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philosophers have attempted to give them conceptual definition in their metaphysical systems. On that basis, Dilthey found it possible to distinguish three general recurring types of worldview. The first of these he called naturalism because it gives priority to the perceptual and experimental determination of what is and allows contingency to influence how we evaluate and respond to reality. Naturalism can be found in
Democritus, Hobbes, Hume and many other modern philosophers. The second type of worldview is called the idealism of freedom and is represented by Plato, Descartes, Kant, and Bergson among others. It is dualistic and gives primacy to the freedom of the will. The organizational order of our world is structured by our mind and the will to know. The third type is called objective idealism and Dilthey sees it in Heraclitus, Parmenides, Spinoza, Leibniz and Hegel. In objective idealism the ideal does not hover above what is actual but inheres in it. This third type of worldview is ultimately monistic and seeks to discern the inner coherence and harmony among all things. Dilthey thought it impossible to come up with a universally valid metaphysical or systematic formulation of any of these worldviews, but regarded them as useful schema for his own more reflective kind of life philosophy. See
591:(DTA), involving an ambiguous word completion test (e.g. "COFF__" could either be completed as either "COFFEE" or "COFFIN" or "COFFER"), participants who had read the essay attacking their worldview were found to have a significantly higher level of DTA than the control group, who read a similar essay attacking Australian cultural values. Mood was also measured following the worldview threat, to test whether the increase in death thoughts following worldview threat were due to other causes, for example, anger at the attack on one's cultural worldview. No significant changes on mood scales were found immediately following the worldview threat.
584:(TMT), serves as a buffer against death anxiety. It is theorized that living up to the ideals of one's worldview provides a sense of self-esteem which provides a sense of transcending the limits of human life (e.g. literally, as in religious belief in immortality; symbolically, as in art works or children to live on after one's death, or in contributions to one's culture). Evidence in support of terror management theory includes a series of experiments by Jeff Schimel and colleagues in which a group of Canadians found to score highly on a measure of patriotism were asked to read an essay attacking the dominant Canadian worldview.
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658:, and that provides the foundation on which we live and move and have our being." He suggests that "we should all think in terms of worldviews, that is, with a consciousness not only of our own way of thought but also that of other people, so that we can first understand and then genuinely communicate with others in our pluralistic society."
602:. Participants were asked to read an essay which argued in support of the theory of evolution, following which the same measure of DTA was taken as for the Canadian group. Religious participants with a creationist worldview were found to have a significantly higher level of death-thought accessibility than those of the control group.
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and their
Development in Metaphysics" that became quite influential. Dilthey characterized worldviews as providing a perspective on life that encompasses the cognitive, evaluative, and volitional aspects of human experience. Although worldviews have always been expressed in literature and religion,
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defines a worldview as "a commitment, a fundamental orientation of the heart, that can be expressed as a story or in a set of presuppositions (assumptions which may be true, partially true, or entirely false) which we hold (consciously or subconsciously, consistently or inconsistently) about the
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The commitment mentioned by James W. Sire can be extended further. The worldview increases the commitment to serve the world. With the change of a person's view towards the world, he/she can be motivated to serve the world. This serving attitude has been illustrated by Tareq M Zayed as the
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A third alternative sees the worldview approach as only a methodological relativism, as a suspension of judgment about the truth of various belief systems but not a declaration that there is no global truth. For instance, the religious philosopher
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which are philosophically equivalent to the axioms of the worldview considered as a logical or consistent theory. These basic beliefs cannot, by definition, be proven (in the logical sense) within the worldview – precisely because they are
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and later popularized by Hegel, was always used in German and later in
English to refer more to philosophies, ideologies and cultural or religious perspectives, than to linguistic communities and their mode of apprehending reality.
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Anthropologically, worldviews can be expressed as the "fundamental cognitive, affective, and evaluative presuppositions a group of people make about the nature of things, and which they use to order their lives."
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Goldenberg, Jamie L.; Cox, Cathy R.; Pyszczynski, Tom; Greenberg, Jeff; Solomon, Sheldon (November 2002). "Understanding human ambivalence about sex: The effects of stripping sex of meaning".
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Schimel, Jeff; Hayes, Joseph; Williams, Todd; Jahrig, Jesse (2007). "Is death really the worm at the core? Converging evidence that worldview threat increases death-thought accessibility".
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found that highlighting the similarities between humans and other animals increases death-thought accessibility, as does attention to the physical rather than meaningful qualities of sex.
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with "Exploring
Religions and Analysing Worldviews" and argues for "the neutral, dispassionate study of different religious and secular systems—a process I call worldview analysis."
161:. Additionally, it refers to the framework of ideas and beliefs forming a global description through which an individual, group or culture watches and interprets the
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is a belief-reasoning formalism where beliefs explicitly are subjectively held by individuals but where a consensus between different worldviews can be achieved.
363:. Underhill also proposed five subcategories for the study of worldview: world-perceiving, world-conceiving, cultural mindset, personal world, and perspective.
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was used by
Humboldt to refer to the overarching conceptual and sensorial apprehension of reality shared by a linguistic community (Nation). On the other hand,
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The problem of self-refutation is quite general. It arises whether truth is relativized to a framework of concepts, of beliefs, of standards, of practices.
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and cognitive values. Clément Vidal has proposed metaphilosophical criteria for the comparison of worldviews, classifying them in three broad categories:
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Pogorskiy, E. (2015). Using personalisation to improve the effectiveness of global educational projects. E-Learning and
Digital Media, 12(1), 57–67.
1190:. VUB Press. Translation of Apostel and Van der Veken 1991 with some additions. – The basic book of World Views, from the Center Leo Apostel.
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A paper examining the concept of worldview as it relates to and has been used by
Christianity. Contains a helpful annotated bibliography.
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The comparison of religious, philosophical or scientific worldviews is a delicate endeavor, because such worldviews start from different
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On the other hand, if different worldviews are held to be basically incommensurate and irreconcilable, then the situation is one of
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To test the generalisability of these findings to groups and worldviews other than those of nationalistic
Canadians, Schimel
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and his followers clearly hold that individuals can construct worldviews, other writers regard worldviews as operating at a
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If two different worldviews have sufficient common beliefs it may be possible to have a constructive dialogue between them.
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inTERRAgation.com—A documentary project. Collecting and evaluating answers to "the meaning of life" from around the world.
194:. This expression is used to refer to the "wide worldview" or "wide world perception" of a people, family, or person. The
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of a people originates from the unique world experience of a people, which they experience over several millennia. The
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wrote extensively on "the
Religious Worldview" in exploring the philosophical significance of Eastern religions.
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545:. A constructed world-view should contain an account of its own "building blocks", its origins and construction.
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The God
Contention—Comparing various worldviews, faiths, and religions through the eyes of their advocates.
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way. For instance, if one's worldview is fixed by one's language, as according to a strong version of the
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conducted a similar experiment on a group of religious individuals whose worldview included that of
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662:'Emancipatory Worldview' in his writing "History of emancipatory worldview of Muslim learners".
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According to James W. Underhill, worldview can periodically be used very differently by certain
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orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's
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828:(Transferred to digital print. ed.). Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press.
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has been one of the most significant developments in the recent history of the church."
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Vidal, Clément (April 2012). "Metaphilosophical Criteria for Worldview Comparison".
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Superintelligence and World-views: Putting the Spotlight on Some Important Issues
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892:. Cambridge, Mass.: Technology Press of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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Wiki Worldview Themes: A Structure for Characterizing and Analyzing Worldviews
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Transforming Worldviews: an anthropological understanding of how people change
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International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems
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This article is about the concept. For the WorldView satellite class, see
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For a discussion of the long history of religious dialogue in India, see
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394:. However their coherence can be explored philosophically and logically.
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38:. For the Worldview public television network owned by MHz Networks, see
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Language, Thought, and Reality. Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf
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has also raised questions on religious worldviews for the designers of
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Worldviews: Crosscultural Explorations of Human Beliefs (3rd Edition)
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Worldview and Mind: Religious Thought and Psychological Development.
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Ethnolinguistics and Cultural Concepts: truth, love, hate & war
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771:"Weltanschauung – Definition of Weltanschauung by Merriam-Webster"
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Religious practices will tie closely to a religion's worldview.
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450:: intersubjective consistency, collective utility, narrativity
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1378:. Guildford, Surrey, UK: Grosvenor House Publishing Limited.
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conditions, the economic resources available, socio-cultural
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Fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society
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and Rodi, Wilhelm Dilthey, Selected Works, volume 6, 2019.
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Creating worldviews : metaphor, ideology and language
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444:: subjective consistency, personal utility, emotionality
422:
Worldviews: Cross-cultural Explorations of Human Beliefs
34:. For the World View near-space balloon technology, see
1518:
World View article on the Principia Cybernetica Project
404:
and would therefore incur the standard criticisms from
377:
One can think of a worldview as comprising a number of
299:, it would probably be seen to cross political borders—
1340:"History of emancipatory worldview of Muslim learners"
1294:
Last Writings: Nothingness and the Religious Worldview
1007:
In the Christian tradition this goes back at least to
853:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic. p. 15.
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of the world. It should comprise these six elements:
85:
postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics.
938:. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press.
1434:. Archived from the original on 20 September 2009.
1326:The Universe Next Door: A Basic World view Catalog
309:borders and common experiences of a people from a
1566:Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2009.
1420:includes links to roughly 1000 Knowledge articles
4522:
1478:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1444:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1188:"World views. From Fragmentation to Integration"
819:
817:
501:, answering the question "Where are we heading?"
1075:Relativism, the Central Problem for Faith Today
1015:, and has roots in the debates recorded in the
983:See for example Daniel Hill and Randal Rauser:
788:
1608:
1468:. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
814:
438:: objective consistency, scientificity, scope
1217:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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796:"Worldview (philosophy) – Encyclopedia.com"
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727:. University of Texas Press. p. 114.
267:published an essay entitled "The Types of
1461:World View, Metaphysics, and Epistemology
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963:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
958:
933:
823:
568:, one's worldview helps to alleviate the
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478:According to Apostel, a worldview is an
92:
1328:pp. 15–16 (text readable at Amazon.com)
1210:
1208:
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725:Toward A Theory of Cultural Linguistics
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1062:Pope Benedict warns against relativism
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241:. However, Humboldt's key concept was
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1836:
1634:
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1573:, Springer Verlag, 1981, 1983, 1987,
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1089:"A Logic For Uncertain Probabilities"
1039:, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
878:
672:– machines much smarter than humans.
120:
1373:
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640:World view: The History of a Concept
1306:Worldview: The History of a Concept
1051:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
523:: "How should we attain our goals?"
24:
1411:Wikibook:The scientific world view
1087:Jøsang, Audun (21 November 2011).
454:
210:of that people in the form of its
25:
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1571:Cosmology, Physics and Philosophy
1404:
1337:
40:MHz Networks § MHz Worldview
1167:10.1111/j.1467-9973.2012.01749.x
826:Humboldt, Worldview and Language
574:awareness of one's own mortality
263:In 1911, the German philosopher
81:; fundamental, existential, and
1555:American Scientific Affiliation
1510:Do Christians have a Worldview?
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508:questions: "What should we do?"
233:is often wrongly attributed to
1292:Indeed Kitaro's final book is
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285:If it were possible to draw a
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1:
4111:Traditional African religions
1622:
749:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
687:
3708:
1537:Worldviews – An Introduction
1013:Dialogues with Trypho, A Jew
959:Underhill, James W. (2012).
934:Underhill, James W. (2011).
824:Underhill, James W. (2009).
88:
7:
3439:Food and drink prohibitions
1837:
701:Funk, Ken (21 March 2001).
675:
644:Christianity as a worldview
612:
589:death-thought accessibility
386:, and are typically argued
165:and interacts with it as a
77:. A worldview can include
10:
4577:
1229:10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.789
988:Edinburgh University Press
580:A worldview, according to
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2327:Cross-cultural psychology
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2145:Manipulation (psychology)
2011:
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1557:(a Christian perspective)
1496:19 September 2017 at the
1264:10.1080/00224490209552155
1108:10.1142/S0218488501000831
849:Hiebert, Paul G. (2008).
334:Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
301:
295:
269:
206:
204:of a people reflects the
196:
190:is the German concept of
174:
122:[ˈvɛltʔanˌʃaʊ.ʊŋ]
56:
4561:Epistemology of religion
4556:Concepts in epistemology
2677:Mass psychogenic illness
2528:Collective effervescence
1969:Self-fulfilling prophecy
1655:Collective consciousness
1025:The Argumentative Indian
985:Christian Philosophy A–Z
723:Palmer, Gary B. (1996).
582:terror management theory
566:terror management theory
556:Terror management theory
550:Terror management theory
367:Comparison of worldviews
237:, the founder of German
178:and cognitive philosophy
4017:Eastern Orthodox Church
2558:Culture-bound syndromes
2533:Collective intelligence
1549:4 February 2010 at the
1252:Journal of Sex Research
656:construction of reality
4551:Psychological concepts
4546:Psychological attitude
4458:Social constructionism
4116:Unitarian Universalism
2920:Observational learning
2648:In-group and out-group
2588:False consensus effect
2267:Suppression of dissent
2165:Moral entrepreneurship
2135:Ideological repression
2123:Historical revisionism
1659:Collective unconscious
1540:from Project Worldview
1524:5 January 2010 at the
1427:You are what you speak
1355:Cite journal requires
703:"What is a Worldview?"
649:The Christian thinker
622:
577:
473:Sapir–Whorf hypothesis
406:philosophical realists
336:aims to show the gene-
251:
228:
143:
135:
114:
101:
36:World View Enterprises
4007:Chinese folk religion
2707:Political correctness
2702:Pluralistic ignorance
2391:Identity (philosophy)
2217:Religious persecution
2200:Psychological warfare
2180:Political engineering
2031:Argumentum ad populum
1889:Collective narcissism
1867:Attitude polarization
884:Carroll, John Bissell
620:
563:
357:sociology of religion
331:population geneticist
159:wide world perception
96:
4531:Conceptual modelling
4371:Naturalism (Western)
4366:Naturalism (Chinese)
4278:Renaissance humanism
2834:Conceptual framework
2799:System justification
2638:Hysterical contagion
2222:Religious uniformity
2205:Religious conversion
2061:Cognitive dissonance
1959:Selective perception
1810:Theory of everything
1780:Primal world beliefs
1765:Philosophical theory
1374:Bell, David (2016).
1037:Cognitive Relativism
373:Social Axioms Survey
235:Wilhelm von Humboldt
212:syntactic structures
184:cognitive philosophy
3784:Christian democracy
2747:Social facilitation
2643:Information cascade
2578:Emotional contagion
2516:Collective behavior
2478:Symbolic boundaries
2332:Cultural psychology
2076:Cultural dissonance
1949:Observer-expectancy
1944:Observational error
1929:In-group favoritism
1674:Conventional wisdom
880:Whorf, Benjamin Lee
504:Values, answers to
482:, or a descriptive
402:cultural relativism
390:rather than argued
329:. (The work of the
214:and untranslatable
112:of the German word
61:is the fundamental
4482:Post-structuralism
3236:natural philosophy
2618:Group polarization
2603:Group cohesiveness
2252:Social engineering
2150:Media manipulation
2071:Crowd manipulation
2056:Circular reporting
1974:Clever Hans effect
1954:Selective exposure
802:. 14 December 2019
670:superintelligences
623:
578:
361:discourse analysis
305:is the product of
188:cognitive sciences
102:
79:natural philosophy
4541:Consensus reality
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4492:Transcendentalism
4448:Neo-scholasticism
4429:Neopythagoreanism
3879:Industrialisation
3819:Constitutionalism
3699:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3517:political freedom
3034:mind–body problem
2827:tacit assumptions
2779:Spontaneous order
2769:Social psychology
2722:Self-organization
2066:Critical thinking
1828:
1827:
1795:School of thought
1684:Cultural movement
1664:Conceptual system
1569:Benjamin Gal-Or,
1508:Cole, Graham A.,
996:978-0-7486-2152-1
899:978-0-262-73006-8
860:978-0-8010-2705-5
734:978-0-292-76569-6
642:, "Conceiving of
151:German philosophy
16:(Redirected from
4568:
4180:New Confucianism
4054:Korean shamanism
4024:Ethnic religions
3954:Social democracy
3829:Environmentalism
3809:Communitarianism
3774:Authoritarianism
3716:
3715:
3705:
3704:
3335:Codes of conduct
2986:World disclosure
2974:consensus theory
2742:Social exclusion
2548:Crowd psychology
2543:Consensus theory
2506:Bandwagon effect
2443:Rites of passage
2257:Social influence
2190:Propaganda model
2155:Media regulation
1984:wishful thinking
1934:Magical thinking
1845:
1844:
1834:
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1697:World folk-epics
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410:Subjective logic
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4337:Megarian school
4288:Illuminationism
4264:New historicism
4240:Foundationalism
4225:Eretrian school
4185:Critical theory
4146:Aristotelianism
4141:Agriculturalism
4131:
4125:
4059:Modern paganism
3973:
3884:Intellectualism
3758:
3752:
3710:
3691:
3539:Meaning of life
3444:unclean animals
3301:Aesthetic taste
3287:
3243:Problem of evil
3185:National mythoi
2990:
2808:
2804:Viral phenomena
2794:Swarm behaviour
2737:Social emotions
2732:Social behavior
2712:Pseudoconsensus
2663:Majoritarianism
2563:Deindividuation
2501:Abilene paradox
2487:
2423:Myth and ritual
2281:
2262:Social progress
2237:Self-censorship
2113:Excommunication
2036:Attitude change
2013:
2007:
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1775:Presuppositions
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1180:Diederik Aerts
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1151:(3): 306–347.
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4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Republicanism
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3929:Progressivism
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3874:Individualism
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
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3832:
3830:
3827:
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3817:
3815:
3812:
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3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
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3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3755:
3749:
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3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
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3723:
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3717:
3713:
3706:
3702:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3623:Social stigma
3621:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
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3550:
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3545:
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3540:
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3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3500:jurisprudence
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
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3463:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:Family values
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3414:Entertainment
3412:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3283:Unobservables
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3195:philosophical
3193:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Creation myth
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3029:Consciousness
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
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2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2727:Social action
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2697:Peer pressure
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:Herd behavior
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2613:Group emotion
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
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2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
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2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2464:Social status
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
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2356:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2301:
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2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2277:Woozle effect
2275:
2273:
2272:Systemic bias
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:Social change
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2118:Fearmongering
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:Deprogramming
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2010:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:Filter bubble
1917:
1915:
1914:Ethnocentrism
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:Point of view
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:Metanarrative
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1646:Basic beliefs
1644:
1643:
1640:
1636:Related terms
1633:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1588:
1587:0-387-96526-2
1584:
1580:
1579:0-387-90581-2
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1560:Eugene Webb,
1559:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1542:
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1538:
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1532:
1529:
1527:
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1428:
1422:
1419:
1418:
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1409:
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1391:
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1385:9781786237668
1381:
1377:
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1362:
1349:
1341:
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1313:0-8028-4761-7
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1265:
1261:
1257:
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1131:0-13-020980-5
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1122:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1017:New Testament
1014:
1010:
1009:Justin Martyr
1004:
997:
993:
989:
986:
980:
972:
966:
962:
955:
947:
941:
937:
930:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
901:
895:
891:
890:
885:
881:
875:
873:
871:
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750:
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726:
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704:
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693:
683:
680:
679:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
657:
652:
651:James W. Sire
647:
645:
641:
637:
634:
633:Neo-Calvinist
631:According to
629:
627:
619:
610:
608:
603:
601:
597:
592:
590:
585:
583:
575:
571:
567:
562:
557:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
522:
518:
514:
510:
507:
503:
500:
496:
493:
489:
488:
487:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
433:
432:
430:
425:
423:
419:
413:
411:
407:
403:
398:
395:
393:
389:
385:
380:
379:basic beliefs
374:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:environmental
312:
308:
292:
288:
283:
279:
277:
266:
261:
258:
257:Immanuel Kant
253:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
230:
223:
221:
217:
213:
203:
193:
189:
185:
170:
168:
164:
160:
156:
153:, especially
152:
147:
146:
139:
138:
129:
123:
118:
117:
111:
107:
100:
95:
86:
84:
80:
76:
75:point of view
72:
68:
64:
60:
52:
48:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4439:Reductionism
4415:Pre-Socratic
4395:Neoplatonism
4255:Hermeneutics
4220:Epicureanism
4176:Confucianism
4171:Collectivism
4161:Cartesianism
4012:Christianity
3824:Distributism
3814:Conservatism
3789:Collectivism
3757:Economic and
3682:Works of art
3638:Sublime, The
3529:Magnificence
3480:Human rights
3207:Origin myths
3153:Intelligence
3133:Idios kosmos
2868:Explanations
2839:Epistemology
2764:Social proof
2759:Social group
2717:Scapegoating
2598:Group action
2593:Folie à deux
2583:Entitativity
2460:Social class
2403:Institutions
2295:Anthropology
2160:Missionaries
2086:Echo chamber
2041:Brainwashing
1996:Stereotyping
1904:Cryptomnesia
1894:Confirmation
1820:Value system
1740:Mental model
1623:
1570:
1562:
1536:
1517:
1509:
1460:
1459:"Cobern, W.
1426:
1416:
1375:
1369:
1348:cite journal
1333:
1325:
1320:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1220:
1216:
1175:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1123:
1121:Ninian Smart
1116:
1099:
1095:
1082:
1074:
1068:
1057:
1045:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1012:
1003:
984:
979:
960:
954:
935:
929:
888:
850:
844:
825:
804:. Retrieved
799:
790:
778:. Retrieved
774:
765:
753:. Retrieved
743:
724:
718:
706:. Retrieved
696:
664:
660:
648:
639:
636:David Naugle
630:
624:
606:
604:
595:
593:
586:
579:
528:epistemology
494:of the world
477:
458:
447:
441:
435:
426:
421:
418:Ninian Smart
414:
399:
396:
391:
387:
376:
353:sociologists
346:
344:of people).
311:geographical
284:
280:
262:
246:
242:
226:
224:
216:connotations
191:
181:
158:
155:epistemology
105:
103:
97:View of the
54:
50:
46:
44:
32:DigitalGlobe
4453:Sentientism
4434:Rationalism
4381:Peripatetic
4361:Natural law
4332:Materialism
4260:Historicism
4250:Hegelianism
4200:Determinism
4077:Agnosticism
3949:Sentientism
3919:Nationalism
3869:Imperialism
3799:Communalism
3794:Colonialism
3748:Weltschmerz
3728:Misanthropy
3628:Stewardship
3556:Obligations
3460:Culpability
3451:Golden Rule
3345:Common good
3263:Supernature
3219:Otherworlds
3178:comparative
3148:Information
3143:Incarnation
3080:Eschatology
3014:Anima mundi
2996:Metaphysics
2915:Observation
2910:Methodology
2692:Moral panic
2672:Mass action
2568:Doublethink
2511:Collectives
2433:Pilgrimages
2322:Coronations
2227:Revolutions
2195:Proselytism
2128:negationism
2014:maintenance
1862:Attentional
1721:Life stance
1689:Epic poetry
1679:Conventions
1184:Leo Apostel
1021:Amartya Sen
806:17 December
780:17 December
708:10 December
682:Life stance
605:Goldenberg
600:creationism
538:and false?"
534:: "What is
517:methodology
492:explanation
469:unconscious
461:Leo Apostel
420:begins his
247:Weltansicht
243:Weltansicht
220:denotations
4525:Categories
4420:Pyrrhonism
4410:Pragmatism
4405:Positivism
4308:Kantianism
4215:Empiricism
4133:philosophy
4130:Schools of
4073:Irreligion
4069:Secularity
4002:Cheondoism
3934:Radicalism
3914:Monarchism
3909:Militarism
3894:Liberalism
3839:Fanaticism
3779:Capitalism
3761:ideologies
3759:political
3687:Wrongdoing
3591:Repentance
3581:Punishment
3576:Principles
3571:Praxeology
3360:Creativity
3350:Conscience
3311:Almsgiving
3224:axes mundi
3108:Nonfiction
3085:Everything
2947:Revelation
2935:fallacious
2925:Perception
2861:scientific
2784:Status quo
2623:Groupshift
2538:Conformity
2493:Groupthink
2408:Liminality
2342:Employment
2317:Ceremonies
2185:Propaganda
2170:Persuasion
2046:Censorship
2012:Change and
1991:Status quo
1899:Congruence
755:2 December
688:References
666:David Bell
572:caused by
513:praxeology
499:futurology
442:subjective
371:See also:
338:linguistic
325:, and the
145:Anschauung
51:world-view
18:World view
4468:Spinozism
4400:Pluralism
4391:Platonism
4342:Modernism
4327:Logicians
4195:Cyrenaics
4156:Averroism
4096:Spiritism
4064:Rastafari
3979:Religions
3959:Socialism
3939:Reformism
3904:Masculism
3859:Globalism
3834:Extremism
3804:Communism
3769:Anarchism
3743:Reclusion
3738:Pessimism
3720:Attitudes
3643:Suffering
3606:Sexuality
3596:Reverence
3586:Qualities
3505:religious
3485:Judgement
3465:Happiness
3429:Étiquette
3419:Eroticism
3407:Aesthetic
3390:religious
3385:emotional
3375:Economics
3306:Aesthetic
3268:Teleology
3212:political
3173:Mythology
3138:Illusions
3113:Free will
3099:Existence
3094:Evolution
3068:existence
3051:religious
3046:Cosmology
3041:Cosmogony
3019:Causality
3009:Afterlife
2957:Tradition
2952:Testimony
2930:Reasoning
2890:Intuition
2856:anecdotal
2814:Knowledge
2789:Stigmergy
2774:Sociology
2573:Emergence
2312:Calendars
2108:Euphemism
2096:religious
2091:Education
1924:Homophily
1877:Cognitive
1726:Lifestyle
1624:Worldview
1553:from the
1394:962016344
1153:CiteSeerX
882:(1964) .
532:knowledge
465:community
436:objective
349:linguists
342:evolution
307:political
225:The term
106:worldview
104:The term
89:Etymology
83:normative
67:knowledge
63:cognitive
47:worldview
4473:Stoicism
4376:Nihilism
4322:Legalism
4317:Kokugaku
4283:Idealism
4274:Humanism
4245:Hedonism
4235:Fatalism
4210:Eleatics
4190:Cynicism
4106:Tenrikyo
4029:Hinduism
3997:Caodaism
3992:Buddhism
3969:Veganism
3924:Pacifism
3889:Islamism
3849:Feminism
3733:Optimism
3709:Examples
3658:Theodicy
3648:Sympathy
3544:Morality
3402:Emotions
3397:Elegance
3325:Autonomy
3320:Altruism
3273:Theology
3202:Ontology
3168:Miracles
3024:Concepts
3004:Ætiology
2979:criteria
2962:folklore
2851:Evidence
2667:Mob rule
2658:Lynching
2418:Marriage
2396:cultural
2374:Holidays
2360:Funerals
2355:Families
2337:Doctrine
2300:cultural
2232:Rhetoric
2051:Charisma
2026:Argument
2021:Activism
1909:Cultural
1857:Academic
1790:Schemata
1760:Paradigm
1735:Memeplex
1716:Ideology
1706:factoids
1547:Archived
1522:Archived
1494:Archived
1474:cite web
1440:cite web
1280:24419836
1272:12545414
1237:17484605
676:See also
613:Religion
543:etiology
480:ontology
319:climatic
313:region,
276:Makkreel
218:and its
202:language
186:and the
4502:Yangism
4487:Thomism
4463:Sophism
4205:Dualism
4166:Cārvāka
4151:Atomism
4091:Sikhism
4081:Atheism
4049:Judaism
4044:Jainism
4034:Hòa Hảo
3844:Fascism
3673:Virtues
3512:Liberty
3490:Justice
3470:Harmony
3380:Ecstasy
3365:Disgust
3355:Consent
3315:Charity
3248:Reality
3231:Physics
3123:History
3104:Fiction
3089:Nothing
3075:Destiny
3063:Deities
2878:fideism
2844:outline
2687:Mobbing
2483:Worship
2473:Symbols
2455:Rituals
2448:secular
2413:Liturgy
2379:Hygiene
2350:Slavery
2346:Serfdom
2287:Culture
1838:Aspects
1750:Mindset
1711:Framing
1669:Context
1650:Beliefs
990:(2006)
886:(ed.).
570:anxiety
506:ethical
359:, with
323:systems
289:of the
182:Within
71:culture
4536:Belief
4356:Monism
4351:Mohism
4303:Ionian
4269:Holism
4101:Taoism
4086:Shinto
3987:Baháʼí
3633:Styles
3611:ethics
3601:Rights
3549:public
3534:Maxims
3475:Honour
3424:Ethics
3340:Comedy
3330:Beauty
3258:Spirit
3190:Nature
3163:Matter
3118:Future
2900:Memory
2885:Gnosis
2822:Axioms
2752:animal
2633:Holism
2521:animal
2384:ritual
2364:Burial
2305:social
2210:forced
2101:values
2001:ethnic
1872:Belief
1849:Biases
1815:Umwelt
1585:
1577:
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1450:
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1315:page 4
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1155:
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942:
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832:
731:
654:basic
521:action
459:While
384:axioms
110:calque
73:, and
4039:Islam
3677:Vices
3663:Trust
3653:Taboo
3566:Piety
3561:Peace
3456:Guilt
3293:Value
3253:Souls
3158:Magic
3128:Ideas
2969:Truth
2940:logic
2873:Faith
2553:Cults
2468:Caste
2428:Oaths
2369:Games
1939:Media
1755:Norms
1731:Memes
1702:Facts
1466:(PDF)
1432:(PDF)
1276:S2CID
1092:(PDF)
914:29-30
607:et al
596:et al
515:, or
484:model
291:world
163:world
108:is a
99:world
49:or a
3675:and
3524:Love
3370:Duty
3278:Time
2438:Play
1882:list
1704:and
1583:ISBN
1575:ISBN
1480:link
1446:link
1390:OCLC
1380:ISBN
1361:help
1309:ISBN
1268:PMID
1233:PMID
1127:ISBN
998:p200
992:ISBN
965:ISBN
940:ISBN
904:Pp.
894:ISBN
855:ISBN
830:ISBN
808:2019
782:2019
757:2019
729:ISBN
710:2019
536:true
388:from
351:and
137:Welt
3618:Sin
3495:Law
1800:Set
1260:doi
1225:doi
1163:doi
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1104:doi
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1011:'s
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392:for
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287:map
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