1497:
1374:
1240:
1120:
1663:
1567:
1449:
408:. By the end of the month the conflict between the two group had escalated into a civil war which continued until December. ELAS managed to destroy PAO's armed units, before they managed to regroup in Chalkidiki. In January 1944, the remnant of PAO, consisting of several hundred men, requested aid from the German authorities and they were reformed into collaborationist, counter-insurgency units. Under German direction, PAO took part in operations against ELAS, while attacking the Bulgarian army with the tacit approval of the Germans. From then on PAO operated under the umbrella of the
1759:
1275:
1179:
1532:
1414:
342:
Organization (PAO) and absorbed former members of
National Social Defense (EKA) a small right wing resistance organization. PAO's armed wing was named National Army (ES), it also formed a women's branch called PAOE and youth branch called PAON. PAO also illegally published a newspaper called National Voice (EF), its first edition was published in Thessaloniki on 25 May 1943. Its 500 to 1,000 copies were distributed to young officers. Its other branches likewise published their own newspapers. In the
1832:
399:
or other autonomists. EAM-ELAS constantly viewed any group not belonging to itself with distrust and accused them as "collaborators", but in many cases it was a self-fulfilling prophecy, as ELAS's attacks on the right-wing groups forced the remnants of the latter to make common cause with the
Germans
382:
At the same time, however, ELAS began forcibly disarming smaller non-communist guerrilla groups and either amalgamating them in its own ranks or disbanding them entirely. ELAS justified its action by accusing YBE and other right-wing groups of collaboration with the German occupation authorities, a
321:
failed and the population was subjected to mass reprisals. Hundreds of Greeks were killed, dozens of villages were razed and thousands of people were made refugees. YBE’s persistence with non-violent resistance proved to be unpopular, costing it many defections. In early 1943, agents of the
British
308:
Georgios
Themelis, issued a declaration which stated that whoever fights the Germans is an enemy of Greece. Their pleas fell on deaf ears, as the Germans continued to tolerate if not encourage Bulgarian efforts. YBE then shifted its focus towards smuggling fighters into the Middle East, where they
341:
As part of this effort, the leadership of YBE agreed to embrace armed struggle, forming guerilla bands in rural areas. A parallel increase in Axis atrocities after the entry of
Bulgarian troops into western Macedonia, reinforced their decision. In July 1943, YBE was renamed Panhellenic Liberation
279:
On 10 July 1941, army officers Majors I. Papathanassiou, Th. Barbas, E. Dortas and
Captain Anastasios Sakellaridis founded Defenders of Northern Greece (YBE), a Greek nationalist resistance organization. Its goals were the preservation of the territorial integrity of Greece and the countering any
403:
Consequently, from the moment of PAO's formation, relations with ELAS were strained and no effort was put into combining their operations. PAO managed to gain the support of the
Turkish-speaking Pontic Greeks, who maintained independent resistance networks and were similarly anti-communist. In
416:
in Athens, committing numerous atrocities. Its field commanders Vichos and
Dangoulas signed a declaration, pledging to fight the Allies alongside Germany, while others such as Michalagas wore German army uniforms. Only in eastern Macedonia, which lay inside the Bulgarian occupation zone, were
296:
for the inclusion of Greek
Macedonia into a greater "autonomous Macedonia", which would inevitably fall under Yugoslav or Bulgarian hegemony. Its headquarters were located in the offices of the Prefecture Inspection Service of the General Administration of
3207:
288:. Nevertheless, like most resistance groups at the time, by 1943 did accept vague references to post-war "socialism" and accepted the entry of socialist members into its ranks. The organization it was a fierce opponent of EAM-ELAS, especially given the
1849:
428:
significantly weakened the communists, while the Greek army and gendarmerie were reformed by former members of anti-communist resistance organizations, including former collaborators. The political conflict in Greece continued until the end of the
247:. The Bulgarian language was made compulsory in all administrative matters, as well as in the education and liturgy. Businessmen were forced to accept Bulgarian partners or even hand their property over to Bulgarian control. Efforts to promote
404:
August, ELAS fighters in the area of Kilkis began pressuring PAO insurgents into disarming. When ELAS applied the same tactic on the
Turkish-speaking Pontians, the latter murdered seven regional ELAS commanders in the village of Imera, near
222:, expecting a swift victory but the invasion failed and the Italians were pushed back into Albania. As the war dragged on, on 6 April 1941 Germany was forced to intervene to support its struggling ally. The small Greek force defending the
202:), employing methods of non violent resistance. In 1943, YVE was renamed as the Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO), shifting its focus towards armed struggle. In the August of the same year it came into conflict with
2843:
280:
Bulgarian attempts to absorb Greek Macedonia. Its membership was drawn mostly from the pre-war military and the still functioning state administration, and politically belonged to the right, professing loyalty to the
2097:
358:
region fell under the command of Captain Thanasis Skordas and Lieutenant Vasilis Kiparissis respectively. PAO's main force, consisting of the 19th Battalion, was led by Spyros "Strymonas" Spiridis, stationed around
226:
on the Greco–Bulgarian border was defeated by the better equipped and numerically superior Germans. The German penetration deep into Greece made further resistance at the Albanian front pointless, ending the
2020:
1861:
395:, regarded the Germans as a less serious enemy than the Bulgarians or the Communists". Despite their anti-autonomist ideology PAO never participated in military engagements against the Italian army, the
251:
were also enacted in the German-controlled Greek Macedonia, through the creation of Bulgarian clubs in all major towns. The first resistance organization in northern Greece was founded in May 1941;
2740:
2696:
2527:
367:
was the theater of operations for three bands, commanded by Panagiotis Koutridis, Giorgos Arvanitidis and Lefteris Tsaousidis Tsochos. Most of PAO's membership was composed of western
2730:
1844:
2793:
3528:
2788:
2708:
2573:
1992:
3508:
2456:
304:
YBE hoped to halt Bulgarian encroachment in Macedonia by proving their loyalty to the German authorities and in turn gaining their support. YBE member and prefect of
3371:
2778:
2492:
259:. The group was short-lived, as internal political disagreements and the work of Axis intelligence services suppressed its activities, but bands belonging to the
2047:
2547:
293:
2798:
1982:
1000:
2813:
2542:
2052:
3202:
2783:
1856:
41:
2883:
2487:
2507:
3513:
1009:
418:
1763:
17:
2077:
2437:
2330:
2072:
3498:
2768:
2466:
2266:
2206:
2092:
2042:
1805:
2868:
2537:
2446:
1485:
993:
954:
384:
2461:
3493:
3463:
2750:
3518:
3083:
1544:
968:
826:
3406:
2720:
1436:
889:
Maratzidis, Nikos (2000). "Ethnic Identity, Memory and Political Behaviour: The Case of Turkish-Speaking Pontian Greeks".
752:"Greek Resistance 1941–45: Organization, Achievements and Contributions to the Allied War Efforts Against the Axis Powers"
986:
421:, able to resist ELAS. By June 1944, swelled by officers from PAO and EDES, they were the dominant force in the region.
2342:
803:
264:
840:[The First Round of the Civil War in the German Governed Western Part of Strymonas, September–December 1943].
424:
ELAS remained the dominant resistance organization in the rest of northern Greece until the end of the war. After the
3503:
3361:
3124:
2430:
1599:
372:
268:
203:
2745:
1997:
1594:
1161:
838:"Ο πρώτος γύρος του εμφυλίου πολέμου στη γερμανοκρατούμενη δυτική πλευρά του Στρυμόνα, Σεπτέμβριος-Δεκέμβριος 1943"
751:
331:
2104:
1719:
1022:
3117:
3103:
2735:
2703:
2420:
2216:
2118:
1514:
1509:
1262:
1252:
837:
413:
3400:
2931:
2522:
1707:
3448:
3110:
2847:
2451:
2232:
2140:
2030:
1836:
1579:
1349:
396:
323:
129:
114:
82:
927:
3455:
3420:
2997:
2829:
2532:
2087:
1058:
1734:
3376:
3356:
3131:
3098:
3093:
1987:
1334:
1201:
392:
375:. ELAS' Macedonian units contained numerous eastern Pontic Greeks, who had migrated to Greece via the
330:, an Allied diversionary operation. The British also sought to foster the expansion of the right wing
3523:
2992:
2975:
2963:
2441:
2415:
2410:
1630:
1310:
1073:
314:
281:
232:
187:
125:
3442:
3197:
3058:
2211:
1554:
1549:
1344:
1093:
3068:
3063:
3017:
3012:
2893:
2583:
2064:
1817:
1812:
1536:
1418:
1396:
1152:
1142:
1083:
2299:
2185:
2180:
1967:
1963:
1800:
343:
235:
by Germany, Italy and Bulgaria. Unlike Italy and Germany, Bulgaria did not administer eastern
3366:
3251:
3234:
3141:
3002:
2660:
2512:
2294:
2025:
1888:
1426:
1339:
388:
305:
3414:
3277:
3136:
2888:
2873:
2135:
1898:
1401:
1147:
1088:
347:
1675:
27:
Greek nationalist, anti-communist resistance and collaborationist organization during WWII
8:
3428:
3272:
3214:
3048:
3043:
3007:
2630:
2588:
2578:
2394:
2237:
2201:
2175:
2150:
2002:
1977:
1943:
1938:
1908:
1519:
1386:
1257:
409:
351:
285:
138:
243:
it controlled through Greek collaborators, but annexed the area to form the province of
3219:
3073:
3053:
2675:
2650:
2635:
2247:
2170:
2165:
1928:
1918:
1913:
1893:
1790:
1391:
1137:
1098:
914:
771:
236:
71:
255:(Liberty) united people from across the political spectrum ranging from communists to
3393:
3351:
3292:
3244:
3224:
3027:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2803:
2773:
2670:
2665:
2625:
2620:
2568:
2502:
2497:
2379:
2359:
2242:
1972:
1958:
1953:
1795:
1680:
1584:
1501:
1378:
1292:
1244:
1124:
1068:
1063:
1034:
964:
918:
906:
858:
822:
799:
792:
775:
425:
327:
310:
219:
91:
1690:
2936:
2808:
2389:
2384:
2374:
2364:
2326:
1933:
1923:
1776:
1758:
1726:
1329:
1287:
1279:
1274:
1191:
1183:
1178:
1156:
1078:
1053:
898:
868:
763:
228:
109:
3282:
3229:
3182:
3169:
2878:
2655:
2645:
2640:
2615:
2517:
2160:
1948:
1685:
1354:
1166:
1132:
958:
430:
207:
206:(ELAS), a communist-led resistance organization. PAO was defeated in the ensuing
2552:
1730:
867:] (PhD Thesis) (in Greek). University of Western Macedonia. pp. 1–355.
2482:
2369:
2155:
2145:
1771:
1739:
1702:
1531:
1413:
1196:
767:
364:
318:
240:
171:
87:
75:
902:
865:
The participation and activity of women in the National Resistance (1941-1944)
3487:
3287:
3267:
2725:
2259:
1466:
1431:
1211:
978:
910:
368:
248:
2716:
Defenders of Northern Greece (YVE)/Panhellenic Liberation Organization (PAO)
3435:
3022:
1868:
1786:
1781:
1695:
1667:
1662:
1589:
1571:
1566:
1471:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1216:
1206:
376:
298:
223:
190:. It was founded in 1941 by a group of Greek army officers, under the name
61:
873:
3239:
2863:
2276:
1714:
2271:
2082:
1746:
815:Στέμμα και σβάστικα, η Ελλάδα της Κατοχής και της Αντίστασης, 1941-1944
598:
355:
256:
860:Η συμμετοχή και η δράση της γυναίκας στην Εθνική Αντίσταση (1941-1944)
678:
676:
289:
244:
157:
134:
379:
and become influenced by the latter in their political convictions.
2037:
1831:
153:
149:
673:
559:
3335:
588:
586:
360:
210:
and its remnants turned towards collaboration with the Germans.
2457:
Organization for the Protection of the People's Struggle (OPLA)
2254:
1903:
1496:
1373:
1239:
1119:
819:
Crown and Swastika, Greece of the Occupation and the Resistance
405:
335:
693:
691:
583:
571:
549:
547:
534:
532:
447:
445:
493:
387:, "there was some justice because Greek nationalists, like
2691:
2425:
715:
703:
688:
231:
in the favor of the Axis Powers. Greece was subjected to a
727:
544:
529:
457:
442:
3372:
Museum of the Battle of Crete and the National Resistance
517:
260:
3167:
2974:
821:] (in Greek). Vol. II. Athens: Papazissis Ed.
661:
637:
625:
615:
613:
481:
469:
417:
nationalist resistance organizations, chiefly that of
3529:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
842:
The Civil Wars: Local Aspects of the Greek Civil War
649:
610:
186:)), was a Greek resistance organization against the
3180:
371:, who had settled in northern Greece following the
3509:Bulgarian occupation of Greece during World War II
2462:Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF)
791:
505:
2438:Political Committee of National Liberation (PEEA)
3485:
2467:Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany (AKFD)
2207:Hellenic Socialist Patriotic Organisation (ESPO)
1629:
2447:United Panhellenic Organization of Youth (EPON)
835:
682:
604:
565:
2325:
1021:
1008:
756:International Journal of Comparative Sociology
338:and YBE in Macedonia, to counterbalance ELAS.
2962:
994:
856:
709:
592:
577:
538:
463:
433:in 1949, when the communists were defeated.
2721:Panhellenic Union of Fighting Youths (PEAN)
271:(ELAS), continued to emerge in the region.
1001:
987:
925:
888:
697:
553:
451:
383:charge in which, according to SOE officer
354:and Isaac Bechlevanidis. The units in the
176:Πανελλήνιος Απελευθερωτική Οργάνωσις (ΠΑΟ)
2915:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
2774:Gorgopotamos Bridge (Operation "Harling")
2697:National Bands of Greek Guerrillas (EOEA)
953:
872:
812:
721:
667:
643:
631:
523:
487:
2746:Northern Epirus Liberation Front (MAVI)
2692:National Republican Greek League (EDES)
749:
733:
14:
3486:
3514:Greek collaborators with Nazi Germany
3464:What Did You Do in the War, Thanasis?
3317:
3166:
2961:
2704:National and Social Liberation (EKKA)
2431:Greek People's Liberation Navy (ELAN)
2426:Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS)
2324:
1628:
1020:
982:
789:
655:
619:
511:
499:
475:
180:Panellinios Apeleftherotiki Organosis
2736:National Organization of Crete (ΕΟΚ)
2508:Protests against labour mobilization
194:(Υπερασπισταί Βορείου Ελλάδος, YBE;
2925:Asopos Bridge (Operation "Washing")
891:South European Society and Politics
168:Panhellenic Liberation Organization
33:Panhellenic Liberation Organization
24:
960:The Struggle for Greece, 1941-1949
794:The Origins of the Greek Civil War
326:(SOE) landed in Greece to execute
25:
3540:
3318:
2421:Union of People's Democracy (ELD)
963:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
935:Modern and Contemporary Macedonia
373:Greco-Turkish population exchange
3499:1944 disestablishments in Greece
1830:
1757:
1661:
1565:
1530:
1495:
1447:
1412:
1372:
1273:
1238:
1177:
1118:
1023:1940–1941 Balkans Campaign
332:National Republican Greek League
2416:Socialist Party of Greece (SKE)
2411:Communist Party of Greece (KKE)
2105:Rescue of the Jews of Zakynthos
955:Woodhouse, Christopher Montague
857:Kypouropoulou, Georgia (2014).
836:Hatzianastasiou, Tasos (2001).
2217:Greek National Socialist Party
2212:National Union of Greece (EEE)
1515:Central Macedonia Army Section
1510:Eastern Macedonia Army Section
1263:Western Macedonia Army Section
269:Greek People's Liberation Army
204:Greek People's Liberation Army
13:
1:
3494:1941 establishments in Greece
2932:Kidnapping of Heinrich Kreipe
742:
350:members Aiantas Tsamaloukas,
317:. In September, the ELAS-led
213:
3519:Thessaloniki in World War II
2794:Execution of Josef Salminger
1631:Occupation and collaboration
926:Stefanidis, Yiannis (1992).
324:Special Operations Executive
274:
196:Yperaspistai Voreiou Ellados
192:Defenders of Northern Greece
130:Special Operations Executive
18:Defenders of Northern Greece
7:
3168:Liberation and road to the
2830:Expulsion of Cham Albanians
2088:Jewish cemetery of Salonica
1939:Cephalonia (Acqui Division)
414:collaborationist government
346:area, PAO was commanded by
10:
3545:
3401:Captain Corelli's Mandolin
3357:Holocaust Museum of Greece
1993:Larissa concentration camp
1988:Haidari concentration camp
1202:Sebastiano Visconti Prasca
1010:Greece during World War II
798:. Addison-Wesley Longman.
768:10.1177/002071529904000204
218:On 28 October 1940, Italy
3385:
3362:Kalavryta Massacre Museum
3344:
3328:
3324:
3313:
3260:
3190:
3176:
3162:
3082:
3036:
2985:
2970:
2964:Greek government-in-exile
2957:
2902:
2856:
2842:
2822:
2761:
2684:
2608:
2601:
2574:5/42 Regiment dissolution
2561:
2475:
2403:
2352:
2341:
2337:
2320:
2287:
2225:
2194:
2128:
2117:
2098:Expropriation of property
2073:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
2063:
2011:
1881:
1828:
1755:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1624:
1563:
1528:
1493:
1484:
1445:
1410:
1370:
1363:
1322:
1309:
1271:
1236:
1229:
1175:
1116:
1109:
1046:
1033:
1029:
1016:
903:10.1080/13608740508539614
813:Fleischer, Hagen (1995).
315:Greek government-in-exile
282:Greek government in exile
265:National Liberation Front
188:Axis occupation of Greece
175:
145:
126:Greek government-in-exile
121:
105:
97:
81:
67:
57:
47:
37:
32:
3504:Anti-communism in Greece
3443:The 11th Day: Crete 1941
3198:National Bands Agreement
3059:Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
2844:British Military Mission
2452:National Solidarity (EA)
2021:Greek economy, 1941–1944
1735:Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller
1550:2nd New Zealand Division
1094:Italian spring offensive
928:"Macedonia in the 1940s"
790:Close, David H. (1995).
607:, pp. 173–178, 181.
502:, pp. xiv, 94, 104.
436:
3377:Thessaloniki War Museum
3069:Christodoulos Tsigantes
3064:Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos
2894:Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz
1555:6th Australian Division
1397:Konstantinos Bakopoulos
1143:Charalambos Katsimitros
750:Chimbos, Peter (1999).
2553:Killing of Franz Krech
2300:Executions of Kokkinia
2186:Dionysios Papadongonas
2181:Ioannis Plytzanopoulos
1595:1st Parachute Division
1314:(April–May 1941)
1162:Dimitrios Papadopoulos
220:declared war on Greece
101:Several hundred (1944)
3278:Archbishop Damaskinos
3235:Percentages agreement
2661:Konstantinos Ventiris
2048:Occupation Reichsmark
1600:5th Mountain Division
1427:Henry Maitland Wilson
1253:8th Infantry Division
3450:The Guns of Navarone
3415:Ill Met by Moonlight
3094:3rd Mountain Brigade
2889:George Psychoundakis
2874:Patrick Leigh Fermor
2538:Pinerolo disarmament
2136:Georgios Tsolakoglou
1545:1st Armoured Brigade
1537:British Commonwealth
1419:British Commonwealth
1402:Georgios Tsolakoglou
1148:Konstantinos Davakis
683:Hatzianastasiou 2001
605:Hatzianastasiou 2001
566:Hatzianastasiou 2001
348:Hellenic Gendarmerie
3429:Ipolochagos Natassa
3273:Georgios Papandreou
3049:Emmanouil Tsouderos
2920:Operation "Animals"
2910:Operation "Albumen"
2631:Komninos Pyromaglou
2589:Red Terror (Greece)
2533:1943 Athens protest
2498:Gorgopotamos Bridge
2395:Evripidis Bakirtzis
2343:National Liberation
2238:Alcibiades Diamandi
2202:Security Battalions
2176:George S. Mercouris
2151:Sotirios Gotzamanis
2093:Baron Hirsch ghetto
1720:XXII Mountain Corps
1520:Epirus Army Section
1258:Epirus Army Section
874:10.12681/eadd/35089
736:, pp. 254–255.
685:, pp. 178–188.
568:, pp. 173–174.
410:Security Battalions
352:Konstantinos Mitsou
292:'s well publicized
139:Security Battalions
68:Active regions
3367:Kalpaki War Museum
3220:Lebanon Conference
3086:in the Middle East
3084:Greek Armed Forces
3074:Pafsanias Katsotas
3054:Sofoklis Venizelos
2741:Hellenic Army (ES)
2676:Kimonas Zografakis
2651:Vasileios Sachinis
2636:Antonis Fosteridis
2602:Non-EAM resistance
2267:Cham collaboration
2248:Vassilis Rapotikas
2171:Nikolaos Bourantas
2166:Friedrich Schubert
2141:K. Logothetopoulos
1791:Carlo Vecchiarelli
1392:Alexandros Papagos
1138:Alexandros Papagos
724:, pp. 50, 66.
710:Kypouropoulou 2014
593:Kypouropoulou 2014
578:Kypouropoulou 2014
539:Kypouropoulou 2014
478:, pp. 64, 95.
464:Kypouropoulou 2014
49:Dates of operation
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3394:Aera! Aera! Aera!
3352:Athens War Museum
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3293:Nikos Zachariadis
3245:Treaty of Varkiza
3230:Operation "Manna"
3225:Caserta Agreement
3158:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3013:April 1944 mutiny
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2879:Bill Stanley Moss
2838:
2837:
2789:Skala Paramythias
2666:Manolis Paterakis
2626:Dimitrios Psarros
2621:Georgios Kartalis
2597:
2596:
2569:Feneos executions
2380:Alexandros Svolos
2360:Aris Velouchiotis
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2243:Nicolaos Matussis
2113:
2112:
1998:200 of Kaisariani
1877:
1876:
1708:LXVIII Army Corps
1681:Hermann Neubacher
1676:Günther Altenburg
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1585:XXXX Panzer Corps
1480:
1479:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1225:
1224:
1038:(1940–1941)
1035:Greco-Italian War
970:978-1-85065-492-6
828:978-960-02-1079-8
700:, pp. 68–72.
595:, pp. 68–69.
580:, pp. 66–67.
556:, pp. 64–66.
526:, pp. 49–50.
454:, pp. 64–95.
426:Treaty of Varkiza
412:organized by the
328:Operation Animals
311:Free Greek Forces
309:were to join the
239:and the parts of
233:triple occupation
164:
163:
92:Greek nationalism
16:(Redirected from
3536:
3524:Greek Resistance
3326:
3325:
3315:
3314:
3211:
3188:
3187:
3178:
3177:
3164:
3163:
2983:
2982:
2976:Greek government
2972:
2971:
2959:
2958:
2937:Damasta sabotage
2854:
2853:
2606:
2605:
2442:National Council
2390:Markos Vafeiadis
2385:Ilias Tsirimokos
2375:Georgios Siantos
2365:Stefanos Sarafis
2350:
2349:
2339:
2338:
2322:
2321:
2126:
2125:
2119:Collaborationist
2056:
1865:
1853:
1835:
1834:
1809:
1777:Pellegrino Ghigi
1762:
1761:
1727:Alexander Andrae
1666:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1639:
1638:
1626:
1625:
1580:XVIII Army Corps
1570:
1569:
1535:
1534:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1452:
1451:
1437:Bernard Freyberg
1417:
1416:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1330:Operation Lustre
1320:
1319:
1315:
1278:
1277:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1192:Benito Mussolini
1182:
1181:
1157:Ioannis Pitsikas
1123:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1018:
1017:
1003:
996:
989:
980:
979:
974:
950:
948:
946:
932:
922:
885:
883:
881:
876:
853:
851:
849:
832:
809:
797:
786:
784:
782:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
686:
680:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
641:
635:
629:
623:
617:
608:
602:
596:
590:
581:
575:
569:
563:
557:
551:
542:
536:
527:
521:
515:
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
479:
473:
467:
461:
455:
449:
229:Battle of Greece
177:
110:Greek Resistance
50:
30:
29:
21:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3469:
3386:Popular culture
3381:
3340:
3320:
3297:
3283:Georgios Grivas
3256:
3205:
3203:Plaka agreement
3172:
3146:
3085:
3078:
3032:
2977:
2966:
2941:
2898:
2869:Monty Woodhouse
2834:
2818:
2757:
2680:
2656:Lela Karagianni
2646:Ilias Degiannis
2641:Kostas Perrikos
2616:Napoleon Zervas
2593:
2557:
2528:Kournovo Tunnel
2471:
2399:
2344:
2333:
2304:
2283:
2221:
2190:
2161:Georgios Poulos
2120:
2109:
2059:
2050:
2043:Compulsory loan
2013:
2007:
1873:
1859:
1857:Trifon Trifonov
1847:
1829:
1824:
1813:VIII Army Corps
1803:
1756:
1751:
1686:Walter Schimana
1660:
1652:
1643:
1633:
1604:
1564:
1559:
1529:
1524:
1494:
1476:
1446:
1441:
1411:
1406:
1371:
1359:
1313:
1312:
1311:German invasion
1297:
1272:
1267:
1237:
1221:
1176:
1171:
1167:Georgios Kosmas
1133:Ioannis Metaxas
1117:
1105:
1037:
1036:
1025:
1012:
1007:
977:
971:
944:
942:
930:
879:
877:
847:
845:
829:
806:
780:
778:
745:
740:
732:
728:
720:
716:
708:
704:
698:Maratzidis 2000
696:
689:
681:
674:
666:
662:
654:
650:
642:
638:
630:
626:
618:
611:
603:
599:
591:
584:
576:
572:
564:
560:
554:Stefanidis 1992
552:
545:
537:
530:
522:
518:
510:
506:
498:
494:
486:
482:
474:
470:
462:
458:
452:Stefanidis 1992
450:
443:
439:
431:Greek Civil War
385:Chris Woodhouse
294:pre-war support
277:
216:
156:
152:
133:
113:
90:
48:
42:Spyros Spiridis
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3542:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3397:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3332:
3330:
3322:
3321:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3185:
3174:
3173:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3142:336th Squadron
3139:
3137:335th Squadron
3134:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3105:Vasilissa Olga
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3044:King George II
3040:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2986:Events/Battles
2980:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2884:Themis Marinos
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2851:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2671:Petrakogiorgis
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2483:Drama uprising
2479:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2370:Andreas Tzimas
2367:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2347:
2335:
2334:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2156:Georgios Bakos
2153:
2148:
2146:Ioannis Rallis
2143:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2123:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1854:
1841:
1839:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1801:III Army Corps
1798:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1772:Angelico Carta
1768:
1766:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1740:Fortress Crete
1724:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1703:Hellmuth Felmy
1700:
1699:
1698:
1691:Alexander Löhr
1688:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1654:
1645:
1635:
1634:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1387:King George II
1383:
1381:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1345:Kleisoura Pass
1342:
1337:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1317:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1282:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1249:
1247:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1197:Galeazzo Ciano
1194:
1188:
1186:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1041:
1027:
1026:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1005:
998:
991:
983:
976:
975:
969:
951:
923:
886:
854:
833:
827:
810:
805:978-0582064713
804:
787:
762:(2): 251–269.
746:
744:
741:
739:
738:
726:
722:Woodhouse 2002
714:
702:
687:
672:
668:Woodhouse 2002
660:
658:, p. 104.
648:
644:Woodhouse 2002
636:
632:Woodhouse 2002
624:
622:, p. 114.
609:
597:
582:
570:
558:
543:
528:
524:Woodhouse 2002
516:
504:
492:
488:Woodhouse 2002
480:
468:
456:
440:
438:
435:
400:against ELAS.
365:Western Thrace
319:Drama uprising
276:
273:
267:(EAM) and its
241:Western Thrace
215:
212:
162:
161:
147:
143:
142:
123:
119:
118:
115:Hellenic State
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
88:Anti-communism
85:
79:
78:
76:Western Thrace
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
51:
45:
44:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3541:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:Commemoration
3316:
3312:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3288:Angelos Evert
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:Ronald Scobie
3266:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:13th Squadron
3130:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Prometheus II
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:5/42 Regiment
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:Organizations
2683:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:Organizations
2402:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2260:Andon Kalchev
2258:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:Secessionists
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:Organizations
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
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2065:The Holocaust
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1467:Sepp Dietrich
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1212:Ugo Cavallero
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1153:Markos Drakos
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1064:Korytsa/Korcë
1062:
1060:
1059:Elaia–Kalamas
1057:
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712:, p. 69.
711:
706:
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692:
684:
679:
677:
670:, p. 66.
669:
664:
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645:
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633:
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541:, p. 66.
540:
535:
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514:, p. 19.
513:
508:
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496:
490:, p. 28.
489:
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472:
466:, p. 65.
465:
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369:Pontic Greeks
366:
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249:Bulgarisation
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52:
46:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3462:
3449:
3441:
3436:Mediterraneo
3434:
3427:
3413:
3399:
3392:
3252:White Terror
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
2779:Agia Kyriaki
2769:ESPO bombing
2751:
2715:
2523:Sarantaporos
2493:Mikro Chorio
2233:Roman Legion
2078:Thessaloniki
2026:Great Famine
2014:exploitation
1869:Asen Sirakov
1787:Carlo Geloso
1782:Piero Parini
1731:Bruno Bräuer
1696:Army Group E
1590:Luftflotte 4
1472:Kurt Student
1462:Wilhelm List
1335:Metaxas Line
1217:Carlo Geloso
1207:Ubaldo Soddu
1084:Klisura Pass
959:
943:. Retrieved
938:
934:
897:(3): 56–69.
894:
890:
878:. Retrieved
864:
859:
846:. Retrieved
841:
818:
814:
793:
779:. Retrieved
759:
755:
734:Chimbos 1999
729:
717:
705:
663:
651:
639:
627:
600:
573:
561:
519:
507:
495:
483:
471:
459:
423:
419:Tsaous Anton
402:
397:Vlach Legion
381:
377:Soviet Union
340:
303:
299:Thessaloniki
278:
252:
224:Metaxas Line
217:
199:
195:
191:
183:
179:
167:
165:
132:(1941–1943)
112:(1941–1943)
62:Thessaloniki
58:Headquarters
3240:Dekemvriana
3206: [
3181:Prelude to
3126:Papanikolis
3099:Sacred Band
3003:Wadi Akarit
2993:Mareth Line
2864:Eddie Myers
2513:Fardykambos
2345:Front (EAM)
2331:Free Greece
2277:Xhemil Dino
2051: [
1964:Kallikratis
1860: [
1848: [
1845:Ivan Markov
1804: [
1715:Hubert Lanz
1651:Leaders and
1350:Thermopylae
1074:Morava–Ivan
257:Venizelists
160:(1941–1943)
3488:Categories
3215:Red Terror
3008:Dodecanese
2998:El Alamein
2903:Operations
2823:Atrocities
2762:Operations
2562:Atrocities
2548:Agorelitsa
2476:Operations
2327:Resistance
2295:Paramythia
2288:Atrocities
2121:government
2083:Zvi Koretz
2003:Chortiatis
1968:Kali Sykia
1882:Atrocities
1818:XXVI Corps
1747:Max Merten
1089:Trebeshina
743:References
656:Close 1995
620:Close 1995
512:Close 1995
500:Close 1995
476:Close 1995
393:Yugoslavia
389:Mihailović
356:Chalkidiki
334:(EDES) in
253:Eleutheria
214:Background
3183:Civil War
3170:civil war
3028:Santorini
2799:Xirovouni
2752:others...
2579:Meligalas
1983:Kleisoura
1944:Mesovouno
1929:Domenikon
1919:Lingiades
1914:Kalavryta
1899:Alikianos
1889:Kondomari
1796:11th Army
1642:Occupying
1293:11th Army
919:145501714
911:1360-8746
844:: 173–188
776:220874784
290:Comintern
286:George II
284:and King
275:Operation
261:Communist
245:Belomorie
237:Macedonia
208:civil war
158:Wehrmacht
146:Opponents
135:Wehrmacht
72:Macedonia
53:1941–1944
3119:Katsonis
2978:in exile
2272:Këshilla
2038:DEGRIGES
2012:Economic
1894:Kandanos
1837:Bulgaria
1653:commands
1288:9th Army
1099:Hill 731
957:(2002).
941:: 64–103
880:21 March
154:EAM-ELAS
150:Bulgaria
83:Ideology
3345:Museums
3336:Ohi Day
2846: (
2804:Trahili
2503:Meritsa
1973:Anogeia
1959:Viannos
1954:Vorizia
1934:Drakeia
1924:Distomo
1909:Kommeno
1668:Germany
1572:Germany
1454:Germany
1364:Leaders
1323:Battles
1110:Leaders
1069:Saranda
1047:Battles
361:Nigrita
313:of the
106:Part of
38:Leaders
3329:Events
3261:People
3191:Events
3112:Adrias
3037:People
3018:Rimini
2857:People
2814:Dodona
2809:Menina
2731:Apollo
2609:People
2584:Kilkis
2543:Steiri
2353:People
2255:Ohrana
2129:People
1978:Kedros
1949:Pyrgoi
1904:Doxato
1644:powers
1502:Greece
1379:Greece
1245:Greece
1125:Greece
1079:Himara
1054:Pindus
967:
917:
909:
825:
802:
774:
406:Kozani
344:Kilkis
336:Epirus
141:(1944)
122:Allies
117:(1944)
3210:]
2784:Milia
2518:Porta
2055:]
1864:]
1852:]
1808:]
1764:Italy
1486:Units
1355:Crete
1280:Italy
1230:Units
1184:Italy
945:8 May
931:(PDF)
915:S2CID
863:[
848:8 May
817:[
781:8 May
772:S2CID
437:Notes
306:Pella
263:-led
172:Greek
3456:film
3421:film
3407:film
3023:Symi
2488:Ryka
2440:and
2329:and
2031:GWRA
1966:and
1789:and
1733:and
1340:Vevi
1155:and
965:ISBN
947:2016
907:ISSN
882:2021
850:2016
823:ISBN
800:ISBN
783:2016
166:The
98:Size
74:and
2848:SOE
899:doi
869:doi
764:doi
391:in
301:.
200:YVE
184:PAO
3490::
3208:el
2053:el
1862:bg
1850:bg
1806:it
1729:,
937:.
933:.
913:.
905:.
893:.
770:.
760:40
758:.
754:.
690:^
675:^
612:^
585:^
546:^
531:^
444:^
363:.
198:,
178:,
174::
137:,
128:,
2850:)
1002:e
995:t
988:v
973:.
949:.
939:2
921:.
901::
895:5
884:.
871::
852:.
831:.
808:.
785:.
766::
182:(
170:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.