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Panhellenic Liberation Organization

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1497: 1374: 1240: 1120: 1663: 1567: 1449: 408:. By the end of the month the conflict between the two group had escalated into a civil war which continued until December. ELAS managed to destroy PAO's armed units, before they managed to regroup in Chalkidiki. In January 1944, the remnant of PAO, consisting of several hundred men, requested aid from the German authorities and they were reformed into collaborationist, counter-insurgency units. Under German direction, PAO took part in operations against ELAS, while attacking the Bulgarian army with the tacit approval of the Germans. From then on PAO operated under the umbrella of the 1759: 1275: 1179: 1532: 1414: 342:
Organization (PAO) and absorbed former members of National Social Defense (EKA) a small right wing resistance organization. PAO's armed wing was named National Army (ES), it also formed a women's branch called PAOE and youth branch called PAON. PAO also illegally published a newspaper called National Voice (EF), its first edition was published in Thessaloniki on 25 May 1943. Its 500 to 1,000 copies were distributed to young officers. Its other branches likewise published their own newspapers. In the
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or other autonomists. EAM-ELAS constantly viewed any group not belonging to itself with distrust and accused them as "collaborators", but in many cases it was a self-fulfilling prophecy, as ELAS's attacks on the right-wing groups forced the remnants of the latter to make common cause with the Germans
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At the same time, however, ELAS began forcibly disarming smaller non-communist guerrilla groups and either amalgamating them in its own ranks or disbanding them entirely. ELAS justified its action by accusing YBE and other right-wing groups of collaboration with the German occupation authorities, a
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failed and the population was subjected to mass reprisals. Hundreds of Greeks were killed, dozens of villages were razed and thousands of people were made refugees. YBE’s persistence with non-violent resistance proved to be unpopular, costing it many defections. In early 1943, agents of the British
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Georgios Themelis, issued a declaration which stated that whoever fights the Germans is an enemy of Greece. Their pleas fell on deaf ears, as the Germans continued to tolerate if not encourage Bulgarian efforts. YBE then shifted its focus towards smuggling fighters into the Middle East, where they
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As part of this effort, the leadership of YBE agreed to embrace armed struggle, forming guerilla bands in rural areas. A parallel increase in Axis atrocities after the entry of Bulgarian troops into western Macedonia, reinforced their decision. In July 1943, YBE was renamed Panhellenic Liberation
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On 10 July 1941, army officers Majors I. Papathanassiou, Th. Barbas, E. Dortas and Captain Anastasios Sakellaridis founded Defenders of Northern Greece (YBE), a Greek nationalist resistance organization. Its goals were the preservation of the territorial integrity of Greece and the countering any
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Consequently, from the moment of PAO's formation, relations with ELAS were strained and no effort was put into combining their operations. PAO managed to gain the support of the Turkish-speaking Pontic Greeks, who maintained independent resistance networks and were similarly anti-communist. In
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in Athens, committing numerous atrocities. Its field commanders Vichos and Dangoulas signed a declaration, pledging to fight the Allies alongside Germany, while others such as Michalagas wore German army uniforms. Only in eastern Macedonia, which lay inside the Bulgarian occupation zone, were
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for the inclusion of Greek Macedonia into a greater "autonomous Macedonia", which would inevitably fall under Yugoslav or Bulgarian hegemony. Its headquarters were located in the offices of the Prefecture Inspection Service of the General Administration of
3207: 288:. Nevertheless, like most resistance groups at the time, by 1943 did accept vague references to post-war "socialism" and accepted the entry of socialist members into its ranks. The organization it was a fierce opponent of EAM-ELAS, especially given the 1849: 428:
significantly weakened the communists, while the Greek army and gendarmerie were reformed by former members of anti-communist resistance organizations, including former collaborators. The political conflict in Greece continued until the end of the
247:. The Bulgarian language was made compulsory in all administrative matters, as well as in the education and liturgy. Businessmen were forced to accept Bulgarian partners or even hand their property over to Bulgarian control. Efforts to promote 404:
August, ELAS fighters in the area of Kilkis began pressuring PAO insurgents into disarming. When ELAS applied the same tactic on the Turkish-speaking Pontians, the latter murdered seven regional ELAS commanders in the village of Imera, near
222:, expecting a swift victory but the invasion failed and the Italians were pushed back into Albania. As the war dragged on, on 6 April 1941 Germany was forced to intervene to support its struggling ally. The small Greek force defending the 202:), employing methods of non violent resistance. In 1943, YVE was renamed as the Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO), shifting its focus towards armed struggle. In the August of the same year it came into conflict with 2843: 280:
Bulgarian attempts to absorb Greek Macedonia. Its membership was drawn mostly from the pre-war military and the still functioning state administration, and politically belonged to the right, professing loyalty to the
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region fell under the command of Captain Thanasis Skordas and Lieutenant Vasilis Kiparissis respectively. PAO's main force, consisting of the 19th Battalion, was led by Spyros "Strymonas" Spiridis, stationed around
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on the Greco–Bulgarian border was defeated by the better equipped and numerically superior Germans. The German penetration deep into Greece made further resistance at the Albanian front pointless, ending the
2020: 1861: 395:, regarded the Germans as a less serious enemy than the Bulgarians or the Communists". Despite their anti-autonomist ideology PAO never participated in military engagements against the Italian army, the 251:
were also enacted in the German-controlled Greek Macedonia, through the creation of Bulgarian clubs in all major towns. The first resistance organization in northern Greece was founded in May 1941;
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was the theater of operations for three bands, commanded by Panagiotis Koutridis, Giorgos Arvanitidis and Lefteris Tsaousidis Tsochos. Most of PAO's membership was composed of western
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YBE hoped to halt Bulgarian encroachment in Macedonia by proving their loyalty to the German authorities and in turn gaining their support. YBE member and prefect of
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Maratzidis, Nikos (2000). "Ethnic Identity, Memory and Political Behaviour: The Case of Turkish-Speaking Pontian Greeks".
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ELAS remained the dominant resistance organization in the rest of northern Greece until the end of the war. After the
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by Germany, Italy and Bulgaria. Unlike Italy and Germany, Bulgaria did not administer eastern
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Greek nationalist, anti-communist resistance and collaborationist organization during WWII
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it controlled through Greek collaborators, but annexed the area to form the province of
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The participation and activity of women in the National Resistance (1941-1944)
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Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)
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and become influenced by the latter in their political convictions.
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and its remnants turned towards collaboration with the Germans.
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Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)
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Crown and Swastika, Greece of the Occupation and the Resistance
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in the favor of the Axis Powers. Greece was subjected to a
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Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance
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nationalist resistance organizations, chiefly that of
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Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
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The Civil Wars: Local Aspects of the Greek Civil War
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The units in the 176:Πανελλήνιος Απελευθερωτική Οργάνωσις (ΠΑΟ) 2915:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") 2774:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling") 2697:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA) 953: 872: 812: 721: 667: 643: 631: 523: 487: 2746:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI) 2692:National Republican Greek League (EDES) 749: 733: 14: 3486: 3514:Greek collaborators with Nazi Germany 3464:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis? 3317: 3166: 2961: 2704:National and Social Liberation (EKKA) 2431:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN) 2426:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) 2324: 1628: 1020: 982: 789: 655: 619: 511: 499: 475: 180:Panellinios Apeleftherotiki Organosis 2736:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ) 2508:Protests against labour mobilization 194:(Υπερασπισταί Βορείου Ελλάδος, YBE; 2925:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing") 891:South European Society and Politics 168:Panhellenic Liberation Organization 33:Panhellenic Liberation Organization 24: 960:The Struggle for Greece, 1941-1949 794:The Origins of the Greek Civil War 326:(SOE) landed in Greece to execute 25: 3540: 3318: 2421:Union of People's Democracy (ELD) 963:. 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In September, the ELAS-led 213: 3519:Thessaloniki in World War II 2794:Execution of Josef Salminger 1631:Occupation and collaboration 926:Stefanidis, Yiannis (1992). 324:Special Operations Executive 274: 196:Yperaspistai Voreiou Ellados 192:Defenders of Northern Greece 130:Special Operations Executive 18:Defenders of Northern Greece 7: 3168:Liberation and road to the 2830:Expulsion of Cham Albanians 2088:Jewish cemetery of Salonica 1939:Cephalonia (Acqui Division) 414:collaborationist government 346:area, PAO was commanded by 10: 3545: 3401:Captain Corelli's Mandolin 3357:Holocaust Museum of Greece 1993:Larissa concentration camp 1988:Haidari concentration camp 1202:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca 1010:Greece during World War II 798:. Addison-Wesley Longman. 768:10.1177/002071529904000204 218:On 28 October 1940, Italy 3385: 3362:Kalavryta Massacre Museum 3344: 3328: 3324: 3313: 3260: 3190: 3176: 3162: 3082: 3036: 2985: 2970: 2964:Greek government-in-exile 2957: 2902: 2856: 2842: 2822: 2761: 2684: 2608: 2601: 2574:5/42 Regiment dissolution 2561: 2475: 2403: 2352: 2341: 2337: 2320: 2287: 2225: 2194: 2128: 2117: 2098:Expropriation of property 2073:Bulgarian-occupied Greece 2063: 2011: 1881: 1828: 1755: 1659: 1650: 1641: 1637: 1624: 1563: 1528: 1493: 1484: 1445: 1410: 1370: 1363: 1322: 1309: 1271: 1236: 1229: 1175: 1116: 1109: 1046: 1033: 1029: 1016: 903:10.1080/13608740508539614 813:Fleischer, Hagen (1995). 315:Greek government-in-exile 282:Greek government in exile 265:National Liberation Front 188:Axis occupation of Greece 175: 145: 126:Greek government-in-exile 121: 105: 97: 81: 67: 57: 47: 37: 32: 3504:Anti-communism in Greece 3443:The 11th Day: Crete 1941 3198:National Bands Agreement 3059:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos 2844:British Military Mission 2452:National Solidarity (EA) 2021:Greek economy, 1941–1944 1735:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller 1550:2nd New Zealand Division 1094:Italian spring offensive 928:"Macedonia in the 1940s" 790:Close, David H. (1995). 607:, pp. 173–178, 181. 502:, pp. xiv, 94, 104. 436: 3377:Thessaloniki War Museum 3069:Christodoulos Tsigantes 3064:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos 2894:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz 1555:6th Australian Division 1397:Konstantinos Bakopoulos 1143:Charalambos Katsimitros 750:Chimbos, Peter (1999). 2553:Killing of Franz Krech 2300:Executions of Kokkinia 2186:Dionysios Papadongonas 2181:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos 1595:1st Parachute Division 1314:(April–May 1941) 1162:Dimitrios Papadopoulos 220:declared war on Greece 101:Several hundred (1944) 3278:Archbishop Damaskinos 3235:Percentages agreement 2661:Konstantinos Ventiris 2048:Occupation Reichsmark 1600:5th Mountain Division 1427:Henry Maitland Wilson 1253:8th Infantry Division 3450:The Guns of Navarone 3415:Ill Met by Moonlight 3094:3rd Mountain Brigade 2889:George Psychoundakis 2874:Patrick Leigh Fermor 2538:Pinerolo disarmament 2136:Georgios Tsolakoglou 1545:1st Armoured Brigade 1537:British Commonwealth 1419:British Commonwealth 1402:Georgios Tsolakoglou 1148:Konstantinos Davakis 683:Hatzianastasiou 2001 605:Hatzianastasiou 2001 566:Hatzianastasiou 2001 348:Hellenic Gendarmerie 3429:Ipolochagos Natassa 3273:Georgios Papandreou 3049:Emmanouil Tsouderos 2920:Operation "Animals" 2910:Operation "Albumen" 2631:Komninos Pyromaglou 2589:Red Terror (Greece) 2533:1943 Athens protest 2498:Gorgopotamos Bridge 2395:Evripidis Bakirtzis 2343:National Liberation 2238:Alcibiades Diamandi 2202:Security Battalions 2176:George S. Mercouris 2151:Sotirios Gotzamanis 2093:Baron Hirsch ghetto 1720:XXII Mountain Corps 1520:Epirus Army Section 1258:Epirus Army Section 874:10.12681/eadd/35089 736:, pp. 254–255. 685:, pp. 178–188. 568:, pp. 173–174. 410:Security Battalions 352:Konstantinos Mitsou 292:'s well publicized 139:Security Battalions 68:Active regions 3367:Kalpaki War Museum 3220:Lebanon Conference 3086:in the Middle East 3084:Greek Armed Forces 3074:Pafsanias Katsotas 3054:Sofoklis Venizelos 2741:Hellenic Army (ES) 2676:Kimonas Zografakis 2651:Vasileios Sachinis 2636:Antonis Fosteridis 2602:Non-EAM resistance 2267:Cham collaboration 2248:Vassilis Rapotikas 2171:Nikolaos Bourantas 2166:Friedrich Schubert 2141:K. 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Army Corps 1803: 1756: 1751: 1686:Walter Schimana 1660: 1652: 1643: 1633: 1604: 1564: 1559: 1529: 1524: 1494: 1476: 1446: 1441: 1411: 1406: 1371: 1359: 1313: 1312: 1311:German invasion 1297: 1272: 1267: 1237: 1221: 1176: 1171: 1167:Georgios Kosmas 1133:Ioannis Metaxas 1117: 1105: 1037: 1036: 1025: 1012: 1007: 977: 971: 944: 942: 930: 879: 877: 847: 845: 829: 806: 780: 778: 745: 740: 732: 728: 720: 716: 708: 704: 698:Maratzidis 2000 696: 689: 681: 674: 666: 662: 654: 650: 642: 638: 630: 626: 618: 611: 603: 599: 591: 584: 576: 572: 564: 560: 554:Stefanidis 1992 552: 545: 537: 530: 522: 518: 510: 506: 498: 494: 486: 482: 474: 470: 462: 458: 452:Stefanidis 1992 450: 443: 439: 431:Greek Civil War 385:Chris Woodhouse 294:pre-war support 277: 216: 156: 152: 133: 113: 90: 48: 42:Spyros Spiridis 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3542: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3479: 3478: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3446: 3439: 3432: 3425: 3424: 3423: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3397: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3332: 3330: 3322: 3321: 3311: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3303: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3254: 3249: 3248: 3247: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3200: 3194: 3192: 3185: 3174: 3173: 3160: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3142:336th Squadron 3139: 3137:335th Squadron 3134: 3129: 3122: 3115: 3108: 3105:Vasilissa Olga 3101: 3096: 3090: 3088: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3044:King George II 3040: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2989: 2987: 2986:Events/Battles 2980: 2968: 2967: 2955: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2928: 2927: 2917: 2912: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2884:Themis Marinos 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2860: 2858: 2851: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2819: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2755: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2712: 2711: 2701: 2700: 2699: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2671:Petrakogiorgis 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2612: 2610: 2603: 2599: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2483:Drama uprising 2479: 2477: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2370:Andreas Tzimas 2367: 2362: 2356: 2354: 2347: 2335: 2334: 2318: 2317: 2314: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2302: 2297: 2291: 2289: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2229: 2227: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2198: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2156:Georgios Bakos 2153: 2148: 2146:Ioannis Rallis 2143: 2138: 2132: 2130: 2123: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2023: 2017: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1901: 1896: 1891: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1854: 1841: 1839: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1801:III Army Corps 1798: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1772:Angelico Carta 1768: 1766: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1749: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1740:Fortress Crete 1724: 1723: 1722: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1703:Hellmuth Felmy 1700: 1699: 1698: 1691:Alexander Löhr 1688: 1683: 1678: 1672: 1670: 1654: 1645: 1635: 1634: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1576: 1574: 1561: 1560: 1558: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1541: 1539: 1526: 1525: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1506: 1504: 1488: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1475: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1458: 1456: 1443: 1442: 1440: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1423: 1421: 1408: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1387:King George II 1383: 1381: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1358: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1345:Kleisoura Pass 1342: 1337: 1332: 1326: 1324: 1317: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1290: 1284: 1282: 1269: 1268: 1266: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1249: 1247: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1197:Galeazzo Ciano 1194: 1188: 1186: 1173: 1172: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1129: 1127: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1050: 1048: 1041: 1027: 1026: 1014: 1013: 1006: 1005: 998: 991: 983: 976: 975: 969: 951: 923: 886: 854: 833: 827: 810: 805:978-0582064713 804: 787: 762:(2): 251–269. 746: 744: 741: 739: 738: 726: 722:Woodhouse 2002 714: 702: 687: 672: 668:Woodhouse 2002 660: 658:, p. 104. 648: 644:Woodhouse 2002 636: 632:Woodhouse 2002 624: 622:, p. 114. 609: 597: 582: 570: 558: 543: 528: 524:Woodhouse 2002 516: 504: 492: 488:Woodhouse 2002 480: 468: 456: 440: 438: 435: 400:against ELAS. 365:Western Thrace 319:Drama uprising 276: 273: 267:(EAM) and its 241:Western Thrace 215: 212: 162: 161: 147: 143: 142: 123: 119: 118: 115:Hellenic State 107: 103: 102: 99: 95: 94: 88:Anti-communism 85: 79: 78: 76:Western Thrace 69: 65: 64: 59: 55: 54: 51: 45: 44: 39: 35: 34: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3541: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319:Commemoration 3316: 3312: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3288:Angelos Evert 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3268:Ronald Scobie 3266: 3265: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3242: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3209: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3165: 3161: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3132:13th Squadron 3130: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3121: 3120: 3116: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2960: 2956: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2923: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2831: 2828: 2827: 2825: 2821: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2726:Prometheus II 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2709:5/42 Regiment 2707: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685:Organizations 2683: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2590: 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2406: 2404:Organizations 2402: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2292: 2290: 2286: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2260:Andon Kalchev 2258: 2257: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2231: 2230: 2228: 2226:Secessionists 2224: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2195:Organizations 2193: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2116: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2065:The Holocaust 2062: 2054: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2018: 2016: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1833: 1827: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1664: 1658: 1655: 1649: 1646: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1623: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1538: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1498: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1467:Sepp Dietrich 1465: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1450: 1444: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1432:Thomas Blamey 1430: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1375: 1369: 1366: 1362: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1308: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1276: 1270: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1241: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1212:Ugo Cavallero 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1180: 1174: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1153:Markos Drakos 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1121: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1064:Korytsa/Korcë 1062: 1060: 1059:Elaia–Kalamas 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1004: 999: 997: 992: 990: 985: 984: 981: 972: 966: 962: 961: 956: 952: 940: 936: 929: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 887: 875: 870: 866: 862: 861: 855: 843: 839: 834: 830: 824: 820: 816: 811: 807: 801: 796: 795: 788: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 748: 747: 735: 730: 723: 718: 712:, p. 69. 711: 706: 699: 694: 692: 684: 679: 677: 670:, p. 66. 669: 664: 657: 652: 646:, p. 35. 645: 640: 634:, p. 34. 633: 628: 621: 616: 614: 606: 601: 594: 589: 587: 579: 574: 567: 562: 555: 550: 548: 541:, p. 66. 540: 535: 533: 525: 520: 514:, p. 19. 513: 508: 501: 496: 490:, p. 28. 489: 484: 477: 472: 466:, p. 65. 465: 460: 453: 448: 446: 441: 434: 432: 427: 422: 420: 415: 411: 407: 401: 398: 394: 390: 386: 380: 378: 374: 370: 369:Pontic Greeks 366: 362: 357: 353: 349: 345: 339: 337: 333: 329: 325: 320: 316: 312: 307: 302: 300: 295: 291: 287: 283: 272: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 249:Bulgarisation 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 225: 221: 211: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 173: 169: 159: 155: 151: 148: 144: 140: 136: 131: 127: 124: 120: 116: 111: 108: 104: 100: 96: 93: 89: 86: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: 66: 63: 60: 56: 52: 46: 43: 40: 36: 31: 19: 3462: 3449: 3441: 3436:Mediterraneo 3434: 3427: 3413: 3399: 3392: 3252:White Terror 3125: 3118: 3111: 3104: 2779:Agia Kyriaki 2769:ESPO bombing 2751: 2715: 2523:Sarantaporos 2493:Mikro Chorio 2233:Roman Legion 2078:Thessaloniki 2026:Great Famine 2014:exploitation 1869:Asen Sirakov 1787:Carlo Geloso 1782:Piero Parini 1731:Bruno Bräuer 1696:Army Group E 1590:Luftflotte 4 1472:Kurt Student 1462:Wilhelm List 1335:Metaxas Line 1217:Carlo Geloso 1207:Ubaldo Soddu 1084:Klisura Pass 959: 943:. Retrieved 938: 934: 897:(3): 56–69. 894: 890: 878:. Retrieved 864: 859: 846:. Retrieved 841: 818: 814: 793: 779:. Retrieved 759: 755: 734:Chimbos 1999 729: 717: 705: 663: 651: 639: 627: 600: 573: 561: 519: 507: 495: 483: 471: 459: 423: 419:Tsaous Anton 402: 397:Vlach Legion 381: 377:Soviet Union 340: 303: 299:Thessaloniki 278: 252: 224:Metaxas Line 217: 199: 195: 191: 183: 179: 167: 165: 132:(1941–1943) 112:(1941–1943) 62:Thessaloniki 58:Headquarters 3240:Dekemvriana 3206: [ 3181:Prelude to 3126:Papanikolis 3099:Sacred Band 3003:Wadi Akarit 2993:Mareth Line 2864:Eddie Myers 2513:Fardykambos 2345:Front (EAM) 2331:Free Greece 2277:Xhemil Dino 2051: [ 1964:Kallikratis 1860: [ 1848: [ 1845:Ivan Markov 1804: [ 1715:Hubert Lanz 1651:Leaders and 1350:Thermopylae 1074:Morava–Ivan 257:Venizelists 160:(1941–1943) 3488:Categories 3215:Red Terror 3008:Dodecanese 2998:El Alamein 2903:Operations 2823:Atrocities 2762:Operations 2562:Atrocities 2548:Agorelitsa 2476:Operations 2327:Resistance 2295:Paramythia 2288:Atrocities 2121:government 2083:Zvi Koretz 2003:Chortiatis 1968:Kali Sykia 1882:Atrocities 1818:XXVI Corps 1747:Max Merten 1089:Trebeshina 743:References 656:Close 1995 620:Close 1995 512:Close 1995 500:Close 1995 476:Close 1995 393:Yugoslavia 389:Mihailović 356:Chalkidiki 334:(EDES) in 253:Eleutheria 214:Background 3183:Civil War 3170:civil war 3028:Santorini 2799:Xirovouni 2752:others... 2579:Meligalas 1983:Kleisoura 1944:Mesovouno 1929:Domenikon 1919:Lingiades 1914:Kalavryta 1899:Alikianos 1889:Kondomari 1796:11th Army 1642:Occupying 1293:11th Army 919:145501714 911:1360-8746 844:: 173–188 776:220874784 290:Comintern 286:George II 284:and King 275:Operation 261:Communist 245:Belomorie 237:Macedonia 208:civil war 158:Wehrmacht 146:Opponents 135:Wehrmacht 72:Macedonia 53:1941–1944 3119:Katsonis 2978:in exile 2272:Këshilla 2038:DEGRIGES 2012:Economic 1894:Kandanos 1837:Bulgaria 1653:commands 1288:9th Army 1099:Hill 731 957:(2002). 941:: 64–103 880:21 March 154:EAM-ELAS 150:Bulgaria 83:Ideology 3345:Museums 3336:Ohi Day 2846: ( 2804:Trahili 2503:Meritsa 1973:Anogeia 1959:Viannos 1954:Vorizia 1934:Drakeia 1924:Distomo 1909:Kommeno 1668:Germany 1572:Germany 1454:Germany 1364:Leaders 1323:Battles 1110:Leaders 1069:Saranda 1047:Battles 361:Nigrita 313:of the 106:Part of 38:Leaders 3329:Events 3261:People 3191:Events 3112:Adrias 3037:People 3018:Rimini 2857:People 2814:Dodona 2809:Menina 2731:Apollo 2609:People 2584:Kilkis 2543:Steiri 2353:People 2255:Ohrana 2129:People 1978:Kedros 1949:Pyrgoi 1904:Doxato 1644:powers 1502:Greece 1379:Greece 1245:Greece 1125:Greece 1079:Himara 1054:Pindus 967:  917:  909:  825:  802:  774:  406:Kozani 344:Kilkis 336:Epirus 141:(1944) 122:Allies 117:(1944) 3210:] 2784:Milia 2518:Porta 2055:] 1864:] 1852:] 1808:] 1764:Italy 1486:Units 1355:Crete 1280:Italy 1230:Units 1184:Italy 945:8 May 931:(PDF) 915:S2CID 863:[ 848:8 May 817:[ 781:8 May 772:S2CID 437:Notes 306:Pella 263:-led 172:Greek 3456:film 3421:film 3407:film 3023:Symi 2488:Ryka 2440:and 2329:and 2031:GWRA 1966:and 1789:and 1733:and 1340:Vevi 1155:and 965:ISBN 947:2016 907:ISSN 882:2021 850:2016 823:ISBN 800:ISBN 783:2016 166:The 98:Size 74:and 2848:SOE 899:doi 869:doi 764:doi 391:in 301:. 200:YVE 184:PAO 3490:: 3208:el 2053:el 1862:bg 1850:bg 1806:it 1729:, 937:. 933:. 913:. 905:. 893:. 770:. 760:40 758:. 754:. 690:^ 675:^ 612:^ 585:^ 546:^ 531:^ 444:^ 363:. 198:, 178:, 174:: 137:, 128:, 2850:) 1002:e 995:t 988:v 973:. 949:. 939:2 921:. 901:: 895:5 884:. 871:: 852:. 831:. 808:. 785:. 766:: 182:( 170:( 20:)

Index

Defenders of Northern Greece
Spyros Spiridis
Thessaloniki
Macedonia
Western Thrace
Ideology
Anti-communism
Greek nationalism
Greek Resistance
Hellenic State
Greek government-in-exile
Special Operations Executive
Wehrmacht
Security Battalions
Bulgaria
EAM-ELAS
Wehrmacht
Greek
Axis occupation of Greece
Greek People's Liberation Army
civil war
declared war on Greece
Metaxas Line
Battle of Greece
triple occupation
Macedonia
Western Thrace
Belomorie
Bulgarisation
Venizelists

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