335:. DA provides a 30-item questionnaire to help people determine if they are spending compulsively, each item is a sign of compulsive spending. Answering yes to three or more of these questions indicates compulsive spending. Although compulsive spenders may not actually be in debt, if they have a desire to avoid incurring unsecured debt, they are welcome in DA. Codependent debtors incur unsecured debt to pay for another persons' compulsive spending.
787:(NCNW) in New York City. They began as a group of 37 participants who had attended credit education classes at the NCNW offices. The NCNW Debtors Anonymous members had four goals: (1) Develop individual budgets and report regularly at group meetings on progress and problems; (2) Select and work with a buddy for mutual support and as a safeguard against spending urges; (3) Educate themselves and fellow members about
232:: "DA" and "Debtors Anonymous" replaces "AA" and "Alcoholics Anonymous", "debt" replaces "alcoholism", "compulsive debtors" replaces "alcoholics", "incurring unsecured debt" replaces "drinking", and "debtor" replaces "alcoholic." In 2002, DA published a list of 12 promises similar to the 12 promises appearing on pages 83–84 of
517:
owed, spent and earned, including recording any part of a debt that has been paid. Members use different methods to keep their numbers, a simple approach is to carry a small notebook and record numbers in it daily. Daily records are used to create monthly spending records with income and expenditures
207:
In early 1971, the group members came to believe that incurring unsecured debt was the threshold of their disease and committed to a rigorous twelve-step approach to prevent incurring further unsecured debt. The original group disbanded and meetings were not consistently held again until 1976, when a
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or otherwise make it easier to repay the debt. Debt-shifting is not discussed in official DA literature, although it is discussed in an unofficial auxiliary book based on DA principles. Because DA does not take an official position on bankruptcy and debt-shifting, some groups take stronger positions
711:
states "regular attendance at meetings is an important part of recovery–it is vital for compulsive debtors–and especially for newcomers." Differences between DA meetings and DA members at the same meeting can, however, hinder one in adopting a new world view. As DA's practices are only suggested and
537:
Accompanying a "real" spending plan is an "ideal" spending plan, detailing what one's finances would look like in an ideal universe, how much money one would earn, and how it would be spent. The ideal spending plan focuses efforts on increasing income and following a vision for the future. DA avoids
533:
Spending records are used to create spending plans. A spending plan is essentially a list of all goods and services to buy in a given month. Members regularly review their spending plans and assess whether items and amounts in the plan are reasonable. The spending plan puts the member's needs ahead
480:
in life. For this reason, DA encourages members to develop "vision," the ability to form a clear and specific picture of what they want to do in life. Visions are discovered by abstaining from incurring unsecured debt, following the Twelve Steps and using the Twelve Tools. Ignoring one's vision is
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explains that bankruptcy is an "outside issue," an issue on which DA has no opinion. The pamphlet elaborates, however, that some DA members found bankruptcy only provided a "quick fix" and did not correct the underlying issues causing them to incur unsecured debt. The pamphlet also notes other DA
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when a debtor cannot put his or her needs first and continue to making debt payments. Before taking a debt moratorium, DA suggests checking with one's sponsor, pressure relief group, and to contact one's creditors to explain the situation. If a creditor threatens to take legal action under these
574:
should not injure the debtor or the creditor. The goal in repaying creditors is to do so while living well. DA members find their ability to pay their creditors improves when they take care of themselves. Payments to creditors should be consistent and manageable. In this way, members are able to
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DA encourages members, after several weeks participation, to organize "pressure relief meetings." In these meetings, a newer member invites two veteran members (with at least 90 days of abstinence, typically a male and a female) to review his or her financial records in detail and give practical
595:(based on the amount of money owed to the creditor divided by the total liabilities). Creditors should not be given special treatment because they harass a debtor with greater frequency than other creditors. One may, however, give preference to creditors charging higher interest rates,
299:
encompassing many different types of behavior from "incurring unsecured debt to compulsive shopping, from grandiose thinking to deprivation mentality." Members must decide for themselves whether or not they are compulsive debtors. To help them with the decision, DA provides a 15-item
239:
Official DA literature is either approved by the DA General
Service Board (GSB) or by vote at a DA annual World Service Conference, based on whether it is service literature (related to the functioning of DA groups) or recovery literature (all other DA literature). Such literature is
338:
Underearners are people with viable skills who are psychologically incapable of earning enough money to support themselves without incurring unsecured debt. DA provides a list of 12 signs that are symptomatic of compulsive underearning. Underearning can lead to become a "compulsive
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DA recommends recording each payment made to a creditor, noting the original amount of the debt, the date the payment was made, the amount of the payment, and the remaining balance. Further, DA advises keeping a record of retired debts to record the date each debt was fully paid.
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One might begin making a debt repayment plan by categorizing secured and unsecured debt, including the name of the creditor, the total amount owed, when the amount will be paid off, and the current monthly payment. For each debt one would list the current balance,
542:, as its connotation may imply rigid categories. A spending plan is designed such that one has the best possible life under their present financial circumstances. Spending plans are flexible and convey that there are options, that one chooses how to spend money.
343:," a term describing people who are consistently broke and in financial crisis. A related term, "financial anorexia," describes "someone who takes inordinate amounts of pride in having few financial needs and is more comfortable living in deprivation." Financial
551:
advice. These occur outside of regular meetings, and are a way for members to receive suggestions from each other. The member organizing the group typically brings his or her spending records, and a list of issues that he or she would like assistance with.
295:. As such, "compulsive debting" cannot be cured, although it can be arrested. Compulsive debtors are those who cannot control their debt, as a consequence their debt causes growing and continuing problems in their lives. "Compulsive debting" is also an
395:. An overestimation may result in incurring unsecured debt. "Clarity" is the opposite of vagueness, requiring a clear picture of how much money one has and owes, at any given time. DA encourages "awareness" of the cultural pervasiveness of debt and
667:
of indebtedness. He found that social labeling (labeling of members by other people) and self-labeling (members labeling themselves) is a widespread practice in twelve-step groups, and pointed out that the First Step in DA requires one to admit
712:
not required, one may pick and choose which parts of DA to adhere to or follow. This approach, however, is tolerated to different degrees within different groups. A group's rigidity or flexibility related to DA's suggested practices may hinder
347:, while they may find it difficult to spend money on themselves, are not necessarily underearning. Although compulsive underearners may not actually be in debt, if they have a desire to avoid incurring unsecured debt, they are welcome in DA.
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of the creditors and should not cause one to incur unsecured debt. Spending plans should include categories for income and debt repayment. Unless one is having trouble meeting very basic needs, it should also include a category for savings.
427:. "Self-debting" manifests in various ways such as taking drastic measures to hide evidence of problems with money or debt, paying creditors to the detriment of one's needs, or even spending excessive amounts of time managing finances.
414:
with indebtedness can lead to both "emotional indebtedness" and "self-debting." "Self-debting" is the inability to identify or fulfill personal needs because of such preoccupations, whereas emotional indebtedness is the accompanying
575:
offer detailed rationale for their debt repayment schedule, allowing for empowered and functional negotiation with creditors. In this spirit, a certain amount of money is allocated for debt repayment each month whenever possible.
754:
Hayes found that the use of unapproved literature in DA groups has been a source of conflict among members. DA suggests studying AA literature in addition to DA literature to gain a better understanding of
554:"Action plans" are developed during pressure relief meetings based on the suggestions of the other members, a spending plan may also be developed or modified. Actions plans are lists of specific
212:
of St. Stephen's Church in New York City. Within a year, a second group formed and
Debtors Anonymous continued to grow. The first General Service Conference was held in 1987 in the auditorium at
323:
debtors or compulsive underearners. Compulsive spending is a symptom associated with "compulsive debting". Spending money to one's detriment is compulsive spending. Spending money on particular
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laws, and the best prices of goods and services; (4) Set long-term goals and stick with them. Meetings were designed to share information on where to get common products at the best price (
496:
answers "How Does a Person Get
Solvent Through the DA Program?" by explaining that DA brings about a "progressive personality change" within the member. This change is accomplished through
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precisely because it would add a guilt-based component to the curriculum. The stigmatization would, Dickerson argues, change the debtor's economic philosophy and reduce the likelihood of
469:
A belief in an "abundant universe" underlies much of the DA program. Competition is learned from, but not feared, as there are enough resources for everyone. This perspective counters
691:
have argued that DA participation reduces shame, and some, such as Law
Professor A. Michele Dickerson suggested that something like Debtors Anonymous may be a useful addition to
27:
811:, etc.). Group sharing would usually begin after a member gave a short presentation on a topic she had researched for the meeting. Additional groups were formed supported with
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to resolve debts and improve one's financial situation. Members organize pressure relief groups about once a month. In times of crisis, however, they may hold them more often.
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and the amount of money required to support a reasonable quality of life. This amount would then be divided up among the creditors. Ideally, the payment to each creditor is
192:
founded an organization named Penny
Pinchers, which they later renamed Capital Builders. The founding members believed their financial problems stemmed from an inability to
587:
per month, and include a blank column for the "actual" payment. The amount of the actual payment would be determined from one's spending plan, after subtracting necessary
570:
history including a list of current outstanding debts. Similarly, the Ninth Step includes monetary debt repayment. Following the language of the Ninth Step, however, the
387:
The phrase "terminal vagueness" describes a characteristic of compulsive debtors, a systematic avoidance of monitoring finances–including avoiding communication with
157:
of forty-six members of DA Hayes found many of the members interviewed only partially accept the ideology of the organization and that parts of DA's program, such as
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separated into specific categories (e.g. rent, groceries, phone, entertainment, etc.). The purpose of these records is to increase clarity, cutting through any
364:
360:
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payments—to get a clear picture of spending habits. This information is used to develop healthier spending practices, supporting one in keeping a reasonable
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271:, a description of compulsive getting into debt, a brief history of DA, and 38 stories written by DA members explaining how DA has affected their lives.
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similar to "self-debting", it may result in physical or emotional distress, or preoccupation with other people's lives rather than focusing on oneself.
631:, sociologist Terrell A. Hayes found and surveyed 46 DA members from July 1993 to June 1995. 42 of the members surveyed were attending meetings in the
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to ease this process for their members as changes in world view are generally accompanied by significant behavioral changes. For example, the pamphlet
371:, a condition similar to "compulsive debting", or any other spending-related issues as diagnostic categories. The DSM-IV-TR did contain a category for
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236:. DA's original literature also includes the Twelve Tools of Debtors Anonymous, a list of practices to recover from compulsive getting into debt.
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after making a decision not to, or having a desire not to, is also compulsive spending. Compulsive spending is often done to avoid uncomfortable
1925:
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Practicing the Fourth Step of the DA's Twelve Steps includes not only a moral inventory of personal characteristics but also an inventory of
104:. Collectively they attend more than 500 weekly meetings in fifteen countries, according to data released in 2011. Those who compulsively
2576:
Sarra, Janis P.; Sarra, Danielle (7 May 2009). "Accessing
Insolvent Consumer Debtors, Challenges and Strategies for Empirical Research".
450:. If a member has abstained from incurring unsecured debt for a day, he or she is "solvent" for that day. Solvency, in this sense, is a
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213:
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639:. An analysis of the data Hayes collected revealed specific parts of DA hindered acceptance of DA's overall ideology. These included:
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than others and the inability to identify with experiences of other members, interferes with the world view transformation process.
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an anti-government organization naming itself the
National Association of Debtors Anonymous formed. Later, this group merged with
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304:(most compulsive debtors will answer yes to eight or more of the questions) and a list of 12 signs of "compulsive debting". An
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Debtors
Anonymous is fundamentally an organization to facilitate recovery from "compulsive debting." "Compulsive debting" is a
372:
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820:
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2054:
1998:
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1776:
Brazer, Leonard (2000). "Chapter 17: Psychoeducational Group
Therapy for Money Disorders". In Benson, April Lane (ed.).
2111:
2369:
Levine, Betsy; Kellen, Bonnie (2000). "Chapter 18: Debtors
Anonymous and Psychotherapy". In Benson, April Lane (ed.).
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63:
Australia, Bali, Brazil, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States, Spain, Argentina
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717:
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Hayes, Terrell A (2001–2002). "Potential Obstacles to Worldview Transformations: Findings From Debtors Anonymous".
356:
624:
1749:
Benson, April Lane; Bengler, Marie (2004). "Chapter 14: Treating Compulsive Buying". In Coombs, Robert H. (ed.).
784:
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Debtors Anonymous groups, independent of those already meeting in New York, were formed in the late 1970s by the
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among indebted people, and that labeling a person as having a problem with debt therefore exposes them to shame.
2104:
The Twelve Steps, Twelve Traditions, and Twelve Concepts of Debtors Anonymous: Thirty-Six Principles of Recovery
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732:
Hayes' analysis also noted issues with the way that bankruptcy and debt-shifting are addressed. DA's pamphlet,
200:. Later they recognized their problems were not caused by an inability to save but rather an inability to stay
2752:
2522:
Ronel, Natti; Libman, Galit (June 2003). "Eating Disorders and Recovery: Lessons from Overeaters Anonymous".
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members believe bankruptcy is a proper course of action in some situations. Debt-shifting is the practice of
523:
1734:
592:
404:
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Social and self-labeling processes in recognizing compulsive indebtedness: findings from Debtors Anonymous
2618:
Williams, Heather (July 2001). "Of Free Trade and Debt Bondage: Fighting Banks and the State in Mexico".
713:
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DA members may identify themselves additionally—or more specifically—as compulsive shoppers or spenders,
139:
while still repaying debt. Similarly, DA recommends developing plans for the future to increase income.
852:
847:
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688:
555:
368:
292:
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Goldman, Ramona (2000). "Chapter 11: Compulsive Buying as an Addiction". In Benson, April Lane (ed.).
1934:
264:
225:
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376:
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Piquet-PessĂ´a, Marcelo; Ferreira, Gabriela M.; Melca, Isabela A.; Fontenelle, Leonardo F. (2014).
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Hayes, Terrell A (February 2000). "Stigmatizing Indebtedness: Implications for Labeling Theory".
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states that DA does not endorse any literature except that which has been Conference-approved.
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143:
48:
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680:. However he also asserted that stigmatization of indebtedness was related to experiences of
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2252:
656:
439:
392:
309:
181:
8:
2726:
2622:. Mexico in the 1990s: Economic Crisis, Social Polarization, and Class Struggle, Part 2.
2141:"Can Shame, Guilt, or Stigma Be Taught: Why Credit-Focused Debtor Education May Not Work"
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circumstances DA recommends seeking professional assistance or revising the moratorium.
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about how much money is being earned and spent. A detailed spending record will show
424:
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Hayes' analysis found differences between DA meetings and DA members. DA's pamphlet
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In the mid-1990s, sociologist Terrell A. Hayes conducted in-depth interviews with a
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thinking that accompanies "compulsive debting", overspending, and underearning.
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study of DA members found they attributed the causes of "compulsive debting" to
109:
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2489:"DSM-5 and the Decision Not to Include Sex, Shopping or Stealing as Addictions"
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435:
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101:
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643:, differences between DA meetings and DA members, lack of a clear position on
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2192:
1827:
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Handbook of addictive disorders: a practical guide to diagnosis and treatment
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The Twelve Steps, Twelve Traditions, and Twelve Concepts of Debtors Anonymous
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The Twelve Steps, Twelve Traditions, and Twelve Concepts of Debtors Anonymous
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367:), indebtedness is not considered to be a disease. Neither version contains
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596:
396:
320:
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Governing Wayward Consumers: Self-Change and Recovery in Debtors Anonymous
2281:
Hayes, Terrell A (2010). "Labeling and the Adoption of a Deviant Status".
835:
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group of two or three people began meeting regularly on Wednesdays in the
1812:(4th ed.). New York, New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services.
768:
400:
305:
1901:. Needham, Massachusetts: Debtors Anonymous General Service Board, Inc.
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2402:(MA in Sociology thesis). Tampa, Florida: University of South Florida.
721:
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485:
189:
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184:(AA) who believed that their financial difficulties were caused by an
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838:(a movement of land-owning farmers against the Mexican government).
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over debt. Hayes concluded that labeling was related to changes in
513:"Keeping numbers" is a daily practice that requires recording each
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388:
256:
201:
169:
71:
26:
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Recovery A to Z: A Dictionary of Twelve-Step Key Terms and Phrases
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on these topics than others which can alienate potential members.
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1841:
1803:
702:
588:
584:
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when due, borrowing money from a family member or friend without
420:
332:
209:
120:
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Oliven, Ruben G. (1 March 1998). "Looking at Money in America".
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How To Get Out Of Debt, Stay Out of Debt & Live Prosperously
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in Manhattan. In 2009, there were 512 groups meeting worldwide.
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Debtors Anonymous Twelve Steps Study Guide for D.A. and B.D.A.
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I shop, therefore I am: compulsive buying and search for self
1727:"Debtors Anonymous offers group support for spending addicts"
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1429:
1156:
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Self-help groups, including DA, urge members to change their
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313:
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Cash & investment management for nonprofit organizations
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771:"). DA's pamphlet on the use of AA literature and the book
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and debt-shifting, and common use of unapproved literature.
391:–leading to an overestimation or underestimation of account
2723:
827:
unit. In 1981 there were chapters in nine major US cities.
808:
676:, encouraging members to seek help and to changes in their
477:
132:
2272:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Office. Archived from
1933:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Office. Archived from
1878:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Office. Archived from
2106:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Board, Incorporated.
224:
DA adapted AA's format, making only five changes to AA's
430:"Abstinence" in DA is abstaining from incurring any new
312:
and a culture that constantly pressures people to spend
119:
DA encourages careful record keeping and monitoring of
2125:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Board, Inc. P-124.
1992:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Board, Inc. P-109.
618:
508:
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from one creditor to another in order to get a lower
146:
change in its members, ultimately transforming their
142:
DA's program is intended to facilitate a progressive
2356:(Ph.D. in Sociology thesis). Vanderbilt University.
196:, and they practiced making daily deposits to their
2729:
for relatives and friends of money and debt addicts
2373:. Northvale, N. J.: J. Aronson. pp. 431–454.
2177:. Northvale, N. J.: J. Aronson. pp. 245–267.
2129:
2120:
2092:
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1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
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1780:. Northvale, N. J.: J. Aronson. pp. 398–430.
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659:of survey results in an attempt to understand how
2134:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Board. P-113.
2101:
2072:
2048:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Board. P-127.
2043:
2039:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Board. P-105.
2034:
2030:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Board. P-104.
2016:
1996:
1987:
1983:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Board. P-101.
1974:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Board. P-122.
1965:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Board. P-112.
1956:. Debtors Anonymous General Service Board. P-116.
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476:DA members may be vague or unfocused about their
399:. DA suggests members stay aware of manipulative
373:Impulse Control Disorders Not Otherwise Specified
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2312:International Journal of Self Help and Self Care
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423:, feelings of hopelessness or despair, and even
2768:Non-profit organizations based in Massachusetts
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434:, a strict definition that includes not paying
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703:Differences between DA meetings and DA members
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164:used to describe members, may actually hinder
2595:. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
2021:. Debtors Anonymous World Service Conference.
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500:in, and understanding of, DA's Twelve Steps.
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759:. Specifically, DA endorses the use of the
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1753:. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. pp. 451–488.
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635:, the remaining four attended meetings in
407:that trigger their desire to spend money.
283:described variously in DA literature as a
2655:Zietlow, John T; Seidner, Alan G (2007).
2504:
2395:
2200:Greco, Tony; Fagen, Kristi (1 May 2009).
1637:
1623:
1605:
1504:
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108:unsecured debt are said to be engaged in
2773:1971 establishments in the United States
2689:Debtors Anonymous General Service Office
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599:, or who are friends or family members.
454:differing from the common definition of
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1848:. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services.
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1369:
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1365:
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379:that were not elsewhere in the manual.
214:Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Center
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2226:
2204:. Central Recovery Press. p. 27.
1873:"The 12 Promises of Debtors Anonymous"
1775:
1665:
1600:
1518:
1227:
1216:
1090:
1070:
858:List of Twelve Step alternate wordings
112:borrowing and are known as compulsive
100:for people who want to stop incurring
2626:(4). Sage Publications, Inc.: 30–51.
2351:
2330:
2280:
1871:Debtors Anonymous (19 August 2001a).
1724:
1632:
1618:
1000:
915:
821:United States Department of Education
2708:in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria
2588:
2558:
2075:"Signs of Compulsively Underearning"
2053:Debtors Anonymous (3 August 2002b).
1699:
1373:
1362:
891:
2702:in Australia, Bali, and New Zealand
2139:Dickerson, A. Mechele (1998–1999).
1725:Black, Claudia (27 November 2009).
1471:
619:Analysis of interviews with members
509:Spending records and spending plans
243:DA publications include the books,
13:
2561:"Getting Off the Credit Treadmill"
2429:Mundis, Jerrold (1 January 2003).
2102:Debtors Anonymous (1 March 2016).
2073:Debtors Anonymous (17 July 2006).
1846:Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions
761:Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions
14:
2784:
2763:Organizations established in 1971
2682:
2148:Loylola of Los Angeles Law Review
2046:Recovery from Compulsive Spending
488:. It is critically important for
263:includes DA's adaptations of the
2396:Morenberg, Adam D. (July 2004).
2270:"Can DA Help You - 15 Questions"
357:American Psychiatric Association
83:Penny Pinchers, Capital Builders
25:
2268:Harber, Joe (7 October 2009a).
1659:
1459:
1325:
1302:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1175:
1095:
1047:
785:National Council of Negro Women
716:with the group. Recognition of
545:
355:In the previous version of the
155:convenience and snowball sample
2247:Harber, Joe (7 October 2009).
2055:"Signs of Compulsive Spending"
1999:"History of Debtors Anonymous"
1005:
879:
832:1994 economic crisis in Mexico
623:In an independent study using
606:Although it may conflict with
382:
363:) and in the current version (
175:
150:and changing their behaviors.
1:
2229:"Signs of Compulsive Debting"
1718:
274:
219:
2524:Clinical Social Work Journal
2435:(Revised ed.). Bantam.
1963:Communicating With Creditors
728:Bankruptcy and debt-shifting
7:
2620:Latin American Perspectives
2559:Roth, Edith B. (May 1981).
2324:10.2190/PLE7-543Q-7NTF-NQ2H
2249:"DA Literature - Pamphlets"
2130:Debtors Anonymous (2002h).
2121:Debtors Anonymous (2002c).
2097:. Debtors Anonymous. p-126.
2093:Debtors Anonymous (2004b).
2026:Debtors Anonymous (2002d).
1979:Debtors Anonymous (2002j).
1970:Debtors Anonymous (2002e).
1961:Debtors Anonymous (2002f).
1952:Debtors Anonymous (2002g).
1924:Debtors Anonymous (2002i).
841:
689:mental health professionals
650:
504:Record keeping and planning
10:
2789:
2632:10.1177/0094582X0102800403
2472:10.1177/0308275X9801800102
2044:Debtors Anonymous (2004).
2035:Debtors Anonymous (2001).
2017:Debtors Anonymous (2009).
1997:Debtors Anonymous (2011).
1988:Debtors Anonymous (2002).
1972:Business Debtors Anonymous
1897:Debtors Anonymous (1999).
1466:Zietlow & Seidner 2007
853:List of twelve-step groups
848:Compulsive buying disorder
369:compulsive buying disorder
351:Psychiatric categorization
2506:10.1007/s40429-014-0027-6
2493:Current Addiction Reports
2352:Hayes, Terrell A (1996).
2295:10.1080/01639620903004861
2154:: 945–964. Archived from
1568:Benson & Bengler 2004
1389:Piquet-PessĂ´a et al. 2014
610:, DA recommends taking a
77:
67:
57:
41:
33:
24:
2460:Critique of Anthropology
1284:Levine & Kellen 2000
873:
597:threatening legal action
377:impulse control problems
2659:. John Wiley and Sons.
2536:10.1023/A:1022962311073
2345:10.1525/si.2000.23.1.29
2019:Literature Status Chart
1689:Debtors Anonymous 2001a
1655:Debtors Anonymous 2002d
1525:Debtors Anonymous 2002j
1514:Ronel & Libman 2003
1500:Debtors Anonymous 2002h
1489:Debtors Anonymous 2004b
1478:Debtors Anonymous 2002e
1455:Debtors Anonymous 2002g
1405:Debtors Anonymous 2002f
1358:Debtors Anonymous 2002c
1321:Debtors Anonymous 2002b
583:per month, the minimum
240:"Conference-approved."
2371:I Shop, Therefore I Am
2175:I Shop, Therefore I Am
1590:Debtors Anonymous 2002
1543:Debtors Anonymous 1999
1443:Debtors Anonymous 1999
1344:Debtors Anonymous 2006
1332:Debtors Anonymous 2004
1309:Debtors Anonymous 2004
1205:Debtors Anonymous 1999
1193:Debtors Anonymous 1999
1170:Debtors Anonymous 1999
1151:Debtors Anonymous 1999
1134:Debtors Anonymous 1999
1119:Debtors Anonymous 1999
1102:Debtors Anonymous 1999
1080:Debtors Anonymous 2016
1066:Debtors Anonymous 2009
1054:Debtors Anonymous 1999
1029:Debtors Anonymous 2001
1012:Debtors Anonymous 1999
990:Greco & Fagen 2009
974:Sarra & Sarra 2009
962:Debtors Anonymous 1999
898:Debtors Anonymous 2011
886:Debtors Anonymous 1999
779:Parallel organizations
718:individual differences
530:and responsibilities.
359:'s diagnostic manual (
49:Needham, Massachusetts
2720:in the United Kingdom
2589:Vyse, Stuart (2008).
750:Unapproved literature
633:Eastern United States
458:(the degree to which
405:thoughts and feelings
255:, as well as several
2753:Twelve-step programs
2333:Symbolic Interaction
2227:Harber, Joe (2002).
1809:Alcoholics Anonymous
817:Chase Manhattan Bank
767:(also known as the "
765:Alcoholics Anonymous
657:qualitative analysis
562:Debt repayment plans
446:and other unsecured
310:family maladjustment
234:Alcoholics Anonymous
182:Alcoholics Anonymous
180:In 1968, members of
72:debtorsanonymous.org
2727:twelve-step program
2255:on 16 December 2009
1644:Dickerson 1998–1999
830:In response to the
793:consumer protection
403:tactics as well as
289:progressive illness
188:disease not unlike
98:twelve-step program
21:
16:Twelve-step program
2565:American Education
1899:A Currency of Hope
1668:, pp. 219–220
825:consumer education
757:addictive diseases
655:Hayes performed a
568:personal financial
261:A Currency of Hope
245:A Currency of Hope
19:
2718:Debtors Anonymous
2712:Debtors Anonymous
2706:Debtors Anonymous
2700:Debtors Anonymous
2694:Debtors Anonymous
2666:978-0-471-74165-7
2602:978-0-19-530699-6
2211:978-0-9799869-3-2
1981:Debtors Anonymous
1731:Los Angeles Times
739:transferring debt
629:snowball sampling
494:Debtors Anonymous
425:suicidal ideation
269:Twelve Traditions
230:Twelve Traditions
90:Debtors Anonymous
87:
86:
20:Debtors Anonymous
2780:
2748:Personal finance
2678:
2651:
2614:
2585:
2572:
2555:
2518:
2508:
2483:
2454:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2416:
2410:. Archived from
2392:
2365:
2348:
2327:
2306:
2283:Deviant Behavior
2277:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2251:. Archived from
2243:
2241:
2240:
2231:. Archived from
2223:
2196:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2145:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2098:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2077:. Archived from
2069:
2067:
2066:
2057:. Archived from
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2001:. Archived from
1993:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1932:
1920:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1877:
1867:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1799:
1772:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1733:. Archived from
1713:
1708:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1641:
1635:
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1603:
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1300:
1295:
1286:
1281:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1195:, pp. 21–22
1190:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1154:
1148:
1137:
1131:
1122:
1116:
1105:
1104:, pp. 10–11
1099:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1077:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1056:, pp. 15–16
1051:
1045:
1040:
1031:
1026:
1015:
1014:, pp. 12–13
1009:
1003:
998:
992:
987:
976:
971:
965:
959:
946:
941:
918:
913:
900:
895:
889:
883:
805:small appliances
801:home furnishings
693:debtor education
572:payment schedule
490:self-help groups
444:credit card debt
198:savings accounts
29:
22:
18:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2733:
2732:
2685:
2667:
2603:
2443:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2381:
2258:
2256:
2238:
2236:
2212:
2185:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2143:
2114:
2084:
2082:
2064:
2062:
2008:
2006:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1909:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1856:
1832:
1830:
1820:
1788:
1761:
1740:
1738:
1721:
1716:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1573:
1566:
1549:
1541:
1530:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1449:
1441:
1430:
1423:
1410:
1403:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1372:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1233:
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1222:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
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1149:
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1125:
1117:
1108:
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1071:
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1060:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1018:
1010:
1006:
999:
995:
988:
979:
972:
968:
960:
949:
944:Hayes 2001–2002
942:
921:
914:
903:
896:
892:
884:
880:
876:
863:Underemployment
844:
781:
752:
730:
705:
678:social identity
663:applies to the
661:labeling theory
653:
621:
612:debt moratorium
564:
548:
538:using the term
511:
506:
385:
353:
277:
222:
178:
137:quality of life
80:
79:Formerly called
60:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2786:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:Support groups
2755:
2750:
2745:
2731:
2730:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2691:
2684:
2683:External links
2681:
2680:
2679:
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2615:
2601:
2586:
2573:
2556:
2530:(2): 155–171.
2519:
2499:(3): 172–176.
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2441:
2426:
2393:
2379:
2366:
2349:
2328:
2318:(4): 253–368.
2307:
2278:
2276:on 2009-12-16.
2265:
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2224:
2210:
2197:
2183:
2170:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2113:978-0991365838
2112:
2099:
2090:
2070:
2050:
2041:
2037:Record Keeping
2032:
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2014:
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1425:Morenberg 2004
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714:identification
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697:impulse buying
674:self-awareness
652:
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620:
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608:cultural norms
581:finance charge
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2442:0-553-38202-0
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2417:on 2015-12-19
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2180:
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2137:
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2096:
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2081:on 2006-07-17
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2061:on 2002-08-03
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2005:on 2017-01-28
2004:
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1982:
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1968:
1964:
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1940:on 2010-06-15
1936:
1929:
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1927:AA Literature
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1908:0-9703238-0-8
1904:
1900:
1895:
1885:on 2010-03-31
1881:
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1855:0-916856-01-1
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1819:1-893007-16-2
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1760:0-471-23502-4
1756:
1752:
1747:
1737:on 2009-11-30
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1723:
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1711:Williams 2001
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1678:Bill W. 2002a
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2592:Going broke
2571:(4): 21–24.
2259:10 December
1666:Mundis 2003
1601:Brazer 2000
1468:, p. 5
1334:, p. 3
1311:, p. 1
1228:Oliven 1998
1217:Harber 2002
1091:Harber 2009
722:role models
625:convenience
471:deprivation
464:liabilities
401:advertising
383:Terminology
321:codependent
176:Development
148:world views
144:personality
123:—including
2737:Categories
2421:2007-06-12
2289:(3): 274.
2239:2010-06-15
2165:2009-12-25
2085:2010-06-05
2065:2010-06-05
2009:2017-06-12
1944:2009-12-28
1889:2009-12-27
1833:2010-06-14
1741:2009-12-19
1719:References
1633:Hayes 2010
1619:Hayes 2000
1001:Black 2009
916:Hayes 1996
645:bankruptcy
486:world view
440:collateral
410:Excessive
275:Membership
220:Literature
194:save money
190:alcoholism
166:acceptance
110:compulsive
2724:Debt-Anon
2696:in Brazil
2675:255472451
2648:154052584
2611:153773333
2552:141009143
2544:1573-3343
2515:2196-2952
2480:146652728
2389:301650820
2303:143748454
2220:244765260
2193:301650820
1954:Awareness
1844:(2002b).
1828:408888189
1806:(2002a).
1796:301650820
1700:Roth 1981
1374:Vyse 2008
836:El BarzĂłn
452:neologism
389:creditors
361:DSM-IV-TR
345:anorexics
281:neologism
257:pamphlets
186:addictive
125:purchases
2714:in Japan
2451:49959421
2408:56564118
2362:37916407
2028:Meetings
1917:42967777
1864:13572433
1769:53224831
842:See also
819:and the
769:Big Book
709:Meetings
651:Labeling
641:labeling
589:expenses
462:exceeds
456:solvency
393:balances
333:feelings
329:services
291:, and a
285:disorder
170:ideology
168:of DA's
121:finances
42:Location
2640:3185137
2582:1399627
2132:Visions
1842:Bill W.
1804:Bill W.
797:clothes
791:costs,
585:payment
556:actions
421:anxiety
293:disease
210:rectory
202:solvent
114:debtors
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460:assets
417:stress
341:pauper
251:, and
162:labels
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129:income
2644:S2CID
2636:JSTOR
2548:S2CID
2476:S2CID
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1883:(PDF)
1876:(PDF)
874:Notes
815:from
682:shame
498:faith
478:goals
448:loans
436:bills
365:DSM-V
325:goods
314:money
106:incur
2743:Debt
2671:OCLC
2661:ISBN
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2597:ISBN
2578:SSRN
2540:ISSN
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2261:2009
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763:and
627:and
515:cent
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2628:doi
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