2036:. However, this varies from every claimant, in that their own eligibility for such is entirely dependent on their own overall circumstances; Should they meet specific requirements, being able to afford such, their requests are usually accepted; Should they fail the criteria, they're almost always swiftly rejected, regardless of their financial ability. Given the often monetary hardship of contenders, those providing these loans often charge at larger rates of interest than others; This is often critiqued by its opponents, who claim that it is an unfair practice aimed at targeting those who are desperate and often holds arbitrary figures, although those in its defence claim it is a security measure aimed at ensuring its repayment obligations and must take precautions before offering large sums. Both arguments have resulted in greater debate amongst legislators in different nations, amidst demands for further regulation and more decreases in lending restrictions. Debt consolidation has also been an area of interest for
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766:
138:
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41:
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credit card or other forms of payment), the less transparent it is and the less aware you are of how much you have spent. The less transparent or further away from cash the form of payment employed is, the less an individual feels the "pain of paying" and thus is likely to spend more. Furthermore, the differing physical appearance/form that credit cards have from cash may cause them to be viewed as
2099:, serves as a reference point for all other debt. There are deep, transparent, liquid, and open capital markets for Treasuries. Furthermore, Treasuries are issued in a wide variety of maturities, from one day to thirty years, which facilitates comparing the interest rates on other debt to a security of comparable maturity. In finance, the theoretical "
2642:, for example, teaches: "We are to refrain from entering into debt when we have no reasonable plan to pay. We are to be careful to meet all financial engagements promptly when due, if at all possible, remembering that we are to 'Provide things honest in the sight of all men' and to 'owe no man any thing, but to love one another' (Romans 12:17; 13:8)."
2025:, and a document proving the shipment was insured against loss or damage in transit. However, the list and form of documents is open to imagination and negotiation and might contain requirements to present documents issued by a neutral third party evidencing the quality of the goods shipped, or their place of origin.
2031:
is a process whereby a new, large loan application is submitted in order to compensate for numerous outstanding loans. Some amongst those who are heavily indebted often resort to debt consolidation as a means to resolve their financial difficulties. Upon obtaining the borrowed loan, those within the
2147:
is the ratio of income available to the amount of debt service due (including both interest and principal amortization, if any). The higher the debt service coverage ratio, the more income is available to pay debt service, and the easier and lower-cost it will be for a borrower to obtain financing.
2129:
Municipal bonds (or muni bonds) are typical debt obligations, for which the conditions are defined unilaterally by the issuing municipality (local government), but it is a slower process to accumulate the necessary amount. Usually, debt or bond financing will not be used to finance current operating
1998:
or LC can also be the source of payment for a transaction, meaning that redeeming the letter of credit will pay an exporter. Letters of credit are used primarily in international trade transactions of significant value, for deals between a supplier in one country and a customer in another. They are
1940:
loan comes with a fixed repayment target that is reached over a period of several years. This type of loan generally comes with a repayment amount of 1.5 to 2.5 times the principle loan. Repayment periods are flexible; businesses can pay back the agreed-upon amount sooner, if possible, or later. In
1885:
Besides these more formal debts, private individuals also lend informally to other people, mostly relatives or friends. One reason for such informal debts is that many people, in particular those who are poor, have no access to affordable credit. Such debts can cause problems when they are not paid
1877:
People are likely to spend more and get into debt when they use credit cards as against cash to buy products and services. This is primarily because of the transparency effect and consumer's "pain of paying." The transparency effect refers to the idea that the further you are from cash (as with a
2155:
typically includes the cost of mortgage payments as well as insurance and property tax, divided by a consumer's monthly income. A "front-end ratio" of 28% or below, together with a "back-end ratio" (including required payments on non-housing debt as well) of 36% or below is also required to be
1963:
is a loan that is granted to companies that wish to borrow more money than any single lender is prepared to risk in a single loan. A syndicated loan is provided by a group of lenders and is structured, arranged, and administered by one or several commercial banks or investment banks known as
2040:, leaving those heavily indebted vulnerable to extortionate rates. The idea behind debt consolidation is occasionally a matter of debate in the financial and institutional sectors, often ranging between analysts towards professors, generally concerning ethics involved in different areas.
2543:
At the household level, debts can also have detrimental effects — particularly when households make spending decisions assuming income will increase, or remain stable, in years to come. When households take on credit based on this assumption, life events can easily change indebtedness into
2008:
of whom the beneficiary is a client. Almost all letters of credit are irrevocable, i.e., cannot be amended or canceled without prior agreement of the beneficiary, the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any. In executing a transaction, letters of credit incorporate functions common to
2616:
Religions like
Judaism and Christianity for example, demand that debt be forgiven on a regular basis, in order to prevent systemic inequities between groups in society, or anyone becoming a specialist in holding debt and coercing repayment. An example is the Biblical
2629:
chapter 15 and verse 1 states that debts be forgiven after seven years. This is because biblically debt is seen as the responsibility of both the creditor and the debtor. Traditional
Christian teaching holds that a lifestyle of debt should not be normative; the
2003:
process to ensure that approved public facilities (streets, sidewalks, stormwater ponds, etc.) will be built. The parties to a letter of credit are usually a beneficiary who is to receive the money, the issuing bank of whom the applicant is a client, and the
2195:. Collateral may include claims on tax receipts (in the case of a government), specific assets (in the case of a company) or a home (in the case of a consumer). Unsecured debt comprises financial obligations for which creditors do not have recourse to the
2491:
is debt that is incurred by a regime for purposes that do not serve the interest of the state. Such debts are thus considered by this doctrine to be personal debts of the regime that incurred them and not debts of the state. International
2548:, illness, or home repairs. Over-indebtedness has severe social consequences, such as financial hardship, poor physical and mental health, family stress, stigma, difficulty obtaining employment, exclusion from basic financial services (
2472:
forbids lending with interest even today. In hard times, the cost of servicing debt can grow beyond the debtor's ability to pay, due to either external events (income loss) or internal difficulties (poor management of resources).
2283:
or high-risk bonds. Their high risk of default (approximately 1.6 percent for Ba) is compensated by higher interest payments. Bad Debt is a loan that can not (partially or fully) be repaid by the debtor. The debtor is said to
2523:
was very high. Economic agents were heavily indebted. This excess of debt, equivalent to excessive expectations on future returns, accompanied asset bubbles on the stock markets. When expectations corrected, deflation and a
1987:; with long-term bonds, lasting over 30 years, being less common. At the end of the bond's life the money should be repaid in full. Interest may be added to the end payment, or can be paid in regular installments (known as
1754:
obligations and other interactions not based on a monetary value. For example, in
Western cultures, a person who has been helped by a second person is sometimes said to owe a "debt of gratitude" to the second person.
1929:, calculated as a percentage of the principal sum per year, will also have to be paid by that date, or may be paid periodically in the interval, such as annually or monthly. Such loans are also colloquially called "
2267:
are qualified by numbers 1-3. S&P and other rating agencies have slightly different systems using capital letters and +/- qualifiers. Thus a government or corporation with a high rating would have Aaa rating.
2721:
Weekly Notes of Cases Argued and
Determined in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the County Courts of Philadelphia, and the United States District and Circuit Courts for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
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in the present before it has actually been earned. Commonly, people in industrialized nations use consumer debt to purchase houses, cars and other things too expensive to buy with cash on hand.
1833:
on their debt from time to time, with various consequences depending on the terms of the debt and the law governing default in the relevant jurisdiction. If the debt was secured by specific
2255:. The government or company itself will also be given its own separate rating. These agencies assess the ability of the debtor to honor his obligations and accordingly give him or her a
2836:
2552:, 2009), work accidents and industrial disease, a strain on social relations (Carpentier and Van den Bosch, 2008), absenteeism at work and lack of organisational commitment (Kim
3599:
2151:
Different debt markets have somewhat different conventions in terminology and calculations for income-related metrics. For example, in mortgage lending in the United States, a
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reported their households has been in arrears, that is, unable to pay as scheduled "payments related to informal loans from friends or relatives not living in your household".
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effectively made debt more expensive and, as Fisher explained, this reinforced deflation again, because, in order to reduce their debt level, economic agents reduced their
2944:
2063:, the proportion of debt to equity, is considered paramount in determining the riskiness of an investment, under the notion that it becomes more risking under more debt.
3399:
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process. In a securitization, a company sells a pool of assets to a securitization trust, and the securitization trust finances its purchase of the assets by selling
2288:
on their debt. These types of debt are frequently repackaged and sold below face value. Buying junk bonds is seen as a risky but potentially profitable investment.
2208:
1799:
There are three main ways repayment may be structured: the entire principal balance may be due at the maturity of the loan; the entire principal balance may be
3528:"Managing household debts: Social service provision in the EU. Working paper. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions"
2923:
Chatterjee, P., & Rose, R. L. (2012). Do payment mechanisms change the way consumers perceive products? Journal of
Consumer Research, 38(6), 1129–1139.
3000:
2179:." A 20% down payment is equivalent to an 80% loan to value. With home purchases, value may be assessed using the agreed-upon purchase price, and/or an
2476:
Debt with an associated interest rate will increase through time if it is not repaid faster than it grows through interest. This effect may be termed
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2323:. A country's regulatory structure determines what qualifies as a security. For example, in North America, each security is uniquely identified by a
2130:
expenditures, the purposes of these amounts are local developments, capital investments, constructions, own contribution to other credits or grants.
2780:
1933:", particularly if there is only a single payment at the end – the "bullet" – without a "stream" of interest payments during the life of the loan.
1837:, such as a car or house, the creditor may seek to repossess the collateral. In more serious circumstances, individuals and companies may go into
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3121:
1585:
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3001:
0#:~:text=Historically%2C%20loan%20consolidation%20was%20used,clean%20up%20their%20credit%20history. "Brief
History of Loan Consolidation"
3046:
2833:
1546:
1511:
433:
2882:
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Prelec, D. & Loewenstein, G. (1998). The red and the black: Mental accounting of savings and debt. Marketing
Science, 17(1), 4-28.
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collect information about the borrowing and repayment history of consumers. Lenders, such as banks and credit card companies, use
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2480:, while the term "usury" in other contexts refers only to an excessive rate of interest, in excess of a reasonable profit for the
1949:
that provide revenue-based financing work more closely with businesses than bank lenders, but take a more hands-off approach than
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and investment. The reduction in demand reduced business activity and caused further unemployment. In a more direct sense, more
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Some argue against debt as an instrument and institution, on a personal, family, social, corporate and governmental level. Some
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receiving end are then generally enabled to have a greater cash flow, resulting from lowering monthly payments, if not reducing
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423:
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1771:, "to owe; to have from someone else." The related term "debtor" was first used in English also in the early 13th century.
732:
583:
287:
184:
2852:
Pettit, N. C., & Sivanathan, N. (2011). The plastic trap. Social
Psychological and Personality Science, 2(2), 146-153.
1803:
over the term of the loan; or the loan may be partially amortized during its term, with the remaining principal due as a "
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to evaluate the potential risk posed by lending money to consumers. In the United States, the primary credit bureaus are
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over-indebtedness. Such life events include unexpected unemployment, relationship break-up, leaving the parental home,
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490:
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2381:, and so changes in the valuation of that currency can change the effective size of the debt. This can happen due to
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Principal is the amount of money originally invested or loaned, on which basis interest and returns are calculated.
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443:
386:
105:
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For example, in mortgage lending in the United States, the loan-to-value concept is most commonly expressed as a "
2416:
2114:
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527:
77:
3566:...and Forgive Them Their Debts: Lending, Foreclosure and Redemption From Bronze Age Finance to the Jubilee Year
1921:
is the simplest form of corporate debt. It consists of an agreement to lend a fixed amount of money, called the
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or principal, for a fixed period of time, with this amount to be repaid by a certain date. In commercial loans
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62:
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3222:"Professor Gregory Germain Provides Insights into Debt Consolidation Loans and Low-Income Loans at Money Geek"
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84:
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2110:. This ratio helps to assess the speed of changes in government indebtedness and the size of the debt due.
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Excessive debt accumulation has been blamed for exacerbating economic problems. For example, before the
2103:" is often approximated by practitioners by using the current yield of a Treasury of the same duration.
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vs. real money, luring individuals to spend more money than they would if they only had cash available.
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may be issued by sovereign states as well as by local governments, sometimes known as municipalities.
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has a target to address the external debt of highly indebted poor countries to reduce debt distress.
1501:
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Fitch; et al. (2011). "The relationship between debt and mental health: a systematic review".
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168:
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242:
73:
51:
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2017:. Typically, the documents a beneficiary has to present in order to receive payment include a
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3147:"Thinking of consolidating your debt? Here are four signs it could be the right move for you"
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back according to expectations of the lending household. In 2011, 8 percent of people in the
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943:
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381:
247:
189:
58:
20:
2335:(or the equivalent). Loans may be sold or acquired in certain circumstances, as when a bank
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2014:
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232:
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also occurred due both to increased debt cost caused by deflation and the reduced demand.
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8:
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1907:
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27:
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Governments issue debt to pay for ongoing expenses as well as major capital projects.
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2377:, play a key role in the debt markets. Debt is normally denominated in a particular
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The
English term "debt" was first used in the late 13th century and comes by way of
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2905:
The effect of payment transparency on consumption: Quasi experiments from the field
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The overall level of indebtedness by a government is typically shown as a ratio of
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businesses lend money to customers, who then owe a debt to the payday loan company.
98:
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2657:. Edited by M. Ayhan Kose, Peter Nagle, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Naotaka Sugawara.
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A debt obligation is considered secured if creditors have recourse to specific
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2010:
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1950:
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1306:
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883:
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257:
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2389:, so it can happen even though the borrower and the lender are using the same
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302:
3533:. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.
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Monopoly money: The effect of payment coupling and form on spending behavior
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3953:
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3860:
3832:
3047:"Credit card hardship programs: What to know about this debt relief option"
2600:
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1969:
1642:
1460:
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865:
838:
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362:
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137:
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141:
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is the ratio of the total amount of the loan to the total value of the
1863:
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1784:"Principal (finance)" redirects here. For the principal of a bond, see
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A change in ratings can strongly affect a company, since its cost of
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40:
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2934:"Household over-indebtedness in the EU: The role of informal debts"
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2235:
Debts owed by governments and private corporations may be rated by
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1926:
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Do payment mechanisms change the way consumers perceive products?
2221:
1946:
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Common types of debt owed by individuals and households include
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2943:. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. 2013.
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is the only way to restore global equity in relations with the
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910:
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217:
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3122:"How Do I Know If I'm Eligible For a Debt Consolidation Loan?"
2889:. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 14 (3), 213–25.
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2358:. In this case, the asset-backed trust is a debt issuer of
1972:
the debt to reduce their risk and free up lending capacity.
1711:, or an individual. Commercial debt is generally subject to
3717:
3448:"Debt Management Strategies of Local Governments in the EU"
2481:
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to the market. For example, a trust may own a pool of home
2328:
2095:
Debt issued by the government of the United States, called
1984:
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1455:
1422:
1033:
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352:
3347:"Public debt consolidation and its distributional effects"
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or relinquish control when using revenue-based financing.
3247:"Debt Consolidation Loan Statistics & Trends in 2024"
3097:"Pros and cons of debt consolidation: Is it a good idea?"
2556:, 2003), feeling of insecurity, and relational tensions.
1366:
2209:
Criticism of credit scoring systems in the United States
1866:. For individuals, debt is a means of using anticipated
3638:
2279:. Bonds below Baa/BBB (Moody's/S&P) are considered
3417:"Goal 17 | Department of Economic and Social Affairs"
3372:"Government debt consolidation advice and programmes"
2971:"Using Revenue-Based Financing to Grow Your Business"
1807:" at maturity. Amortization structures are common in
2717:"Brooke et al versus the City of Philadelphia et al"
2665:
3272:"What is the average debt consolidation loan rate?"
3172:"How Do You Qualify for a Debt Consolidation Loan?"
1983:. Bonds have a fixed lifetime, usually a number of
65:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3563:
2738:
2427:
2327:for trading and settlement purposes. In contrast,
2133:
1750:The term can also be used metaphorically to cover
3622:Guidebook of the Emmanuel Association of Churches
3592:"Jubilee USA: Debt Cancellation: A Biblical Norm"
2609:, the lending of "food money" was commonplace in
1715:regarding the amount and timing of repayments of
4043:
2342:Loans can be turned into securities through the
2843:Journal of Consumer Research, 38(6), 1129–1139.
2737:
1695:or otherwise withheld from another party, the
1684:is an obligation that requires one party, the
3654:
3297:"Professor Rebucci was featured in WalletHub"
2654:Global Waves of Debt: Causes and Consequences
1662:
726:
3614:
3322:"Debt Consolidation and Financial Stability"
2464:World debt § Consequences of high debt
1547:International Financial Reporting Standards
1512:Separation of investment and retail banking
434:International Financial Reporting Standards
3661:
3647:
2878:Raghubir, P. & Srivastava, J. (2008),
2832:Chatterjee, P., & Rose, R. L. (2012).
2430:. Please do not remove this message until
2202:
2186:
1844:
1669:
1655:
733:
719:
3463:
2450:Learn how and when to remove this message
2199:of the borrower to satisfy their claims.
2043:Companies also use debt in many ways for
125:Learn how and when to remove this message
3197:"Debt Consolidation - National Deadline"
2426:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2365:
2296:
2070:
136:
3526:Dubois, Hans; Anderson, Robert (2010).
3445:
2899:
2897:
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3452:Pro Publico Bono – Magyar Közigazgatás
2862:
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2858:
2360:residential mortgage-backed securities
2356:residential mortgage-backed securities
1941:addition, business owners do not sell
3642:
3540:from the original on 27 November 2017
3498:
2814:from the original on 17 December 2021
2307:
1818:
424:Generally-accepted auditing standards
3811:Debtor-in-possession (DIP) financing
3427:from the original on 2 November 2021
2981:from the original on 1 November 2017
2950:from the original on 8 December 2014
2892:
2869:
2765:
2759:participating institution membership
2400:
63:adding citations to reliable sources
34:
3602:from the original on 3 October 2020
2968:
2855:
2783:from the original on 10 August 2017
2613:civilizations as early as 5000 BC.
2574:grew 4.3 percent year-over-year to
2559:
2331:are not securities and do not have
2055:, "leveraging" the return on their
439:International Standards on Auditing
13:
3480:from the original on 14 April 2021
3072:"An Example of Debt Consolidation"
2645:
1586:Private equity and venture capital
1497:Bank for International Settlements
14:
4078:
3406:, Foreign Affairs, May/June 2016.
2914:. Marketing Letters, 14, 173–183.
2138:
2124:
1964:arrangers. Loan syndication is a
1902:may use various kinds of debt to
1631:Business and Economics portal
496:Notes to the financial statements
2801:
2668:
2496:has reached the scale that many
2487:In international legal thought,
2405:
2159:
2156:eligible for a conforming loan.
1968:tool that allows the lead banks
1636:
1624:
1219:Base erosion and profit shifting
764:
444:Management Accounting Principles
167:
39:
16:Obligation to pay borrowed money
3584:
3552:
3519:
3492:
3439:
3409:
3389:
3364:
3339:
3314:
3289:
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3114:
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2993:
2962:
2926:
2917:
2779:. Online Etymology Dictionary.
2291:
2134:Assessments of creditworthiness
2115:Sustainable Development Goal 17
1991:) during the life of the bond.
1786:Bond (finance) § Principal
50:needs additional citations for
3397:America and the Global Economy
2846:
2826:
2795:
2731:
2713:Superior Court of Pennsylvania
2705:
2640:conservative holiness movement
2075:1979 U.S. Government $ 10,000
2066:
1849:
1716:
979:Collateralised debt obligation
889:Bull (stock market speculator)
1:
3126:www.consolidationexpert.co.uk
2699:
2396:
1893:
1325:Final consumption expenditure
419:Generally-accepted principles
3501:Mental Health Review Journal
1794:
1779:
1758:
7:
4062:Personal financial problems
2727:(18). Kay and brother: 348.
2661:
2432:conditions to do so are met
2259:. Moody's uses the letters
2145:debt service coverage ratio
10:
4083:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2563:
2461:
2300:
2261:Aaa Aa A Baa Ba B Caa Ca C
2206:
2117:, an integral part of the
2081:
1822:
1783:
1735:are all types of debt. In
1557:Professional certification
1155:Enterprise risk management
939:Offshore financial centres
25:
18:
4006:
3972:
3899:
3824:
3768:
3716:
3683:
3676:
3513:10.1108/13619321111202313
2839:12 September 2015 at the
2746:Oxford English Dictionary
1975:A company may also issue
1910:as a part of its overall
1502:Financial Stability Board
288:Constant purchasing power
185:Constant purchasing power
3668:
3446:Vértesy, László (2020).
3201:www.nationaldeadline.com
2910:19 February 2018 at the
2885:15 February 2015 at the
1774:
1191:Mergers and acquisitions
619:Accounting organizations
607:People and organizations
26:Not to be confused with
3980:Consumer leverage ratio
3891:Tax refund interception
3632:. 2002. pp. 13–14.
3402:3 December 2018 at the
2751:Oxford University Press
2605:According to historian
2601:Interest § History
2203:Role of rating agencies
2187:Collateral and recourse
2101:risk-free interest rate
1938:revenue-based financing
1845:Types of giving finance
367:Amortization (business)
3488:– via REAL-MTAK.
3376:www.oceanfinance.co.uk
2375:Federal Reserve System
2079:
1829:Debtors of every type
1699:. Debt may be owed by
993:certificate of deposit
145:
3985:Debt levels and flows
3465:10.32575/ppb.2020.1.8
2566:Debt levels and flows
2366:Role of central banks
2354:, and be financed by
2297:Market interest rates
2245:Standard & Poor's
2074:
1741:financial transaction
944:Conduit and sink OFCs
491:Management discussion
140:
21:Debt (disambiguation)
3806:Debt snowball method
3630:Emmanuel Association
3226:www.law.syracuse.edu
3076:www.investopedia.com
2684:Debt theory of money
2638:denomination in the
2632:Emmanuel Association
2153:debt-to-income ratio
2045:capital expenditures
1767:from the Latin verb
1739:, debt is a type of
1737:financial accounting
1170:Financial statements
1150:Credit rating agency
1075:Repurchase agreement
458:Financial statements
411:Accounting standards
59:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
3395:Lew, Jacob (2016),
3276:www.creditkarma.com
3176:www.marketwatch.com
2975:Business News Daily
2941:eurofound.europa.eu
2749:(Online ed.).
2621:, described in the
2550:European Commission
2500:are convinced that
2419:of this section is
2373:, such as the U.S.
2172:securing the loan.
2166:loan-to-value ratio
2113:The United Nations
2047:and other business
1743:, as distinct from
1606:Accounting scandals
1596:Stock market bubble
1316:Government spending
1273:Employment contract
1225:Corporate tax haven
984:Credit default swap
684:Earnings management
654:Positive accounting
528:Double-entry system
518:Bank reconciliation
323:Revenue recognition
3596:www.jubileeusa.org
2903:Soman, D. (2003).
2777:www.etymonline.com
2651:World Bank, 2019.
2510:developing nations
2308:Loans versus bonds
2080:
2051:produced in their
2029:Debt consolidation
2019:commercial invoice
1819:Default provisions
1601:Stock market crash
1451:Investment banking
1441:Fractional-reserve
1406:Warrant of payment
1355:Government revenue
1278:Financial planning
1196:Structured finance
659:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
594:Sarbanes–Oxley Act
523:Debits and credits
358:Cost of goods sold
313:Matching principle
146:
28:Debits and credits
4039:
4038:
3886:Strategic default
3851:Collection agency
3764:
3763:
3746:Predatory lending
3005:www.hampshire.edu
2757:(Subscription or
2623:Book of Leviticus
2521:debt-to-GDP ratio
2506:debt cancellation
2460:
2459:
2452:
2319:, tradeable on a
2015:traveler's cheque
1999:also used in the
1979:, which are debt
1912:corporate finance
1713:contractual terms
1679:
1678:
1569:
1568:
1519:
1518:
1507:Deposit insurance
1413:
1412:
1247:
1246:
1145:Corporate finance
1140:Capital structure
1135:Capital budgeting
1070:Performance bonds
951:
950:
934:Financial centres
894:Financial planner
794:Asset (economics)
743:
742:
704:Two sets of books
699:Off-balance-sheet
341:Selected accounts
278:Accounting period
135:
134:
127:
109:
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3731:Consumer lending
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3301:www.econ.jhu.edu
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2678:
2676:Economics portal
2673:
2672:
2625:. Similarly, in
2595:History of money
2584:
2582:
2560:Levels and flows
2546:business failure
2517:Great Depression
2494:Third World debt
2455:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2435:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2277:creditworthiness
2263:, where ratings
2001:land development
1996:letter of credit
1880:"monopoly" money
1872:purchasing power
1705:local government
1671:
1664:
1657:
1643:Money portal
1641:
1640:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1579:Economic history
1541:
1540:
1474:
1473:
1372:Deficit spending
1346:Transfer payment
1312:
1311:
1240:Transfer pricing
1186:Leveraged buyout
1160:Enterprise value
1114:
1113:
1029:Letter of credit
1014:Futures contract
847:
845:Over-the-counter
834:Foreign exchange
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3866:Debtors' prison
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3786:Management plan
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3560:Hudson, Michael
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3404:Wayback Machine
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2969:Uzialko, Adam.
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2646:Further reading
2603:
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2470:Islamic banking
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2294:
2275:depends on its
2237:rating agencies
2211:
2205:
2189:
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2127:
2090:Government debt
2086:
2084:Government debt
2069:
1966:risk management
1961:syndicated loan
1896:
1852:
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1825:Debt collection
1821:
1805:balloon payment
1797:
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1701:sovereign state
1675:
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1562:Fund governance
1538:
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1487:Banking license
1478:Bank regulation
1465:
1436:Deposit account
1425:
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1401:Non-tax revenue
1397:
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1201:Venture capital
1165:Risk management
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1090:Syndicated loan
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308:Historical cost
293:Economic entity
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3964:Securitization
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3816:Loan guarantee
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3756:Vendor finance
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3577:978-3981826029
3576:
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3507:(4): 153–166.
3491:
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3326:www.cairn.info
3313:
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3251:www.forbes.com
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2689:Debt deflation
2686:
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2611:Middle Eastern
2593:Main article:
2590:
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2564:Main article:
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2440:September 2018
2413:
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2344:securitization
2309:
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2303:Bond valuation
2301:Main article:
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2214:Credit bureaus
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2139:Income metrics
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2125:Municipalities
2123:
2082:Main article:
2068:
2065:
2034:interest rates
2023:bill of lading
1951:private equity
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1888:European Union
1856:mortgage loans
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215:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
198:
197:
192:
187:
182:
176:
173:
172:
164:
163:
157:
156:
133:
132:
47:
45:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4079:
4068:
4067:Financial law
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4026:Interest rate
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4005:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:Restructuring
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:Consolidation
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3726:Business loan
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3664:
3659:
3657:
3652:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3587:
3579:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3495:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3392:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3302:
3298:
3292:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3127:
3123:
3117:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3034:
3021:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2946:
2942:
2935:
2929:
2920:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2849:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2829:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2802:Chen, James.
2798:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2666:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2586:
2585:during 2004.
2578:
2573:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2526:credit crunch
2522:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2471:
2465:
2454:
2451:
2443:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2371:Central banks
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2257:credit rating
2254:
2250:
2249:Fitch Ratings
2246:
2242:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2218:credit scores
2215:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2160:Value metrics
2157:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2077:treasury bond
2073:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2006:advising bank
2002:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1923:principal sum
1920:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1858:, car loans,
1857:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1787:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1731:, notes, and
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1536:Financial law
1534:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:Basel Accords
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:Tax inversion
1228:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1095:Synthetic CDO
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
962:
957:
956:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
930:
929:
926:
923:
922:
917:
914:
912:
909:
905:
904:institutional
902:
901:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
881:
880:
879:
876:
873:
872:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
846:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
809:Capital asset
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
789:
786:
783:
782:
777:
772:
771:
767:
763:
762:
759:
756:
755:
751:
747:
746:
736:
731:
729:
724:
722:
717:
716:
714:
713:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
689:Error account
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
669:
668:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
634:
633:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
604:
603:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
567:
562:
561:
553:
552:Trial balance
550:
548:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
533:FIFO and LIFO
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
511:
506:
505:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
471:Balance sheet
469:
467:
466:Annual report
464:
463:
459:
454:
453:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
412:
407:
406:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
338:
337:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
303:Going concern
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
275:
268:
267:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
203:
202:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
175:
174:
170:
166:
165:
162:
159:
158:
154:
150:
149:
143:
139:
129:
126:
118:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76: –
75:
71:
70:Find sources:
64:
60:
54:
53:
48:This article
46:
42:
37:
36:
33:
29:
22:
3996: /
3992: /
3959:Money market
3954:Fixed income
3881:Phantom debt
3861:Debt bondage
3829:
3669:
3621:
3616:
3606:22 September
3604:. Retrieved
3595:
3586:
3565:
3554:
3542:. Retrieved
3521:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3482:. Retrieved
3455:
3451:
3441:
3431:26 September
3429:. Retrieved
3420:
3411:
3391:
3379:. Retrieved
3375:
3366:
3354:. Retrieved
3350:
3341:
3329:. Retrieved
3325:
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3300:
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3275:
3266:
3254:. Retrieved
3250:
3241:
3229:. Retrieved
3225:
3216:
3204:. Retrieved
3200:
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3175:
3166:
3154:. Retrieved
3151:www.cnbc.com
3150:
3141:
3129:. Retrieved
3125:
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3100:
3091:
3079:. Retrieved
3075:
3066:
3054:. Retrieved
3050:
3041:
3008:. Retrieved
3004:
2995:
2983:. Retrieved
2974:
2964:
2952:. Retrieved
2940:
2928:
2919:
2848:
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2808:Investopedia
2807:
2797:
2785:. Retrieved
2776:
2767:
2744:
2733:
2724:
2720:
2707:
2653:
2619:Jubilee year
2615:
2607:Paul Johnson
2604:
2572:underwriting
2570:Global debt
2569:
2553:
2542:
2538:bankruptcies
2514:
2486:
2475:
2467:
2446:
2437:
2415:
2369:
2341:
2311:
2292:Debt markets
2270:
2264:
2260:
2234:
2212:
2190:
2177:down payment
2174:
2163:
2150:
2142:
2128:
2112:
2105:
2094:
2087:
2042:
2027:
1993:
1974:
1970:underwriting
1958:
1935:
1931:bullet loans
1916:
1897:
1884:
1876:
1864:income taxes
1853:
1828:
1813:credit cards
1798:
1790:
1768:
1762:
1749:
1703:or country,
1681:
1680:
1532:
1461:Money supply
1446:Full-reserve
1431:Central bank
1291:Student loan
1266: /
1178:Transactions
989:Time deposit
875:Participants
804:Asset growth
624:Luca Pacioli
545: /
365: /
363:Depreciation
271:Key concepts
243:Governmental
121:
115:January 2009
112:
102:
95:
88:
81:
69:
57:Please help
52:verification
49:
32:
3998:Odious debt
3876:Garnishment
3741:Payday loan
3677:Instruments
3544:20 February
3484:27 December
3458:: 146–169.
3421:sdgs.un.org
3351:www.esri.ie
2804:"Principal"
2627:Deuteronomy
2534:consumption
2502:debt relief
2489:odious debt
2321:bond market
2273:refinancing
2119:2030 Agenda
2108:debt-to-GDP
2067:Governments
2049:investments
2038:loan sharks
1870:and future
1860:credit card
1850:Individuals
999:Credit line
961:Instruments
856:Real estate
819:Derivatives
637:Development
614:Accountants
510:Bookkeeping
429:Convergence
387:Liabilities
318:Materiality
206:Major types
142:Payday loan
4046:Categories
4016:Insolvency
3924:Government
3856:Compliance
3846:Charge-off
3826:Collection
3776:Bankruptcy
3769:Management
3736:Loan shark
3703:Government
3626:Logansport
3029:|url=
2985:5 December
2761:required.)
2700:References
2694:World debt
2599:See also:
2528:followed.
2498:economists
2484:accepted.
2462:See also:
2417:neutrality
2397:Criticisms
2348:securities
2337:syndicates
2317:securities
2253:A. M. Best
2239:, such as
2230:TransUnion
2207:See also:
2193:collateral
2170:collateral
2097:Treasuries
1981:securities
1914:strategy.
1908:operations
1894:Businesses
1862:debt, and
1839:bankruptcy
1835:collateral
1765:Old French
1529:Regulation
1333:Operations
1286:Retirement
1125:Accounting
1009:Derivative
916:Speculator
748:Part of a
672:Misconduct
298:Fair value
248:Management
190:Management
161:Accounting
85:newspapers
3973:Economics
3934:Municipal
3919:Diplomacy
3914:Corporate
3871:Distraint
3708:Municipal
3698:Debenture
3693:Corporate
3570:. Islet.
3474:229409912
2636:Methodist
2530:Deflation
2428:talk page
2387:deflation
2383:inflation
2352:mortgages
2315:are debt
2181:appraisal
1954:investors
1919:term loan
1809:mortgages
1801:amortized
1795:Repayment
1780:Principal
1759:Etymology
1733:mortgages
1717:principal
1688:, to pay
1591:Recession
1552:ISO 31000
1235:Tax haven
1109:Corporate
1024:Insurance
1019:Indemnity
925:Locations
814:Commodity
694:Hollywood
574:Financial
476:Cash-flow
233:Financial
4021:Interest
3994:Internal
3990:External
3909:Consumer
3841:Bad debt
3600:Archived
3562:(2018).
3535:Archived
3478:Archived
3425:Archived
3400:Archived
3020:cite web
2979:Archived
2954:19 April
2945:Archived
2908:Archived
2883:Archived
2837:Archived
2818:1 August
2812:Archived
2781:Archived
2715:(1894).
2662:See also
2583:trillion
2421:disputed
2391:currency
2379:currency
2339:a loan.
2226:Experian
2061:leverage
1927:interest
1721:interest
1697:creditor
1693:borrowed
1367:Taxation
1257:Personal
1210:Taxation
1085:Security
1039:Mortgage
899:Investor
679:Creative
649:Research
579:Internal
566:Auditing
382:Goodwill
377:Expenses
228:Forensic
153:a series
151:Part of
4011:Default
3939:Venture
3929:Medical
3901:Markets
3833:Evasion
3795:history
3381:22 July
3356:22 July
3331:22 July
3306:22 July
3281:22 July
3256:22 July
3231:22 July
3206:22 July
3181:22 July
3156:22 July
3131:22 July
3106:22 July
3081:22 July
3056:22 July
3031:value (
3010:22 July
2589:History
2286:default
2241:Moody's
2222:Equifax
2059:. This
1989:coupons
1947:Lenders
1904:finance
1900:company
1831:default
1709:company
1619:Outline
1423:Banking
1387:balance
1385: (
1117:General
1049: (
1004:Deposit
824:Domains
776:Markets
758:Finance
644:History
538:Journal
397:Revenue
283:Accrual
99:scholar
4057:Credit
3828:
3791:Relief
3574:
3472:
3027:Check
2787:20 May
2773:"Debt"
2740:"debt"
2581:
2554:et al.
2519:, the
2333:CUSIPs
2265:Aa-Caa
2251:, and
2228:, and
2197:assets
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