesurfingsrilanka.com. Archived from 17776: 17551: 17050: 17048: 15506: 14916:. Ministry of Finance – Sri Lanka. 2011. 14654:(3 February 2010). Hackett, James (ed.). 14042: 13855: 13830: 13428: 13345: 13343: 13173: 12889: 12767: 12749: 12708: 12580:. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. p. 451. 12081:Garg, Ganga Ram (1992). "Adam's Bridge". 12074: 11469: 11074: 10957: 10666: 10598:. University of Edinburgh. Archived from 10042: 9965: 9963: 9961: 9838: 9836: 9834: 9792: 9303:Security dilemma of a small state, Part 1 9211: 9179: 8936: 8913:Sigiriya: City, Palace, and Royal Gardens 8697: 8695: 8678:. Macmillan Reference. pp. 795–799. 7417: 7415: 7413: 7411: 6877:was annually held between 1953 and 2011. 5953: 4020:was elected as the ninth President via a 3150:. The island is rich in minerals such as 1715:. Thereafter, Anuradhapura served as the 1516:and kept domestic dogs for driving game. 23925:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations 21776:Countries and territories bordering the 18936:) is being considered for deletion. See 18763: 17996: 17966: 17933: 17827: 17714: 17605: 16963:University Grants Commission (Sri Lanka) 16812:"Honouring the Father of Free Education" 16722: 16299: 16272: 16170:Census of Population & Housing, 2011 15071: 15025:. Lakshman Kadiragamar Institute. 2018. 14901: 14875: 14867:. historyofceylontea.com. Archived from 14448: 14165: 13566: 13316: 13314: 13229:"Sri Lanka names its national butterfly" 13078: 12913: 12864: 12223: 12221: 11658:. Agence France-Presse. 31 August 2021. 11282: 10927: 10398: 10316: 10273: 10267: 10255: 10243: 10087: 9928: 9186:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 9092: 8994: 8643:"Buddhism in Sri Lanka: A Short History" 8640: 8246: 8126:"Sri Lanka erases colonial name, Ceylon" 7792: 7665:Commonwealth Air Training Program Museum 6865:, the highest feat by a Sri Lankan in a 6710: 6684:also enjoys extensive popularity, as do 6653: 6446: 6392:. Traditional music instruments such as 6276: 6265: 6139: 6091: 6037:Article 365 of the Sri Lankan Penal Code 5889: 5844: 5697:is the largest and is considered as an " 5113: 4931: 4907: 4880:famous for its production and export of 4855: 4607: 3631: 3500: 3420: 3350: 3314:Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 3255: 3195: 3081: 2997: 2915: 2853:, ethnic tensions were manifested in an 2633: 2622: 2525: 2393: 2302:moved his kingdom to the inland city of 2266: 2250: 2037: 2004: 1878: 1686: 1591: 1558:that was created by the divine sculptor 684: 23069:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) 18982:Key Development Forecasts for Sri Lanka 18200:"Afridi fifty seals title for Pakistan" 17807: 17682: 17513: 16196:"Census of Population and Housing 2011" 15507:Ondaatjie, Anusha (10 September 2021). 15344: 15314: 15125: 15041: 14979: 14728:"Coast Guard bill passed in Parliament" 14684:"Conscription (most recent) by country" 13542: 13381:"Ceylon chooses world's first woman PM" 13322:"UNP: The Story of the Major Tradition" 13103: 13064:"Evolution of the Parliamentary System" 12367: 12317:"Sri Lanka Graphite Production by Year" 12279: 12107:"Ramar Sethu, a world heritage centre?" 11120: 10864: 10791: 10207: 9683: 9227:. Trafford Publishing. pp. 18–21. 8451: 8406:The Sri Lanka Journal of the Humanities 7891: 7864: 7825: 7739:Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (9 April 2022). 7449: 7353:. Department of Census and Statistics. 7228: 6313:) marked the transition of cinema from 3636:The Supreme Court of Sri Lanka, Colombo 2971:private residence of the prime minister 2857:against the government by the LTTE. An 2720:by an extremist Buddhist monk in 1959. 2602: 1395:The country is now known in Sinhala as 108:Ilaṅkai Caṉanāyaka Cōcalicak Kuṭiyaracu 14: 23912: 22406:SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry 21098: 18735:"Theri Sanghamitta and the Bodhi Tree" 18497:"Sri Lanka emerged as world champions" 18117:"Player Profile: Muttiah Muralitharan" 17759:World music: the rough guide, Volume 2 17749: 17578: 17539: 17499:"Sri Lanka: Human Rights Under Attack" 17045: 16910:"Sri Lanka University Statistics 2010" 16525: 16515:"Sri Lankan Parsis facing extinction?" 15765: 15763: 15519:from the original on 10 September 2021 15103: 14856: 14778: 14454: 14079:Commonwealth Local Government Handbook 13881:"Accepting reality and building trust" 13766:from the original on 29 September 2022 13340: 13139: 12732:Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017). 12249: 11991: 11916:from the original on 27 September 2023 11424:from the original on 23 September 2018 11219: 10975:from the original on 15 September 2014 10827: 10521: 10519: 10517: 9958: 9844:"A kingdom is born, a kingdom is lost" 9831: 9310:: Institute for International Studies 8692: 7829:Encyclopedia of the world's minorities 7772:Nanda Pethiyagoda Wanasundera (2002). 7641:Sri Lanka and the silk road of the sea 7408: 6574:, the chronicles are based on Sinhala 6283:Nelum Pokuna Mahinda Rajapaksa Theatre 4936:Sri Lanka's most widely known export, 4628:Sri Lanka is a founding member of the 4604:Sri Lanka and the Non-Aligned Movement 4548:Each district is administered under a 3644:: Sri Lanka's judiciary consists of a 3215:The rainfall pattern is influenced by 2360:'s death in 1739. He was married to a 2226: 1210:the ongoing Sri Lankan economic crisis 23653: 23041: 22481: 22411:South Asian Federation of Accountants 22094: 21749: 21072: 20569: 20420: 20407: 19081: 19059:, Eran Laor Cartographic Collection, 18881: 18700: 18282:. cricketarchive.co.uk. 6 April 1986. 18237: 18129:from the original on 13 February 2012 17545: 17533: 17121: 15931:from the original on 4 September 2021 15841:from the original on 19 November 2021 15781:from the original on 5 September 2021 15748:from the original on 5 September 2021 15575:from the original on 6 September 2021 15549:from the original on 7 September 2021 15488:from the original on 30 November 2021 15392:from the original on 20 November 2016 14827:from the original on 12 December 2013 14710:"Sri Lanka coast guard sets up bases" 14690:from the original on 31 December 2013 14632:from the original on 17 December 2021 14538:from the original on 26 November 2013 14502:from the original on 19 February 2008 14331:from the original on 31 December 2013 14301:from the original on 31 December 2013 13895: 13618:from the original on 23 November 2021 13510: 13498:from the original on 26 November 2013 13399: 13361:from the original on 20 February 2014 13311: 13249: 13089:"The Legislative Power of Parliament" 12335: 12309: 12218: 12117:from the original on 14 February 2014 11952: 11392:from the original on 6 September 2013 11317:"Tamil Tigers confirm leader's death" 11264:from the original on 6 September 2013 11233:from the original on 23 November 2012 11207:from the original on 20 December 2021 11163: 10736:from the original on 19 November 2011 10660: 10562:. 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Jayawardene introduced a 2642:The Soulbury constitution ushered in 2498:plantations were largely successful. 1431: 23940:Island countries of the Indian Ocean 20408: 19650:Directorate of Military Intelligence 19107: 18666:The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism 18021:Gurusinghe, Nimal (2 October 2008). 17724:The Cambridge guide to Asian theatre 16424:Pinto, Leonard (20 September 2013). 16385:. Indianmuslims.info. 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(2013). 17240:Keerthisinghe, Lakshman I. (2013). 16870:Library of Congress Country Studies 16583:. quickoverview.com. Archived from 16457:. Colombo: Karunaratne & Sons. 16428:. Colombo Telegraph. Archived from 16285:"Theravada: Buddhism in Sri Lankan" 16073:from the original on 5 January 2014 15901:from the original on 3 October 2021 15760: 15611:from the original on 7 January 2022 15359:from the original on 1 October 2016 15345:Shepard, Wade (30 September 2016). 14410:Suryanarayan, V. (22 August 2011). 14181:Library of Congress Country Studies 14153:from the original on 6 January 2024 14096:from the original on 6 January 2024 14023:. 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Sri Lanka became a member of the 3299:Department of Wildlife Conservation 2927:carried out by the terrorist group 2609:History of Sri Lanka (1948–present) 2448:was occupied by the British in the 2310:, the independent existence of the 2271:A 1595 map of Sri Lanka created by 2019:Following a 17-year-long campaign, 24: 23484:Commonwealth of Independent States 18583:"1995 SAFF Championship;RSSSF.com" 18198:McGlashan, Andrew (21 June 2009). 17950:. lankalibrary.com. Archived from 17891:. lankalibrary.com. Archived from 17877:from the original on 14 July 2014. 17564:. Australia: Lulu.com. p. 3. 17501:. Human Rights Watch. 29 July 2020 17337:"Business Corruption in Sri Lanka" 17274:. 23 February 2001. Archived from 17063:Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation 16959:"Educational Indicators 1980–2009" 16497:"The Parsi Community of Sri Lanka" 16103:from the original on 7 August 2022 15023:"Sri Lanka's Top Trading Partners" 14490:Weisman, Steven R. 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Sri Lankan-Canadian poet 5970:Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation 4620:, a baby elephant to US President 4261:Sri Lanka Prosperity Index (2021) 4229: 3924:broke away in 1949 and formed the 3874:has gained popularity after 2022. 3596:19th amendment to the constitution 3507:old Sri Lankan Parliament building 3231: 2658:leaders including Ponnambalam and 2050:, 12th century, which depicts the 1577: 177: 25: 23996: 23681:Nations in the Group of 15 (G-15) 22883:Heard Island and McDonald Islands 22073:Heard Island and McDonald Islands 19655:Criminal Investigation Department 18940:to help reach a consensus. › 18865:Cabinet of Ministers of Sri Lanka 18790: 18604:"Lanka hopes to regain supremacy" 18417:"Sri Lanka National Cricket Team" 17917:. artsrilanka.org. Archived from 17521:"Pre-Colonial Sri Lankan History" 17272:United States Department of State 17029:. 28 October 2013. 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The 1125:trade route to today's so-called 712:337.7/km (874.6/sq mi) ( 23583: 23570: 23557: 23544: 23531: 23518: 23489: 23455: 23442: 23429: 23416: 23403: 23390: 23377: 23364: 23351: 23338: 23325: 23312: 23299: 23286: 23262: 23238: 23225: 23212: 23199: 23186: 23173: 23160: 23147: 23134: 23121: 22726:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 21888: 21227: 21050: 21039: 21038: 20865: 20387: 20378: 20377: 19031: 19021: 18804:, a gateway to government sites. 18596: 18575: 18554: 18533: 18507: 18489: 18467: 18453: 18435: 18409: 18384: 18354: 18324: 18305: 18286: 18272: 18252: 18231: 18210: 18191: 18183:Sheringham, Sam (2 April 2011). 18176: 18162: 18141: 18083: 18057: 18033: 18014: 17527: 17491: 17479: 17453: 17427: 17355: 17329: 17303: 17282: 17260: 17233: 17203: 17122:Jansz, Frederica (8 July 2012). 17098: 17084: 17015: 16973: 16951: 16923: 16902: 16876: 16858: 16822: 16773: 16743: 16700: 16649: 16631: 16607:"Social Conditions of Sri Lanka" 16599: 16573: 16543: 16507: 16489: 16471: 16444: 16417: 16393: 16375: 16372:Sunday Times – 29 September 2010 16356: 16347: 16316: 16250: 16158: 16141:"How unique is Sri Lanka Malay?" 16133: 16115: 16085: 16055: 15984: 15943: 15913: 15883: 15853: 15827: 15797: 15730: 15712: 15694: 15668: 15642: 15623: 15561: 15437: 15407: 15374: 15338: 15308: 15282: 15252: 15216: 15204:from the original on 1 July 2014 15183: 14967:from the original on 23 May 2022 14920:from the original on 7 July 2022 14865:"Echoes of a Plantation Economy" 14839: 14772: 14742: 14734:. 7 October 2009. Archived from 14720: 14702: 14676: 14644: 14582: 14550: 14514: 14483: 14426: 14403: 14373: 14343: 14313: 14283: 14261: 14225: 14200: 14122: 14066: 14006: 13977: 13945: 13804: 13778: 13747: 13717: 13691: 13660: 13630: 13600: 13281: 13263:"Political Parties in Sri Lanka" 13255: 13243: 13221: 13199: 13161:from the original on 4 June 2019 13056: 13042: 13020: 12990: 12972: 12943: 12784: 12684: 12609: 12492: 12473: 12455: 12425: 12399: 12229:"Depletion of coastal resources" 12188: 12161: 12129: 12099: 12083:Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World 12048: 12022: 11985: 11946: 11928: 11898: 11868: 11838: 11808: 11778: 11766:from the original on 6 July 2022 11748: 11736:from the original on 19 May 2022 11718: 11688: 11644: 11614: 11602:from the original on 19 May 2022 11584: 11554: 11524: 11512:from the original on 21 May 2019 11495: 11436: 11373: 11361:from the original on 25 May 2009 11341: 11329:from the original on 25 May 2009 11309: 11276: 11245: 11009: 10987: 10945:from the original on 3 July 2014 10718: 10691: 10654: 10614: 10588: 10549: 10429: 10386: 10310: 10261: 10249: 10237: 10168: 10156: 10117: 9993: 9909: 9531:"South East Aisa in Ming Shi-lu" 8361:Seneviratne, Sudharshan (1984). 7463:from the original on 19 May 2023 7014: 6956: 6897: 6881:Sri Lanka national football team 5231: 5221: 5146:(of mixed European descent) and 4763:, come under the purview of the 4222: 4215: 4208: 4201: 4194: 4187: 4180: 4173: 4166: 4067: 3845:United People's Freedom Alliance 3695: 3469: 3120:and shallow beds of coastal and 2865:took place, allegedly backed by 2816:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 2750: 2732: 2615:Sri Lankan independence movement 2375:Eventually, with the support of 2151:. In 1247, the Malay kingdom of 2015:Transitional period of Sri Lanka 1981:forced the then Sinhalese ruler 1280:of the area where he landed. In 1191:Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 992: 859: 858: 816: 815: 797: 796: 764: 763: 745: 744: 683: 140: 126: 43:Democratic Socialist Republic of 21715:Indian Institutes of Technology 21697:Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes 21626:South Asian Football Federation 19277:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century 18818:Official Government News Portal 18732: 18461:"Athlete Susanthika Jayasinghe" 18093:. sinhalaya.com. Archived from 17154:"Chronicle of a death foretold" 16312:. Peacehall.com. 28 March 2005. 16123:"Official Languages Commission" 15676:"Colombo_Katunayaka Expressway" 15323:from the original on 3 May 2016 15159:"Inequality drops with poverty" 15135:. tops.lk. 2011. Archived from 15133:"Per capita income has doubled" 13903:"North-East merger illegal: SC" 13207:"National Symbols of Sri Lanka" 11956:Sri Lanka, the Resplendent Isle 10292:National University of Malaysia 9866: 9786: 9759: 9739: 9657: 9631: 9605: 9579: 9557:"Voyages of Zheng He 1405–1433" 9549: 9523: 9504: 9489: 9480: 9418: 9375: 9293: 9271: 9253: 9173: 9134: 9062: 9019: 8988: 8969: 8813:. Clarendon Press. p. 26. 8800: 8769: 8763: 8757: 8727: 8634: 8604: 8574: 8544: 8512: 8482: 8424: 8400:Seneviratne, Sudarshan (1989). 8393: 8384: 8376:Karunaratne, Priyantha (2010). 8318: 8287: 8252: 8240: 8179: 8117: 8087: 8055: 8036: 7993: 7967: 7941: 7914: 7885: 7858: 7819: 7765: 7710: 7680: 7657: 7602: 7572: 7511: 7105: 6943: 6781:has been rated as the greatest 6732:Sri Lanka national cricket team 6196:(Portuguese-style layer cake). 6148:Dishes include rice and curry, 5994:poorest in democratic countries 5934:are controlled directly by the 5103: 4699:paid a visit to Sri Lanka. The 4544:Districts and local authorities 4258:Provincial GDP share (%) (2022) 3652:. Basic civil law derives from 3010:shaped as a teardrop or a pear/ 2706:Bandaranaike–Chelvanayakam Pact 2567:1906 malaria outbreak in Ceylon 2163:briefly invaded Sri Lanka from 1991:sacked the city of Anuradhapura 1711:in 380 BCE during the reign of 68:இலங்கை சனநாயக சோசலிசக் குடியரசு 22953:British Indian Ocean Territory 22862:Australian Antarctic Territory 22063:Australian Antarctic Territory 21916:British Indian Ocean Territory 20980:British Indian Ocean Territory 19247:Chola conquest of Anuradhapura 19061:The National Library of Israel 18772:University of California Press 18669:. Princeton University Press. 18640:. London: Macmillan & Co. 18368:. 8 March 2014. Archived from 18238:Veera, Sriram (22 July 2010). 18150:"Sri Lanka light up the world" 18148:Selvey, Mike (18 March 1996). 17585:Wickremeratne, Swarna (2006). 17244:. Daily Mirror. Archived from 16940:. pp. 3–4. Archived from 16788:University of California Press 16335:(1). University of Edinburg: 4 15315:Shaffer, Leslie (2 May 2016). 14987:"Country Partnership Strategy" 14750:"How Sri Lanka's military won" 14622:"CIA World Factbook: Sr Lanka" 14434:"NAM Golden Jubilee this year" 13324:. unplanka.com. Archived from 11959:. Times Editions. p. 79. 11283:McDonald, Mark (25 May 2009). 10221:. 25 June 2006. Archived from 9721:S.B. Karalliyadde – The Island 9615:. aramco world. Archived from 8997:"A Brief History of Sri Lanka" 8910:Bandaranayake, Senake (1999). 7865:Ganguly, Rajat (20 May 2013). 7688:"A Brief History of Sri Lanka" 7635:Bandaranayake, Senake (1990). 7339: 7322: 7284: 7258: 7198: 7166: 7134: 6930: 6560:, at the Alulena cave temple, 6270:Female dancers in traditional 5983:Independent Television Network 5849:Development of life expectancy 5625:that is unique to the island. 5002:(HDI) with an index of 0.750. 4670:San Francisco Peace Conference 4598:Foreign relations of Sri Lanka 4009:and also due to the worsening 3851:(SLFP), and the comparatively 3441:Central Highlands of Sri Lanka 3310:Sri Lanka montane rain forests 3306:Sri Lanka lowland rain forests 3022:that was formerly part of the 2949:economic crisis in the country 2925:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings 2818:(LTTE) marked a crisis point. 2399:Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Kandy 1684:in the early historic period. 1103:Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka 13: 1: 22416:SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund 20456:Geographical and geopolitical 19558:Deputy Chairman of Committees 18974:Overview of the country from 18925: 18795: 18481:. 7 June 2010. Archived from 18396:International Cricket Council 18338:. 6 July 2008. Archived from 18312:Vasu, Anand (1 August 2004). 18049:. 25 May 2011. Archived from 17873:. lakpura.com. 28 July 2014. 17762:. Rough Guides. p. 230. 17486:Sri Lanka: Out of the Silence 15260:"The 31 Places to Go in 2010" 15224:"CAF world giving index 2016" 14732:Sri Lanka Ministry of Defence 14650: 13814:. Priu.gov.lk. Archived from 13788:. Priu.gov.lk. Archived from 12574:Biodiversity Planning in Asia 10965:"LTTE: the Indian connection" 10673:De Silva; K. M. (July 1997). 9382:Gnanaprakasar, Swamy (2003). 8889:. Melboune: Panique Pty Ltd. 8883:Ponnamperuma, Senani (2013). 8002:"Sri Lanka: The untold story" 7122: 6936:In Tamil it is transleted as 6192:(Dutch holiday biscuit), and 6052:over 12,000 named individuals 5915:for every child is in place. 5741:that truly set the scene for 4970:Global Competitiveness Report 4735:and subsequently deployed an 3930:Tamil United Liberation Front 3702:National symbols of Sri Lanka 2171:merchant ethnic groups, from 1481:(37,000 BP), named after the 1450: 1236:, as well as a member of the 1161:took control of those areas. 19027:Wikimedia Atlas of Sri Lanka 18992: 18419:. exzoon.com. Archived from 18314:"Sri Lanka win the Asia Cup" 17299:. 31 March 2011. p. 71. 16917:University Grants Commission 16783:A Short History of Sri Lanka 16710:. World Bank. September 2020 15233:. Charities aid foundation. 13147:"Background Note: Sri Lanka" 12238:. p. 86. 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The crisis was fuelled by 3926:Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi 3866:split from the UNP, and the 3248:List of mammals of Sri Lanka 3002:Topographic map of Sri Lanka 2987: 2372:) and was childless by her. 2255:A 17th-century engraving of 2193:Galle Trilingual Inscription 1538:, prior to the migration of 1105:, known collectively as the 27:Island country in South Asia 7: 22947:British Antarctic Territory 22856:Ashmore and Cartier Islands 22135:South Asian Free Trade Area 20530:International Monetary Fund 20498:International organisations 19036:Geographic data related to 18898:Central Intelligence Agency 18851:Prime Minister of Sri Lanka 18627:Sources and further reading 18227:. London. 13 December 2002. 18218:"Murali 'best bowler ever'" 17756:McConnachie, James (2000). 17627:Dissanayake, Wimal (2006). 17612:Dassanayake, M. B. (1970). 17181:"And then they came for me" 17065:. p. 1. Archived from 14626:Central Intelligence Agency 13120:. p. 2. Archived from 12950:Norton, James H.K. (2001). 12797:. p. 4. Archived from 9873:Dharmadasa, K.N.O. (1992). 9300:Jayasekera, P.V.J. (1992). 9182:"The Site of Karna Suvarna" 9028:Artibus Asiae. Supplementum 8262:The Prehistory of Sri Lanka 8259:Deraniyagal, Siran (1992). 7431:International Monetary Fund 7292:"Constitution of Sri Lanka" 7206:"Official Languages Policy" 7142:"Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte" 7089: 7063: 6918:List of cities in Sri Lanka 6890: 6791:Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 6182:plantain leaf or lotus leaf 6096:Hindu devotees engaging in 5628: 5606:. The constitution defines 5007:International Monetary Fund 4894:development of modern ports 4844:Tea production in Sri Lanka 4742: 4654:International Monetary Fund 3973:2019 presidential elections 3965:2015 presidential elections 3944:political party founded by 3892:1956 Parliamentary election 3868:Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna 3676: 3614:proportional representation 3433:) is a rare sub-species of 3264:is one of three recognised 3142:ecosystem spans over 7,000 2929:National Thowheeth Jama'ath 2521:Tea production in Sri Lanka 2474:of 1833. They introduced a 2387:. The new king was crowned 2368:princess from South India ( 1974:In 993 CE, the invasion of 1414: 1398: 1307: 1247: 107: 92: 10: 24001: 22391:SAARC Documentation Centre 21720:Inventions and discoveries 21692:Sino-Indian border dispute 21439:Human rights in South Asia 21225: 20984:British Overseas Territory 20597:Countries and dependencies 19645:State Intelligence Service 18875:Supreme Court of Sri Lanka 18621: 17733:Cambridge University Press 17721:Brandon, James R. (1997). 17633:. Berg. pp. 108–119. 17591:. SUNY Press. p. 31. 17558:Jayakody, Padmini (2008). 16479:"Sri Lanka – Christianity" 16329:The South Asianist Journal 15702:"Class A, B & E Roads" 14820:. April 2012. p. 33. 14381:"Statelessness abolished?" 14137:Cambridge University Press 12998:"The Executive Presidency" 12058:. BBC. 15 September 2007. 10834:Rajasingham, K.T. (2002). 10493:. Routledge. p. 185. 10058:. SAGE. pp. 405–406. 9496:Craig J. Reynolds (2019). 9204:– via Google Books. 9152:Cambridge University Press 9070:"Ancient Irrigation Works" 8466:Asian Educational Services 7894:Art of the Imperial Cholas 7558:. Asian Development Bank. 6647: 6586:(poetic messages) such as 6243: 6129: 6087: 5957: 5883: 5852: 5745:'s survival in Sri Lanka. 5632: 5588: 5220: 5165: 5107: 5043:controlled-access highways 5026: 4990:classifies Sri Lanka as a 4901:established. In 1977, the 4837: 4831: 4827: 4737:Indian Peace Keeping Force 4601: 4595: 4576:, notably Matale and Uva. 4031: 3680: 3455: 3318:Deccan thorn scrub forests 3252:List of birds of Sri Lanka 3245: 3235: 3189: 3185: 2991: 2878:Indian Peace Keeping Force 2859:LTTE attack on 13 soldiers 2849:its economy. Beginning in 2670:until 1956. A countrywide 2612: 2606: 2552:Ceylon Legislative Council 2472:Colebrooke-Cameron reforms 2438:British East India Company 2236: 2230: 2189:Vira Alakesvara of Gampola 2008: 1969:Kashyapa I of Anuradhapura 1909:Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya 1581: 1454: 1443: 1439: 1353: 1344: 1251: 1177:. It was succeeded by the 1007:in this article correctly. 749:$ 318.6 billion ( 421:semi-presidential republic 29: 23773: 23687: 23599: 23510: 23471: 23278: 23254: 23111: 23075: 23025: 22921: 22896: 22846: 22837: 22814: 22519: 22424: 22378: 22357: 22301: 22250: 22141: 22129: 22048: 21897: 21886: 21784: 21705: 21679: 21656: 21611: 21544: 21479: 21425: 21402: 21324: 21236: 21106: 21024: 20997: 20966: 20950: 20929: 20916: 20874: 20863: 20607: 20497: 20481: 20455: 20414: 20373: 20303: 20193: 20101: 20092: 19925: 19804:Grama Niladhari divisions 19774: 19719: 19670: 19605: 19521: 19471: 19458:National Security Council 19422: 19399: 19390: 19340: 19219: 19168: 19159: 19116: 18637:A Short History of Ceylon 18634:Codrington, H.W. (1926). 18295:"Pepsi Asia Cup, 1997–98" 18091:"Sri Lankan martial arts" 17023:"Global Innovation Index" 16850:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 14847:"2024 Global Peace Index" 14656:The Military Balance 2010 14469:10.1080/09700160008455216 14129:Dilesh Jayanntha (2006). 13937:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 12846:"Minneriya National Park" 12463:"Sri Lanka Climate Guide" 11155:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 10875:"Sri Lanka – an Overview" 10856:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 10763:Columbia University Press 10698:Jayasuriya, J.E. (1981). 10646:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 10556:Peebles, Patrick (2006). 9717:"King Wimaladharmasuriya" 9314:, Sri Lanka. p. 25. 8937:Siriweera, W. I. (1994). 8431:Keshavadas, Sant (1988). 8028:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 7898:Columbia University Press 7552:"Sri Lanka: Introduction" 7336:. A History of Sri Lanka. 7081: 7055: 6885:1995 South Asian Gold Cup 6883:also won the prestigious 6580:Dhampiya-Atuva-Getapadaya 6462:, low country dances and 6144:Sri Lankan rice and curry 5960:Human rights in Sri Lanka 5866:World Health Organization 5840: 5793:Anglican Church of Ceylon 5751:Hindu temple architecture 5484:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 5110:Demographics of Sri Lanka 4988:S&P Dow Jones Indices 4513:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 4066: 3954:Sri Lanka Muslim Congress 3938:Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna 3918:All Ceylon Tamil Congress 3904:female head of government 3872:Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna 3805: 3800: 3790: 3779: 3769: 3759: 3749: 3739: 3727: 3717: 3707: 3693: 3462:Constitution of Sri Lanka 3148:2004 Indian Ocean tsunami 3064:chain of limestone shoals 2900:2008. In 2009, under the 2890:expelled Sri Lankan Moors 2797:policy of standardisation 2585:universal adult franchise 1913:Valagamba of Anuradhapura 1907:Buddhism was held at the 1778:, which was destroyed by 1697:Dhatusena of Anuradhapura 1643:189 monarchs of Sri Lanka 1424: 1408: 1365:(the origin of the word " 1299: 1115:Pearl of the Indian Ocean 973: 945: 933: 921: 911: 893: 878: 848: 828: 809: 801:$ 73.7 billion ( 790: 776: 757: 738: 720: 706: 696: 677: 670: 660: 646: 639: 635: 620: 607: 594: 581: 568: 555: 542: 529: 515: 511: 504: 494: 490: 475: 464:Speaker of the Parliament 460: 445: 430: 426: 413: 401: 363: 300: 290: 269: 259: 213:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 205: 196: 171: 166:ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා (Sinhala) 156: 122: 99: 84: 67: 52: 41: 23617:SCO Interbank Consortium 23013:Turks and Caicos Islands 21687:Indo-Pakistani conflicts 20510:World Trade Organization 19784:Administrative divisions 19662:Sri Lanka Police Service 19568:Leader of the Opposition 19211:Sri Lanka (1948–present) 19066: 18938:templates for discussion 18845:13 November 2018 at the 18764:De Silva, K. M. (1981). 18727:The History of Sri Lanka 18562:"1995 SAFF Championship" 17783:Atkinson, Brett (2009). 17654:Lakshman, W. D. (2000). 17488:. freedomfromtorture.org 17363:"Department for Justice" 16751:"Sri Lanka – Statistics" 14074:Commonwealth Secretariat 13151:U.S. Department of State 12319:. indexmundi.com. 2009. 10559:The History of Sri Lanka 10175:Bond, George D. (1992). 10124:Lennox A. Mills (1964). 9693:. Thondaman Foundation. 9474:10 December 2007 at the 9354:History of Ceylon Tamils 9312:University of Peradeniya 8841:Buswell & Lopez 2013 6923: 6643: 6519:Ediriweera Sarachchandra 6228:, and Muslims celebrate 6072:In 2012, the UK charity 5797:Protestant denominations 5098:University of Peradeniya 4918:Presidential Secretariat 4840:Agriculture in Sri Lanka 4686:Asian–African Conference 4028:Administrative divisions 4022:parliamentarian election 3985:Sri Lanka People's Front 3888:S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike 3847:(UPFA), an offspring of 3534:semi-presidential system 3515:Presidential Secretariat 3238:Environment of Sri Lanka 3006:Sri Lanka, an island in 2682:S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike 2662:joined his cabinet. The 2652:Prime Minister of Ceylon 2352:—to Kandy and built the 2331:Dutch East India Company 2317:During the reign of the 1844:, defeated Elara in the 1739:from India. In 250 BCE, 1214:2022 Sri Lankan protests 1208:in South Asia. However, 1151:Sinhalese-Portuguese war 1015:, historically known as 470:Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena 440:Anura Kumara Dissanayake 221:(executive and judicial) 22873:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 22513:Commonwealth of Nations 22432:SAARC Secretary General 21936:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 21494:Archaeological cultures 20942:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 20489:Commonwealth of Nations 20482:Historical and cultural 19863:Knuckles Mountain Range 19858:Hanthana Mountain Range 19799:Divisional Secretariats 19754:Sri Lanka Freedom Party 19181:Pre Anuradhapura period 19015: 18966:Encyclopædia Britannica 18855:Prime Minister's Office 18812:Parliament of Sri Lanka 17820:Encyclopædia Britannica 17786:Lonely Planet Sri Lanka 16780:De Silva, K.M. (1981). 16678:10.1023/A:1003010726149 16581:"Universal Health Care" 16537:The Gallup Organization 16368:12 October 2012 at the 14082:. London. p. 146. 13093:Parliament of Sri Lanka 13068:Parliament of Sri Lanka 13050:"Presidential Immunity" 12710:10.31357/JTFE.V3I2.1838 12196:"Introducing Sri Lanka" 12142:Encyclopædia Britannica 11953:Simon, Richard (1989). 11068:10.1111/0017-4815.00129 10755:Hoffman, Bruce (2006). 9589:. Columbia University. 9433:Oxford University Press 8854:"The History of Ceylon" 8735:"Buddhism in Sri Lanka" 8437:. Motilal Banarsidass. 8155:Deraniyagala, Siran U. 7722:16 October 2015 at the 7674:22 October 2007 at the 7612:. BBC. 2 October 2002. 7550:Roberts, Brian (2006). 7524:Encyclopædia Britannica 7300:Parliament of Sri Lanka 7236:"South Asia: Sri Lanka" 7179:Encyclopædia Britannica 7147:Encyclopædia Britannica 6824:2012 ICC World Twenty20 6748:2014 ICC World Twenty20 6558:Fourth Buddhist council 6048:UN Human Rights Council 5948:Global Innovation Index 5806:immigrants from India ( 5000:Human Development Index 4870:purchasing power parity 4554:divisional secretariats 4003:Parliament of Sri Lanka 3981:parliamentary elections 3952:. Founded in 1981, the 3934:Tamil National Alliance 3880:Lanka Sama Samaja Party 3849:Sri Lanka Freedom Party 3754:Grizzled giant squirrel 3606:Parliament of Sri Lanka 3532:which is governed by a 3458:Government of Sri Lanka 3452:Government and politics 3107:exclusive economic zone 2589:State Council of Ceylon 2574:Ponnambalam Arunachalam 2444:. On 14 February 1815, 2221:Colombo National Museum 2068:Parākramabāhu the Great 1901:Fourth Buddhist Council 1584:Pre Anuradhapura period 1457:Prehistory of Sri Lanka 1315:. The island was known 1242:Commonwealth of Nations 1202:Human Development Index 1111:fourth Buddhist council 698:• 2012 census 270:Official languages 168:ஸ்ரீ லங்கா தாயே (Tamil) 32:Ceylon (disambiguation) 22958:British Virgin Islands 22447:South Asian University 21707:Science and technology 21000:Special administrative 20976:(Sovereign Base Areas) 20555:Group of Fifteen (G15) 20447:International ties of 20341:International rankings 19982:Science and technology 19967:Information technology 19680:Provincial governments 19453:Administrative Service 19414:Constitutional Council 18834:President of Sri Lanka 18767:A history of Sri Lanka 18701:Nubin, Walter (2002). 17839:Cummings, Joe (2006). 15742:Navdanya international 15190:Schwab, Klaus (2011). 14994:Asian Development Bank 12351:. 2008. Archived from 12001:earth.northwestern.edu 11680:: CS1 maint: others ( 11001:. 1997. Archived from 9803:University of Michigan 9180:Beveridge, H. (1894). 9099:Herath, R. B. (2002). 8807:Evans, Julian (1992). 8616:mysrilankaholidays.com 8490:"The Coming of Vijaya" 7826:Skutsch, Carl (2005). 6740:1996 Cricket World Cup 6738:status to winning the 6727: 6665: 6455: 6420:and musicians such as 6286: 6274: 6145: 6136:Festivals in Sri Lanka 6106: 5998:Lasantha Wickrematunge 5954:Human rights and media 5903: 5886:Education in Sri Lanka 5850: 5591:Languages of Sri Lanka 5382:Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia 5119: 5029:Transport in Sri Lanka 4954:Colombo Stock Exchange 4945: 4921: 4861: 4852:Transport in Sri Lanka 4749:Sri Lanka Armed Forces 4658:Asian Development Bank 4625: 4108:North Central Province 3864:Samagi Jana Balawegaya 3687:Elections in Sri Lanka 3637: 3568:President of Sri Lanka 3546:certain basic features 3518: 3444: 3380:Wilpattu National Park 3372: 3361:Panthera pardus kotiya 3273: 3201: 3094: 3003: 2994:Geography of Sri Lanka 2944:severe economic crisis 2921: 2910:Sri Lanka Armed Forces 2710:S. J. V. Chelvanayakam 2666:remained stationed at 2639: 2631: 2542:transcending race and 2535: 2402: 2279: 2264: 2165:Insular Southeast Asia 2155:which was a vassal of 2087:Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 2059: 1896: 1735:, with the arrival of 1700: 1633:). He established the 1600: 1508:which they have named 1333:geographers called it 1200:, ranking 78th on the 1187:Sri Lanka Armed Forces 1135:great political crisis 190: 23970:South Asian countries 22931:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 22839:Dependent territories 22716:Saint Kitts and Nevis 21586:Religious persecution 21444:Religious nationalism 21304:European and Eurasian 21108:Countries and regions 20974:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 19759:United National Party 19578:Chief Opposition Whip 19573:Chief Government Whip 19322:Independence movement 19206:British Ceylon period 19057:Old maps of Sri Lanka 19009:James Emerson Tennent 18986:International Futures 18972:Introducing Sri Lanka 18920:UCB Libraries GovPubs 18863:of the Office of the 18694:147.1 (2018): 78–89. 17386:. UN. pp. 3, 113 17215:Amnesty International 17094:. Pressreference.com. 15650:"Southern Expressway" 15111:"Sri Lanka Tea Board" 14207:Jayasekera, Upali S. 13841:"Provincial Councils" 13562:on 20 September 2011. 13409:New review, Volume 23 13383:. BBC. 20 July 1960. 12751:10.1093/biosci/bix014 12168:Aves, Edward (2003). 12032:. jyotisha.00it.com. 10687:on 30 September 2011. 9221:Herath, R.B. (2002). 8982:7 August 2016 at the 8776:Gunawardana, Jagath. 8586:worldheritagesite.org 7669:The Saviour of Ceylon 7579:Jack Maguire (2001). 7242:. 22 September 2021. 6847:Susanthika Jayasinghe 6714: 6657: 6632:Martin Wickramasinghe 6612:Saddharma-Ratnāvaliya 6610:) and proses such as 6596:Salalihini Sandeshaya 6450: 6280: 6269: 6262:Sri Lankan literature 6143: 6116:hydraulic engineering 6095: 6025:Sri Lankan Government 6005:Amnesty International 5936:ministry of education 5893: 5848: 5635:Religion in Sri Lanka 5117: 4950:market capitalisation 4935: 4911: 4859: 4781:Sri Lanka Coast Guard 4769:military conscription 4709:long-standing dispute 4611: 3900:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 3860:United National Party 3683:Politics of Sri Lanka 3635: 3592:members of parliament 3578:of the armed forces; 3504: 3436:Rhododendron arboreum 3427:Rhododendron arboreum 3424: 3412:Sri Lanka blue magpie 3392:Hurulu Forest Reserve 3354: 3324:flourish on the arid 3281:biodiversity hotspots 3259: 3242:Wildlife of Sri Lanka 3199: 3192:Forestry in Sri Lanka 3085: 3024:Indo-Australian Plate 3001: 2919: 2874:Indo-Sri Lanka Accord 2855:on-and-off insurgency 2780:attempted coup d'état 2776:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 2758:Sirimavo Bandaranaike 2672:popular demonstration 2637: 2626: 2532:Kandyan chief headmen 2529: 2427:Sri Vikrama Rajasinha 2423:Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha 2397: 2286:soldier and explorer 2270: 2254: 2247:British Ceylon period 2041: 2005:Post-classical period 1961:Anula of Anuradhapura 1938:palm-leaf manuscripts 1882: 1846:Battle of Vijithapura 1693:Avukana Buddha statue 1690: 1635:Kingdom of Tambapanni 1595: 1321:Mummudi Cholamandalam 1155:Dutch colonial empire 1147:Portuguese possession 1133:. During a period of 1059:in the southwest and 1039:, separated from the 1019:, and officially the 662:• Water (%) 585:British Ceylon period 189: 23622:Eurasian Land Bridge 23463:United Arab Emirates 22591:Eswatini (Swaziland) 22457:SAARC Literary Award 22379:Specialised agencies 22035:United Arab Emirates 21735:Traditional medicine 20842:United Arab Emirates 20525:Non-Aligned Movement 20185:World Heritage Sites 18828:25 July 2011 at the 18521:on 18 September 2021 18485:on 18 December 2013. 18372:on 21 September 2014 18065:"Kitesurf Sri Lanka" 17871:"Dance of Sri Lanka" 17735:. pp. 226–229. 16969:on 22 February 2011. 16268:. 14 September 2007. 16129:on 14 February 2012. 15726:on 28 December 2012. 15635:2 April 2015 at the 15571:. 6 September 2021. 15545:. 7 September 2021. 15484:. 1 September 2021. 15388:. 18 November 2016. 14953:"Annual Report 2020" 14914:"Annual Report 2010" 14662:. pp. 370–371. 14209:"Colombo Plan at 57" 13526:. 24 February 2011. 13357:. 16 November 2009. 13295:. 18 December 2010. 13269:on 19 September 2011 13183:. lankalibrary.com. 13038:on 18 November 2014. 13008:on 21 September 2014 12952:India and South Asia 12822:. 1 September 2006. 12485:14 July 2014 at the 12433:"Sri Lanka Rainfall" 11850:Hindustan Times News 10879:Fulbright commission 10006:21 June 2015 at the 9942:. 18 February 2014. 9922:13 June 2015 at the 8434:Ramayana at a Glance 7210:languagesdept.gov.lk 7073:[ʃriːlaŋkaː] 6913:Outline of Sri Lanka 6851:2000 Sydney Olympics 6845:; and one silver by 6839:1948 London Olympics 6779:Muttiah Muralitharan 6774:. Former Sri Lankan 6716:Muttiah Muralitharan 6686:association football 6659:R. Premadasa Stadium 6517:, a play written by 6434:Clarence Wijewardene 6347:The Changing Village 6258:Theatre of Sri Lanka 6207:new year festivals. 6111:culture of Sri Lanka 6074:Freedom from Torture 6009:Freedom from Torture 5990:freedom of the press 5913:compulsory schooling 5688: Others (0.05%) 4974:World Economic Forum 4956:quadrupled, and the 4848:Tourism in Sri Lanka 4834:Economy of Sri Lanka 4777:Civil Security Force 4719:, a small island in 4634:relations with India 4630:Non-Aligned Movement 4550:district secretariat 4018:Ranil Wickremesinghe 4011:economy of Sri Lanka 3969:Maithripala Sirisena 3922:S.J.V. Chelvanayakam 3764:Sri Lanka junglefowl 3371:native to Sri Lanka. 3030:, between latitudes 2982:Ranil Wickremesinghe 2953:Ranil Wickremesinghe 2839:executive presidency 2788:Marxist insurrection 2714:colonisation schemes 2660:Arunachalam Mahadeva 2619:Sri Lankan Civil War 2603:Contemporary history 2556:Christian missionary 2548:Ceylon Civil Service 2389:Sri Vijaya Rajasinha 2335:Dutch–Portuguese War 2300:Vimaladharmasuriya I 2292:Francisco de Almeida 2261:Joris van Spilbergen 2195:, a stone tablet at 2187:with the local king 2042:The seated image of 1995:Anuradhapura Kingdom 1993:causing the fall of 1761:Sinhalese population 1709:Anuradhapura Kingdom 1682:Anuradhapura Kingdom 1446:History of Sri Lanka 1234:Non-Aligned Movement 1183:Sri Lankan Civil War 679:• 2022 estimate 625:Current constitution 23892: / 22781:Trinidad and Tobago 22531:Antigua and Barbuda 21666:South Asian studies 21192:South Asian regions 20877:States with limited 19734:Electoral districts 19583:Secretaries-General 19563:Leader of the House 19503:Magistrate's Courts 19196:Transitional period 19186:Anuradhapura period 18503:. 10 November 2016. 17221:on 17 February 2015 17124:"Gota goes berserk" 17033:on 2 September 2021 16992:10.34667/tind.46596 16670:1997IREdu..43..595G 16619:on 17 November 2017 16043:on 13 November 2012 15997:The Daily Telegraph 15957:The Daily Telegraph 15266:. 24 January 2010. 15003:on 15 November 2013 14961:Ministry of Finance 14871:on 17 January 2012. 14863:Fernando, Maxwell. 14438:The Sunday Observer 14327:. 14 January 2004. 14273:The Sunday Observer 14221:on 13 January 2012. 14176:"Foreign Relations" 13578:Dennis B. McGilvray 12986:. 7 September 1978. 12804:on 27 October 2007. 12387:on 26 November 2013 12355:on 24 December 2013 12297:on 26 November 2013 11060:2000GroCh..31..285S 10533:. 5 November 2013. 10527:"Sri Lanka Profile" 10417:on 26 November 2013 10362:"Sinhalese Parties" 10330:"Sinhalese Parties" 9727:on 26 November 2013 9691:"Sri Lanka History" 9567:on 18 December 2007 9561:National Geographic 9516:24 May 2022 at the 9289:on 4 February 2014. 9261:"Parakrama Samudra" 8647:accesstoinsight.org 8458:Parker, H. (1992). 8335:. 26 January 2006. 8294:Deraniyagala, S.U. 8222:. pp. 165–265. 7955:on 27 February 2019 7921:Abeydeera, Ananda. 6594:(swan message) and 6327:Lester James Peiris 6311:Island of Treasures 6254:Dances of Sri Lanka 6246:Cinema of Sri Lanka 5924:C. W. W. Kannangara 5859:Sri Lankans have a 5855:Health in Sri Lanka 5730:Hindus in Sri Lanka 5709:. A sapling of the 4972:, published by the 4765:Ministry of Defence 4761:Sri Lanka Air Force 4711:over the status of 4701:Sirima-Shastri Pact 4062:North-East Province 3744:Sri Lankan birdwing 3544:. The amendment of 3538:two-thirds majority 3408:green-billed coucal 3262:Sri Lankan elephant 3048:Indian subcontinent 2980:, on 21 July 2022, 2973:and burnt it down. 2933:terrorist operation 2886:second insurrection 2876:was signed and the 2867:Sinhalese hard-line 2835:free-market economy 2629:Independence Square 2581:Donoughmore reforms 2492:legislative council 2440:as a result of the 2354:Temple of the Tooth 2288:Lourenço de Almeida 2227:Early modern period 1795:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 1747:and the son of the 1705:Anuradhapura period 1597:Ptolemy's world map 1588:Anuradhapura period 1532:megalithic graffiti 1131:Anuradhapura period 1119:Granary of the East 1035:, southwest of the 559:Transitional period 533:Anuradhapura period 485:Jayantha Jayasuriya 336:0.5% others (incl. 291:Recognised language 237: / 21100:South Asian topics 20311:Capital punishment 19690:Municipal councils 19327:Dominion of Ceylon 19191:Polonnaruwa period 18910:Annual Report 2010 18893:The World Factbook 18882:Overviews and data 18729:(Greenwood, 2005). 18725:Peebles, Patrick. 18423:on 1 November 2013 18293:Thawfeeq, Sa'adi. 18097:on 25 January 2016 18071:on 6 February 2016 17921:on 14 January 2014 17849:. pp. 50–52. 17248:on 21 October 2013 17191:on 16 October 2012 17134:on 20 October 2012 16539:. 9 February 2009. 15604:The New York Times 15264:The New York Times 15113:. worldteanews.com 14628:. 16 August 2011. 14496:The New York Times 14457:Strategic Analysis 14361:on 28 January 2015 14275:. 3 October 2010. 14139:. pp. 82–85. 13965:on 19 January 2022 13891:on 6 October 2010. 13867:The Indian Express 13818:on 16 October 2014 13792:on 16 October 2014 13673:The New York Times 13614:. 6 October 2019. 13231:. The Sunday Times 13127:on 2 November 2013 13052:. constitution.lk. 12510:on 29 January 2012 12409:. mysrilanka.com. 11450:The New York Times 11322:Al Jazeera English 11290:The New York Times 11203:. 3 January 2005. 11021:Wijesinghe, Sarath 11005:on 11 August 2007. 10941:. LankaWeb. 2010. 10939:Jayatunge, Ruwan M 10663:, pp. 128–129 10405:Weerakoon, Batty. 10395:, pp. 121–122 10270:, pp. 389–395 10165:, pp. 116–117 10099:Wimalaratne, K.D.G 9981:on 2 November 2013 9975:scenicsrilanka.com 9940:colonialvoyage.com 9793:Bosma, U. (2008). 9619:on 31 October 2014 9613:"Admiral Zheng He" 9080:on 2 November 2013 9001:localhistories.org 8558:. 8 October 2011. 8496:. 8 October 2011. 7692:localhistories.org 7396:on 6 December 2013 7113:Names of Sri Lanka 6843:400 metres hurdles 6764:ICC World Twenty20 6728: 6666: 6650:Sport in Sri Lanka 6590:(parrot message), 6456: 6297:The Broken Promise 6292:Kadawunu Poronduwa 6287: 6275: 6250:Music of Sri Lanka 6146: 6132:Sri Lankan cuisine 6126:Food and festivals 6107: 6082:Human Rights Watch 6078:Out of the Silence 6017:British government 6013:Human Rights Watch 5964:Media in Sri Lanka 5904: 5851: 5789:St. Francis Xavier 5604:official languages 5120: 5058:Sri Lanka Railways 4983:The New York Times 4978:World Giving Index 4946: 4922: 4914:World Trade Center 4878:plantation economy 4862: 4822:Global Peace Index 4773:Special Task Force 4705:Sirima-Gandhi Pact 4626: 4016:On July 20, 2022, 3999:Gotabaya Rajapaksa 3977:Gotabaya Rajapaksa 3638: 3618:head of government 3576:commander in chief 3519: 3445: 3384:biosphere reserves 3376:Yala National Park 3373: 3357:Sri Lankan leopard 3274: 3202: 3103:Bambarakanda Falls 3095: 3004: 2976:After winning the 2962:Gotabaya Rajapaksa 2922: 2897:2004 Asian tsunami 2833:, together with a 2821:The government of 2812:Alfred Duraiyappah 2801:affirmative action 2664:British Royal Navy 2640: 2632: 2536: 2530:British appointed 2516:Hemileia vastatrix 2503:depression of 1847 2454:Kandyan Convention 2450:second Kandyan War 2403: 2381:"Unambuwe Bandara" 2358:Vira Narendrasinha 2280: 2265: 2159:led by their king 2060: 2011:Polonnaruwa period 1897: 1701: 1637:, near modern-day 1601: 1433:[iˈlaŋɡaɪ] 1411:) and in Tamil as 1390:Dominion of Ceylon 1254:Names of Sri Lanka 1198:developing country 1127:maritime Silk Road 1063:in the northwest. 786:2023 estimate 734:2023 estimate 546:Polonnaruwa period 455:Dinesh Gunawardena 302:Ethnic groups 191: 172:"Mother Sri Lanka" 23930:Countries in Asia 23875: 23874: 23869: 23868: 23647: 23646: 23627:Working languages 23279:Dialogue partners 23035: 23034: 23021: 23020: 22878:Coral Sea Islands 22816:Associated states 22475: 22474: 22452:South Asian Games 22437:SAARC Secretariat 22088: 22087: 21743: 21742: 21646:Traditional games 21631:South Asian Games 21219:General geography 21066: 21065: 20993: 20992: 20563: 20562: 20401: 20400: 20369: 20368: 20326:Gender inequality 20273:Traditional games 20124:Sexual Minorities 19853:Central Highlands 19744:Foreign relations 19715: 19714: 19685:Local governments 19607:National security 19386: 19385: 19378:Sexual Minorities 19292:Portuguese Ceylon 18952:Sri Lanka profile 18781:978-0-520-04320-6 18718:978-1-59033-573-4 18676:978-0-691-15786-3 18647:978-0-8369-5596-5 18475:"LKY's prejudice" 17856:978-1-74059-975-7 17800:978-1-74104-835-3 17769:978-1-85828-636-5 17742:978-0-521-58822-5 17675:978-1-56072-784-2 17640:978-1-84520-237-8 17598:978-0-7914-6881-4 17571:978-1-4092-1942-2 17561:Simply Sri Lankan 17160:. 15 January 2009 17001:978-92-805-3432-0 16890:. 28 October 2021 16797:978-0-520-04320-6 16761:on 30 August 2018 16464:978-955-9098-42-3 16202:on 6 January 2020 16176:on 7 January 2019 16097:statistics.gov.lk 15865:Colombo Telegraph 15708:on 28 April 2016. 14669:978-1-85743-557-3 14391:on 13 August 2014 14351:"29 October 1964" 14297:. 21 April 2005. 14146:978-0-521-02975-9 14089:978-0-9542917-9-2 13612:The Straits Times 13494:. Lanka Library. 13460:978-1-56072-784-2 13435:W. D., Lakshman; 12965:978-0-07-243298-5 12954:. United States: 12891:10.3390/f11080836 12662:978-955-0-03355-3 12621:news.mongabay.com 12545:(11): 1567–1572. 12245:on 31 March 2012. 12181:978-1-903471-78-4 12092:978-81-261-3489-2 11762:. 11 April 2022. 11628:. 30 April 2021. 11598:. 23 April 2022. 11508:. 29 April 2019. 11101:978-955-8093-00-9 10801:(December 1998). 10772:978-0-231-12699-1 10626:Rajasingham, K. T 10569:978-0-313-33205-0 10500:978-0-415-22905-0 10461:978-0-262-52333-2 10219:Balachandran, P.K 10188:978-81-208-1047-1 10137:978-0-7146-2019-0 10065:978-0-7619-3278-9 9890:978-0-472-10288-4 9883:. pp. 8–12. 9812:978-0-89680-261-2 9779:978-81-206-1845-9 9442:978-0-19-506418-6 9399:978-81-206-1686-8 9321:978-81-7003-148-2 9234:978-1-55369-793-0 9112:978-1-55369-793-0 8950:978-0-7069-7621-2 8923:978-955-613-111-6 8896:978-0-9873451-1-0 8886:Story of Sigiriya 8685:978-0-8160-5459-6 8592:on 7 January 2004 8475:978-81-206-0208-3 8444:978-81-208-0545-3 8280:978-955-9159-00-1 8051:on 22 April 2007. 7907:978-0-231-51524-5 7878:978-1-136-31188-8 7839:978-1-57958-470-2 7812:978-81-206-1271-6 7785:978-0-7614-1477-3 7650:978-955-9043-02-7 7592:978-0-671-04188-5 7565:978-971-561-607-2 7492:. 13 March 2024. 7351:statistics.gov.lk 7334:978-0-19-561655-2 7099:[ilaŋɡaj] 7087: 7061: 6940:(ஸ்ரீ லங்கா தாயே) 6833:: one silver, by 6752:Cricket World Cup 6440:originated among 6418:Ananda Samarakoon 6062:Navanethem Pillay 6015:, as well as the 5928:Madhya Vidyalayas 5817:majority observe 5735:Devanampiya Tissa 5699:Official religion 5616:Portuguese Creole 5581: 5580: 5136:Sri Lankan Tamils 4965:of 0.36 in 2010. 4874:per capita income 4790:militants of the 4751:, comprising the 4729:J. R. Jayawardene 4614:J. R. Jayewardene 4592:Foreign relations 4541: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4250:Population (2012) 4153:Southern Province 4092:Northern Province 3961:Mahinda Rajapaksa 3914:Tamil nationalist 3910:G. G. Ponnambalam 3834: 3833: 3722:Gold Lion Passant 3499: 3498: 3404:red-faced malkoha 3225:tropical cyclones 3210:central highlands 3130:Sri Lanka has 45 3038:, and longitudes 2966:President's House 2906:Mahinda Rajapaksa 2823:J. R. Jayawardene 2763: 2745: 2676:Dudley Senanayake 2650:became the first 2593:G. G. Ponnambalam 2511:another rebellion 2488:executive council 2460:were thwarted by 2239:Portuguese Ceylon 2199:written in three 2089:. He sailed from 2072:Parakrama Samudra 2064:irrigation system 2054:, shows signs of 1923:was at that time 1793:arrived with the 1733:Devanampiya Tissa 1603:According to the 1496:(28,500 BP); and 1313:Sangam literature 1305: 1268:named the island 1206:per capita income 1165:was taken by the 1072:Sri Lankan Tamils 1031:. It lies in the 1001:rendering support 988: 987: 842:medium inequality 811:• Per capita 759:• Per capita 397:0.1% other / none 320:Sri Lankan Tamils 187: 114: 113: 16:(Redirected from 23992: 23965:Socialist states 23945:Island countries 23907: 23906: 23904: 23903: 23902: 23897: 23893: 23890: 23889: 23888: 23885: 23674: 23667: 23660: 23651: 23650: 23589: 23587: 23586: 23576: 23574: 23573: 23563: 23561: 23560: 23550: 23548: 23547: 23537: 23535: 23534: 23524: 23522: 23521: 23495: 23493: 23492: 23461: 23459: 23458: 23448: 23446: 23445: 23435: 23433: 23432: 23422: 23420: 23419: 23409: 23407: 23406: 23396: 23394: 23393: 23383: 23381: 23380: 23370: 23368: 23367: 23357: 23355: 23354: 23344: 23342: 23341: 23331: 23329: 23328: 23318: 23316: 23315: 23305: 23303: 23302: 23292: 23290: 23289: 23268: 23266: 23265: 23244: 23242: 23241: 23231: 23229: 23228: 23218: 23216: 23215: 23205: 23203: 23202: 23192: 23190: 23189: 23179: 23177: 23176: 23166: 23164: 23163: 23153: 23151: 23150: 23140: 23138: 23137: 23127: 23125: 23124: 23062: 23055: 23048: 23039: 23038: 22998:Pitcairn Islands 22968:Falkland Islands 22868:Christmas Island 22844: 22843: 22706:Papua New Guinea 22521:Sovereign states 22502: 22495: 22488: 22479: 22478: 22425:Related Articles 22115: 22108: 22101: 22092: 22091: 21941: 21931: 21926:Christmas Island 21920: 21892: 21770: 21763: 21756: 21747: 21746: 21641:Physical culture 21536:Former countries 21531:Contemporary era 21231: 21093: 21086: 21079: 21070: 21069: 21054: 21042: 21041: 21002:regions of China 20937:Christmas Island 20927: 20926: 20869: 20609:Sovereign states 20590: 20583: 20576: 20567: 20566: 20535:World Bank Group 20441: 20434: 20427: 20418: 20417: 20409:Related articles 20405: 20404: 20391: 20381: 20380: 20253:National symbols 20099: 20098: 19700:Pradeshiya Sabha 19437:Executive Office 19397: 19396: 19317:Matale rebellion 19166: 19165: 19102: 19095: 19088: 19079: 19078: 19035: 19034: 19025: 19024: 18871:Official website 18861:Official website 18840:Official website 18823:Official website 18808:Official website 18785: 18760: 18758: 18756: 18750: 18744:. Archived from 18739: 18722: 18687: 18685: 18683: 18659: 18615: 18614: 18612: 18610: 18600: 18594: 18593: 18591: 18589: 18579: 18573: 18572: 18570: 18568: 18558: 18552: 18551: 18549: 18547: 18537: 18531: 18530: 18528: 18526: 18517:. Archived from 18511: 18505: 18504: 18493: 18487: 18486: 18471: 18465: 18464: 18457: 18451: 18450: 18439: 18433: 18432: 18430: 18428: 18413: 18407: 18406: 18404: 18402: 18388: 18382: 18381: 18379: 18377: 18358: 18352: 18351: 18349: 18347: 18328: 18322: 18321: 18309: 18303: 18302: 18290: 18284: 18283: 18276: 18270: 18269: 18268:. 13 March 2023. 18256: 18250: 18249: 18235: 18229: 18228: 18214: 18208: 18207: 18195: 18189: 18188: 18180: 18174: 18173: 18166: 18160: 18159: 18145: 18139: 18138: 18136: 18134: 18113: 18107: 18106: 18104: 18102: 18087: 18081: 18080: 18078: 18076: 18061: 18055: 18054: 18053:on 8 April 2012. 18037: 18031: 18030: 18018: 18012: 18011: 18000: 17994: 17993: 17991: 17989: 17980:. Archived from 17970: 17964: 17963: 17961: 17959: 17944: 17931: 17930: 17928: 17926: 17911: 17905: 17904: 17902: 17900: 17885: 17879: 17878: 17867: 17861: 17860: 17836: 17825: 17824: 17811: 17805: 17804: 17780: 17774: 17773: 17753: 17747: 17746: 17718: 17712: 17711: 17709: 17707: 17698:. Archived from 17686: 17680: 17679: 17651: 17645: 17644: 17624: 17618: 17617: 17609: 17603: 17602: 17582: 17576: 17575: 17555: 17549: 17543: 17537: 17531: 17525: 17524: 17517: 17511: 17510: 17508: 17506: 17495: 17489: 17483: 17477: 17476: 17474: 17472: 17467:. 31 August 2013 17457: 17451: 17450: 17448: 17446: 17441:. 31 August 2013 17431: 17425: 17424: 17422: 17420: 17405: 17399: 17398: 17393: 17391: 17385: 17376: 17370: 17369: 17367: 17359: 17353: 17352: 17350: 17348: 17333: 17327: 17326: 17324: 17322: 17307: 17301: 17300: 17294: 17286: 17280: 17279: 17264: 17258: 17257: 17255: 17253: 17237: 17231: 17230: 17228: 17226: 17217:. Archived from 17207: 17201: 17200: 17198: 17196: 17187:. Archived from 17176: 17170: 17169: 17167: 17165: 17150: 17144: 17143: 17141: 17139: 17130:. Archived from 17119: 17113: 17112: 17110: 17102: 17096: 17095: 17088: 17082: 17081: 17079: 17077: 17072:on 20 March 2016 17071: 17060: 17052: 17043: 17042: 17040: 17038: 17027:INSEAD Knowledge 17019: 17013: 17012: 17010: 17008: 16977: 16971: 16970: 16965:. Archived from 16955: 16949: 16948: 16947:on 23 June 2013. 16946: 16935: 16927: 16921: 16920: 16914: 16906: 16900: 16899: 16897: 16895: 16880: 16874: 16873: 16862: 16856: 16855: 16849: 16841: 16839: 16837: 16826: 16820: 16819: 16808: 16802: 16801: 16777: 16771: 16770: 16768: 16766: 16757:. Archived from 16747: 16741: 16740: 16729: 16720: 16719: 16717: 16715: 16704: 16698: 16697: 16664:(5/6): 595–609. 16653: 16647: 16646: 16635: 16629: 16628: 16626: 16624: 16618: 16611: 16603: 16597: 16596: 16594: 16592: 16587:on 12 April 2014 16577: 16571: 16570: 16568: 16566: 16557:. Archived from 16547: 16541: 16540: 16529: 16523: 16522: 16519:The Sunday Times 16511: 16505: 16504: 16493: 16487: 16486: 16475: 16469: 16468: 16448: 16442: 16441: 16439: 16437: 16421: 16415: 16414: 16413:on 29 July 2014. 16412: 16406:. Archived from 16405: 16397: 16391: 16390: 16389:on 4 March 2016. 16379: 16373: 16360: 16354: 16351: 16345: 16344: 16342: 16340: 16320: 16314: 16313: 16306: 16297: 16296: 16294: 16292: 16281: 16270: 16269: 16254: 16248: 16247: 16245: 16243: 16237: 16231:. Archived from 16226: 16218: 16212: 16211: 16209: 16207: 16192: 16186: 16185: 16183: 16181: 16162: 16156: 16155: 16145: 16137: 16131: 16130: 16125:. Archived from 16119: 16113: 16112: 16110: 16108: 16089: 16083: 16082: 16080: 16078: 16067:lankalibrary.com 16059: 16053: 16052: 16050: 16048: 16042: 16035: 16027: 16021: 16020: 16018: 16016: 15988: 15982: 15981: 15979: 15977: 15947: 15941: 15940: 15938: 15936: 15917: 15911: 15910: 15908: 15906: 15897:. 25 June 2021. 15887: 15881: 15880: 15878: 15876: 15867:. 30 June 2021. 15857: 15851: 15850: 15848: 15846: 15831: 15825: 15824: 15822: 15820: 15801: 15795: 15794: 15788: 15786: 15767: 15758: 15757: 15755: 15753: 15744:. 16 June 2021. 15734: 15728: 15727: 15716: 15710: 15709: 15704:. Archived from 15698: 15692: 15691: 15689: 15687: 15682:on 17 April 2009 15672: 15666: 15665: 15663: 15661: 15656:on 15 April 2009 15646: 15640: 15627: 15621: 15620: 15618: 15616: 15594: 15585: 15584: 15582: 15580: 15565: 15559: 15558: 15556: 15554: 15535: 15529: 15528: 15526: 15524: 15504: 15498: 15497: 15495: 15493: 15474: 15465: 15464: 15462: 15460: 15455:on 5 August 2018 15451:. Archived from 15441: 15435: 15434: 15432: 15430: 15411: 15405: 15404: 15399: 15397: 15378: 15372: 15371: 15366: 15364: 15342: 15336: 15335: 15330: 15328: 15312: 15306: 15305: 15303: 15301: 15286: 15280: 15279: 15277: 15275: 15256: 15250: 15249: 15247: 15245: 15239: 15228: 15220: 15214: 15213: 15211: 15209: 15203: 15196: 15187: 15181: 15180: 15178: 15176: 15170: 15163: 15155: 15149: 15148: 15146: 15144: 15139:on 20 March 2012 15129: 15123: 15122: 15120: 15118: 15107: 15101: 15100: 15098: 15096: 15087:. 18 July 2011. 15075: 15069: 15068: 15066: 15064: 15055:. 17 July 2011. 15045: 15039: 15038: 15036: 15034: 15019: 15013: 15012: 15010: 15008: 15002: 14991: 14983: 14977: 14976: 14974: 14972: 14949: 14930: 14929: 14927: 14925: 14910: 14899: 14898: 14896: 14894: 14889:on 7 August 2014 14879: 14873: 14872: 14860: 14854: 14853: 14851: 14843: 14837: 14836: 14834: 14832: 14826: 14815: 14807: 14801: 14800: 14798: 14796: 14776: 14770: 14769: 14767: 14765: 14746: 14740: 14739: 14738:on 3 March 2016. 14724: 14718: 14717: 14716:on 4 March 2016. 14706: 14700: 14699: 14697: 14695: 14686:. NationMaster. 14680: 14674: 14673: 14648: 14642: 14641: 14639: 14637: 14618: 14612: 14611: 14609: 14607: 14586: 14580: 14579: 14577: 14575: 14554: 14548: 14547: 14545: 14543: 14537: 14526: 14518: 14512: 14511: 14509: 14507: 14487: 14481: 14480: 14452: 14446: 14445: 14440:. 10 July 2011. 14430: 14424: 14423: 14422:on 2 April 2012. 14418:. Archived from 14407: 14401: 14400: 14398: 14396: 14387:. Archived from 14377: 14371: 14370: 14368: 14366: 14357:. Archived from 14347: 14341: 14340: 14338: 14336: 14317: 14311: 14310: 14308: 14306: 14287: 14281: 14280: 14265: 14259: 14258: 14256: 14254: 14248: 14237: 14229: 14223: 14222: 14217:. Archived from 14204: 14198: 14197: 14195: 14193: 14172: 14163: 14162: 14160: 14158: 14126: 14120: 14119: 14113: 14105: 14103: 14101: 14070: 14064: 14063: 14061: 14054: 14046: 14040: 14039: 14037: 14035: 14029: 14018: 14010: 14004: 14003: 14001: 13999: 13989: 13981: 13975: 13974: 13972: 13970: 13964: 13957: 13949: 13943: 13942: 13936: 13928: 13917: 13911: 13910: 13899: 13893: 13892: 13877: 13871: 13870: 13859: 13853: 13852: 13837: 13828: 13827: 13825: 13823: 13808: 13802: 13801: 13799: 13797: 13782: 13776: 13775: 13773: 13771: 13751: 13745: 13744: 13742: 13740: 13721: 13715: 13714: 13712: 13710: 13695: 13689: 13688: 13686: 13684: 13664: 13658: 13657: 13655: 13653: 13644:. 5 March 2020. 13634: 13628: 13627: 13625: 13623: 13604: 13598: 13597: 13595: 13593: 13584:. January 2011. 13570: 13564: 13563: 13561: 13554: 13546: 13540: 13539: 13537: 13535: 13514: 13508: 13507: 13505: 13503: 13488: 13477: 13476: 13474: 13472: 13432: 13426: 13425: 13423: 13421: 13403: 13397: 13396: 13394: 13392: 13377: 13371: 13370: 13368: 13366: 13347: 13338: 13337: 13335: 13333: 13318: 13309: 13308: 13306: 13304: 13285: 13279: 13278: 13276: 13274: 13259: 13253: 13247: 13241: 13240: 13238: 13236: 13225: 13219: 13218: 13216: 13214: 13203: 13197: 13196: 13194: 13192: 13177: 13171: 13170: 13168: 13166: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13132: 13126: 13115: 13107: 13101: 13100: 13099:on 16 June 2010. 13095:. Archived from 13085: 13076: 13075: 13074:on 16 June 2010. 13070:. Archived from 13060: 13054: 13053: 13046: 13040: 13039: 13024: 13018: 13017: 13015: 13013: 13004:. Archived from 12994: 12988: 12987: 12976: 12970: 12969: 12947: 12941: 12940: 12938: 12936: 12927:. Archived from 12917: 12911: 12910: 12908: 12906: 12900: 12893: 12868: 12862: 12861: 12859: 12857: 12842: 12836: 12835: 12833: 12831: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12796: 12788: 12782: 12781: 12771: 12753: 12729: 12723: 12722: 12712: 12688: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12677: 12671: 12654: 12643: 12637: 12636: 12634: 12632: 12623:. Archived from 12613: 12607: 12606: 12604: 12602: 12596: 12579: 12568: 12562: 12561: 12559: 12557: 12551: 12536: 12526: 12520: 12519: 12517: 12515: 12504:Voice of America 12496: 12490: 12477: 12471: 12470: 12469:on 25 June 2012. 12459: 12453: 12452: 12450: 12448: 12429: 12423: 12422: 12420: 12418: 12403: 12397: 12396: 12394: 12392: 12386: 12379: 12371: 12365: 12364: 12362: 12360: 12339: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12313: 12307: 12306: 12304: 12302: 12293:. Archived from 12283: 12277: 12276: 12274: 12272: 12253: 12247: 12246: 12244: 12233: 12225: 12216: 12215: 12213: 12211: 12192: 12186: 12185: 12165: 12159: 12158: 12156: 12154: 12133: 12127: 12126: 12124: 12122: 12103: 12097: 12096: 12078: 12072: 12071: 12069: 12067: 12052: 12046: 12045: 12043: 12041: 12026: 12020: 12019: 12017: 12015: 12009: 11998: 11989: 11983: 11982: 11980: 11978: 11950: 11944: 11943: 11932: 11926: 11925: 11923: 11921: 11902: 11896: 11895: 11893: 11891: 11882:. 21 July 2022. 11872: 11866: 11865: 11863: 11861: 11842: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11831: 11822:. 14 July 2022. 11812: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11801: 11782: 11776: 11775: 11773: 11771: 11752: 11746: 11745: 11743: 11741: 11722: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11711: 11692: 11686: 11685: 11679: 11671: 11669: 11667: 11648: 11642: 11641: 11639: 11637: 11618: 11612: 11611: 11609: 11607: 11588: 11582: 11581: 11579: 11577: 11558: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11547: 11528: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11499: 11493: 11492: 11490: 11488: 11473: 11467: 11466: 11464: 11462: 11440: 11434: 11433: 11431: 11429: 11408: 11402: 11401: 11399: 11397: 11377: 11371: 11370: 11368: 11366: 11345: 11339: 11338: 11336: 11334: 11313: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11280: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11269: 11249: 11243: 11242: 11240: 11238: 11223: 11217: 11216: 11214: 11212: 11193: 11187: 11186: 11184: 11182: 11167: 11161: 11160: 11154: 11146: 11144: 11142: 11127: 11118: 11117: 11115: 11113: 11082:Gunaratna, Rohan 11078: 11072: 11071: 11043: 11037: 11036: 11034: 11032: 11013: 11007: 11006: 10991: 10985: 10984: 10982: 10980: 10961: 10955: 10954: 10952: 10950: 10931: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10920: 10911:. 23 July 2013. 10901: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10890: 10871: 10862: 10861: 10855: 10847: 10845: 10843: 10831: 10825: 10824: 10822: 10820: 10814: 10807: 10795: 10789: 10788: 10786: 10784: 10758:Inside Terrorism 10752: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10741: 10732:. Tamil Nation. 10722: 10716: 10715: 10695: 10689: 10688: 10686: 10679: 10670: 10664: 10658: 10652: 10651: 10645: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10618: 10612: 10611: 10609: 10607: 10602:on 8 August 2017 10592: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10581: 10553: 10547: 10546: 10544: 10542: 10523: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10507: 10484: 10478: 10477: 10475: 10473: 10445: 10439: 10433: 10427: 10426: 10424: 10422: 10413:. Archived from 10402: 10396: 10390: 10384: 10383: 10381: 10379: 10358: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10326: 10320: 10314: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10303: 10280: 10271: 10265: 10259: 10253: 10247: 10241: 10235: 10234: 10232: 10230: 10211: 10205: 10204: 10202: 10200: 10172: 10166: 10160: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10149: 10121: 10115: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10091: 10085: 10079: 10070: 10069: 10049: 10040: 10039: 10037: 10035: 10024:lankalibrary.com 10016: 10010: 9997: 9991: 9990: 9988: 9986: 9977:. Archived from 9967: 9956: 9955: 9953: 9951: 9932: 9926: 9913: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9870: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9859: 9848:The Sunday Times 9840: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9790: 9784: 9783: 9763: 9757: 9756: 9743: 9737: 9736: 9734: 9732: 9723:. Archived from 9713: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9702: 9687: 9681: 9680: 9678: 9676: 9671:on 12 April 2010 9661: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9650: 9635: 9629: 9628: 9626: 9624: 9609: 9603: 9602: 9600: 9598: 9583: 9577: 9576: 9574: 9572: 9563:. Archived from 9553: 9547: 9546: 9544: 9542: 9527: 9521: 9508: 9502: 9501: 9493: 9487: 9484: 9478: 9465: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9422: 9416: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9379: 9373: 9366: 9357: 9350: 9341: 9340: 9335: 9333: 9297: 9291: 9290: 9285:. Archived from 9275: 9269: 9268: 9257: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9246: 9218: 9209: 9208: 9203: 9201: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9165: 9163: 9138: 9132: 9131: 9126: 9124: 9096: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9085: 9076:. Archived from 9066: 9060: 9059: 9023: 9017: 9016: 9014: 9012: 8992: 8986: 8973: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8934: 8928: 8927: 8907: 8901: 8900: 8880: 8874: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8864:on 8 August 2014 8860:. Archived from 8850: 8844: 8838: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8804: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8793: 8784:. Archived from 8773: 8767: 8761: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8750: 8731: 8725: 8724: 8722: 8720: 8699: 8690: 8689: 8669: 8663: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8638: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8608: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8597: 8588:. Archived from 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8516: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8505: 8486: 8480: 8479: 8455: 8449: 8448: 8428: 8422: 8421: 8419: 8417: 8397: 8391: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8373: 8367: 8366: 8358: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8322: 8316: 8315: 8313: 8311: 8300:lankalibrary.com 8291: 8285: 8284: 8256: 8250: 8244: 8238: 8237: 8231: 8223: 8215: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8183: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8152: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8121: 8115: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8101:. Archived from 8091: 8085: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8074: 8067: 8059: 8053: 8052: 8047:. Archived from 8043:Zubair, Lareef. 8040: 8034: 8033: 8027: 8019: 8017: 8015: 7997: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7934: 7918: 7912: 7911: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7862: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7851: 7823: 7817: 7816: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7769: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7736: 7730: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7684: 7678: 7661: 7655: 7654: 7632: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7606: 7600: 7599: 7576: 7570: 7569: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7515: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7498: 7487: 7479: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7468: 7453: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7433:. October 2022. 7419: 7406: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7395: 7389:. Archived from 7384: 7376: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7359: 7343: 7337: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7315: 7309: 7296: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7262: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7216:on 12 April 2021 7202: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7191: 7170: 7164: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7138: 7116: 7109: 7103: 7101: 7096: 7092: 7086:romanized: 7085: 7083: 7075: 7070: 7066: 7060:romanized: 7059: 7057: 7056:ශ්‍රී ලංකා 7049: 7048: 7047: 7046: 7039: 7036: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7026: 7023: 7020: 7013: 7005: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6997: 6994: 6989: 6988: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6968: 6965: 6962: 6955: 6947: 6941: 6934: 6907: 6905:Sri Lanka portal 6902: 6901: 6900: 6634:, the author of 6608:Diadem of Poetry 6592:Hansa Sandeshaya 6426:Victor Ratnayake 6375:Michael Ondaatje 5932:national schools 5687: 5677: 5667: 5657: 5647: 5235: 5225: 5175: 5163: 5162: 5062:deep-water ports 5054:National Railway 5036:A-Grade highways 4963:Gini coefficient 4725:fifth NAM summit 4682:Rubber-Rice Pact 4568:. Originally, a 4564:and in Tamil as 4255:(Persons per km) 4234: 4233: 4230: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4161: 4102: 4086: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4057:decentralisation 4042:and twenty-five 3992:political crisis 3946:Rohana Wijeweera 3942:Marxist–Leninist 3826: 3819: 3812: 3700: 3699: 3691: 3690: 3517:'s headquarters. 3511:Galle Face Green 3494: 3491: 3473: 3466: 3425:Maha rath mala ( 3326:Jaffna Peninsula 3066:remaining above 2831:new constitution 2761: 2754: 2743: 2736: 2686:Sinhala Only Act 2648:D. S. Senanayake 2597:Soulbury reforms 2465:Robert Brownrigg 2442:Treaty of Amiens 2314:came to an end. 2120:'s adopted son, 2118:Parâkramabâhu VI 2103:Sinhalese people 1832:, who overthrew 1818:Sena and Guttika 1780:Bakhtiyar Khilji 1768:Buddhist schools 1435: 1430: 1426: 1417: 1410: 1409:ශ්‍රී ලංකා 1401: 1357:) from the word 1356: 1355: 1346: 1317:under Chola rule 1310: 1304:romanized: 1303: 1301: 1264:, the legendary 1159:Kingdom of Kandy 1139:Kingdom of Kotte 1068:Sinhalese people 1041:Indian peninsula 996: 995: 983: 902: 883:Sri Lankan rupee 869: 868: 862: 861: 855: 844: 843: 835: 819: 818: 800: 799: 783: 767: 766: 748: 747: 731: 688:22,037,000 ( 687: 686: 631:7 September 1978 627: 380: 326:Sri Lankan Moors 252: 251: 249: 248: 247: 242: 241:6.933°N 79.867°E 238: 235: 234: 233: 230: 201: 188: 173: 144: 130: 110: 95: 82: 81: 78: 70: 69: 63: 55: 54: 39: 38: 21: 24000: 23999: 23995: 23994: 23993: 23991: 23990: 23989: 23985:Buddhist states 23910: 23909: 23900: 23898: 23894: 23891: 23886: 23883: 23881: 23879: 23878: 23876: 23871: 23870: 23865: 23769: 23683: 23678: 23648: 23643: 23595: 23584: 23582: 23571: 23569: 23558: 23556: 23545: 23543: 23532: 23530: 23519: 23517: 23506: 23490: 23488: 23467: 23456: 23454: 23443: 23441: 23430: 23428: 23417: 23415: 23404: 23402: 23391: 23389: 23378: 23376: 23365: 23363: 23352: 23350: 23339: 23337: 23326: 23324: 23313: 23311: 23300: 23298: 23287: 23285: 23274: 23263: 23261: 23255:Observer states 23250: 23239: 23237: 23226: 23224: 23213: 23211: 23200: 23198: 23187: 23185: 23174: 23172: 23161: 23159: 23148: 23146: 23135: 23133: 23122: 23120: 23107: 23071: 23066: 23036: 23031: 23017: 22917: 22907:Ross Dependency 22892: 22833: 22810: 22751:Solomon Islands 22523: 22515: 22506: 22476: 22471: 22442:SAARC satellite 22420: 22374: 22353: 22297: 22246: 22137: 22125: 22119: 22089: 22084: 22044: 21939: 21929: 21918: 21893: 21884: 21780: 21774: 21744: 21739: 21701: 21675: 21652: 21607: 21540: 21511:Middle kingdoms 21475: 21466:Stock exchanges 21421: 21398: 21354:Cultural sphere 21320: 21232: 21223: 21102: 21097: 21067: 21062: 21035: 21020: 21004: 21001: 20989: 20962: 20946: 20923: 20920: 20912: 20893:Northern Cyprus 20881: 20878: 20870: 20861: 20603: 20594: 20564: 20559: 20493: 20477: 20451: 20445: 20410: 20402: 20397: 20365: 20299: 20189: 20170:Public holidays 20088: 19921: 19875:Protected areas 19770: 19711: 19666: 19601: 19590:15th Parliament 19517: 19513:Labour Tribunal 19498:District courts 19488:Court of appeal 19467: 19463:Law enforcement 19418: 19382: 19336: 19215: 19155: 19112: 19106: 19069: 19032: 19022: 19018: 18995: 18941: 18884: 18847:Wayback Machine 18830:Wayback Machine 18798: 18793: 18788: 18782: 18754: 18752: 18751:on 24 July 2011 18748: 18737: 18719: 18709:Nova Publishers 18681: 18679: 18677: 18648: 18629: 18624: 18619: 18618: 18608: 18606: 18602: 18601: 18597: 18587: 18585: 18581: 18580: 18576: 18566: 18564: 18560: 18559: 18555: 18545: 18543: 18539: 18538: 18534: 18524: 18522: 18513: 18512: 18508: 18495: 18494: 18490: 18473: 18472: 18468: 18459: 18458: 18454: 18449:. 12 June 2008. 18441: 18440: 18436: 18426: 18424: 18415: 18414: 18410: 18400: 18398: 18390: 18389: 18385: 18375: 18373: 18362:"Asia Cup 2014" 18360: 18359: 18355: 18345: 18343: 18342:on 7 March 2016 18332:"Asia Cup 2008" 18330: 18329: 18325: 18310: 18306: 18291: 18287: 18278: 18277: 18273: 18265:Times of Sports 18258: 18257: 18253: 18236: 18232: 18216: 18215: 18211: 18196: 18192: 18181: 18177: 18172:. ESPNcricinfo. 18168: 18167: 18163: 18146: 18142: 18132: 18130: 18115: 18114: 18110: 18100: 18098: 18089: 18088: 18084: 18074: 18072: 18063: 18062: 18058: 18039: 18038: 18034: 18019: 18015: 18002: 18001: 17997: 17987: 17985: 17984:on 4 March 2016 17972: 17971: 17967: 17957: 17955: 17954:on 4 March 2016 17946: 17945: 17934: 17924: 17922: 17913: 17912: 17908: 17898: 17896: 17895:on 4 March 2016 17887: 17886: 17882: 17869: 17868: 17864: 17857: 17837: 17828: 17815:"Kandyan dance" 17813: 17812: 17808: 17801: 17781: 17777: 17770: 17754: 17750: 17743: 17719: 17715: 17705: 17703: 17702:on 9 March 2016 17688: 17687: 17683: 17676: 17668:. p. 253. 17666:Nova Publishers 17652: 17648: 17641: 17625: 17621: 17610: 17606: 17599: 17583: 17579: 17572: 17556: 17552: 17544: 17540: 17532: 17528: 17519: 17518: 17514: 17504: 17502: 17497: 17496: 17492: 17484: 17480: 17470: 17468: 17459: 17458: 17454: 17444: 17442: 17433: 17432: 17428: 17418: 17416: 17406: 17402: 17389: 17387: 17383: 17377: 17373: 17365: 17361: 17360: 17356: 17346: 17344: 17343:on 8 April 2014 17335: 17334: 17330: 17320: 17318: 17309: 17308: 17304: 17292: 17288: 17287: 17283: 17278:on 7 June 2001. 17266: 17265: 17261: 17251: 17249: 17238: 17234: 17224: 17222: 17209: 17208: 17204: 17194: 17192: 17177: 17173: 17163: 17161: 17152: 17151: 17147: 17137: 17135: 17120: 17116: 17108: 17104: 17103: 17099: 17090: 17089: 17085: 17075: 17073: 17069: 17058: 17054: 17053: 17046: 17036: 17034: 17021: 17020: 17016: 17006: 17004: 17002: 16978: 16974: 16957: 16956: 16952: 16944: 16933: 16929: 16928: 16924: 16912: 16908: 16907: 16903: 16893: 16891: 16882: 16881: 16877: 16864: 16863: 16859: 16843: 16842: 16835: 16833: 16828: 16827: 16823: 16810: 16809: 16805: 16798: 16790:. p. 472. 16786:. Los Angeles: 16778: 16774: 16764: 16762: 16749: 16748: 16744: 16731: 16730: 16723: 16713: 16711: 16706: 16705: 16701: 16654: 16650: 16637: 16636: 16632: 16622: 16620: 16616: 16609: 16605: 16604: 16600: 16590: 16588: 16579: 16578: 16574: 16564: 16562: 16561:on 4 March 2016 16549: 16548: 16544: 16531: 16530: 16526: 16513: 16512: 16508: 16495: 16494: 16490: 16477: 16476: 16472: 16465: 16449: 16445: 16435: 16433: 16432:on 12 June 2023 16422: 16418: 16410: 16403: 16399: 16398: 16394: 16381: 16380: 16376: 16370:Wayback Machine 16361: 16357: 16352: 16348: 16338: 16336: 16321: 16317: 16308: 16307: 16300: 16290: 16288: 16287:. Buddhanet.net 16283: 16282: 16273: 16256: 16255: 16251: 16241: 16239: 16238:on 1 March 2020 16235: 16224: 16220: 16219: 16215: 16205: 16203: 16194: 16193: 16189: 16179: 16177: 16164: 16163: 16159: 16143: 16139: 16138: 16134: 16121: 16120: 16116: 16106: 16104: 16091: 16090: 16086: 16076: 16074: 16061: 16060: 16056: 16046: 16044: 16040: 16033: 16029: 16028: 16024: 16014: 16012: 15989: 15985: 15975: 15973: 15948: 15944: 15934: 15932: 15919: 15918: 15914: 15904: 15902: 15889: 15888: 15884: 15874: 15872: 15859: 15858: 15854: 15844: 15842: 15837:. 8 June 2021. 15833: 15832: 15828: 15818: 15816: 15809:Agrigate Global 15803: 15802: 15798: 15784: 15782: 15775:Agrigate Global 15769: 15768: 15761: 15751: 15749: 15736: 15735: 15731: 15718: 15717: 15713: 15700: 15699: 15695: 15685: 15683: 15674: 15673: 15669: 15659: 15657: 15648: 15647: 15643: 15637:Wayback Machine 15628: 15624: 15614: 15612: 15595: 15588: 15578: 15576: 15567: 15566: 15562: 15552: 15550: 15537: 15536: 15532: 15522: 15520: 15505: 15501: 15491: 15489: 15476: 15475: 15468: 15458: 15456: 15449:economynext.com 15443: 15442: 15438: 15428: 15426: 15413: 15412: 15408: 15395: 15393: 15380: 15379: 15375: 15362: 15360: 15343: 15339: 15326: 15324: 15313: 15309: 15299: 15297: 15288: 15287: 15283: 15273: 15271: 15258: 15257: 15253: 15243: 15241: 15237: 15226: 15222: 15221: 15217: 15207: 15205: 15201: 15194: 15188: 15184: 15174: 15172: 15168: 15161: 15157: 15156: 15152: 15142: 15140: 15131: 15130: 15126: 15116: 15114: 15109: 15108: 15104: 15094: 15092: 15077: 15076: 15072: 15062: 15060: 15047: 15046: 15042: 15032: 15030: 15021: 15020: 15016: 15006: 15004: 15000: 14989: 14985: 14984: 14980: 14970: 14968: 14957:treasury.gov.lk 14951: 14950: 14933: 14923: 14921: 14912: 14911: 14902: 14892: 14890: 14881: 14880: 14876: 14861: 14857: 14849: 14845: 14844: 14840: 14830: 14828: 14824: 14813: 14809: 14808: 14804: 14794: 14792: 14777: 14773: 14763: 14761: 14756:. 22 May 2009. 14748: 14747: 14743: 14726: 14725: 14721: 14708: 14707: 14703: 14693: 14691: 14682: 14681: 14677: 14670: 14649: 14645: 14635: 14633: 14620: 14619: 14615: 14605: 14603: 14588: 14587: 14583: 14573: 14571: 14556: 14555: 14551: 14541: 14539: 14535: 14524: 14520: 14519: 14515: 14505: 14503: 14488: 14484: 14453: 14449: 14432: 14431: 14427: 14408: 14404: 14394: 14392: 14379: 14378: 14374: 14364: 14362: 14349: 14348: 14344: 14334: 14332: 14319: 14318: 14314: 14304: 14302: 14289: 14288: 14284: 14267: 14266: 14262: 14252: 14250: 14249:on 4 March 2016 14246: 14235: 14231: 14230: 14226: 14205: 14201: 14191: 14189: 14174: 14173: 14166: 14156: 14154: 14147: 14127: 14123: 14107: 14106: 14099: 14097: 14090: 14071: 14067: 14062:on 19 May 2011. 14059: 14052: 14048: 14047: 14043: 14033: 14031: 14027: 14016: 14012: 14011: 14007: 13997: 13995: 13987: 13983: 13982: 13978: 13968: 13966: 13962: 13955: 13951: 13950: 13946: 13930: 13929: 13919: 13918: 13914: 13909:on 24 May 2009. 13901: 13900: 13896: 13879: 13878: 13874: 13869:. 12 June 2011. 13861: 13860: 13856: 13851:on 7 July 2009. 13839: 13838: 13831: 13821: 13819: 13810: 13809: 13805: 13795: 13793: 13784: 13783: 13779: 13769: 13767: 13752: 13748: 13738: 13736: 13729:thediplomat.com 13723: 13722: 13718: 13708: 13706: 13697: 13696: 13692: 13682: 13680: 13665: 13661: 13651: 13649: 13636: 13635: 13631: 13621: 13619: 13606: 13605: 13601: 13591: 13589: 13572: 13571: 13567: 13559: 13552: 13548: 13547: 13543: 13533: 13531: 13516: 13515: 13511: 13501: 13499: 13490: 13489: 13480: 13470: 13468: 13461: 13451:Nova Publishers 13433: 13429: 13419: 13417: 13404: 13400: 13390: 13388: 13379: 13378: 13374: 13364: 13362: 13349: 13348: 13341: 13331: 13329: 13320: 13319: 13312: 13302: 13300: 13287: 13286: 13282: 13272: 13270: 13261: 13260: 13256: 13248: 13244: 13234: 13232: 13227: 13226: 13222: 13212: 13210: 13205: 13204: 13200: 13190: 13188: 13179: 13178: 13174: 13164: 13162: 13145: 13144: 13140: 13130: 13128: 13124: 13113: 13109: 13108: 13104: 13087: 13086: 13079: 13062: 13061: 13057: 13048: 13047: 13043: 13026: 13025: 13021: 13011: 13009: 12996: 12995: 12991: 12978: 12977: 12973: 12966: 12948: 12944: 12934: 12932: 12919: 12918: 12914: 12904: 12902: 12898: 12869: 12865: 12855: 12853: 12844: 12843: 12839: 12829: 12827: 12814: 12813: 12809: 12801: 12794: 12790: 12789: 12785: 12730: 12726: 12689: 12685: 12675: 12673: 12669: 12663: 12652: 12644: 12640: 12630: 12628: 12627:on 23 July 2014 12615: 12614: 12610: 12600: 12598: 12594: 12588: 12577: 12569: 12565: 12555: 12553: 12549: 12539:Current Science 12534: 12527: 12523: 12513: 12511: 12498: 12497: 12493: 12487:Wayback Machine 12478: 12474: 12461: 12460: 12456: 12446: 12444: 12431: 12430: 12426: 12416: 12414: 12405: 12404: 12400: 12390: 12388: 12384: 12377: 12373: 12372: 12368: 12358: 12356: 12348:Tissa Vitharana 12341: 12340: 12336: 12326: 12324: 12315: 12314: 12310: 12300: 12298: 12285: 12284: 12280: 12270: 12268: 12255: 12254: 12250: 12242: 12231: 12227: 12226: 12219: 12209: 12207: 12194: 12193: 12189: 12182: 12166: 12162: 12152: 12150: 12137:"Adam's Bridge" 12135: 12134: 12130: 12120: 12118: 12105: 12104: 12100: 12093: 12079: 12075: 12065: 12063: 12054: 12053: 12049: 12039: 12037: 12028: 12027: 12023: 12013: 12011: 12007: 11996: 11990: 11986: 11976: 11974: 11967: 11951: 11947: 11934: 11933: 11929: 11919: 11917: 11904: 11903: 11899: 11889: 11887: 11874: 11873: 11869: 11859: 11857: 11852:. 9 July 2022. 11844: 11843: 11839: 11829: 11827: 11814: 11813: 11809: 11799: 11797: 11792:. 9 July 2022. 11784: 11783: 11779: 11769: 11767: 11754: 11753: 11749: 11739: 11737: 11732:. 19 May 2022. 11724: 11723: 11719: 11709: 11707: 11694: 11693: 11689: 11673: 11672: 11665: 11663: 11650: 11649: 11645: 11635: 11633: 11620: 11619: 11615: 11605: 11603: 11590: 11589: 11585: 11575: 11573: 11560: 11559: 11555: 11545: 11543: 11530: 11529: 11525: 11515: 11513: 11501: 11500: 11496: 11486: 11484: 11475: 11474: 11470: 11460: 11458: 11441: 11437: 11427: 11425: 11420:. 20 May 2009. 11410: 11409: 11405: 11395: 11393: 11378: 11374: 11364: 11362: 11357:. 24 May 2009. 11347: 11346: 11342: 11332: 11330: 11325:. 24 May 2009. 11315: 11314: 11310: 11300: 11298: 11281: 11277: 11267: 11265: 11250: 11246: 11236: 11234: 11225: 11224: 11220: 11210: 11208: 11195: 11194: 11190: 11180: 11178: 11177:on 5 March 2016 11169: 11168: 11164: 11148: 11147: 11140: 11138: 11129: 11128: 11121: 11111: 11109: 11102: 11079: 11075: 11044: 11040: 11030: 11028: 11015: 11014: 11010: 10993: 10992: 10988: 10978: 10976: 10963: 10962: 10958: 10948: 10946: 10933: 10932: 10928: 10918: 10916: 10903: 10902: 10898: 10888: 10886: 10873: 10872: 10865: 10849: 10848: 10841: 10839: 10832: 10828: 10818: 10816: 10812: 10805: 10799:Rohan Gunaratna 10796: 10792: 10782: 10780: 10773: 10765:. p. 139. 10753: 10749: 10739: 10737: 10723: 10719: 10696: 10692: 10684: 10677: 10671: 10667: 10659: 10655: 10639: 10638: 10631: 10629: 10620: 10619: 10615: 10605: 10603: 10594: 10593: 10589: 10579: 10577: 10570: 10554: 10550: 10540: 10538: 10525: 10524: 10515: 10505: 10503: 10501: 10485: 10481: 10471: 10469: 10462: 10446: 10442: 10434: 10430: 10420: 10418: 10403: 10399: 10391: 10387: 10377: 10375: 10360: 10359: 10355: 10345: 10343: 10328: 10327: 10323: 10315: 10311: 10301: 10299: 10282: 10281: 10274: 10266: 10262: 10254: 10250: 10242: 10238: 10228: 10226: 10225:on 4 March 2016 10213: 10212: 10208: 10198: 10196: 10189: 10173: 10169: 10161: 10157: 10147: 10145: 10138: 10122: 10118: 10108: 10106: 10093: 10092: 10088: 10080: 10073: 10066: 10050: 10043: 10033: 10031: 10018: 10017: 10013: 10008:Wayback Machine 9998: 9994: 9984: 9982: 9969: 9968: 9959: 9949: 9947: 9934: 9933: 9929: 9924:Wayback Machine 9914: 9910: 9900: 9898: 9891: 9871: 9867: 9857: 9855: 9842: 9841: 9832: 9822: 9820: 9813: 9791: 9787: 9780: 9764: 9760: 9744: 9740: 9730: 9728: 9715: 9714: 9710: 9700: 9698: 9689: 9688: 9684: 9674: 9672: 9663: 9662: 9658: 9648: 9646: 9645:on 20 June 2015 9637: 9636: 9632: 9622: 9620: 9611: 9610: 9606: 9596: 9594: 9585: 9584: 9580: 9570: 9568: 9555: 9554: 9550: 9540: 9538: 9537:on 23 June 2015 9529: 9528: 9524: 9518:Wayback Machine 9509: 9505: 9494: 9490: 9485: 9481: 9476:Wayback Machine 9466: 9462: 9452: 9450: 9443: 9435:. p. 304. 9423: 9419: 9409: 9407: 9400: 9380: 9376: 9367: 9360: 9351: 9344: 9331: 9329: 9322: 9298: 9294: 9277: 9276: 9272: 9267:on 5 June 2011. 9259: 9258: 9254: 9244: 9242: 9235: 9219: 9212: 9199: 9197: 9178: 9174: 9161: 9159: 9140: 9139: 9135: 9122: 9120: 9113: 9097: 9093: 9083: 9081: 9068: 9067: 9063: 9040:10.2307/1522637 9024: 9020: 9010: 9008: 8993: 8989: 8984:Wayback Machine 8974: 8970: 8960: 8958: 8951: 8935: 8931: 8924: 8908: 8904: 8897: 8881: 8877: 8867: 8865: 8852: 8851: 8847: 8839: 8835: 8825: 8823: 8821: 8805: 8801: 8791: 8789: 8788:on 15 July 2012 8774: 8770: 8762: 8758: 8748: 8746: 8733: 8732: 8728: 8718: 8716: 8711:. 28 May 2008. 8701: 8700: 8693: 8686: 8670: 8666: 8656: 8654: 8639: 8635: 8625: 8623: 8610: 8609: 8605: 8595: 8593: 8580: 8579: 8575: 8565: 8563: 8550: 8549: 8545: 8535: 8533: 8518: 8517: 8513: 8503: 8501: 8488: 8487: 8483: 8476: 8456: 8452: 8445: 8429: 8425: 8415: 8413: 8398: 8394: 8389: 8385: 8374: 8370: 8359: 8352: 8342: 8340: 8324: 8323: 8319: 8309: 8307: 8292: 8288: 8281: 8273:. p. 454. 8257: 8253: 8245: 8241: 8225: 8224: 8216: 8212: 8202: 8200: 8185: 8184: 8180: 8170: 8168: 8153: 8149: 8139: 8137: 8122: 8118: 8108: 8106: 8093: 8092: 8088: 8078: 8076: 8072: 8065: 8061: 8060: 8056: 8041: 8037: 8021: 8020: 8013: 8011: 7998: 7994: 7984: 7982: 7973: 7972: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7949:"Hobson-Jobson" 7947: 7946: 7942: 7932: 7930: 7919: 7915: 7908: 7890: 7886: 7879: 7863: 7859: 7849: 7847: 7840: 7824: 7820: 7813: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7770: 7766: 7756: 7754: 7737: 7733: 7724:Wayback Machine 7715: 7711: 7701: 7699: 7686: 7685: 7681: 7676:Wayback Machine 7662: 7658: 7651: 7633: 7629: 7619: 7617: 7608: 7607: 7603: 7593: 7577: 7573: 7566: 7548: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7517: 7516: 7512: 7502: 7500: 7496: 7485: 7481: 7480: 7476: 7466: 7464: 7455: 7454: 7450: 7440: 7438: 7421: 7420: 7409: 7399: 7397: 7393: 7382: 7378: 7377: 7373: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7345: 7344: 7340: 7327: 7323: 7313: 7311: 7307: 7294: 7290: 7289: 7285: 7275: 7273: 7264: 7263: 7259: 7249: 7247: 7234: 7233: 7229: 7219: 7217: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7189: 7187: 7172: 7171: 7167: 7157: 7155: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7119: 7110: 7106: 7094: 7068: 7042: 7041: 7017: 7008: 7007: 6991: 6970: 6959: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6944: 6935: 6931: 6926: 6903: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6822:and hosted the 6652: 6646: 6620:Flood of Nectar 6604:Kavya-Sekharaya 6588:Girā Sandeshaya 6539:Subha saha Yasa 6422:W. D. Amaradeva 6414:Mahagama Sekara 6337:Line of Destiny 6315:black-and-white 6299:), produced by 6264: 6244:Main articles: 6242: 6226:Maha Shivaratri 6138: 6130:Main articles: 6128: 6102:at a temple in 6090: 6050:has documented 6041:homosexual acts 5966: 5958:Main articles: 5956: 5888: 5882: 5861:life expectancy 5857: 5843: 5785:Roman Catholics 5772:who follow the 5692: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5685: 5683: 5675: 5673: 5665: 5663: 5655: 5653: 5645: 5637: 5631: 5593: 5587: 5582: 5236: 5230: 5226: 5180: 5179: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5160: 5112: 5106: 5086: 5050:railway network 5034:consists of 35 5031: 5025: 5014:economic crisis 4996:Sri Lanka ranks 4992:frontier market 4854: 4836: 4830: 4745: 4731:. As a result, 4606: 4600: 4594: 4558:Grama Niladhari 4546: 4254: 4246: 4228: 4227: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4199: 4192: 4185: 4178: 4171: 4164: 4159: 4155: 4150: 4147: 4143: 4140: 4136: 4131: 4128: 4124: 4121: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4068: 4052: 4036: 4030: 3950:Communist Party 3830: 3784:Ceylon ironwood 3774:Blue water lily 3733:Sri Lanka Matha 3694: 3689: 3681:Main articles: 3679: 3654:Roman-Dutch law 3580:chief executive 3554:socialist state 3521:Sri Lanka is a 3495: 3489: 3486: 3479:needs expansion 3464: 3456:Main articles: 3454: 3254: 3244: 3236:Main articles: 3234: 3232:Flora and fauna 3204:The climate is 3194: 3188: 3178:. Existence of 3060:Hindu mythology 3058:. According to 2996: 2990: 2958:street protests 2837:and a powerful 2814:in 1975 by the 2773: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2765: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2747: 2746: 2744:Queen of Ceylon 2742: 2737: 2728: 2727: 2726:Leaders in 1960 2644:dominion status 2621: 2611: 2605: 2407:Napoleonic Wars 2277:Petrus Plancius 2249: 2235: 2229: 2175:(Indonesia) to 2147:, and finally, 2017: 2009:Main articles: 2007: 1925:oral literature 1874:Malay Peninsula 1872:) and from the 1850:Sinhala Kingdom 1590: 1582:Main articles: 1580: 1578:Ancient history 1459: 1453: 1448: 1442: 1428: 1384:. As a British 1323:("realm of the 1282:Hindu mythology 1256: 1250: 1196:Sri Lanka is a 1053:maritime border 1010: 1009: 1008: 1003:to display the 997: 993: 984: 979: 978: 969: 897: 866: 865: 864: 853: 841: 840: 839: 833: 812: 793: 781: 760: 741: 725: 709: 699: 680: 663: 649: 628: 623: 613: 603:4 February 1948 600: 587: 574: 561: 548: 538:377 BCE–1017 CE 535: 522: 481: 466: 451: 436: 396: 391: 386: 381: 370: 367: 359: 306: 286: 255: 245: 243: 239: 236: 231: 228: 226: 224: 223: 222: 192: 178: 175: 169: 167: 165: 162:Sri Lanka Matha 152: 151: 150: 145: 137: 136: 131: 118: 117: 72: 57: 46: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 23998: 23988: 23987: 23982: 23977: 23972: 23967: 23962: 23957: 23952: 23947: 23942: 23937: 23932: 23927: 23922: 23873: 23872: 23867: 23866: 23864: 23863: 23858: 23853: 23848: 23843: 23838: 23833: 23828: 23823: 23818: 23813: 23808: 23803: 23798: 23793: 23788: 23783: 23777: 23775: 23771: 23770: 23768: 23767: 23762: 23757: 23752: 23747: 23742: 23737: 23732: 23727: 23722: 23717: 23712: 23707: 23702: 23697: 23691: 23689: 23685: 23684: 23677: 23676: 23669: 23662: 23654: 23645: 23644: 23642: 23641: 23640: 23639: 23634: 23624: 23619: 23614: 23609: 23603: 23601: 23597: 23596: 23594: 23593: 23580: 23567: 23554: 23541: 23528: 23514: 23512: 23508: 23507: 23505: 23504: 23502:United Nations 23499: 23486: 23481: 23475: 23473: 23469: 23468: 23466: 23465: 23452: 23439: 23426: 23413: 23400: 23387: 23374: 23361: 23348: 23335: 23322: 23309: 23296: 23282: 23280: 23276: 23275: 23273: 23272: 23258: 23256: 23252: 23251: 23249: 23248: 23235: 23222: 23209: 23196: 23183: 23170: 23157: 23144: 23131: 23117: 23115: 23109: 23108: 23106: 23105: 23100: 23098:Samarkand 2022 23095: 23090: 23085: 23079: 23077: 23073: 23072: 23065: 23064: 23057: 23050: 23042: 23033: 23032: 23026: 23023: 23022: 23019: 23018: 23016: 23015: 23010: 23005: 23000: 22995: 22990: 22985: 22980: 22975: 22970: 22965: 22963:Cayman Islands 22960: 22955: 22950: 22943: 22938: 22933: 22927: 22925: 22923:United Kingdom 22919: 22918: 22916: 22915: 22910: 22902: 22900: 22894: 22893: 22891: 22890: 22888:Norfolk Island 22885: 22880: 22875: 22870: 22865: 22858: 22852: 22850: 22841: 22835: 22834: 22832: 22831: 22826: 22820: 22818: 22812: 22811: 22809: 22808: 22803: 22798: 22796:United Kingdom 22793: 22788: 22783: 22778: 22773: 22768: 22763: 22758: 22753: 22748: 22743: 22738: 22733: 22728: 22723: 22718: 22713: 22708: 22703: 22698: 22693: 22688: 22683: 22678: 22673: 22668: 22663: 22658: 22653: 22648: 22643: 22638: 22633: 22628: 22623: 22618: 22613: 22608: 22603: 22598: 22593: 22588: 22583: 22578: 22573: 22568: 22563: 22558: 22553: 22548: 22543: 22538: 22533: 22527: 22525: 22517: 22516: 22505: 22504: 22497: 22490: 22482: 22473: 22472: 22470: 22469: 22467:SAARC Fountain 22464: 22459: 22454: 22449: 22444: 22439: 22434: 22428: 22426: 22422: 22421: 22419: 22418: 22413: 22408: 22403: 22398: 22393: 22388: 22382: 22380: 22376: 22375: 22373: 22372: 22367: 22361: 22359: 22355: 22354: 22352: 22351: 22346: 22341: 22336: 22331: 22326: 22321: 22319:European Union 22316: 22311: 22305: 22303: 22299: 22298: 22296: 22295: 22290: 22285: 22280: 22275: 22270: 22265: 22260: 22254: 22252: 22248: 22247: 22245: 22244: 22239:Islamabad 2016 22236: 22234:Kathmandu 2014 22231: 22226: 22221: 22216: 22214:New Delhi 2007 22211: 22206: 22204:Islamabad 2004 22201: 22199:Kathmandu 2002 22196: 22191: 22186: 22184:New Delhi 1995 22181: 22176: 22171: 22166: 22164:Islamabad 1988 22161: 22159:Kathmandu 1987 22156: 22154:Bangalore 1986 22151: 22145: 22143: 22139: 22138: 22133: 22131: 22127: 22126: 22118: 22117: 22110: 22103: 22095: 22086: 22085: 22083: 22082: 22077: 22076: 22075: 22070: 22065: 22052: 22050: 22046: 22045: 22043: 22042: 22037: 22032: 22027: 22022: 22017: 22012: 22007: 22002: 21997: 21992: 21987: 21982: 21977: 21972: 21967: 21962: 21957: 21952: 21947: 21942: 21932: 21922: 21919:United Kingdom 21912: 21907: 21901: 21899: 21895: 21894: 21887: 21885: 21883: 21882: 21877: 21872: 21867: 21860: 21855: 21850: 21845: 21840: 21835: 21830: 21829: 21828: 21821: 21809: 21804: 21799: 21794: 21788: 21786: 21782: 21781: 21773: 21772: 21765: 21758: 21750: 21741: 21740: 21738: 21737: 21732: 21727: 21722: 21717: 21711: 21709: 21703: 21702: 21700: 21699: 21694: 21689: 21683: 21681: 21677: 21676: 21674: 21673: 21668: 21662: 21660: 21654: 21653: 21651: 21650: 21649: 21648: 21638: 21633: 21628: 21623: 21617: 21615: 21609: 21608: 21606: 21605: 21604: 21603: 21598: 21593: 21583: 21578: 21577: 21576: 21571: 21566: 21561: 21550: 21548: 21542: 21541: 21539: 21538: 21533: 21528: 21523: 21518: 21513: 21508: 21503: 21498: 21497: 21496: 21485: 21483: 21477: 21476: 21474: 21473: 21468: 21463: 21462: 21461: 21456: 21451: 21441: 21435: 21433: 21423: 21422: 21420: 21419: 21417:Climate change 21414: 21408: 21406: 21400: 21399: 21397: 21396: 21391: 21386: 21381: 21376: 21371: 21366: 21361: 21356: 21351: 21346: 21341: 21336: 21330: 21328: 21322: 21321: 21319: 21318: 21313: 21312: 21311: 21306: 21301: 21296: 21288: 21283: 21278: 21273: 21268: 21263: 21258: 21253: 21248: 21242: 21240: 21234: 21233: 21226: 21224: 21222: 21221: 21216: 21215: 21214: 21209: 21204: 21199: 21189: 21184: 21183: 21182: 21172: 21167: 21162: 21161: 21160: 21155: 21150: 21145: 21144: 21143: 21128: 21123: 21118: 21112: 21110: 21104: 21103: 21096: 21095: 21088: 21081: 21073: 21064: 21063: 21061: 21060: 21048: 21034: 21033: 21030: 21026: 21025: 21022: 21021: 21019: 21018: 21013: 21007: 21005: 20998: 20995: 20994: 20991: 20990: 20988: 20987: 20977: 20970: 20968: 20967:United Kingdom 20964: 20963: 20961: 20960: 20954: 20952: 20948: 20947: 20945: 20944: 20939: 20933: 20931: 20924: 20917: 20914: 20913: 20911: 20910: 20905: 20900: 20895: 20890: 20884: 20882: 20875: 20872: 20871: 20864: 20862: 20860: 20859: 20854: 20849: 20844: 20839: 20834: 20829: 20824: 20819: 20814: 20809: 20804: 20799: 20794: 20789: 20784: 20779: 20774: 20769: 20764: 20759: 20754: 20749: 20744: 20739: 20734: 20729: 20724: 20719: 20714: 20709: 20704: 20699: 20694: 20689: 20684: 20679: 20674: 20669: 20664: 20659: 20654: 20649: 20644: 20639: 20634: 20629: 20624: 20619: 20613: 20611: 20605: 20604: 20593: 20592: 20585: 20578: 20570: 20561: 20560: 20558: 20557: 20552: 20547: 20542: 20537: 20532: 20527: 20522: 20517: 20512: 20507: 20505:United Nations 20501: 20499: 20495: 20494: 20492: 20491: 20485: 20483: 20479: 20478: 20476: 20475: 20470: 20465: 20459: 20457: 20453: 20452: 20444: 20443: 20436: 20429: 20421: 20415: 20412: 20411: 20399: 20398: 20396: 20395: 20385: 20374: 20371: 20370: 20367: 20366: 20364: 20363: 20358: 20353: 20348: 20343: 20338: 20333: 20328: 20323: 20318: 20313: 20307: 20305: 20301: 20300: 20298: 20297: 20292: 20287: 20286: 20285: 20280: 20275: 20265: 20260: 20255: 20250: 20245: 20240: 20235: 20230: 20225: 20220: 20215: 20210: 20205: 20199: 20197: 20191: 20190: 20188: 20187: 20182: 20177: 20172: 20167: 20166: 20165: 20155: 20154: 20153: 20148: 20138: 20133: 20128: 20127: 20126: 20121: 20111: 20105: 20103: 20096: 20090: 20089: 20087: 20086: 20085: 20084: 20079: 20074: 20069: 20064: 20059: 20054: 20049: 20044: 20039: 20034: 20029: 20024: 20015: 20014: 20009: 20004: 19999: 19994: 19989: 19987:Stock Exchange 19984: 19979: 19974: 19969: 19964: 19959: 19954: 19952:Communications 19949: 19948: 19947: 19937: 19931: 19929: 19923: 19922: 19920: 19919: 19914: 19909: 19908: 19907: 19902: 19897: 19892: 19887: 19877: 19872: 19870:National parks 19867: 19866: 19865: 19860: 19855: 19850: 19848:Pidurutalagala 19840: 19835: 19833:Extreme points 19830: 19825: 19819: 19818: 19817: 19816: 19811: 19806: 19801: 19796: 19791: 19780: 19778: 19772: 19771: 19769: 19768: 19763: 19762: 19761: 19756: 19746: 19741: 19736: 19731: 19725: 19723: 19717: 19716: 19713: 19712: 19710: 19709: 19704: 19703: 19702: 19697: 19695:Urban councils 19692: 19682: 19676: 19674: 19668: 19667: 19665: 19664: 19659: 19658: 19657: 19652: 19647: 19639: 19638: 19637: 19632: 19627: 19622: 19611: 19609: 19603: 19602: 19600: 19599: 19598: 19597: 19587: 19586: 19585: 19580: 19575: 19570: 19565: 19560: 19555: 19550: 19545: 19544: 19543: 19536:Prime Minister 19525: 19523: 19519: 19518: 19516: 19515: 19510: 19508:Primary Courts 19505: 19500: 19495: 19490: 19485: 19477: 19475: 19469: 19468: 19466: 19465: 19460: 19455: 19450: 19441: 19440: 19439: 19426: 19424: 19420: 19419: 19417: 19416: 19411: 19405: 19403: 19394: 19388: 19387: 19384: 19383: 19381: 19380: 19375: 19370: 19365: 19360: 19355: 19350: 19344: 19342: 19338: 19337: 19335: 19334: 19329: 19324: 19319: 19314: 19309: 19304: 19302:British Ceylon 19299: 19294: 19289: 19284: 19279: 19274: 19269: 19264: 19259: 19254: 19249: 19244: 19239: 19234: 19229: 19223: 19221: 19217: 19216: 19214: 19213: 19208: 19203: 19201:Kandyan period 19198: 19193: 19188: 19183: 19178: 19172: 19170: 19163: 19157: 19156: 19154: 19153: 19152: 19151: 19141: 19136: 19131: 19126: 19120: 19118: 19114: 19113: 19105: 19104: 19097: 19090: 19082: 19076: 19075: 19068: 19065: 19064: 19063: 19054: 19044: 19029: 19017: 19014: 19013: 19012: 19002: 18994: 18991: 18990: 18989: 18979: 18969: 18959: 18949: 18923: 18913: 18907: 18901: 18883: 18880: 18879: 18878: 18868: 18858: 18837: 18820: 18815: 18805: 18797: 18794: 18792: 18791:External links 18789: 18787: 18786: 18780: 18761: 18742:usamyanmar.net 18730: 18723: 18717: 18698: 18688: 18675: 18660: 18646: 18630: 18628: 18625: 18623: 18620: 18617: 18616: 18595: 18574: 18553: 18532: 18515:"SAFF Website" 18506: 18488: 18466: 18452: 18447:The Daily News 18434: 18408: 18383: 18353: 18323: 18304: 18285: 18271: 18251: 18230: 18209: 18190: 18175: 18161: 18140: 18108: 18082: 18056: 18032: 18027:The Daily News 18013: 18008:The Daily News 17995: 17965: 17932: 17906: 17880: 17862: 17855: 17826: 17806: 17799: 17793:. p. 50. 17775: 17768: 17748: 17741: 17713: 17681: 17674: 17646: 17639: 17619: 17604: 17597: 17577: 17570: 17550: 17538: 17526: 17512: 17490: 17478: 17452: 17426: 17400: 17371: 17354: 17328: 17302: 17297:United Nations 17281: 17259: 17232: 17202: 17171: 17145: 17114: 17097: 17083: 17044: 17014: 17000: 16972: 16950: 16922: 16901: 16875: 16857: 16821: 16816:The Daily News 16803: 16796: 16772: 16742: 16737:The Daily News 16721: 16699: 16648: 16630: 16598: 16572: 16542: 16524: 16506: 16488: 16470: 16463: 16443: 16416: 16392: 16374: 16355: 16346: 16315: 16298: 16271: 16249: 16213: 16187: 16157: 16132: 16114: 16084: 16054: 16022: 15983: 15942: 15912: 15882: 15852: 15826: 15796: 15759: 15729: 15711: 15693: 15667: 15641: 15622: 15586: 15560: 15530: 15499: 15466: 15436: 15406: 15373: 15337: 15307: 15281: 15251: 15215: 15182: 15150: 15124: 15102: 15070: 15040: 15014: 14978: 14931: 14900: 14874: 14855: 14838: 14818:United Nations 14802: 14771: 14741: 14719: 14701: 14675: 14668: 14643: 14613: 14581: 14549: 14513: 14482: 14447: 14425: 14416:Albany Tribune 14402: 14372: 14342: 14325:The Daily News 14312: 14295:The Daily News 14282: 14260: 14224: 14199: 14164: 14145: 14121: 14088: 14065: 14041: 14005: 13976: 13944: 13912: 13894: 13872: 13854: 13829: 13803: 13777: 13746: 13716: 13701:. Al Jazeera. 13690: 13659: 13629: 13599: 13565: 13541: 13509: 13478: 13459: 13453:. p. 80. 13427: 13398: 13372: 13339: 13328:on 18 May 2014 13310: 13280: 13254: 13242: 13220: 13209:. My Sri Lanka 13198: 13172: 13138: 13102: 13077: 13055: 13041: 13019: 12989: 12971: 12964: 12942: 12931:on 31 May 2014 12912: 12863: 12852:on 16 May 2014 12837: 12807: 12783: 12744:(6): 534–545. 12724: 12683: 12661: 12638: 12608: 12586: 12563: 12521: 12491: 12472: 12454: 12437:mysrilanka.com 12424: 12398: 12366: 12334: 12308: 12278: 12248: 12217: 12187: 12180: 12160: 12128: 12098: 12091: 12073: 12047: 12021: 11984: 11965: 11945: 11927: 11897: 11867: 11837: 11807: 11777: 11747: 11717: 11687: 11643: 11613: 11583: 11553: 11523: 11494: 11468: 11435: 11403: 11372: 11340: 11308: 11275: 11244: 11218: 11188: 11162: 11119: 11100: 11073: 11054:(2): 285–304. 11038: 11008: 10986: 10956: 10926: 10896: 10863: 10826: 10790: 10771: 10747: 10726:Taraki Sivaram 10717: 10690: 10665: 10653: 10613: 10587: 10568: 10548: 10513: 10499: 10479: 10460: 10440: 10428: 10397: 10385: 10353: 10321: 10309: 10272: 10260: 10248: 10236: 10206: 10187: 10167: 10155: 10136: 10116: 10086: 10071: 10064: 10041: 10011: 9992: 9957: 9927: 9908: 9889: 9865: 9830: 9811: 9785: 9778: 9758: 9738: 9708: 9682: 9656: 9630: 9604: 9587:"Ming Voyages" 9578: 9548: 9522: 9503: 9488: 9479: 9460: 9441: 9417: 9398: 9374: 9358: 9342: 9320: 9292: 9270: 9252: 9233: 9210: 9172: 9133: 9111: 9091: 9061: 9018: 8995:Lambert, Tim. 8987: 8968: 8949: 8929: 8922: 8902: 8895: 8875: 8845: 8843:, p. 200. 8833: 8819: 8799: 8768: 8756: 8726: 8691: 8684: 8664: 8633: 8603: 8573: 8543: 8511: 8481: 8474: 8461:Ancient Ceylon 8450: 8443: 8423: 8392: 8383: 8368: 8350: 8317: 8286: 8279: 8251: 8249:, pp. 6–7 8239: 8210: 8178: 8147: 8116: 8105:on 31 May 2014 8086: 8054: 8035: 7992: 7966: 7940: 7913: 7906: 7900:. p. 51. 7884: 7877: 7857: 7838: 7818: 7811: 7791: 7784: 7764: 7731: 7709: 7679: 7656: 7649: 7627: 7601: 7591: 7571: 7564: 7542: 7510: 7474: 7459:. World Bank. 7448: 7407: 7371: 7338: 7321: 7283: 7257: 7227: 7197: 7165: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7118: 7117: 7104: 6942: 6938:Srī Laṅkā Tāyē 6928: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6915: 6909: 6908: 6892: 6889: 6859:Muhammad Lafir 6670:national sport 6648:Main article: 6645: 6642: 6584:Sandesha Kāvya 6572:Wilhelm Geiger 6480:Pantheru dance 6472:Naiyandi dance 6460:Kandyan dances 6362:Golu Hadawatha 6241: 6238: 6209:Esala Perahera 6162:string hoppers 6127: 6124: 6089: 6086: 5955: 5952: 5920:free education 5900:nanotechnology 5884:Main article: 5881: 5878: 5853:Main article: 5842: 5839: 5823:Lunar calendar 5774:Shafi'i school 5707:Mahinda Maurya 5684: 5674: 5664: 5654: 5644: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5633:Main article: 5630: 5627: 5589:Main article: 5586: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5545: 5544: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5494: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5477: 5476: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5426: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5375: 5374: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5324: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5307: 5306: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5273: 5272: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5240: 5218: 5217: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5201: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5161: 5159: 5158:Largest cities 5156: 5108:Main article: 5105: 5102: 5085: 5082: 5027:Main article: 5024: 5021: 4958:budget deficit 4832:Main article: 4829: 4826: 4800:United Nations 4757:Sri Lanka Navy 4753:Sri Lanka Army 4744: 4741: 4638:United Nations 4596:Main article: 4593: 4590: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4382: 4377: 4371: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4361: 4358: 4355: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4251: 4248: 4243: 4240: 4221: 4214: 4207: 4200: 4193: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4165: 4156: 4151: 4144: 4137: 4132: 4125: 4118: 4111: 4106: 4095: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4051: 4048: 4032:Main article: 4029: 4026: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3821: 3814: 3806: 3803: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3792: 3788: 3787: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3729: 3725: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3714: 3709: 3705: 3704: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3673: 3630: 3629: 3622:prime minister 3599: 3497: 3496: 3476: 3474: 3453: 3450: 3416:Minneriya Tank 3367:subspecies of 3270:Asian elephant 3233: 3230: 3190:Main article: 3187: 3184: 3138:. Sri Lanka's 3111:nautical miles 3109:extending 200 3099:Mahaweli River 3077:Pidurutalagala 3052:Gulf of Mannar 3020:tectonic plate 3014:, lies on the 2992:Main article: 2989: 2986: 2937:Sri Lanka Army 2768: 2767: 2762:Prime Minister 2756: 2749: 2748: 2738: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2688:, recognising 2607:Main article: 2604: 2601: 2419:British Ceylon 2417:the colony of 2411:British Empire 2339:Burgher people 2312:Jaffna kingdom 2233:Kandyan period 2231:Main article: 2228: 2225: 2122:Prince Sapumal 2114:Jaffna kingdom 2006: 2003: 1917:Buddhist monks 1803:Gautama Buddha 1772:Southeast Asia 1678:Pandya Kingdom 1579: 1576: 1455:Main article: 1452: 1449: 1444:Main article: 1441: 1438: 1252:Main article: 1249: 1246: 1238:United Nations 1171:British Ceylon 1167:British Empire 1109:, date to the 1051:. It shares a 1045:Gulf of Mannar 1025:island country 998: 991: 990: 989: 986: 985: 974: 971: 970: 968: 967: 962: 957: 951: 949: 943: 942: 937: 931: 930: 925: 919: 918: 915: 909: 908: 895: 891: 890: 880: 876: 875: 856: 846: 845: 836: 826: 825: 813: 810: 807: 806: 794: 791: 788: 787: 784: 774: 773: 768:$ 14,234 ( 761: 758: 755: 754: 742: 739: 736: 735: 732: 718: 717: 710: 708:• Density 707: 704: 703: 700: 697: 694: 693: 681: 678: 675: 674: 668: 667: 664: 661: 658: 657: 650: 647: 644: 643: 637: 636: 633: 632: 629: 621: 618: 617: 614: 608: 605: 604: 601: 595: 592: 591: 588: 582: 579: 578: 575: 572:Kandyan period 569: 566: 565: 562: 556: 553: 552: 549: 543: 540: 539: 536: 530: 527: 526: 523: 516: 513: 512: 509: 508: 502: 501: 496: 492: 491: 488: 487: 482: 476: 473: 472: 467: 461: 458: 457: 452: 449:Prime Minister 446: 443: 442: 437: 431: 428: 427: 424: 423: 417: 411: 410: 405: 399: 398: 368: 365: 361: 360: 358: 357: 334: 328: 322: 316: 309: 307: 304: 298: 297: 292: 288: 287: 285: 284: 279: 273: 271: 267: 266: 261: 257: 256: 254: 253: 216: 209: 207: 203: 202: 194: 193: 176: 154: 153: 146: 139: 138: 132: 125: 124: 123: 120: 119: 116: 115: 112: 111: 104: 97: 96: 89: 79: 64: 48: 47: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23997: 23986: 23983: 23981: 23978: 23976: 23973: 23971: 23968: 23966: 23963: 23961: 23958: 23956: 23953: 23951: 23948: 23946: 23943: 23941: 23938: 23936: 23933: 23931: 23928: 23926: 23923: 23921: 23918: 23917: 23915: 23908: 23905: 23862: 23859: 23857: 23854: 23852: 23849: 23847: 23844: 23842: 23839: 23837: 23834: 23832: 23829: 23827: 23824: 23822: 23819: 23817: 23814: 23812: 23809: 23807: 23804: 23802: 23799: 23797: 23794: 23792: 23789: 23787: 23784: 23782: 23779: 23778: 23776: 23772: 23766: 23763: 23761: 23758: 23756: 23753: 23751: 23748: 23746: 23743: 23741: 23738: 23736: 23733: 23731: 23728: 23726: 23723: 23721: 23718: 23716: 23713: 23711: 23708: 23706: 23703: 23701: 23698: 23696: 23693: 23692: 23690: 23686: 23682: 23675: 23670: 23668: 23663: 23661: 23656: 23655: 23652: 23638: 23635: 23633: 23630: 23629: 23628: 23625: 23623: 23620: 23618: 23615: 23613: 23610: 23608: 23607:Member states 23605: 23604: 23602: 23598: 23592: 23581: 23579: 23568: 23566: 23555: 23553: 23542: 23540: 23529: 23527: 23516: 23515: 23513: 23509: 23503: 23500: 23498: 23487: 23485: 23482: 23480: 23477: 23476: 23474: 23470: 23464: 23453: 23451: 23440: 23438: 23427: 23425: 23414: 23412: 23401: 23399: 23388: 23386: 23375: 23373: 23362: 23360: 23349: 23347: 23336: 23334: 23323: 23321: 23310: 23308: 23297: 23295: 23284: 23283: 23281: 23277: 23271: 23260: 23259: 23257: 23253: 23247: 23236: 23234: 23223: 23221: 23210: 23208: 23197: 23195: 23184: 23182: 23171: 23169: 23158: 23156: 23145: 23143: 23132: 23130: 23119: 23118: 23116: 23114: 23113:Member states 23110: 23104: 23101: 23099: 23096: 23094: 23091: 23089: 23088:Dushanbe 2014 23086: 23084: 23081: 23080: 23078: 23074: 23070: 23063: 23058: 23056: 23051: 23049: 23044: 23043: 23040: 23030: 23024: 23014: 23011: 23009: 23006: 23004: 23001: 22999: 22996: 22994: 22991: 22989: 22986: 22984: 22981: 22979: 22976: 22974: 22971: 22969: 22966: 22964: 22961: 22959: 22956: 22954: 22951: 22949: 22948: 22944: 22942: 22939: 22937: 22934: 22932: 22929: 22928: 22926: 22924: 22920: 22914: 22911: 22909: 22908: 22904: 22903: 22901: 22899: 22895: 22889: 22886: 22884: 22881: 22879: 22876: 22874: 22871: 22869: 22866: 22864: 22863: 22859: 22857: 22854: 22853: 22851: 22849: 22845: 22842: 22840: 22836: 22830: 22827: 22825: 22822: 22821: 22819: 22817: 22813: 22807: 22804: 22802: 22799: 22797: 22794: 22792: 22789: 22787: 22784: 22782: 22779: 22777: 22774: 22772: 22769: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22759: 22757: 22754: 22752: 22749: 22747: 22744: 22742: 22739: 22737: 22734: 22732: 22729: 22727: 22724: 22722: 22719: 22717: 22714: 22712: 22709: 22707: 22704: 22702: 22699: 22697: 22694: 22692: 22689: 22687: 22684: 22682: 22679: 22677: 22674: 22672: 22669: 22667: 22664: 22662: 22659: 22657: 22654: 22652: 22649: 22647: 22644: 22642: 22639: 22637: 22634: 22632: 22629: 22627: 22624: 22622: 22619: 22617: 22614: 22612: 22609: 22607: 22604: 22602: 22599: 22597: 22594: 22592: 22589: 22587: 22584: 22582: 22579: 22577: 22574: 22572: 22569: 22567: 22564: 22562: 22559: 22557: 22554: 22552: 22549: 22547: 22544: 22542: 22539: 22537: 22534: 22532: 22529: 22528: 22526: 22522: 22518: 22514: 22510: 22503: 22498: 22496: 22491: 22489: 22484: 22483: 22480: 22468: 22465: 22463: 22460: 22458: 22455: 22453: 22450: 22448: 22445: 22443: 22440: 22438: 22435: 22433: 22430: 22429: 22427: 22423: 22417: 22414: 22412: 22409: 22407: 22404: 22402: 22399: 22397: 22394: 22392: 22389: 22387: 22384: 22383: 22381: 22377: 22371: 22368: 22366: 22363: 22362: 22360: 22356: 22350: 22349:United States 22347: 22345: 22342: 22340: 22337: 22335: 22332: 22330: 22327: 22325: 22322: 22320: 22317: 22315: 22312: 22310: 22307: 22306: 22304: 22300: 22294: 22291: 22289: 22286: 22284: 22281: 22279: 22276: 22274: 22271: 22269: 22266: 22264: 22261: 22259: 22256: 22255: 22253: 22249: 22243: 22240: 22237: 22235: 22232: 22230: 22227: 22225: 22222: 22220: 22217: 22215: 22212: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22202: 22200: 22197: 22195: 22192: 22190: 22187: 22185: 22182: 22180: 22177: 22175: 22172: 22170: 22167: 22165: 22162: 22160: 22157: 22155: 22152: 22150: 22147: 22146: 22144: 22140: 22136: 22132: 22128: 22123: 22116: 22111: 22109: 22104: 22102: 22097: 22096: 22093: 22081: 22078: 22074: 22071: 22069: 22066: 22064: 22061: 22060: 22059: 22058: 22054: 22053: 22051: 22047: 22041: 22038: 22036: 22033: 22031: 22028: 22026: 22023: 22021: 22018: 22016: 22013: 22011: 22008: 22006: 22003: 22001: 21998: 21996: 21993: 21991: 21988: 21986: 21983: 21981: 21978: 21976: 21973: 21971: 21968: 21966: 21963: 21961: 21958: 21956: 21953: 21951: 21948: 21946: 21943: 21938: 21937: 21933: 21928: 21927: 21923: 21921: 21917: 21913: 21911: 21908: 21906: 21903: 21902: 21900: 21896: 21891: 21881: 21878: 21876: 21873: 21871: 21868: 21866: 21865: 21861: 21859: 21856: 21854: 21851: 21849: 21846: 21844: 21841: 21839: 21836: 21834: 21831: 21827: 21826: 21822: 21820: 21819: 21815: 21814: 21813: 21810: 21808: 21805: 21803: 21800: 21798: 21795: 21793: 21790: 21789: 21787: 21783: 21779: 21771: 21766: 21764: 21759: 21757: 21752: 21751: 21748: 21736: 21733: 21731: 21728: 21726: 21723: 21721: 21718: 21716: 21713: 21712: 21710: 21708: 21704: 21698: 21695: 21693: 21690: 21688: 21685: 21684: 21682: 21678: 21672: 21669: 21667: 21664: 21663: 21661: 21659: 21655: 21647: 21644: 21643: 21642: 21639: 21637: 21634: 21632: 21629: 21627: 21624: 21622: 21619: 21618: 21616: 21614: 21610: 21602: 21599: 21597: 21594: 21592: 21589: 21588: 21587: 21584: 21582: 21579: 21575: 21572: 21570: 21567: 21565: 21562: 21560: 21557: 21556: 21555: 21552: 21551: 21549: 21547: 21543: 21537: 21534: 21532: 21529: 21527: 21524: 21522: 21519: 21517: 21514: 21512: 21509: 21507: 21504: 21502: 21499: 21495: 21492: 21491: 21490: 21487: 21486: 21484: 21482: 21478: 21472: 21469: 21467: 21464: 21460: 21457: 21455: 21452: 21450: 21447: 21446: 21445: 21442: 21440: 21437: 21436: 21434: 21432: 21428: 21424: 21418: 21415: 21413: 21410: 21409: 21407: 21405: 21401: 21395: 21392: 21390: 21387: 21385: 21382: 21380: 21377: 21375: 21372: 21370: 21367: 21365: 21362: 21360: 21357: 21355: 21352: 21350: 21347: 21345: 21342: 21340: 21337: 21335: 21334:Architecture‎ 21332: 21331: 21329: 21327: 21323: 21317: 21314: 21310: 21307: 21305: 21302: 21300: 21297: 21295: 21292: 21291: 21290:Other groups 21289: 21287: 21284: 21282: 21281:Tibeto-Burman 21279: 21277: 21274: 21272: 21269: 21267: 21264: 21262: 21259: 21257: 21254: 21252: 21251:Austroasiatic 21249: 21247: 21244: 21243: 21241: 21239: 21238:Ethnic groups 21235: 21230: 21220: 21217: 21213: 21210: 21208: 21205: 21203: 21200: 21198: 21195: 21194: 21193: 21190: 21188: 21185: 21181: 21178: 21177: 21176: 21173: 21171: 21168: 21166: 21163: 21159: 21156: 21154: 21151: 21149: 21146: 21142: 21139: 21138: 21137: 21134: 21133: 21132: 21129: 21127: 21124: 21122: 21119: 21117: 21114: 21113: 21111: 21109: 21105: 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19511: 19509: 19506: 19504: 19501: 19499: 19496: 19494: 19491: 19489: 19486: 19484: 19483: 19482:Supreme Court 19479: 19478: 19476: 19474: 19470: 19464: 19461: 19459: 19456: 19454: 19451: 19449: 19445: 19442: 19438: 19435: 19434: 19433: 19432: 19428: 19427: 19425: 19421: 19415: 19412: 19410: 19407: 19406: 19404: 19402: 19398: 19395: 19393: 19389: 19379: 19376: 19374: 19371: 19369: 19366: 19364: 19361: 19359: 19356: 19354: 19351: 19349: 19346: 19345: 19343: 19339: 19333: 19330: 19328: 19325: 19323: 19320: 19318: 19315: 19313: 19312:Uva Rebellion 19310: 19308: 19305: 19303: 19300: 19298: 19295: 19293: 19290: 19288: 19285: 19283: 19280: 19278: 19275: 19273: 19270: 19268: 19265: 19263: 19260: 19258: 19255: 19253: 19250: 19248: 19245: 19243: 19240: 19238: 19235: 19233: 19230: 19228: 19225: 19224: 19222: 19218: 19212: 19209: 19207: 19204: 19202: 19199: 19197: 19194: 19192: 19189: 19187: 19184: 19182: 19179: 19177: 19174: 19173: 19171: 19167: 19164: 19162: 19158: 19150: 19147: 19146: 19145: 19142: 19140: 19137: 19135: 19132: 19130: 19127: 19125: 19122: 19121: 19119: 19115: 19110: 19103: 19098: 19096: 19091: 19089: 19084: 19083: 19080: 19074: 19071: 19070: 19062: 19058: 19055: 19052: 19048: 19047:Sri Lanka Map 19045: 19043: 19042:OpenStreetMap 19039: 19030: 19028: 19020: 19019: 19010: 19006: 19003: 19000: 18997: 18996: 18987: 18983: 18980: 18977: 18976:Lonely Planet 18973: 18970: 18967: 18963: 18960: 18957: 18953: 18950: 18948: 18944: 18939: 18935: 18934: 18929: 18924: 18921: 18917: 18914: 18911: 18908: 18905: 18904:Official site 18902: 18899: 18895: 18894: 18889: 18886: 18885: 18876: 18872: 18869: 18866: 18862: 18859: 18856: 18852: 18848: 18844: 18841: 18838: 18835: 18831: 18827: 18824: 18821: 18819: 18816: 18813: 18809: 18806: 18803: 18800: 18799: 18783: 18777: 18773: 18769: 18768: 18762: 18747: 18743: 18736: 18731: 18728: 18724: 18720: 18714: 18710: 18706: 18705: 18699: 18697: 18693: 18689: 18678: 18672: 18668: 18667: 18661: 18657: 18653: 18649: 18643: 18639: 18638: 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17730: 17726: 17725: 17717: 17701: 17697: 17696: 17695:Asian Tribune 17691: 17685: 17677: 17671: 17667: 17663: 17659: 17658: 17650: 17642: 17636: 17632: 17631: 17623: 17615: 17608: 17600: 17594: 17590: 17589: 17581: 17573: 17567: 17563: 17562: 17554: 17547: 17542: 17535: 17530: 17522: 17516: 17500: 17494: 17487: 17482: 17466: 17462: 17456: 17440: 17436: 17430: 17415: 17414:The Economist 17411: 17404: 17397: 17382: 17375: 17364: 17358: 17342: 17338: 17332: 17317:. 28 May 2009 17316: 17312: 17306: 17298: 17291: 17285: 17277: 17273: 17269: 17263: 17247: 17243: 17236: 17220: 17216: 17212: 17206: 17190: 17186: 17185:Sunday Leader 17182: 17175: 17159: 17158:The Economist 17155: 17149: 17133: 17129: 17128:Sunday Leader 17125: 17118: 17107: 17101: 17093: 17087: 17068: 17064: 17057: 17051: 17049: 17032: 17028: 17024: 17018: 17003: 16997: 16993: 16989: 16985: 16984: 16976: 16968: 16964: 16960: 16954: 16943: 16939: 16932: 16926: 16918: 16911: 16905: 16889: 16885: 16879: 16871: 16867: 16861: 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14919: 14915: 14909: 14907: 14905: 14888: 14884: 14878: 14870: 14866: 14859: 14848: 14842: 14823: 14819: 14812: 14806: 14790: 14786: 14782: 14775: 14759: 14755: 14751: 14745: 14737: 14733: 14729: 14723: 14715: 14711: 14705: 14689: 14685: 14679: 14671: 14665: 14661: 14657: 14653: 14647: 14631: 14627: 14623: 14617: 14601: 14597: 14596: 14595:Asian Tribune 14591: 14585: 14569: 14565: 14564: 14563:Asian Tribune 14559: 14553: 14534: 14531:. p. 6. 14530: 14523: 14517: 14501: 14497: 14493: 14486: 14478: 14474: 14470: 14466: 14462: 14458: 14451: 14443: 14439: 14435: 14429: 14421: 14417: 14413: 14406: 14390: 14386: 14382: 14376: 14360: 14356: 14352: 14346: 14330: 14326: 14322: 14316: 14300: 14296: 14292: 14286: 14278: 14274: 14270: 14264: 14245: 14241: 14234: 14228: 14220: 14216: 14215: 14210: 14203: 14187: 14183: 14182: 14177: 14171: 14169: 14152: 14148: 14142: 14138: 14134: 14133: 14125: 14117: 14111: 14095: 14091: 14085: 14081: 14080: 14075: 14069: 14058: 14051: 14045: 14026: 14022: 14015: 14009: 13993: 13986: 13980: 13961: 13954: 13948: 13940: 13934: 13926: 13922: 13916: 13908: 13904: 13898: 13890: 13886: 13882: 13876: 13868: 13864: 13858: 13850: 13846: 13842: 13836: 13834: 13817: 13813: 13807: 13791: 13787: 13781: 13765: 13761: 13757: 13750: 13734: 13730: 13726: 13720: 13704: 13700: 13694: 13678: 13674: 13670: 13663: 13647: 13643: 13642:The Economist 13639: 13633: 13617: 13613: 13609: 13603: 13587: 13583: 13579: 13575: 13569: 13558: 13551: 13545: 13529: 13525: 13524: 13523:Asian Tribune 13519: 13513: 13497: 13493: 13487: 13485: 13483: 13466: 13462: 13456: 13452: 13448: 13444: 13443: 13438: 13437:Tisdell, Clem 13431: 13415: 13411: 13410: 13402: 13386: 13382: 13376: 13360: 13356: 13352: 13346: 13344: 13327: 13323: 13317: 13315: 13298: 13294: 13290: 13284: 13268: 13264: 13258: 13251: 13246: 13230: 13224: 13208: 13202: 13186: 13182: 13176: 13160: 13156: 13152: 13148: 13142: 13123: 13119: 13112: 13106: 13098: 13094: 13090: 13084: 13082: 13073: 13069: 13065: 13059: 13051: 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June 2023. 11911: 11907: 11901: 11885: 11881: 11880:indiatoday.in 11877: 11871: 11855: 11851: 11847: 11841: 11825: 11821: 11817: 11811: 11795: 11791: 11787: 11781: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11751: 11735: 11731: 11727: 11721: 11705: 11701: 11697: 11691: 11683: 11677: 11661: 11657: 11653: 11647: 11631: 11627: 11623: 11617: 11601: 11597: 11593: 11587: 11571: 11567: 11563: 11557: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11527: 11511: 11507: 11504: 11498: 11482: 11478: 11472: 11456: 11452: 11451: 11446: 11443:Olsen, Erik. 11439: 11423: 11419: 11418: 11417:ABC Australia 11413: 11407: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11376: 11360: 11356: 11355: 11350: 11344: 11328: 11324: 11323: 11318: 11312: 11296: 11292: 11291: 11286: 11279: 11263: 11259: 11255: 11248: 11232: 11228: 11222: 11206: 11202: 11198: 11192: 11176: 11172: 11166: 11158: 11152: 11136: 11132: 11126: 11124: 11107: 11103: 11097: 11093: 11089: 11088: 11083: 11077: 11069: 11065: 11061: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11042: 11026: 11022: 11018: 11012: 11004: 11000: 10999:Express India 10996: 10990: 10974: 10970: 10966: 10960: 10944: 10940: 10936: 10930: 10914: 10910: 10906: 10900: 10884: 10880: 10876: 10870: 10868: 10859: 10853: 10837: 10830: 10811: 10804: 10800: 10794: 10778: 10774: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10759: 10751: 10735: 10731: 10727: 10721: 10713: 10709: 10705: 10701: 10694: 10683: 10676: 10669: 10662: 10657: 10649: 10643: 10627: 10623: 10617: 10601: 10597: 10591: 10575: 10571: 10565: 10561: 10560: 10552: 10536: 10532: 10528: 10522: 10520: 10518: 10502: 10496: 10492: 10491: 10483: 10467: 10463: 10457: 10453: 10452: 10444: 10438:, p. 123 10437: 10432: 10416: 10412: 10408: 10401: 10394: 10389: 10373: 10369: 10368: 10363: 10357: 10341: 10337: 10336: 10331: 10325: 10319:, p. 423 10318: 10317:De Silva 1981 10313: 10297: 10293: 10289: 10285: 10279: 10277: 10269: 10268:De Silva 1981 10264: 10258:, p. 386 10257: 10256:De Silva 1981 10252: 10246:, p. 387 10245: 10244:De Silva 1981 10240: 10224: 10220: 10216: 10210: 10194: 10190: 10184: 10180: 10179: 10171: 10164: 10159: 10143: 10139: 10133: 10129: 10128: 10120: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10090: 10084:, p. 115 10083: 10078: 10076: 10067: 10061: 10057: 10056: 10048: 10046: 10029: 10025: 10021: 10015: 10009: 10005: 10002: 9996: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9966: 9964: 9962: 9945: 9941: 9937: 9931: 9925: 9921: 9918: 9912: 9896: 9892: 9886: 9882: 9878: 9877: 9869: 9853: 9849: 9845: 9839: 9837: 9835: 9818: 9814: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9789: 9781: 9775: 9771: 9770: 9762: 9754: 9753: 9748: 9742: 9726: 9722: 9718: 9712: 9696: 9692: 9686: 9670: 9666: 9660: 9644: 9640: 9634: 9618: 9614: 9608: 9592: 9588: 9582: 9566: 9562: 9558: 9552: 9536: 9532: 9526: 9519: 9515: 9512: 9507: 9499: 9492: 9483: 9477: 9473: 9470: 9464: 9448: 9444: 9438: 9434: 9430: 9429: 9421: 9405: 9401: 9395: 9391: 9387: 9386: 9378: 9371: 9368:Indrapala, K 9365: 9363: 9355: 9352:Nadarajan, V 9349: 9347: 9339: 9327: 9323: 9317: 9313: 9309: 9305: 9304: 9296: 9288: 9284: 9280: 9274: 9266: 9262: 9256: 9240: 9236: 9230: 9226: 9225: 9217: 9215: 9207: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9183: 9176: 9169: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9144: 9137: 9130: 9118: 9114: 9108: 9104: 9103: 9095: 9079: 9075: 9071: 9065: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9045: 9041: 9037: 9033: 9029: 9022: 9006: 9002: 8998: 8991: 8985: 8981: 8978: 8972: 8956: 8952: 8946: 8942: 8941: 8933: 8925: 8919: 8915: 8914: 8906: 8898: 8892: 8888: 8887: 8879: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8849: 8842: 8837: 8822: 8820:9780198542575 8816: 8812: 8811: 8803: 8787: 8783: 8779: 8772: 8765: 8760: 8744: 8740: 8739:buddhanet.net 8736: 8730: 8714: 8710: 8709: 8704: 8698: 8696: 8687: 8681: 8677: 8676: 8668: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8641:Perera H. R. 8637: 8621: 8617: 8613: 8607: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8577: 8561: 8557: 8553: 8547: 8531: 8527: 8526: 8521: 8515: 8499: 8495: 8494:The Mahavamsa 8491: 8485: 8477: 8471: 8468:. p. 7. 8467: 8463: 8462: 8454: 8446: 8440: 8436: 8435: 8427: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8396: 8387: 8379: 8372: 8364: 8357: 8355: 8338: 8334: 8332: 8327: 8321: 8305: 8301: 8297: 8290: 8282: 8276: 8272: 8268: 8264: 8263: 8255: 8248: 8247:De Silva 1981 8243: 8235: 8229: 8221: 8214: 8198: 8194: 8193: 8188: 8182: 8166: 8162: 8158: 8151: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8120: 8104: 8100: 8096: 8090: 8071: 8064: 8058: 8050: 8046: 8039: 8031: 8025: 8009: 8008: 8003: 7996: 7980: 7976: 7970: 7954: 7950: 7944: 7928: 7924: 7917: 7909: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7888: 7880: 7874: 7871:. Routledge. 7870: 7869: 7861: 7845: 7841: 7835: 7832:. Routledge. 7831: 7830: 7822: 7814: 7808: 7804: 7803: 7795: 7787: 7781: 7777: 7776: 7768: 7752: 7748: 7747: 7742: 7735: 7728: 7725: 7721: 7718: 7713: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7673: 7670: 7666: 7660: 7652: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7631: 7615: 7611: 7605: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7584: 7583: 7575: 7567: 7561: 7557: 7553: 7546: 7530: 7526: 7525: 7520: 7514: 7495: 7491: 7484: 7478: 7462: 7458: 7452: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7418: 7416: 7414: 7412: 7392: 7388: 7381: 7375: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7335: 7331: 7325: 7306: 7302: 7301: 7293: 7287: 7271: 7267: 7261: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7231: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7201: 7185: 7181: 7180: 7175: 7169: 7153: 7149: 7148: 7143: 7137: 7133: 7114: 7108: 7100: 7091: 7079: 7074: 7065: 7053: 7045: 7038: 7011: 7003: 6953: 6946: 6939: 6933: 6929: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6906: 6895: 6888: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6831:Olympic Games 6827: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6784: 6780: 6777: 6773: 6769: 6765: 6762:, and of the 6761: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6683: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6651: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6542: 6540: 6536: 6535:Muudu Puththu 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6505:company from 6504: 6503:Parsi theatre 6499: 6497: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6454: 6449: 6445: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6354: 6353: 6348: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6321: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6307: 6306:Ranmuthu Duwa 6302: 6301:S. M. Nayagam 6298: 6294: 6293: 6284: 6279: 6273: 6272:Kandyan dress 6268: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6237: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6197: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6142: 6137: 6133: 6123: 6121: 6117: 6112: 6105: 6101: 6100: 6094: 6085: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6070: 6068: 6067:land grabbing 6063: 6060: 6056: 6053: 6049: 6044: 6042: 6039:criminalises 6038: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5986: 5984: 5979: 5978:Edward Harper 5975: 5971: 5965: 5961: 5951: 5949: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5916: 5914: 5909: 5908:literacy rate 5901: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5847: 5838: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5800: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5781: 5777: 5775: 5771: 5766: 5762: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5681: 5671: 5661: 5651: 5643: 5636: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5592: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5540: 5539:North Central 5537: 5535: 5532: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5466:Boralesgamuwa 5464: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5445: 5444: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5410: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5164: 5155: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5116: 5111: 5101: 5099: 5093: 5091: 5090:Vandana Shiva 5081: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5037: 5030: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5010: 5008: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4919: 4915: 4910: 4906: 4904: 4900: 4899:welfare state 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4858: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4818: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4717:Kachchatheevu 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4623: 4622:Ronald Reagan 4619: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4577: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4532: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4514: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4348:North Western 4346: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4321:North Central 4319: 4318: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4257: 4252: 4249: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4231: 4225: 4218: 4211: 4204: 4197: 4190: 4183: 4176: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4154: 4149: 4142: 4135: 4130: 4123: 4116: 4113:North Western 4109: 4104: 4103: 4093: 4088: 4087: 4079: 4078: 4076:Bay of Bengal 4065: 4063: 4058: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4014: 4012: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3997: 3993: 3988: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3957: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3881: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3827: 3822: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3808: 3807: 3804: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3698: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3671: 3670:chief justice 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3646:Supreme Court 3643: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3590:from elected 3589: 3586:and appoints 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3572:head of state 3569: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3530:unitary state 3527: 3524: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3493: 3484: 3480: 3477:This section 3475: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3449: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3419: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3300: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3277:Western Ghats 3271: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3249: 3243: 3239: 3229: 3226: 3221: 3218: 3213: 3211: 3207: 3198: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3093: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3028:Bay of Bengal 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3000: 2995: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2972: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2884:launched its 2883: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2759: 2753: 2741: 2735: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2698:Federal Party 2694: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2636: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2616: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2575: 2570: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2458:Uva Rebellion 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2290:, the son of 2289: 2285: 2278: 2275:cartographer 2274: 2269: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2234: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2083:Kalinga Magha 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2036: 2034: 2031:, Pihiti and 2030: 2026: 2022: 2016: 2012: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1976:Chola emperor 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1930: 1929:dhammabhāṇaka 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1699:, 5th century 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1629:(present-day 1628: 1627:Vanga Kingdom 1624: 1623:Prince Vijaya 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1607: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1585: 1575: 1573: 1570:stepbrother, 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1551: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1522: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1510:Balangoda Man 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1494:Batadombalena 1491: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1458: 1447: 1437: 1434: 1422: 1418: 1416: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1374:Siṃhaladvīpaḥ 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1350: 1342: 1341:Ancient Greek 1338: 1337: 1332: 1331:Ancient Greek 1328: 1326: 1325:three crowned 1322: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1266:Prince Vijaya 1263: 1262: 1255: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1192: 1189:defeated the 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080:Indian Tamils 1077: 1073: 1069: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1037:Bay of Bengal 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1006: 1002: 999:You may need 982: 977: 972: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 952: 950: 948: 944: 941: 938: 936: 935:ISO 3166 code 932: 929: 926: 924: 920: 916: 914: 910: 906: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 881: 877: 873: 857: 851: 847: 837: 831: 827: 823: 820:$ 3,293 ( 814: 808: 804: 795: 789: 785: 779: 775: 771: 762: 756: 752: 743: 737: 733: 729: 723: 719: 715: 711: 705: 701: 695: 691: 682: 676: 673: 669: 665: 659: 655: 651: 645: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 619: 615: 612: 606: 602: 599: 593: 589: 586: 580: 576: 573: 567: 563: 560: 554: 550: 547: 541: 537: 534: 528: 524: 520: 514: 510: 507: 503: 500: 497: 493: 489: 486: 483: 480: 479:Chief Justice 474: 471: 468: 465: 459: 456: 453: 450: 444: 441: 438: 435: 429: 425: 422: 418: 416: 412: 409: 406: 404: 400: 395: 390: 385: 378: 374: 369: 362: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 333: 332:Indian Tamils 329: 327: 323: 321: 317: 315: 311: 310: 308: 303: 299: 296: 293: 289: 283: 280: 278: 275: 274: 272: 268: 265: 262: 258: 250: 246:6.933; 79.867 220: 217: 215:(legislative) 214: 211: 210: 208: 204: 200: 195: 163: 159: 155: 149: 143: 135: 129: 121: 109: 105: 102: 98: 94: 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 65: 61: 50: 49: 40: 37: 33: 19: 23877: 23850: 23497:Turkmenistan 23436: 23424:Saudi Arabia 23083:Beijing 2012 22945: 22905: 22860: 22824:Cook Islands 22760: 22756:South Africa 22741:Sierra Leone 22365:South Africa 22292: 22241: 22224:Thimphu 2010 22219:Colombo 2008 22194:Colombo 1998 22174:Colombo 1991 22055: 22019: 22010:Saudi Arabia 21934: 21924: 21914: 21870:South Africa 21862: 21823: 21816: 21778:Indian Ocean 21636:Martial arts 21526:Colonial era 21521:Early modern 21471:Caste system 21256:Austronesian 21197:Northwestern 21186: 21055: 21043: 20958:Kastellorizo 20837:Turkmenistan 20811: 20802:Saudi Arabia 20550:Colombo Plan 20448: 20346:LGBT history 20331:Human rights 20203:Architecture 20180:Social class 20114:Demographics 20007:Unemployment 19945:Central Bank 19729:Capital city 19615:Armed Forces 19528: 19480: 19446: / 19429: 19409:Constitution 19307:Kandyan Wars 19297:Dutch Ceylon 19242:Anuradhapura 19134:Bibliography 19108: 18931: 18919: 18891: 18766: 18755:15 September 18753:. 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In 1973, 6804:Jayawardene 6776:off-spinner 6682:Rugby union 6637:Madol Doova 6600:Kavsilumina 6509:introduced 6488:Geta Béraya 6438:Baila music 6342:Gamperaliya 6222:Thai Pongal 5835:Gallup poll 5804:Zoroastrian 5739:Palk Strait 5568:Trincomalee 5074:Trincomalee 4903:free market 4721:Palk Strait 4715:. In 1974, 4697:Che Guevara 4299:Trincomalee 4085:Palk Strait 3990:In 2022, a 3842:progressive 3838:centre-left 3650:British law 3602:Legislative 3509:, near the 3118:coral reefs 3056:Palk Strait 2845:country to 2843:South Asian 2668:Trincomalee 2484:rule of law 2476:utilitarian 2405:During the 2346:Tooth Relic 2153:Tambralinga 2110:Dambadeniya 2048:Polonnaruwa 1999:Polonnaruwa 1842:Kavan Tissa 1822:South India 1791:Sanghamitta 1755:arrived in 1560:Vishvakarma 1514:agriculture 1479:Pahiyangala 1475:Paleolithic 1367:serendipity 1284:, the term 1049:Palk Strait 863: 0.780 616:22 May 1972 495:Legislature 244: / 23914:Categories 23539:Bangladesh 23511:Applicants 23307:Azerbaijan 23246:Uzbekistan 23233:Tajikistan 23194:Kyrgyzstan 23181:Kazakhstan 22993:Montserrat 22736:Seychelles 22676:Mozambique 22546:Bangladesh 22462:SAARC Road 22263:Bangladesh 22209:Dhaka 2005 22179:Dhaka 1993 22149:Dhaka 1985 22130:Agreements 22057:Antarctica 21910:Bangladesh 21864:Somaliland 21853:Seychelles 21848:Mozambique 21838:Madagascar 21591:Bangladesh 21501:Bronze Age 21384:Philosophy 21369:Literature 21266:Indo-Aryan 21246:Andamanese 21121:Bangladesh 20847:Uzbekistan 20822:Tajikistan 20737:Kyrgyzstan 20717:Kazakhstan 20667:East Timor 20637:Bangladesh 20627:Azerbaijan 20468:South Asia 20321:Disability 20290:Television 20258:Philosophy 20243:Literature 20163:Mass media 19912:Waterfalls 19823:Ecoregions 19672:Devolution 19530:Parliament 19448:Ministries 19392:Government 19348:Chronicles 19237:Tambapanni 19176:Prehistory 18796:Government 17978:The Island 17706:21 January 17546:Nubin 2002 17534:Nubin 2002 17439:GlobalPost 17252:21 October 17225:4 December 17007:29 October 16894:28 October 16555:The Island 16206:13 October 16047:10 October 16015:1 February 15976:18 January 15639:World Bank 15615:19 January 15543:Al Jazeera 15396:14 January 15363:14 January 15327:14 January 15033:14 October 14658:. London: 14636:23 January 14463:(2): 343. 14240:The Island 14135:. London: 13355:Daily News 13293:Daily News 13250:Nubin 2002 12884:(8): 836. 12738:BioScience 12111:Rediff.com 11977:16 January 11428:17 October 11388:. London. 11260:. London. 11135:Asia Times 10919:20 October 10819:17 October 10661:Nubin 2002 10436:Nubin 2002 10411:The Island 10393:Nubin 2002 10163:Nubin 2002 10082:Nubin 2002 9950:17 October 9665:"Zheng He" 9308:Peradeniya 8566:27 January 8504:16 October 8079:24 October 8007:Asia Times 7933:17 October 7441:11 October 7314:24 October 7250:23 January 7123:References 6855:200 metres 6841:for men's 6800:Jayasuriya 6796:Sangakkara 6783:test match 6674:volleyball 6668:While the 6624:Pujāvaliya 6576:Atthakatha 6554:Pāli Canon 6398:Thammátama 6367:Cold Heart 6289:The movie 6194:Bolo fiado 6055:conflict. 6033:war crimes 5972:(formerly 5795:and other 5755:philosophy 5719:Pāli Canon 5715:the Buddha 5711:Bodhi Tree 5432:Katunayake 5314:Maharagama 5296:Batticaloa 5128:death rate 5124:birth rate 5078:Hambantota 4938:Ceylon tea 4890:Ceylon tea 4838:See also: 4779:, and the 4759:, and the 4660:, and the 4650:World Bank 4612:President 4602:See also: 4524:20,359,439 4353:Kurunegala 3959:President 3857:capitalist 3853:right-wing 3795:Volleyball 3610:unicameral 3550:referendum 3542:parliament 3523:democratic 3431:zeylanicum 3365:endangered 3290:33 species 3266:subspecies 3246:See also: 3125:seagrasses 3086:A view of 3044:82° E 3036:10° N 3018:, a major 3008:South Asia 2902:Presidency 2863:race riots 2847:liberalise 2702:satyagraha 2613:See also: 2507:rajakariya 2429:, faced a 2364:-speaking 2308:Portuguese 2284:Portuguese 2237:See also: 2157:Sri Vijaya 2058:influence. 2044:Gal Vihara 1987:Rajendra I 1979:Rajaraja I 1921:Pāli Canon 1838:Dutugamunu 1807:Bodhivamsa 1799:Bodhi Tree 1721:structures 1663:Rājāvaliya 1542:speakers. 1485:traveller 1467:Mesolithic 1451:Prehistory 1359:Tambapanni 1327:Cholas"). 1274:copper-red 1270:Tambapaṇṇĩ 1222:government 1143:Portuguese 1107:Pali Canon 1029:South Asia 1005:Indic text 702:20,277,600 672:Population 499:Parliament 415:Government 408:Sri Lankan 403:Demonym(s) 170:(English: 23920:Sri Lanka 23856:Venezuela 23851:Sri Lanka 23811:Indonesia 23786:Argentina 23437:Sri Lanka 22973:Gibraltar 22848:Australia 22761:Sri Lanka 22746:Singapore 22671:Mauritius 22536:Australia 22524:(members) 22334:Mauritius 22309:Australia 22302:Observers 22293:Sri Lanka 22229:Addu 2011 22189:Malé 1997 22169:Malé 1990 22080:Australia 22020:Sri Lanka 22015:Singapore 21950:Indonesia 21843:Mauritius 21658:Education 21379:Mythology 21364:Languages 21276:Nuristani 21261:Dravidian 21187:Sri Lanka 21153:Northeast 21141:Northwest 21011:Hong Kong 20930:Australia 20919:Dependent 20898:Palestine 20812:Sri Lanka 20807:Singapore 20687:Indonesia 20449:Sri Lanka 20361:Terrorism 20283:Cheena di 20278:Angampora 20141:Languages 20131:Education 20002:Transport 19957:Companies 19843:Mountains 19794:Districts 19789:Provinces 19776:Geography 19739:Elections 19620:Air Force 19473:Judiciary 19431:President 19423:Executive 19368:Education 19332:Civil War 19227:Mahāvaṃsa 19117:Overviews 19109:Sri Lanka 19038:Sri Lanka 18999:Mahavamsa 18962:Sri Lanka 18954:from the 18943:Sri Lanka 18916:Sri Lanka 18888:Sri Lanka 18158:. London. 17842:Sri Lanka 17729:Cambridge 16694:142788627 16242:6 January 16005:0307-1235 15966:0307-1235 15513:Bloomberg 15244:18 August 14660:Routledge 14477:154512767 14110:cite book 13534:23 August 13273:23 August 13235:25 August 13213:25 August 12760:0006-3568 12171:Sri Lanka 11920:6 October 11910:The Hindu 11820:Hiru News 11626:France 24 11566:Hiru News 11268:18 August 10889:20 August 10740:20 August 9701:22 August 9390:New Delhi 9148:Cambridge 9048:1423-0526 8708:Mahavamsa 8556:Mahavamsa 8331:Frontline 8228:cite book 8192:Angelfire 7985:15 August 7959:15 August 7775:Sri Lanka 7702:14 August 7364:8 October 7174:"Colombo" 7128:Citations 7064:Śrī Laṅkā 6867:Cue sport 6744:Australia 6706:Angampora 6702:Cheena di 6616:Amāvatura 6567:Mahāvaṃsa 6523:Sinhabāhu 6484:18 Vannam 6468:Ves dance 6352:Nidhanaya 6349:, 1964), 6339:, 1956), 6320:Bollywood 6214:Christmas 6178:Jackfruit 5950:in 2023. 5940:pirivenas 5880:Education 5728:Although 5703:Theravada 5585:Languages 5500:Kolonnawa 5132:Sinhalese 5056:operator 5023:Transport 4968:The 2011 4509:Sri Lanka 4495:5,851,130 4468:1,266,463 4441:2,477,285 4414:1,928,655 4407:Ratnapura 4387:1,061,315 4360:2,380,861 4333:1,266,663 4306:1,555,510 4279:2,571,557 4050:Provinces 4044:districts 4040:provinces 3996:President 3963:lost the 3896:July 1960 3740:Butterfly 3712:Lion Flag 3588:ministers 3564:Executive 3490:July 2022 3439:found in 3400:Sinharaja 3330:satinwood 3180:petroleum 3132:estuaries 3122:estuarine 3092:Maskeliya 3068:sea level 2988:Geography 2385:concubine 2350:Sinhalese 2329:with the 2259:explorer 2201:languages 2173:Sumatrans 1983:Mahinda V 1905:Theravada 1876:as well. 1814:Suratissa 1788:bhikkhuni 1784:Tripiṭaka 1757:Mihintale 1674:Mahavamsa 1658:Cūḷavaṃsa 1653:Mahāvaṃsa 1648:Dipavamsa 1606:Mahāvamsa 1471:Iron Ages 1399:Śrī Laṅkā 1392:in 1948. 1354:Ταπροβανῆ 1349:Taprobanē 1345:Ταπροβανᾶ 1336:Taprobanā 1261:Mahāvaṃsa 1218:president 1123:Silk Road 1117:, or the 1055:with the 1013:Sri Lanka 913:Drives on 894:Time zone 782:(nominal) 590:1815–1948 577:1592–1815 564:1232–1592 551:1017–1232 506:Formation 434:President 364:Religion 314:Sinhalese 45:Sri Lanka 23896:7°N 81°E 23861:Zimbabwe 23831:Malaysia 23600:See also 23372:Maldives 23333:Cambodia 23270:Mongolia 23207:Pakistan 23027:Source: 22978:Guernsey 22936:Anguilla 22766:Tanzania 22701:Pakistan 22661:Maldives 22656:Malaysia 22641:Kiribati 22586:Dominica 22571:Cameroon 22561:Botswana 22551:Barbados 22288:Pakistan 22278:Maldives 22025:Thailand 22000:Pakistan 21985:Maldives 21980:Malaysia 21880:Tanzania 21797:Djibouti 21680:Military 21601:Pakistan 21564:Hinduism 21559:Buddhism 21546:Religion 21516:Medieval 21506:Iron Age 21431:Politics 21394:Surnames 21316:Diaspora 21212:Southern 21202:Northern 21175:Pakistan 21165:Maldives 21045:Category 20888:Abkhazia 20827:Thailand 20782:Pakistan 20762:Mongolia 20757:Maldives 20752:Malaysia 20652:Cambodia 20383:Category 20238:Folklore 20175:Religion 20057:Graphite 20032:Cinnamon 19992:Taxation 19917:Wildlife 19890:Malvathu 19885:Mahaweli 19766:Scandals 19721:Politics 19373:Military 19363:Economic 19353:Monarchs 19282:Sitawaka 19139:Timeline 18956:BBC News 18928:template 18843:Archived 18826:Archived 18376:4 August 18127:Archived 17875:Archived 17662:New York 17465:BBC News 17315:Le Monde 16986:. WIPO. 16846:cite web 16623:10 March 16483:Mongabay 16366:Archived 16101:Archived 16071:Archived 16009:Archived 15970:Archived 15929:Archived 15899:Archived 15869:Archived 15839:Archived 15813:Archived 15779:Archived 15746:Archived 15633:Archived 15609:Archived 15573:Archived 15547:Archived 15517:Archived 15486:Archived 15482:BBC News 15459:5 August 15429:5 August 15423:Archived 15390:Archived 15357:Archived 15321:Archived 15319:. 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1868:(modern 1751:Emperor 1737:Buddhism 1723:such as 1568:rakshasa 1550:Ramayana 1498:Belilena 1371:Sanskrit 1369:") from 1363:Sarandīb 1278:red soil 1248:Toponymy 1240:and the 1232:and the 1220:and the 1179:republic 1175:dominion 1157:and the 1084:Burghers 1057:Maldives 1047:and the 1023:, is an 879:Currency 611:Republic 419:Unitary 384:Hinduism 377:official 373:Buddhism 338:Burghers 23846:Senegal 23841:Nigeria 23821:Jamaica 23781:Algeria 23774:Members 23688:Summits 23637:Russian 23632:Chinese 23526:Algeria 23385:Myanmar 23320:Bahrain 23294:Armenia 23129:Belarus 23076:Summits 22941:Bermuda 22913:Tokelau 22801:Vanuatu 22696:Nigeria 22681:Namibia 22646:Lesotho 22631:Jamaica 22616:Grenada 22541:Bahamas 22511:of the 22509:Members 22339:Myanmar 22251:Members 22142:Summits 22124:(SAARC) 21990:Myanmar 21905:Bahrain 21858:Somalia 21825:Réunion 21818:Mayotte 21807:Eritrea 21792:Comoros 21725:History 21671:History 21621:Cricket 21574:Sikhism 21569:Jainism 21554:Dharmic 21481:History 21427:Economy 21412:Monsoon 21389:Scripts 21359:Fashion 21349:Cuisine 21326:Culture 21309:Semitic 21299:Chinese 21207:Eastern 21158:Islands 20852:Vietnam 20767:Myanmar 20747:Lebanon 20677:Georgia 20632:Bahrain 20622:Armenia 20356:Poverty 20295:Theatre 20228:Fashion 20218:Cuisine 20195:Culture 20146:Sinhala 20094:Society 20082:Tourism 20042:Coconut 20022:Apparel 20012:Welfare 19940:Banking 19927:Economy 19838:Islands 19749:Parties 19595:Members 19548:Speaker 19444:Cabinet 19267:Gampola 19169:Periods 19161:History 19129:Outline 19011:, 1861. 19007:by Sir 18993:History 18964:in the 18930:below ( 18873:of the 18849:of the 18832:of the 18810:of the 18692:Dædalus 18656:2154168 18525:21 July 18501:Prepare 17505:29 July 17347:8 April 16686:3445068 16666:Bibcode 16591:15 July 16291:15 July 16180:20 July 16077:15 July 15895:AGDAILY 15686:15 July 15660:15 July 15300:5 April 15208:15 July 15175:15 July 15007:15 July 14924:15 July 14893:15 July 14606:15 July 14574:15 July 14542:15 July 14395:15 July 14385:cope.nu 14365:15 July 14355:Pact.lk 14335:27 July 14305:27 July 14192:15 July 14157:24 July 14100:24 July 13822:15 July 13796:15 July 13760:Reuters 13709:3 March 13683:3 March 13652:3 March 13502:15 July 13471:20 June 13420:20 June 13365:27 July 13332:15 July 13303:27 July 13191:15 July 13165:15 July 13131:15 July 13012:15 July 12935:15 July 12878:Forests 12856:15 July 12769:5451287 12631:15 July 12447:15 July 12417:15 July 12391:15 July 12359:15 July 12327:15 July 12301:15 July 12271:15 July 12210:15 July 12121:15 July 12040:15 July 11890:29 July 11830:14 July 11710:22 June 11666:6 April 11636:27 June 11506:Reuters 11461:15 July 11141:15 July 11112:24 July 11092:Colombo 11056:Bibcode 11031:15 July 10979:15 July 10949:15 July 10842:15 July 10783:24 July 10712:7925123 10632:15 July 10606:15 July 10580:20 June 10541:22 June 10506:15 July 10472:15 July 10421:15 July 10378:15 July 10346:15 July 10302:15 July 10199:20 June 10148:20 June 10109:15 July 10034:15 July 9985:15 July 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1540:Prakrit 1528:pottery 1504:modern 1483:Chinese 1440:History 1415:Ilaṅkai 1405:Sinhala 1137:in the 1092:Chinese 1043:by the 976:Website 965:.இலங்கை 870: ( 622:• 609:• 596:• 583:• 570:• 557:• 544:• 531:• 525:543 BCE 519:Kingdom 517:• 477:• 462:• 447:• 432:• 354:Indians 350:Chinese 295:English 277:Sinhala 264:Colombo 232:79°52′E 219:Colombo 206:Capital 160: " 158:Anthem: 86:Sinhala 60:Sinhala 23836:Mexico 23791:Brazil 23588: 23575: 23565:Israel 23562: 23549: 23536: 23523: 23494: 23472:Guests 23460: 23450:Turkey 23447: 23434: 23421: 23408: 23395: 23382: 23369: 23359:Kuwait 23356: 23343: 23330: 23317: 23304: 23291: 23267: 23243: 23230: 23220:Russia 23217: 23204: 23191: 23178: 23165: 23152: 23139: 23126: 22988:Jersey 22806:Zambia 22791:Uganda 22786:Tuvalu 22711:Rwanda 22651:Malawi 22621:Guyana 22606:Gambia 22581:Cyprus 22576:Canada 22566:Brunei 22556:Belize 22370:Russia 22358:Guests 22268:Bhutan 21975:Kuwait 21970:Jordan 21965:Israel 21812:France 21785:Africa 21730:Swords 21613:Sports 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