De (Chinese) - Knowledge

3456:

steady and mild. In such an age mountains have no paths or trails, lakes no boats or bridges. The ten thousand things live species by species, one group settled close to another. Birds and beasts form their flocks and herds, grass and trees grow to fullest height. So it happens that you can tie a cord to the birds and beasts and lead them about, or bend down the limb and peer into the nest of the crow and the magpie. In this age of Perfect Virtue men live the same as birds and beasts, group themselves side by side with the ten thousand things. Who then knows anything about "gentleman" or "petty man"? Dull and unwitting, men have no wisdom; thus their Virtue does not depart from them. Dull and unwitting, they have no desire; this is called uncarved simplicity. In uncarved simplicity the people attain their true nature. Then along comes the sage, huffing and puffing after benevolence, reaching on tiptoe for righteousness, and the world for the first time has doubts; mooning and mouthing over his music, snipping and stitching away at his rites, and the world for the first time is divided. Thus, if the plain unwrought substance had not been blighted, how would there be any sacrificial goblets? If the white jade had not been shattered, how would there be any scepters and batons? If the Way and its Virtue had not been cast aside, how would there be any call for benevolence and righteousness? If the true form of the inborn nature had not been abandoned, how would there be any use for rites and music? If the five colors had not confused men, who would fashion patterns and hues? If the five notes had not confused them, who would try to tune things by the six tones? That the unwrought substance was blighted in order to fashion implements — this was the crime of the artisan. That the Way and its Virtue were destroyed in order to create benevolence and righteousness — this was the fault of the sage.

3481:

outside himself, only then does he respond; pressed, only then does he move; finding he has no choice, only then does he rise up. He discards knowledge and purpose and follows along with the reasonableness of Heaven. Therefore he incurs no disaster from Heaven, no entanglement from things, no opposition from man, no blame from the spirits. His life is a floating, his death a rest. He does not ponder or scheme, does not plot for the future. A man of light, he does not shine; of good faith, he keeps no promises. He sleeps without dreaming, wakes without worry. His spirit is pure and clean, his soul never wearied. In emptiness, nonbeing, and limpidity, he joins with the Virtue of Heaven. So it is said, Grief and happiness are perversions of Virtue; joy and anger are transgressions of the Way; love and hate are offenses against Virtue. When the mind is without care or joy, this is the height of Virtue. When it is unified and unchanging, this is the height of stillness. When it grates against nothing, this is the height of emptiness. When it has no commerce with things, this is the height of limpidity. When it rebels against nothing, this is the height of purity.

3531:

before. In loving their mother, they loved not her body but the thing that moved her body. When a man has been killed in battle and people come to bury him, he has no use for his medals. When a man has had his feet amputated, he doesn't care much about shoes. For both, the thing that is basic no longer exists. When women are selected to be consorts of the Son of Heaven, their nails are not pared and their ears are not pierced. When a man has just taken a wife, he is kept in posts outside [the palace] and is no longer sent on [dangerous] missions. If so much care is taken to keep the body whole, how much more in the case of a man whose virtue is whole? Now Ai T'ai‑t'o says nothing and is trusted, accomplishes nothing and is loved, so that people want to turn over their states to him and are only afraid he won't accept. It must be that his powers are whole, though his virtue takes no form."

3487:

brought to light; its virtue cannot be forced to come. But benevolence — you can put that into practice; you can discourse on righteousness, you can dupe one another with rites. So it is said, When the Way was lost, then there was virtue; when virtue was lost, then there was benevolence; when benevolence was lost, then there was righteousness; when righteousness was lost, then there were rites. Rites are the frills of the Way and the forerunners of disorder. So it is said, He who practices the Way does less every day, does less and goes on doing less, until he reaches the point where he does nothing, does nothing and yet there is nothing that is not done." Now that we've already become 'things,' if we want to return again to the Root, I'm afraid we'll have a hard time of it! The Great Man — he's the only one who might find it easy.

3416:

another, and they were called fates. Out of the flow and flux, things were born, and as they grew they developed distinctive shapes; these were called forms. The forms and bodies held within them spirits, each with its own characteristics and limitations, and this was called the inborn nature. If the nature is trained, you may return to Virtue, and Virtue at its highest peak is identical with the Beginning. Being identical, you will be empty; being empty, you will be great. You may join in the cheeping and chirping and, when you have joined in the cheeping and chirping, you may join with Heaven and earth. Your joining is wild and confused, as though you were stupid, as though you were demented. This is called Dark Virtue. Rude and unwitting, you take part in the Great Submission.

854:-like potency inherent in substances, things, and human beings, a potency which, on the one hand, made them true to their essence, and on the other, made possible their influencing of other entities. It appears often as if it had been imagined as a kind of electric charge permeating the thing in question, waxing or waning in accordance with some mysterious law, and capable of being transmitted, in the case of living beings, from one generation to another. Contrary-minded students of ancient Chinese philosophy dispute this interpretation as rather narrow and possibly anachronistic, and point to the fact that 4691:

should be served:' how should they have merely said that he should be made a friend of?" When Tsze-sze was thus displeased, did he not say within himself, — "With regard to our stations, you are sovereign, and I am subject. How can I presume to be on terms of friendship with my sovereign! With regard to our virtue, you ought to make me your master. How can you be on terms of friendship with me?" Thus, when a ruler of a thousand chariots sought to be on terms of friendship with a scholar, he could not obtain his wish — how much less could he call him to his presence!'

982: 959: 25: 3422:

Virtue; Virtue in the Way; and the Way in Heaven. Therefore it is said, those who shepherded the world in ancient times were without desire and the world was satisfied, without action and the ten thousand things were transformed. They were deep and silent and the hundred clans were at rest. The Record says: "Stick to the One and the ten thousand tasks will be accomplished; achieve mindlessness and the gods and spirits will bow down."

1005: 7472: 4596:

territory. T'ang did it with only seventy li and King Wen did it with only one hundred li. When you use your power to force people into submission, they will never submit with their hearts; it is only because they don't have enough strength to resist. When people submit to virtue, they are happy from the bottom of their hearts, and they submit sincerely, the way the seventy disciples submitted to Confucius."

1028: 3538:

Therefore, they should not be enough to destroy your harmony; they should not be allowed to enter the Spirit Storehouse. If you can harmonize and delight in them, master them and never be at a loss for joy, if you can do this day and night without break and make it be spring with everything, mingling with all and creating the moment within your own mind — this is what I call being whole in power."

3450:

is cautious in his comings and goings. Therefore nothing can harm him. "Hence it is said: the Heavenly is on the inside, the human is on the outside. Virtue resides in the Heavenly. Understand the actions of Heaven and man, base yourself upon Heaven, take your stand in virtue, and then, although you hasten or hold back, bend or stretch, you may return to the essential and speak of the ultimate."

4345:] power of spiritual beings is truly amazing! Looking for them, they cannot be seen. Listening for them, they cannot be heard. There is nothing that they do not embody. They cause the people of the world to fast for purification, and wear beautiful clothes in order to participate at the sacrifices. They are overflowing, seeming to be above, seeming to be on the left and on the right. The 2890:

nor to its "power" the right to be worshiped, nor to its "power" the right to receive homage. It was always and of itself so. Therefore as Tao bore them and the "power" of Tao reared them, made them grow, fostered them, harboured them, brewed for them, so you must, Rear them, but not lay claim to them, Control them, but never lean upon them, Be chief among them, but not manage them.

4608:

was given to the worthiest. When Heaven gave it to the son of the preceding sovereign, it was given to him. ... 'In the case of a private individual obtaining the throne, there must be in him virtue equal to that of Shun or Yü; and moreover there must be the presenting of him to Heaven by the preceding sovereign. It was on this account that Confucius did not obtain the throne.'

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can have no life, and without Virtue, life can have no clarity. To preserve the body and live out life, to establish Virtue and make clear the Way — is this not kingly Virtue? Broad and boundless, suddenly he emerges, abruptly he moves, and the ten thousand things follow him — this is what is called the man of kingly Virtue.

4508:] virtuous nature and follows the path of inquiry, extending himself in breadth and greatness, penetrating all subtleties, penetrating its height and brilliance, following the course of the actualization of the Mean. He reviews the old and learns the new, thickening his character through the valorization of propriety. 4174:

Fan Chih, while strolling with the Master among the Rain Dance altars, said, "May I ask how to heighten virtue, overcome wickedness and resolve delusion?" The Master said, "An excellent question! If you take care of your responsibilities before you seek your own gain, won't this heighten your virtue?

3507:

The man of kingly Virtue moves in simplicity and is ashamed to be a master of facts. He takes his stand in the original source and his understanding extends to the spirits. Therefore his Virtue is far‑reaching. His mind moves forth only when some external thing has roused it. Without the Way the body

3486:

The Yellow Emperor said, "Do-Nothing-Say‑Nothing — he's the one who is truly right. Wild-and-Witless appears to be so. But you and I in the end are nowhere near it. Those who know do not speak; those who speak do not know. Therefore the sage practices the teaching that has no words. The Way cannot be

3455:

The people have their constant inborn nature. To weave for their clothing, to till for their food — this is the Virtue they share. They are one in it and not partisan, and it is called the Emancipation of Heaven. Therefore in a time of Perfect Virtue the gait of men is slow and ambling; their gaze is

3449:

When a man has perfect virtue, fire cannot burn him, water cannot drown him, cold and heat cannot afflict him, birds and beasts cannot injure him. I do not say that he makes light of these things. I mean that he distinguishes between safety and danger, contents himself with fortune or misfortune, and

789:

is anything that happens to one or that one does of a kind indicating that, as a consequence, one is going to meet with good or bad luck. It means, so to speak, the stock of credit (or the deficit) that at any given moment a man has at the bank of fortune. Such a stock is of course built up partly by

4684:

Wan Chang asked Mencius, saying, 'I venture to ask the principles of friendship.' Mencius replied, 'Friendship should be maintained without any presumption on the ground of one's superior age, or station, or the circumstances of his relatives. Friendship with a man is friendship with his virtue, and

4653:

Therefore a prince who is to accomplish great deeds will certainly have ministers whom he does not call to go to him. When he wishes to consult with them, he goes to them. The prince who does not honour the virtuous, and delight in their ways of doing, to this extent, is not worth having to do with.

4601:

Mencius said, 'When right government prevails in the kingdom, princes of little virtue are submissive to those of great, and those of little worth to those of great. When bad government prevails in the kingdom, princes of small power are submissive to those of great, and the weak to the strong. Both

4042:

Chi K'ang Tzu asked Confucius about government saying: "Suppose I were to kill the unjust, in order to advance the just. Would that be all right?" Confucius replied: "In doing government, what is the need of killing? If you desire good, the people will be good. The nature of the Superior Man is like

3860:] perfect virtue. The Master said, "To subdue one's self and return to propriety, is perfect virtue. If a man can for one day subdue himself and return to propriety, all under heaven will ascribe perfect virtue to him. Is the practice of perfect virtue from a man himself, or is it from others?" 3646:

There is no greater evil than for the mind to be aware of virtue, and to act as though it were a pair of eyes. For when it starts acting like a pair of eyes, it will peer out from within, and when it peers out from within, it is ruined. There are five types of dangerous virtue, of which inner virtue

2877:

Truly, if one uses the Way as one's instrument, the results will be like the Way; if one uses the "power" as instrument, the results will be like the "power". If one uses what is the reverse of the "power", the results will be the reverse of the "power". For to those who have conformed themselves to

1458:

during the early Chou period (about 1100 to 600 B.C.). The meanings it conveys in texts from that era are "character," "[good or bad] intentions," "quality," "disposition," "personality," "personhood," "personal strength," and "worth." There is a very close correlation between these meanings

4665:

Hsien-ch'iû Mang asked Mencius, saying, 'There is the saying, "A scholar of complete virtue may not be employed as a minister by his sovereign, nor treated as a son by his father." ... Mencius replied, 'No. These are not the words of a superior man. They are the sayings of an uncultivated person of

4607:

Wan Chang asked Mencius, saying, 'People say, "When the disposal of the kingdom came to Yü, his virtue was inferior to that of Yâo and Shun, and he transmitted it not to the worthiest but to his son." Was it so?' Mencius replied, 'No; it was not so. When Heaven gave the kingdom to the worthiest, it

3990:

Shun, with five ministers, was able to successfully govern the empire. King Wu said, "Altogether I have ten ministers." Confucius said, "Their ability is the issue. Don't you think so? When the T'ang [Shang] and Wu [Zhou] dynasties combined, they had as many ministers as you, with a

3537:

Confucius said, "Life, death, preservation, loss, failure, success, poverty, riches, worthiness, unworthiness, slander, fame, hunger, thirst, cold, heat — these are the alternations of the world, the workings of fate. Day and night they change place before us and wisdom cannot spy out their source.

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as "virtue" except where it has the meaning of a favor or good deed done for someone. This word presents certain difficulties in Chuang Tzu. Sometimes he employs it to mean conventional virtue — that is, virtue in the Confucian or Mo-ist sense — in which case it has bad connotations; at other times

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The "power" of Tao reared them, Shaped them according to their kinds, Perfected them, giving to each its strength. Therefore of the ten thousand things there is not one that does not worship Tao and do homage to its "power". No mandate ever went forth that accorded to Tao the right to be worshiped,

4595:

Mencius said, "He who uses force as a pretense of Humaneness is the de-facto strongman among the princes. But such a strongman must have a large state in order to be effective. The man who uses his virtue to practice Humaneness is the true king. To be a real king you don't need an especially large

4452:

Confucius transmitted the legacy of (sage-emperors) Yao and Shun and modeled his character on that of (sage-kings) Wen and Wu. He was ruled by the Heavenly seasons from above, and combined the Earth and Waters below. He was like Heaven and Earth, which have nothing they do not support, and nothing

4085:

Chieh Yu, the madman of Ch'u, passed by Confucius, singing: "Phoenix! Phoenix! How your virtue has declined! Your past cannot be corrected, But your future is yet to come. Give up! Give up! Those who involve themselves in Government now Will be in danger." Confucius jumped down, wanting to talk to

3530:

Confucius said, "I once went on a mission to Ch'u, and as I was going along, I saw some little pigs nursing at the body of their dead mother. After a while, they gave a start and all ran away and left her, because they could no longer see their likeness in her; she was not the same as she had been

3501:

Heaven and Earth are huge, but they are alike in their transformations. The ten thousand things are numerous, but they are one in their good order. Human beings are many, but they are all subjects of the sovereign. The sovereign finds his source in Virtue, his completion in Heaven. Therefore it is

4659:

Chien asked, "How do you go about 'just being content'?" Mencius said, "If you value virtue and enjoy Rightness, you can be content. Hence the gentleman in dire straits does not lose his sense of Rightness, and when successful, does not lose the Path. Since he does not lose his sense of Rightness

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In the Great Beginning, there was nonbeing; there was no being, no name. Out of it arose One; there was One, but it had no form. Things got hold of it and came to life, and it was called Virtue. Before things had forms, they had their allotments; these were of many kinds, but not cut off from one

4690:

During the frequent interviews of the duke Mû with Tsze-sze, he one day said to him, "Anciently, princes of a thousand chariots have yet been on terms of friendship with scholars — what do you think of such an intercourse?" Tsze-sze was displeased, and said, "The ancients have said, 'The scholar

4647:

Mencius said: "Humaneness brings glory and non-Humaneness brings disgrace. So if you hate disgrace but still involve yourself in what is not Humaneness, it is like hating moisture and living in a basement. If you really hate it, you should honor virtue and respect the good. Install good men into

4026:

Confucius said: "If you govern the people legalistically and control them by punishment, they will avoid crime, but have no personal sense of shame. If you govern them by means of virtue and control them with propriety, they will gain their own sense of shame, and thus correct themselves." (2:3)

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So it is said, With the sage, his life is the working of Heaven, his death the transformation of things. In stillness, he and the yin share a single Virtue; in motion, he and the yang share a single flow. He is not the bearer of good fortune, nor the initiator of bad fortune. Roused by something

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Pervading Heaven and earth: that is the Way. Moving among the ten thousand things: that is Virtue. Superiors governing the men below them: that is called administration. Ability finding trained expression: that is called skill. Skill is subsumed in administration; administration in duty; duty in

841:

The standard translation for it is "virtue," both in the sense of inherent quality and in that of moral excellence, but with the validity of the traditional rendering somewhat shaken by Arthur Waley's insistence on interpreting it as "power." Indeed, it is believed by many scholars that the term

4374:

Sincerity is just 'perfecting' and the Way is just 'following.' Sincerity is the beginning and end of all things. Without sincerity there is nothing. Thus the Superior Man values the process of "becoming-sincere." But sincerity is not "just-perfecting"; it also means "perfecting all things." To

4062:

Confucius said: "The Southerners have a saying: 'If a man is not constant in his self-cultivation, he cannot be a shaman or a healer.' It is a good proverb. If you are not consistently developing your virtue, what can you give to others? You will not even be able to give a diagnosis." (13:22)

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There is no greater affliction than for integrity to be possessed by the mind and for the mind to be possessed by its eye. Once ruled by the mind's eye, a person looks inward, and when she looks inward she is defeated. There are five types of malevolent integrity and the chief among them is

4489:

How great is the Way of the sage! Superabundant, it develops all things, extending up to Heaven. How excellent it is! It embraces the three hundred rules of ceremony, and the three thousand rules of conduct; it waits for the right person and then functions. Hence it is said: "If you do not

4613:

Mencius said, 'The administration of government is not difficult — it lies in not offending the great families. He whom the great families affect, will be affected by the whole State; and he whom any one State affects, will be affected by the whole kingdom. When this is the case, such an

3596:. For instance, this derision of their sophistry: "There is left, there is right, there are theories, there are debates, there are divisions, there are discriminations, there are emulations, and there are contentions. These are called the Eight Virtues.". Translating the witty words of 4453:

they do not cover. His function was like the revolution of the four seasons, the alternation of sun and moon. He nourishes the myriad things and they grow up together without harming each other, and they follow their courses simultaneously without interfering with each other. His [

3682:

The Way has never known boundaries; speech has no constancy. But because of [the recognition of a] "this," there came to be boundaries. Let me tell you what the boundaries are. There is left, there is right, there are theories, there are debates, there are divisions, there are

3871:] humaneness. The Master said, "To completely overcome selfishness and keep to propriety is humaneness. If for a full day you can overcome selfishness and keep to propriety, everyone in the world will return to humaneness. Does humaneness come from oneself, or from others?" 4392:

Only that person who has fully actualized sincerity is able to adjust the strings of the Great Net of the World; is able to establish himself in the Great Root of the World; is able to understand the transformations and the nurturing of Heaven and Earth. So sincere is his

3544:"Among level things, water at rest is the most perfect, and therefore it can serve as a standard. It guards what is inside and shows no movement outside. Virtue is the establishment of perfect harmony. Though virtue takes no form, things cannot break away from it." 4221:

The way of great learning consists in manifesting one's bright virtue, consists in loving the people, consists in stopping in perfect goodness.... The ancients who wanted to manifest their bright virtue to all in the world first governed well their own states.

2949:

This "laying up a store" means quickly absorbing, And "quickly absorbing" means doubling one's garnered "power". Double your garnered power and it acquires a strength that nothing can overcome. If there is nothing it cannot overcome, it know no bounds,

1266:"ten", and the seal script separated the eye and heart with a horizontal line. Poetically this could read as a choice of "from the womb or to the tomb". As the eye is associated with worldly desires and wants as opposed to the heart, being the home of 2970:

The best fighters do not make displays of wrath. The greatest conqueror wins without joining issue; The best user of men acts as though he were their inferior. This is called the power that comes of not contending, Is called the capacity to use men,

3348:.) I prefer not to try to distinguish these two usages in the translation because I do not wish to impose upon the English a distinction that is not explicit in the original. The reader should keep in mind, incidentally, that the words "virtue" ( 757:

It is usually translated 'virtue', and this often seems to work quite well; though where the word occurs in early, pre-moralistic texts such a translation is in reality quite false. But if we study the usage of the word carefully we find that

4115:

Confucius said: "The virtuous will certainly have something to say, but those who have something to say are not necessarily virtuous. The humane man is always brave, but the brave man is not necessarily possessed of humaneness." (14.5)

2878:

the Way, the Way readily lends its power. To those who have conformed themselves to the power, the power readily, lends more power. While to those who conform themselves to inefficacy, inefficacy readily lends its ineffectiveness.

4277:

The inscription of the bath of King T'ang said, "If you renew yourself for one day, you can renew yourself daily, and continue to do so." In the "Announcement of K'ang" it says, "carry out the renewal of the people." The

4175:

If you attack your own evil rather than the evil of others, won't you overcome wickedness? If, because of a moment's anger, you endanger your own life, as well as that of your parents, is this not delusion?" (12:21)

4163:

Confucius said: "Having virtue and not cultivating it; studying and not sifting; hearing what is just and not following; not being able to change wrongdoing: these are the things that make me uncomfortable." (7:3)

860:

had early acquired, at least in Confucian literature, ethical connotations close to our "virtue," that is, as moral, and only rarely amoral or immoral, efficacy. They find, therefore, no quarrel with rendering

3582:) proverb; "I have heard it said, 'The Man of the Way wins no fame, the highest virtue wins no gain, the Great Man has no self.' To the most perfect degree, he goes along with what has been allotted to him.". 3520:(r. 494–468 BCE). The Duke describes meeting a hunchback named Ai Taito, who was famously ugly and charismatic, and asks about his incredible popularity, which the Master attributes to formless and water-like 1487:, all of which mean "to be good, fit, of use." There is another cognate group of words relating to modern English "doughty" (meaning worthy, valiant, stouthearted) that also contribute to our understanding of 764:

can be bad as well as good. What is a 'bad virtue'? Clearly 'virtue' is not a satisfactory equivalent. Indeed on examining the history of the word we find that it means something much more like the Indian

4349:

says: 'Trying to investigate the spirits, we cannot reach them. How could we possibly grasp them with our thoughts?' The manifestation of the subtle and the inconcealability of sincerity is like this."

4590:

There was king Wen, moreover, with all the virtue which belonged to him; and who did not die till he had reached a hundred years — and still his influence had not penetrated throughout the kingdom.

3678:"some special meaning other than its ordinary one of "virtue" in this context", notes Watson, "I believe Chuang Tzu is deliberately parodying the ethical categories of the Confucians and Mo-ists." 3384:

is translated as "virtue." In Taoist or unconventional contexts, it is translated as "integrity." The most etymologically precise equivalent in English is the archaic word "dough[tiness]."

4642:

If a prince hates disgrace, the best course for him to pursue, is to esteem virtue and honour virtuous scholars, giving the worthiest among them places of dignity, and the able offices of trust.

896:, "the way of men and women," is suggestive of sexual activity. Other recommended translation, such as "energy" and "essential quality," seem also inadequate from the etymological point of view. 4158:

said: "When they are careful (about their parents) to the end and continue in reverence after (their parents) are long gone, the virtue of the people will return to its natural depth." (1:9)

4037:

Someone said: "What do you think of the saying: 'Repay harm with virtue'?" Confucius replied, "Then how will you repay virtue? Repay harm with Justice and repay virtue with virtue." (14:36)

4399:; so unfathomable is his depth; so vast is his spaciousness. Who is able to understand this, but one who has the firm, acute, luminous sagely intelligence – who is permeated with [ 3938:"virtue; morality" — "If you are virtuous, you will not be lonely. You will always have friends." (4:25) — he frequently criticized his contemporaries for having lost it. He described 926:

in English. Of these, the last is by far the most frequently encountered. Unfortunately, it is also probably the least appropriate of all to serve as an accurate translation of

4032:

Confucius said: "The Superior Man cares about virtue; the inferior man cares about material things. The Superior Man seeks discipline; the inferior man seeks favors." (4:11)

4660:

when in dire straits, the gentleman is able to keep a grasp on himself. Since he does not lose the Path when he becomes successful, the people are not disappointed in him."

4021:

Confucius said: "He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it." (2:1)

3360:) are homophones, and this fact is the basis of frequent puns and word plays — that is, the man of true Taoist virtue is one who, as we would say in English, has "got it." 3653:

egocentric integrity. What is meant by "egocentric integrity"? She who has egocentric integrity is possessed by self-love and ridicules whatever she does not do herself.

2598:) as the basis of traditional intersectional and integrative health and wellness, encouraging the experience and expression of the practitioners' True Nature (prenatal 2613:, (five elements) traditional Chinese medicine. The core foundational movements, exercises, and teachings cultivate, direct, and harmonise the internal and external 910:...is evident from the astonishing sweep of thoughtful renderings of its meaning: power, action, life, inner potency, indarrectitude (inner uprightness), charisma, 4282:

says, "Even though Chou was an ancient state, its mandate was sustained anew." Therefore there is nothing in which the Superior Man does not fully exert himself.

3647:

is the worst. What do I mean by inner virtue? He who possesses inner virtue will think himself always in the right, and denigrate those who do not do as he does.

4447:] greatly virtuous always attain their appropriate position, always receive their proper reward, always get their recognition and are always long-lived. 867:, almost invariably, as "virtue." Philologists are, however, troubled by the absence in the Chinese term of any connotations reminiscent of the Latin etymon 4169:

Tzu Chang said: "Keeping one's virtue without extending it; trusting the Tao without enriching it. What can you gain? And what can you get rid of?" (19:2)

5598:

Tao Te Ching: The Classic Book of Integrity and the Way, by Lao Tzu; an entirely new translation based on the recently discovered Ma-wang-tui manuscripts

790:

the correct carrying out of ritual; but primarily by securing favourable omens; for unless the omens are favourable, no rite can be carried out at all.

5749: 4387:] virtue of our nature is that it is none other than the Way by which inner and outer are merged. Thus we can always use it to set things right. 5416:

The divine classic of Nan-Hua: being the works of Chuang Tsze, Taoist philosopher. With an excursus, and copious annotations in English and Chinese

3034:

represents self-nature or self-realization, only in relation to the cosmos. It is in fact the actualization of the cosmic principle in the self.

7525: 1776: 3201:

here by any other English term than 'virtue,' and yet there would be a danger of its thus misleading us in the interpretations of the chapter.

4266:] manifest his virtue." The "T'ai-chia" says, "He contemplated Heaven's unveiled mandate." The "Canon of Yao" says, "he was able to [ 5782: 2394: 4105:

Confucius said: "Even over a long period of time, there have been few people who have actualized the Mean into Manifest Virtue." (6:27)

4057:

Confucius said: "Heaven gave birth to the virtue within me. What can Huan T'ui [who wanted to kill Confucius] do to me?" (7:22)

8239: 4441:. He is sacrificed to in the ancestral temple, and his sons and grandsons have preserved his name. Therefore we can say that the [ 2851:

The man of highest "power" neither acts nor is there any who so regards him; The man of inferior "power" both acts and is so regarded.

1465:(to be fit, of use, proper; acceptable; achieve). And there is a whole series of words derived from the related Teutonic verbal root 4131:

Confucius said: "To apprehend the Tao and lecture on it before actualization is to throw away your accumulation of virtue." (17:14)

920:(conscience as the directive force of one's actions), and virtue, to name only a few of the brave attempts to convey the meaning of 9238: 8286: 7279: 4141:

can be accumulated, and Confucius was not completely pessimistic about virtue going astray. For example, he praised his disciple

783:

is bound up with a theory of transmigration, and its effects are usually not seen in this life, but in a subsequent incarnation.

4121:

Confucius said: "Clever words disrupt virtue. Lack of patience in small matters leads to the disruption of great plans." (15:26)

3991:

woman and nine men. King Wen (of the Chou) controlled two-thirds of the empire, and with this, served the Yin. Indeed, the [

4619:'Confucius said, "The flowing progress of virtue is more rapid than the transmission of royal orders by stages and couriers."' 3985:] perfected level of virtue. He declined the rule of the kingdom three times, without the people knowing about it." (8:1) 1397:"power; virtue". Lastly, he notes a possible etymology of "see straight; looking straight at things; intuition" because early 5733: 5690: 5664: 5607: 5484: 4053:

clearly does not mean moral "virtue", but something like "nature; character". Compare these two semantically similar usages.

3070:

191 times. Many contexts praise Daoist "integrity; inner power", some mock Confucianist and Mohist "virtue", and others make

8271: 8089: 4602:

these cases are the rule of Heaven. They who accord with Heaven are preserved, and they who rebel against Heaven perish.

4043:

the wind, the nature of the inferior man is like the grass. When the wind blows over the grass, it always bends." (12:19)

2486: 89: 466:

is an ancient word with complexities across several subfields of linguistics: namely in its semantics, orthography, and

7762: 5549: 4554:

12:19 wind and grass metaphor, and 7B37 quotes 17:13 about "Conventional townsmen are thieves of virtue." Three common

3004:

is determined by the sum total of one's actions, good and bad. Therefore it is possible to speak of "cultivating one's

2104: 61: 4585:] qualities are necessary for real kingship?" Mencius said: "Take care of the people, and no one can oppose you." 8139: 5538: 3502:

said that the sovereign of dark antiquity ruled the world through inaction, through Heavenly Virtue and nothing more.

2414: 949:

is best translated "integrity", which "means no more than the wholeness or completeness of a given entity," and like

108: 3040:

is the embodiment of the Way and is the character of all entities in the universe. Each creature, each object has a

7244: 6076: 5775: 2544: 68: 8581: 7857: 7126: 6401: 6397: 6227: 5898: 3851: 2825:. "Such the scope of the All-pervading Power. That it alone can act through the Way." Chapter 38, the so-called " 2207: 8224: 7982: 4701:

usages is this context where the word has a markedly negative meaning, semantically opposed to moral "virtue".

2399: 282: 46: 7972: 7737: 5842: 5424: 4885: 2586:

in Japanese, has its roots in Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist theory. This Art centers on the development of

2389: 2089: 42: 4614:[sic] one's virtue and teachings will spread over all within the four seas like the rush of water.' 4110:

Confucius said: "I have never seen one who loves virtue as much as he loves sex." (9:17, repeated in 14:12)

75: 7977: 5924: 5712:: Poetical Correspondence of Sky, Earth, and Humankind in the Early Chinese Virtuous Rule of Benefaction". 4711:] evil ways he was unable to change, while he exacted from the people double the grain formerly paid.' 4437:] virtue was that of a sage, he was venerated as an emperor. His wealth included everything within the 4142: 3668:"eight virtues/powers" first appears in the "Discussion on Making All Things Equal" chapter. Although many 2384: 2121: 1431: 2607:

The unification of mind, body and environment is emphasised using the anatomy and physiological theory of

7361: 7272: 7195: 5768: 2690: 2671: 1719: 1088: 581: 879:

is free from any contamination with sexual associations and differs in that from its great counterpart,

9248: 9228: 9088: 8606: 8394: 5912: 5852: 3096: 2506: 1125: 57: 3944:

as something that one can augment, and praised sage kings who governed through its compelling powers.

3683:

discriminations, there are emulations, and there are contentions. These are called the Eight Virtues.

9243: 8322: 8057: 6557: 6223: 2511: 2444: 4465:] great power is seen in deep transformations. This is why Heaven and Earth are called "great." 9233: 9105: 8673: 8281: 8206: 7742: 5618: 4068: 2079: 1826: 342: 4863: 7779: 7747: 7710: 7545: 7531: 7075: 6881: 6705: 6357: 5907: 3888:] perfect virtue be accorded with. Let relaxation and enjoyment be found in the polite arts." 2684: 2660: 2644: 2084: 2052: 1891: 1794: 1782: 35: 7217: 3334:

he employs it in a good sense to mean the true virtue or vital power that belongs to the man of

1365:

as potent but not coercive, and as arrective rather than corrective. Since early texts describe

9015: 8753: 8539: 8444: 8162: 7837: 7453: 7265: 7210: 6836: 6582: 6418: 4126:

Confucius said: "The 'conventional townsman' is a thief of virtue." (17:13, cf. Mencius 7B:37)

2184: 1884: 1831: 4632:

The second related theme is that rulers should seek out and employ those individuals who have

3209:, which is supposed to have come out of its absoluteness. Even Han Fei so defines it here, — ' 753:

was better translated "power" than "virtue", and explained with a "bank of fortune" metaphor.

8688: 8132: 7458: 7036: 6567: 6195: 6056: 5867: 1836: 721: 8908: 5652: 5595: 6542: 6175: 4300: 3129: 2709: 2537: 2348: 1582: 7675: 2928:

for statesmanship (see meanings six and seven above). A sage ruler can acquire sufficient

8: 8743: 8683: 8544: 8276: 8179: 7190: 6372: 6205: 6180: 6061: 5857: 5655:

Chuang-Tzu: A New Selected Translation with an Exposition of the Philosophy of Kuo Hsiang

2857:

While even he who is best versed in ritual not merely acts, but if people fail to respond

1551:"moral force, virtue, character; quality, nature" is probably in the same word family as 1063: 212: 5531:

Kigo: Exploring the Spiritual Essence of Acupuncture Points Through the Changing Seasons

82: 8708: 8337: 8244: 8173: 8104: 8084: 8074: 8025: 7967: 7503: 7323: 7063: 6273: 6248: 5791: 5517: 5464: 4560:

thematic usages are that wise rulers can utilize its powers, should employ people with

2481: 2471: 2461: 2368: 2333: 1771: 1700: 1067: 677:

A national name. An abbreviation for the Republic of Germany during World War II. [

416: 4199:

chapter. The brief main passage, which is attributed to Confucius, repeats the phrase

3834: 9049: 9043: 8801: 8794: 8663: 8504: 8362: 7725: 7520: 7332: 7296: 7229: 7102: 7056: 7031: 7013: 6288: 6155: 5996: 5878: 5810: 5729: 5696: 5686: 5660: 5603: 5534: 5521: 5480: 5456: 4502:] perfect Way cannot be actualized." Therefore the Superior Man esteems his [ 3022:

is the moral weight of a person, which may be either positive or negative. In short,

2067: 1841: 1693: 1675: 1659: 1654: 1182: 1054: 8972: 7774: 5576:. Sacred Books of the East. Vol. XXXIX and XL. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4151:

as a measurable force that one can "return," "cultivate," "extend," and "heighten".

3837:; human-heartedness" as "perfect virtue", which occasionally creates confusion with 3323:

Burton Watson, whose translation is cited below, describes the subtle connotations:

8809: 8703: 8556: 8256: 8229: 8219: 8125: 8062: 8016: 7999: 7305: 7185: 7149: 7131: 7120: 6771: 5830: 5825: 5683:

The way and its power: A study of the Tao Tê Ching and its place in Chinese thought

5676:

The way and its power: A study of the Tao Te Ching and its place in Chinese thought

5509: 5448: 4740: 4705:

Mencius said, 'Qiu acted as chief officer to the head of the Ji family, whose [

4145:

as "a Superior Man, a man of enhanced virtue" (14:6). These four contexts describe

3972: 2998:

signifies the personal qualities or strengths of the individual, one's personhood.

2953:

And only what knows no bounds is huge enough to keep a whole kingdom in its grasp.

2449: 2358: 2343: 1608: 444: 438: 390: 375: 161: 138: 4100:

Confucius said: "Yu, those who understand virtue are few and far between." (15:3)

3971:, the founder of the Zhou dynasty, and Tai Bo, who ceded the throne to his nephew 9253: 9170: 8883: 8817: 8738: 8167: 8021: 7752: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7601: 7137: 7089: 7082: 7069: 6999: 6921: 5862: 5805: 5653: 5596: 5439:

Boodberg, Peter A. (1953). "The Semasiology of Some Primary Confucian Concepts".

4090:

Here are some Confucian quotations about the rarity of people who possessed true

3968: 3593: 3060: 2530: 2363: 2134: 2094: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2018: 1941: 1628: 480: 4569:

The first and most frequent Mencian teaching is that a ruler should develop his

8929: 8307: 8099: 8052: 8004: 7954: 7927: 7917: 7897: 7767: 7239: 7180: 6851: 6720: 6458: 6218: 4536: 3804: 3687:

Later Confucianists misread this Daoist context and moralistically interpreted

3588:

derogatorily means "virtue; morality" in some contexts mocking the Confucians,

3411:"heaven; god". Chapter twelve, "Heaven and Earth", has two good illustrations. 2859:

Then he will pull up his sleeves and advance upon them. That is why it is said:

2439: 2353: 2321: 2288: 2275: 2255: 2109: 1427: 806:"to plant", Waley further noted the early Chinese regarded planting seeds as a 571:

Intention, purpose, heart, mind. For example: "Be of one heart and mind". [

7223: 5497:"Legitimation Discourse and the Theory of the Five Elements in Imperial China" 1142: 1136: 1130: 1058: 226: 9222: 9114: 8728: 8713: 8693: 8494: 8479: 8464: 8377: 8372: 8266: 8250: 8189: 8079: 8069: 7962: 7932: 7822: 7720: 7703: 7683: 7650: 7560: 7471: 7399: 6951: 6871: 6577: 6135: 6130: 5837: 5460: 4750: 4247: 3319:

is just like that between the water in a river or lake, and water in general.

2841:

The man of highest "power" does not reveal himself as a possessor of "power";

2792:) means "morality, ethical principles, ethics, moral philosophy". Two common 2641:). This in turn gives integrity to the trinity of Heaven, Earth, and Human, ( 2516: 2466: 2456: 2328: 2293: 2169: 2062: 2045: 2025: 1990: 1757: 1171: 1167: 986: 963: 9056: 8980: 5561: 4193:

or "Great Learning" is an early Confucianist text that was transmitted as a

3445:") occurs seven times (see the punning proverb quoted below). For instance, 611:

Blessings, good fortune, happiness, resulting from benevolent actions. [

8950: 8748: 8698: 8668: 8636: 8626: 8621: 8534: 8514: 8434: 8234: 8213: 8184: 8009: 7912: 7907: 7892: 7812: 7715: 7636: 7594: 7377: 7339: 7234: 7143: 7114: 6961: 6956: 6941: 6936: 6866: 6776: 6751: 6725: 6655: 6615: 6610: 6602: 6592: 6552: 6522: 6517: 6501: 6496: 6423: 6405: 6387: 6382: 6336: 5971: 5933: 5820: 5815: 3964: 3705: 2580: 2270: 2265: 2247: 2159: 2057: 1976: 1934: 1873: 1734: 1706: 1186: 1031: 815:

The linguist Peter A. Boodberg investigated the semantics and etymology of

744: 424: 168: 5700: 5513: 1359:

in the active sense of influencing others. He says the Chinese understood

8768: 8658: 8576: 8499: 8449: 8352: 7987: 7882: 7877: 7802: 7629: 7622: 7554: 7437: 7205: 6966: 6926: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6846: 6791: 6756: 6746: 6730: 6715: 6645: 6640: 6630: 6562: 6362: 6331: 6298: 6238: 6114: 6109: 6081: 5569: 4920:"The Su Wen of the Huangdi Neijing (Inner Classic of the Yellow Emperor)" 3960: 3824: 3552:

is famous for wordplay and witticism. Several passages make puns between

2404: 2237: 2232: 2146: 1962: 1955: 1879: 1009: 508:

Morals, morality, virtue, personal conduct, moral integrity, honor. [

2855:

Whereas a man of even the highest morality both acts and is so regarded;

1476: 9081: 8890: 8858: 8723: 8648: 8616: 8596: 8469: 8459: 8419: 8399: 8357: 8094: 8036: 7887: 7867: 7817: 7757: 7567: 6946: 6916: 6891: 6876: 6841: 6811: 6781: 6766: 6695: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6478: 6463: 6453: 6433: 6313: 6303: 6190: 6165: 6026: 6021: 5976: 5946: 5468: 3794: 3517: 2847:

The man of inferior "power" cannot rid it of the appearance of "power";

2695: 2476: 2419: 2242: 2222: 2217: 2164: 2099: 1896: 1802: 917: 7006: 4919: 4540:. Many occurrences are in quotations, for instance 6A6 and 6A17 quote 2946:

You cannot rule men nor serve heaven unless you have laid up a store;

9129: 8875: 8873: 8866: 8864: 8841: 8718: 8551: 8529: 8519: 8474: 8454: 8424: 8414: 8389: 8312: 8261: 7922: 7902: 7862: 7832: 7807: 7643: 7615: 7355: 7156: 6931: 6856: 6831: 6816: 6786: 6761: 6690: 6635: 6547: 6537: 6527: 6512: 6473: 6438: 6413: 6258: 6160: 6071: 6051: 6006: 5961: 5951: 5760: 5619:"Introduction and Notes for a Complete Translation of the Chuang Tzu" 5582: 4721: 4438: 4155: 3534:"What do you mean when you say his powers are whole?" asked Duke Ai. 3513: 3141: 3127: 2746: 2280: 2260: 2212: 2179: 2151: 1983: 1948: 1335:"heart; mind" to connote "innerness", he takes the prefix from Latin 916:(impersonal supernatural force inherent in gods and sacred objects), 812:, hence it "means a latent power, a 'virtue' inherent in something." 467: 419:, usually translated "inherent character; inner power; integrity" in 182: 9001: 5496: 5452: 4623:

Note how these last two examples describe rapidly flowing powers of

4230:

includes nine commentaries. The first one was supposedly written by

3876:

The Master said, "Let the will be set on the path of duty. Let [

1470: 24: 9122: 8943: 8851: 8733: 8653: 8611: 8586: 8561: 8509: 8439: 8384: 8347: 8342: 8332: 8327: 8317: 8031: 7937: 7044: 7020: 6861: 6826: 6796: 6700: 6670: 6650: 6625: 6620: 6572: 6443: 6377: 6283: 6243: 6145: 6125: 6066: 6031: 5941: 3928: 3882:] every attainment in what is good be firmly grasped. Let [ 3564:"integrity; virtue". The "Autumn Floods" chapter quotes a "perfect 2620: 2376: 2298: 981: 958: 900:

Victor Mair explains that the difficulty of accurately translating

842:

originated in the mytho-magical period of Chinese speculation when

562:

Quality, nature, basic character, characteristics, attribute. [

430: 189: 9201: 9063: 9177: 9163: 9096: 9029: 8994: 8922: 8678: 8601: 8571: 8524: 8484: 8409: 8367: 7994: 7942: 7872: 7852: 7842: 7664: 7657: 7447: 7369: 6821: 6806: 6665: 6532: 6448: 6428: 6318: 6308: 6293: 6278: 6263: 6253: 6200: 6185: 6096: 6041: 6011: 5986: 5981: 5956: 5893: 5885: 5728:. Translated by Watson, Burton. Columbia University Press. 1968. 4252: 4242: 4231: 3589: 2338: 2307: 2227: 2199: 2189: 2116: 2004: 1997: 1927: 1765: 1727: 1377: 1004: 9036: 8957: 4260:

In the "Announcement to K'ang" it is said, "He was able to [

4086:

him, but he ran away, so Confucius couldn't talk to him. (18:5)

4011:

topic, and the following citations illustrate the importance of

1506: 1500: 1494: 714:

This dictionary provides early usage examples, and all of these

9145: 9137: 9008: 8987: 8936: 8915: 8758: 8489: 8148: 7847: 7827: 7511: 7495: 7487: 7418: 7288: 7200: 7108: 6886: 6710: 6660: 6483: 6468: 6367: 6352: 6268: 6170: 6150: 6140: 6086: 6036: 5872: 5847: 4189: 3893:

Confucius said: "Set your aspirations on the Tao, hold to [

3600:

can be highly complex. A final instance mentions five types of

2937: 2717: 2701: 2194: 2174: 1908: 1866: 1857: 1850: 1742: 1636: 1027: 955:, "it represents the selfhood of every being in the universe." 420: 398: 245: 1611: 826:, which he called "perhaps the most significant word, next to 584:

theory, a reference to seasonally productive energy/air. [

517:

Denoting a wise/enlightened person with moral character. [

9022: 8964: 8843: 8835: 8631: 8591: 8429: 8291: 7797: 7730: 7608: 7428: 7346: 7163: 6801: 6587: 6347: 6046: 6001: 5991: 5966: 4459:] smaller power is like the rivers and streams. His [ 3135: 3121: 2853:

The man of highest humanity, though he acts, is not regarded;

2141: 2072: 1969: 1750: 1713: 305: 259: 4544:

odes 260 and 247. Mencius frequently quotes Confucius about

4304:, which like the "Great Learning" above was included in the 4217:"), which Legge translates "illustrate illustrious virtue". 3959:" (see above). The two examples below mention the legendary 2831:

Chapter", has the greatest number of occurrences. Note that

1460: 1434: 9193: 9185: 8643: 8566: 8404: 7573: 7096: 6091: 6016: 4886:"What are the benefits of meditation? Meditation can offer" 4246:

sections, an otherwise unknown bathtub inscription of King

4195: 3406: 2395:

Way of the Celestial Masters#The Southern Celestial Masters

1902: 1341:"innate quality; natural disposition" to further neologize 381: 319: 8117: 3642:

translations by Watson ("virtue") and Mair ("integrity"):

3541:"What do you mean when you say his virtue takes no form?" 593:

First growth, initial stage, beginning of something. [

8763: 7314: 7257: 6986: 3295:. The spontaneity that an individual thing receives from 2974:

The secret of being mated to heaven, to what was of old.

1680: 1644: 1391:"to acquire; to obtain", which is a common definition of 544:

Benevolent rule, good government, good instruction. [

194: 3979:

Confucius said: "T'ai Po can be said to have had a [

2837:

is translated as "power" in the following translations.

2750:

where it occurs 44 times, compared to 76 occurrences of

2714:, (traditional food therapy), and the study of hands-on 7538: 7050: 5581:

Kalinowski, Mark (1998–1999). "The 'Xingde' Texts from

4648:

positions of rank and give jobs to people of ability."

3947:

Confucius claimed that the rulers of ancient China had

3905:] humaneness, and relax in the study of the arts." 2652: 1788: 1091:(recurring graphic elements that suggest meaning) with 8970: 5708:

Wang, Huaiyu (January 2015). "A Genealogical Study of

4431:

What a good son was Shun (the sage emperor)! His [

4081:

passage accuses the Master himself of having lost it.

3011: 2863:

After the 'power' was lost, then came human kindness."

2578: 873:, such as manliness and virility. They remind us that 778: 766: 695:

A river name. Another name for the Yellow River. [

436: 428: 347: 8807: 8784: 5425:"The Evolution of the Concept of De 德 in Early China" 4734: 4696: 4675: 4633: 4624: 4570: 4561: 4555: 4545: 4520: 4480: 4474: 4422: 4410: 4394: 4376: 4359: 4324: 4318: 4309: 4235: 4212: 4200: 4146: 4136: 4091: 4072: 4048: 4012: 3954: 3948: 3939: 3933: 3917: 3843:

as "virtue". Compare their translations of these two

3838: 3828: 3798: 3797:

of Confucianism give some insightful explanations of

3775: 3764: 3753: 3742: 3731: 3720: 3709: 3694: 3688: 3673: 3658: 3637: 3631: 3619: 3613: 3601: 3583: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3521: 3492: 3467: 3461: 3460:

This parable blaming sages for losing the primordial

3440: 3426: 3404: 3398: 3388: 3379: 3369: 3355: 3349: 3335: 3328: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3264: 3246: 3240: 3230: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3196: 3190: 3175: 3106: 3105:

into English. Frederic H. Balfour succinctly glosses

3100: 3077: 3071: 3065: 3041: 3035: 3029: 3023: 3017: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2979: 2958: 2935: 2929: 2923: 2910: 2898: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2799: 2793: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2756:. The title refers to a textual division between the 2751: 2733: 2715: 2707: 2699: 2688: 2675: 2666: 2658: 2650: 2642: 2630: 2614: 2608: 2599: 2587: 2566: 2558: 1597: 1586: 1567: 1552: 1537: 1488: 1449: 1440: 1398: 1392: 1381: 1366: 1360: 1346: 1304: 1287: 1281: 1267: 1256: 1245: 1234: 1223: 1194: 1156: 1114: 1103: 1092: 1077: 1048: 1013: 990: 967: 950: 944: 927: 921: 901: 886: 885:, the Way, which, in one or two expressions, such as 880: 874: 862: 855: 843: 827: 816: 807: 801: 795: 784: 772: 759: 748: 738: 715: 654: 642: 633: 621: 485: 456: 409: 366: 173: 2957:

Compare this description of using one's accumulated

378: 287: 4566:, and should understand how it affects friendship. 4071:contemporaries for having diminished their natural 911: 849: 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5495: 5479:. University of California Press. pp. 26–40. 3803:"virtue". Note that the following quotations cite 3263:"That which things get in order to live is called 3203:The 'virtue,' is the activity or operation of the 2865:After human kindness was lost, then came morality, 1280:Boodberg undertook a "graphophonetic analysis" of 1255:"eye", the bronze script elaborated the line into 3512:One of the Inner Chapters has a dialogue between 3307:. As some commentator said, the relation between 837:, in ancient Chinese macro- and microcosmology." 535:Grateful, gratefulness, thankful, indebted. [ 9220: 4317:While Confucianist texts generally describe the 3491:This theme of sagely rulers using the powers of 1616:"a mighty one, one having power and authority". 647:"to plant, grow, establish". Plant a tree. [ 231: 217: 5580: 5397: 4685:does not admit of assumptions of superiority.' 4381:. To perfect others, you need wisdom. The [ 4339:Confucius said: "The overabundance of the [ 777:are generally manifested here and now; whereas 743:into English is problematic and controversial. 5651:Tzu, Chuang; Fung, Yu-lan (15 October 2015) . 4864:"A Brief Introduction To Chinese Martial Arts" 2934:to influence his subjects through, in effect, 2774:—chapters 38–81, since chapter 38 begins with 1233:"straight; vertical" ideographically depicted 1216:"straight", later bronze characters added the 324: 310: 9199: 9183: 8133: 7273: 5776: 5751: 4748: 4728: 4706: 4580: 4525: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4460: 4454: 4442: 4432: 4416: 4400: 4382: 4365: 4340: 4330: 4267: 4261: 4206: 3998: 3992: 3980: 3900: 3894: 3883: 3877: 3866: 3855: 3780: 3769: 3758: 3747: 3736: 3725: 3714: 3699: 3663: 3625: 3607: 3577: 3434: 3184: 3165: 3159: 3153: 3147: 3115: 3083: 2904: 2787: 2739: 2636: 2624: 2593: 2572: 2538: 1602: 1591: 1581:"straight; right". It quotes the proposal of 1576: 1561: 1546: 1421: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1386: 1371: 1330: 1298: 1292: 1261: 1250: 1239: 1228: 1222:"heart; mind" element. The oracle script for 1217: 1211: 1205: 1199: 1161: 1147: 1119: 1108: 1097: 1082: 1071: 1035: 1018: 995: 972: 891: 832: 821: 705: 696: 687: 678: 669: 660: 648: 627: 612: 603: 594: 585: 572: 563: 554: 545: 536: 527: 518: 509: 500: 490: 461: 143: 3997:] virtue of Chou can be called the [ 2762:—chapters 1–37, since the first begins with 1482: 1459:and words deriving from Proto-Indo-European 1376:as an acquired quality, he proposes it is a 729: 264: 250: 9135: 9112: 9103: 9094: 5650: 5051: 4530:"virtue; character" occurs 41 times in the 4286: 2861:"After Tao was lost, then came the 'power'; 1528: 1522: 1516: 1336: 1324: 1314: 868: 526:Kindness, favor, grace, graciousness. [ 427:and other contexts, and "quality; virtue" ( 8240:Four Cardinal Principles and Eight Virtues 8140: 8126: 7304: 7280: 7266: 5783: 5769: 5644:ABC Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese 5641: 4850: 3497:recurs in the "Heaven and Earth" chapter: 3340:. (Compare Waley's rendering of the title 3283:is what an individual thing receives from 3046:which is its own manifestation of the Tao. 2869:After morality was lost, then came ritual. 2545: 2531: 1329:"to implant; to graft"). Interpreting the 1323:"ingrafted; inserted" potency (from Latin 3865:Yen Yüan asked about the meaning of [ 3672:commentators and translators try to give 3393:was central in Daoist cosmology, and the 3289:. The total spontaneity of all things is 3076:wordplays. One of the chapter titles is " 2849:Therefore he is in truth without "power". 1313:"set upright; direct upward" (from Latin 1190: 423:, "moral character; virtue; morality" in 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 5474: 5438: 5422: 4824: 4785: 4323:of humans, one passage portrays that of 3174:James Legge gives this footnote to the " 3134:"excellence"]; in physics, Energy — 3099:) explain the difficulties of rendering 2967:The best charioteers do not rush ahead; 1408:graphs depicted a straight line over an 1026: 1003: 980: 957: 668:Used for "get, obtain, result in". [ 602:A phoenix-head pattern/decoration. [ 8287:Values in Action Inventory of Strengths 5632: 5550:"The Highest Virtue is like the Valley" 5547: 5413: 5025: 4234:, a disciple of Confucius. It explains 3378:In Confucian or conventional contexts, 2813:theme is the interrelationship between 2804:and its usefulness in managing people. 1244:"vertical line (in a character)" above 9221: 5790: 5724: 5528: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5314: 5282: 5266: 5250: 5234: 5221: 5205: 5189: 5173: 5157: 5141: 5125: 5109: 5093: 5064: 4811: 3788: 3158:["body; embodiment"] of which 2893:This is called the "mysterious power." 2780:. The relatively modern compound word 794:Based on the cognate relation between 8121: 7261: 5764: 5681: 5673: 5568: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5038: 4772: 4358:attributes almost mystical powers to 4179: 4067:Confucius recurrently disparaged his 3774:"upright; honorable; integrity", and 2768:: "The Way that can be told"—and the 2687:are emphasized throughout including, 943:, p. 135) concludes that Daoist 5707: 5616: 5593: 5493: 5298: 5077: 5012: 4912: 4883: 4837: 4798: 4739:as a mantic function related to the 4496:] perfect your virtue, the [ 3823:. The more familiar translations of 3327:In nearly all cases I have rendered 3195:, that is. It is not easy to render 2629:) to strengthen the connection with 1134:(without the horizontal 一 line) and 1053:"power; virtue" is written with the 940: 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 8272:Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers 5477:Selected Works of Peter A. Boodberg 4743:and the astronomical notion of the 4733:("Punishment and Virtue") describe 3229:Next, we come to the conception of 2798:themes are its connection with the 2706:("guiding and pulling" exercises), 2487:Taoist Temple (Hanford, California) 1345:. Boodberg concludes that the noun 1303:suggesting movement, he translates 13: 7763:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors 5617:Mair, Victor H. (September 1994). 5354: 5320: 4579:The king said: "What kind of [ 4575:as a means of controlling people: 4272:] manifest his lofty virtue." 3088:, "The Sign of Complete Virtue"). 2105:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors 1355:in the passive sense of power, or 553:Objective regulations/rules. [ 14: 9265: 5743: 4003:] epitome of virtue!" (8:20) 3922:occurs 40 times in the Confucian 3807:'s scholarly translations of the 3618:"), but only lists the first one 2897:Chapters 10 and 65 also use this 2557: 2415:Chinese ritual mastery traditions 1297:"upright; erect" and the radical 720:meanings occur in Han or pre-Han 499:Rise, go up, climb, ascend. [ 7470: 5726:The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu 5533:(1st ed.). Singing Dragon. 4715: 3899:] virtue, rely on your [ 3763:"righteousness; right conduct", 3225:Fung Yu-lan cites two examples: 2725: 1643: 1619: 1286:. Based on the phonetic element 374: 23: 7858:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove 5685:. New York: Grove Press. 1958. 5678:. London: G. Allen & Unwin. 5390: 5304: 5288: 5272: 5256: 5240: 5227: 5211: 5195: 5179: 5163: 5147: 5131: 5115: 5099: 5083: 5070: 5057: 5044: 5031: 5018: 5005: 5002:chapter 68, translated by Waley 4993: 4990:chapter 59, translated by Waley 4981: 4978:chapter 51, translated by Waley 4969: 4966:chapter 23, translated by Waley 4957: 4954:chapter 38, translated by Waley 4945: 4942:chapter 21, translated by Waley 4933: 4902: 4695:One final example of Confucian 4047:In this wind and grass simile, 3909: 3215:is the meritorious work of the 3146:"potential power; force"]. 3050: 2845:Therefore he keeps his "power". 2208:Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove 1430:proposes a correlation between 484:, provides twenty meanings for 195: 34:needs additional citations for 9239:Concepts in Chinese philosophy 8225:Catalogue of Vices and Virtues 5418:. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh. 4884:Jain, Dr Rajesh (2020-02-13). 4877: 4856: 4843: 4830: 4817: 4804: 4791: 4778: 4765: 4512: 4409:Two passages use the compound 4370:"sincerity; truth; honesty"): 3364:Victor H. Mair differentiates 2501:Institutions and organizations 2400:The Northern Celestial Masters 1536:According to Axel Schuessler, 1275: 1155:The earliest written forms of 435:) or "merit; virtuous deeds" ( 403: 348: 288: 232: 174: 144: 1: 7973:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice 7738:Three Great Emperor-Officials 5646:. University of Hawaii Press. 5475:Cohen, Alvin P., ed. (1979). 5414:Balfour, Frederic J. (1881). 5407: 5108:, chapter 12, translation: ( 4890:Diabetes Asia Health Magazine 4724:(before 168 BCE) texts named 4473:also mentions the concept of 4335:"ghosts and spirits; gods"): 4135:This last quote implies that 4007:Good government is a central 3189:, 'About the Attributes;' of 2390:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice 2090:Three Great Emperor-Officials 1454:was pronounced approximately 1175: 1043: 16:Concept in Chinese philosophy 8874: 8865: 8842: 7978:Way of the Celestial Masters 5750:Seal and bronze scripts for 5637:. Chicago: Open Court Press. 5502:Journal of Song-Yuan Studies 5297:, chapter 32, translation: ( 5281:, chapter 32, translation: ( 5249:, chapter 17, translation: ( 5204:, chapter 12, translation: ( 5188:, chapter 12, translation: ( 5172:, chapter 22, translation: ( 5156:, chapter 15, translation: ( 5124:, chapter 17, translation: ( 5092:, chapter 12, translation: ( 3397:frequently explains it with 3142: 3128: 2882:Compare this third example: 2385:Way of the Celestial Masters 1469:. There are Old High German 1461: 1435: 1414:"eye" (horizontally written 7: 8971: 8808: 8785: 8147: 5423:Barnwell, Scott A. (2013). 5313:, chapter 2, translation: ( 5265:, chapter 2, translation: ( 5220:, chapter 5, translation: ( 5140:, chapter 9, translation: ( 4735: 4697: 4676: 4634: 4625: 4571: 4562: 4556: 4546: 4521: 4481: 4475: 4423: 4411: 4395: 4377: 4375:perfect yourself, you need 4360: 4325: 4319: 4310: 4236: 4213: 4201: 4147: 4137: 4092: 4077:virtue. One notably ironic 4073: 4049: 4013: 3955: 3949: 3940: 3934: 3932:. While Confucius extolled 3918: 3839: 3829: 3799: 3776: 3765: 3754: 3752:"ritual; rites; courtesy", 3743: 3732: 3721: 3710: 3695: 3689: 3674: 3659: 3638: 3632: 3620: 3614: 3602: 3584: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3522: 3493: 3468: 3462: 3441: 3427: 3405: 3399: 3389: 3380: 3370: 3356: 3350: 3336: 3329: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3265: 3247: 3241: 3231: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3197: 3191: 3176: 3170:["use; function"]. 3152:["The Tao"] is the 3107: 3101: 3078: 3072: 3066: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2980: 2959: 2936: 2930: 2924: 2911: 2899: 2833: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2800: 2794: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2734: 2716: 2708: 2700: 2689: 2676: 2667: 2659: 2651: 2643: 2631: 2615: 2609: 2600: 2588: 2579: 2567: 2559: 1612: 1598: 1587: 1568: 1553: 1538: 1489: 1450: 1441: 1399: 1393: 1382: 1367: 1361: 1347: 1305: 1288: 1282: 1268: 1257: 1246: 1235: 1224: 1195: 1193:). Oracle characters wrote 1157: 1115: 1104: 1093: 1078: 1049: 1014: 991: 968: 951: 945: 928: 922: 912: 902: 887: 881: 875: 863: 856: 850: 848:was conceived as a kind of 844: 828: 817: 808: 802: 796: 785: 779: 773: 767: 760: 749: 739: 716: 655: 643: 634: 622: 486: 473: 457: 450: 437: 429: 410: 367: 10: 9270: 7983:Northern Celestial Masters 7287: 5913:Hundred Schools of Thought 5714:Philosophy East & West 5633:Nivison, David S. (1996). 5602:. New York: Bantam Books. 5560:(2): 47–61. Archived from 5494:Chen, Yuan Julian (2014). 4674:is the connection between 4017:for rulers and officials. 3354:) and "gain" or "to get" ( 3235:, or virtue. Lao Tzŭ said: 3136: 3122: 2507:Chinese Taoist Association 1515:In modern Dutch, the noun 1493:. They are Middle English 771:, save that the fruits of 9155: 9073: 8900: 8827: 8777: 8300: 8198: 8155: 8058:Sacred Mountains of China 8045: 7953: 7790: 7674: 7586: 7479: 7468: 7398: 7295: 7173: 6979: 6739: 6601: 6492: 6396: 6327: 6214: 6105: 5932: 5923: 5798: 5752: 5642:Schuessler, Axel (2007). 5548:Emerson, John J. (1992). 4749: 4729: 4707: 4581: 4526: 4504: 4498: 4492: 4461: 4455: 4443: 4433: 4417: 4401: 4383: 4366: 4341: 4331: 4268: 4262: 4207: 3999: 3993: 3981: 3901: 3895: 3884: 3878: 3867: 3856: 3781: 3770: 3759: 3748: 3737: 3726: 3715: 3700: 3664: 3626: 3608: 3578: 3476:parallels. Here are two: 3435: 3185: 3166: 3160: 3154: 3148: 3116: 3084: 2922:theme is the efficacy of 2905: 2873:Here is another example: 2788: 2740: 2637: 2625: 2594: 2573: 2445:Sacred Mountains of China 1827:Three Treasures (virtues) 1603: 1592: 1577: 1562: 1547: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1387: 1372: 1331: 1299: 1293: 1262: 1251: 1240: 1229: 1218: 1212: 1206: 1200: 1185:and seal script from the 1162: 1148: 1141: 1135: 1129: 1120: 1109: 1102:"straight; vertical" and 1098: 1083: 1072: 1057: 1036: 1019: 996: 973: 892: 833: 822: 706: 697: 688: 679: 670: 661: 649: 628: 613: 604: 595: 586: 573: 564: 555: 546: 537: 528: 519: 510: 501: 491: 462: 394: 359: 341: 336: 332: 325: 318: 311: 304: 299: 281: 276: 272: 265: 258: 251: 244: 239: 225: 211: 206: 188: 181: 167: 160: 155: 151: 137: 132: 128: 123: 7743:Queen Mother of the West 5635:The Ways of Confucianism 5594:Mair, Victor H. (1990). 5441:Philosophy East and West 4758: 4069:Spring and Autumn period 3111:with Greek and Chinese: 2080:Queen Mother of the West 1533:means "to have virtue". 724:, except for number 17 ( 680:国名. 第二次世界大战结束前的德意志联邦的简称. 7748:King Father of the East 5908:Nine Schools of Thought 4405:] Heavenly Virtue? 3612:"bad/fiendish/terrible 3368:s contextual usages of 2683:The application of the 2674:(energy lines) and the 2604:, Pre-Heaven essence). 2085:King Father of the East 2053:Four heavenly ministers 1507: 1501: 1495: 1477: 1471: 626:"straight, just". [ 9200: 9184: 9136: 9113: 9104: 9095: 7211:State consequentialism 5674:Waley, Arthur (1934). 5529:Dechar, Lorie (2020). 4713: 4693: 4687: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4621: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4587: 4510: 4467: 4449: 4407: 4389: 4352: 4284: 4274: 4224: 4177: 4171: 4166: 4160: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4088: 4065: 4059: 4045: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4023: 4005: 3987: 3907: 3890: 3873: 3862: 3685: 3655: 3649: 3546: 3510: 3504: 3489: 3483: 3458: 3452: 3424: 3418: 3386: 3362: 3321: 3223: 3172: 3120:. In ethics, Virtue — 3048: 2978:Mair interprets these 2976: 2955: 2895: 2880: 2871: 2744:) is a keyword in the 1529: 1523: 1517: 1513: 1483: 1337: 1325: 1315: 1040: 1024: 1001: 978: 938: 898: 869: 792: 730: 415:, is a key concept in 218: 8689:Righteous indignation 6228:Northern and Southern 5514:10.1353/sys.2014.0000 5447:(4). JSTOR: 317–332. 4703: 4688: 4682: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4640: 4617: 4611: 4605: 4599: 4593: 4588: 4577: 4487: 4450: 4429: 4390: 4372: 4337: 4275: 4258: 4219: 4211:"brighten the bright 4172: 4167: 4161: 4153: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4083: 4060: 4055: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4024: 4019: 3988: 3977: 3891: 3874: 3863: 3849: 3730:"loyalty; fidelity", 3680: 3650: 3644: 3528: 3505: 3499: 3484: 3478: 3453: 3447: 3419: 3413: 3376: 3346:The Way and Its Power 3325: 3227: 3182: 3113: 2988:As it is used in the 2986: 2965: 2944: 2886:Tao gave them birth; 2884: 2875: 2839: 1566:"to get" and perhaps 1521:can be translated as 1475:, Middle High German 1447: 1152:"footstep" radical). 1030: 1007: 984: 961: 908: 839: 755: 722:Chinese classic texts 8207:Bodhipakkhiyā dhammā 5626:Sino-Platonic Papers 5432:Sino-Platonic Papers 5398:Kalinowski 1998–1999 5237:, pp. 183, 214) 4471:Doctrine of the Mean 4356:Doctrine of the Mean 4301:Doctrine of the Mean 4289:Doctrine of the Mean 3813:Doctrine of the Mean 3095:translators (listed 2349:Way of the Li Family 1583:Edwin G. Pulleyblank 1481:, and modern German 283:Revised Romanization 43:improve this article 8277:Theological virtues 8180:Positive psychology 7507:(self-cultivation) 5858:School of Diplomacy 5574:The Texts of Taoism 4924:Library of Congress 3789:Confucianist usages 3785:"humility; shame". 1432:Proto-Indo-European 1351:is best translated 1210:"footstep; go" and 1064:Traditional Chinese 407:), also written as 8709:Self-transcendence 8301:Individual virtues 8245:Nine Noble Virtues 8174:Nicomachean Ethics 7499:(external alchemy) 7491:(internal alchemy) 5792:Chinese philosophy 5387:Muller translation 5253:, pp. 178–79) 5160:, pp. 168–69) 5144:, pp. 105–06) 5128:, pp. 182–83) 5112:, pp. 126–27) 5096:, pp. 131–32) 3953:"perfect/ultimate 3741:"trust; believe", 3636:"). Compare these 3439:"perfect/ultimate 3251:maintains it." – " 3245:produces a thing; 2963:to affect others: 2680:(upright energy). 2619:(energy) to build 2482:Cebu Taoist Temple 2472:White Cloud Temple 2334:Way of the Taiping 1126:variant characters 1068:Simplified Chinese 1041: 1025: 1002: 979: 686:A star name. [ 495:, translatable as 417:Chinese philosophy 9249:Taoist philosophy 9229:Buddhism in China 9216: 9215: 9212: 9211: 8363:Conscientiousness 8230:Epistemic virtues 8115: 8114: 7726:Tianhuang Emperor 7466: 7465: 7388: 7387: 7255: 7254: 7103:Mandate of Heaven 6975: 6974: 5735:978-0-231-03147-9 5692:978-0-8021-5085-1 5666:978-3-662-48075-5 5609:978-0-553-34935-1 5589:. 23–24: 125–202. 5486:978-0-520-03314-6 5351:Legge translation 5317:, pp. 43–44) 5224:, pp. 73–74) 5054:, p. xi-xii) 5028:, p. xxxvii) 5015:, pp. 134–5) 4827:, pp. 33–4) 4801:, pp. 133–4) 4670:A third theme in 4666:the east of Qi.' 4550:; 3A4 quotes the 4240:by quoting three 3854:asked about [ 3719:"sibling piety", 3028:is what you are. 2909:"dark/mysterious 2555: 2554: 2512:Celestial Masters 2068:Tianhuang Emperor 1676:Taoist philosophy 1607:are cognate with 1183:bronzeware script 1070:. This character 1055:Chinese character 1034:of the character 363: 362: 355: 354: 295: 294: 202: 201: 162:Standard Mandarin 119: 118: 111: 93: 58:"De" Chinese 9261: 9244:Confucian ethics 9205: 9189: 9141: 9118: 9109: 9100: 8976: 8879: 8870: 8847: 8813: 8790: 8775: 8774: 8704:Self-cultivation 8257:Prussian virtues 8220:Cardinal virtues 8142: 8135: 8128: 8119: 8118: 8063:Wudang Mountains 7474: 7396: 7395: 7373:(transformation) 7350:(eight trigrams) 7302: 7301: 7282: 7275: 7268: 7259: 7258: 7132:Self-cultivation 7037:Neo-Confucianism 6772:Chung-ying Cheng 5930: 5929: 5831:New Confucianism 5826:Neo-Confucianism 5785: 5778: 5771: 5762: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5739: 5721: 5704: 5679: 5670: 5658: 5647: 5638: 5629: 5623: 5613: 5601: 5590: 5577: 5565: 5554:Taoist Resources 5544: 5525: 5499: 5490: 5472: 5435: 5429: 5419: 5401: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5352: 5349: 5318: 5308: 5302: 5292: 5286: 5276: 5270: 5260: 5254: 5244: 5238: 5231: 5225: 5215: 5209: 5199: 5193: 5183: 5177: 5167: 5161: 5151: 5145: 5135: 5129: 5119: 5113: 5103: 5097: 5087: 5081: 5074: 5068: 5061: 5055: 5052:Fung Yu-lan 1931 5048: 5042: 5035: 5029: 5022: 5016: 5009: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4955: 4949: 4943: 4937: 4931: 4927: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4897: 4896: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4871: 4860: 4854: 4847: 4841: 4834: 4828: 4821: 4815: 4808: 4802: 4795: 4789: 4782: 4776: 4769: 4754: 4753: 4741:sexagenary cycle 4738: 4732: 4731: 4710: 4709: 4700: 4680:and friendship. 4679: 4637: 4628: 4584: 4583: 4574: 4565: 4559: 4549: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4507: 4506: 4501: 4500: 4495: 4494: 4484: 4478: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4457: 4446: 4445: 4436: 4435: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4414: 4404: 4403: 4398: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4369: 4368: 4363: 4344: 4343: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4322: 4313: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4264: 4239: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4204: 4150: 4140: 4095: 4076: 4052: 4016: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3995: 3984: 3983: 3958: 3952: 3943: 3937: 3921: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3897: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3880: 3870: 3869: 3859: 3858: 3842: 3832: 3802: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3677: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3641: 3635: 3629: 3628: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3605: 3587: 3581: 3580: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3525: 3496: 3471: 3465: 3444: 3438: 3437: 3432: 3410: 3402: 3392: 3383: 3373: 3359: 3353: 3339: 3332: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3268: 3261:Chuang Tzŭ said: 3250: 3244: 3234: 3220: 3214: 3208: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3179: 3169: 3168: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3150: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3125: 3124: 3119: 3118: 3110: 3104: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3003: 2997: 2983: 2962: 2941: 2933: 2927: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2836: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2721: 2713: 2705: 2694: 2679: 2670: 2664: 2656: 2648: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2628: 2627: 2618: 2612: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2591: 2585: 2576: 2575: 2570: 2562: 2547: 2540: 2533: 2450:Wudang Mountains 2359:Chongxuan School 2344:Shangqing School 1892:Sexual practices 1647: 1624: 1623: 1615: 1609:Tibetan language 1606: 1605: 1601: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1579: 1571: 1565: 1564: 1556: 1550: 1549: 1541: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1464: 1453: 1444: 1438: 1425: 1424: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1374: 1370: 1364: 1350: 1340: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1318: 1308: 1302: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1291: 1285: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1260: 1254: 1253: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1227: 1221: 1220: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1202: 1198: 1192: 1180: 1177: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1139: 1133: 1123: 1122: 1118: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1086: 1085: 1081: 1075: 1074: 1061: 1052: 1039: 1038: 1022: 1021: 1017: 999: 998: 994: 976: 975: 971: 954: 948: 931: 925: 915: 905: 895: 894: 890: 884: 878: 872: 866: 859: 853: 847: 836: 835: 831: 825: 824: 820: 811: 805: 799: 788: 782: 776: 770: 763: 752: 742: 733: 719: 709: 708: 704:A surname. [ 700: 699: 691: 690: 682: 681: 673: 672: 664: 663: 658: 652: 651: 646: 637: 631: 630: 625: 616: 615: 607: 606: 598: 597: 589: 588: 576: 575: 567: 566: 558: 557: 549: 548: 540: 539: 531: 530: 522: 521: 513: 512: 504: 503: 494: 493: 489: 465: 464: 460: 445:Chinese Buddhism 442: 434: 413: 405: 396: 388: 387: 384: 383: 380: 370: 351: 350: 334: 333: 328: 327: 314: 313: 291: 290: 274: 273: 268: 267: 254: 253: 235: 234: 221: 198: 197: 177: 176: 153: 152: 147: 146: 121: 120: 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 9269: 9268: 9264: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9259: 9258: 9234:Chinese culture 9219: 9218: 9217: 9208: 9151: 9069: 8896: 8823: 8773: 8296: 8282:Three Treasures 8199:Virtue families 8194: 8168:Moral character 8151: 8146: 8116: 8111: 8041: 7949: 7786: 7753:Eight Immortals 7711:Four Sovereigns 7699:Lingbao Tianzun 7694:Yuanshi Tianzun 7689:Three Pure Ones 7670: 7582: 7526:Three Treasures 7475: 7462: 7394: 7384: 7291: 7286: 7256: 7251: 7169: 7070:Three teachings 6971: 6922:Tsang Lap Chuen 6735: 6597: 6506: 6488: 6404: 6400: 6392: 6341: 6323: 6232: 6226: 6210: 6119: 6101: 5919: 5917: 5863:School of Names 5806:Agriculturalism 5794: 5789: 5757:, Richard Sears 5746: 5736: 5693: 5667: 5621: 5610: 5541: 5487: 5473:, reprinted in 5453:10.2307/1397493 5427: 5410: 5405: 5404: 5395: 5391: 5386: 5355: 5350: 5321: 5309: 5305: 5293: 5289: 5277: 5273: 5261: 5257: 5245: 5241: 5232: 5228: 5216: 5212: 5200: 5196: 5184: 5180: 5168: 5164: 5152: 5148: 5136: 5132: 5120: 5116: 5104: 5100: 5088: 5084: 5075: 5071: 5062: 5058: 5049: 5045: 5036: 5032: 5023: 5019: 5010: 5006: 4998: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4974: 4970: 4962: 4958: 4950: 4946: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4918: 4907: 4903: 4894: 4892: 4882: 4878: 4869: 4867: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4851:Schuessler 2007 4848: 4844: 4835: 4831: 4822: 4818: 4809: 4805: 4796: 4792: 4783: 4779: 4770: 4766: 4761: 4718: 4518: 4292: 4185: 3915: 3791: 3630:"center/middle 3594:School of Names 3516:and Duke Ai of 3274: 3262: 3260: 3236: 3202: 3091:Several of the 3056: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2731: 2722:(acupressure). 2564: 2551: 2522: 2521: 2502: 2494: 2493: 2435: 2427: 2426: 2411: 2381: 2364:Quanzhen School 2324: 2314: 2313: 2303: 2285: 2252: 2204: 2156: 2137: 2127: 2126: 2095:Eight Immortals 2041:Lingbao Tianzun 2036:Yuanshi Tianzun 2031:Three Pure Ones 2021: 2011: 2010: 1922: 1914: 1913: 1822: 1814: 1813: 1777:Three Treasures 1671: 1622: 1278: 1189:(1045–256 1181:–1046 BCE) and 1178: 1113:"heart; mind". 1087:"footstep; go" 1046: 481:Hanyu Da Zidian 476: 453: 377: 373: 207:Vietnamese name 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9267: 9257: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9214: 9213: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9206: 9197: 9190: 9181: 9174: 9167: 9159: 9157: 9153: 9152: 9150: 9149: 9142: 9133: 9126: 9119: 9110: 9101: 9092: 9085: 9077: 9075: 9071: 9070: 9068: 9067: 9060: 9053: 9040: 9033: 9026: 9019: 9012: 9005: 8998: 8991: 8984: 8977: 8968: 8961: 8954: 8947: 8940: 8933: 8926: 8919: 8912: 8904: 8902: 8898: 8897: 8895: 8894: 8887: 8880: 8871: 8862: 8855: 8848: 8839: 8831: 8829: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8821: 8814: 8805: 8798: 8791: 8781: 8779: 8772: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8640: 8639: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8548: 8547: 8542: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8502: 8497: 8492: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8427: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8381: 8380: 8375: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8308:Accountability 8304: 8302: 8298: 8297: 8295: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8210: 8202: 8200: 8196: 8195: 8193: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8170: 8165: 8159: 8157: 8153: 8152: 8145: 8144: 8137: 8130: 8122: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8108: 8107: 8102: 8100:Tong Jee Teung 8097: 8092: 8087: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8066: 8065: 8055: 8053:Grotto-heavens 8049: 8047: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8019: 8014: 8013: 8012: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7991: 7990: 7985: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7959: 7957: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7947: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7928:Zhang Guoxiang 7925: 7920: 7918:Wang Chongyang 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7898:Cheng Xuanying 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7794: 7792: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7784: 7777: 7772: 7771: 7770: 7768:Yellow Emperor 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7734: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7708: 7707: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7686: 7680: 7678: 7672: 7671: 7669: 7668: 7661: 7654: 7647: 7640: 7633: 7626: 7619: 7612: 7605: 7598: 7590: 7588: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7580: 7579: 7578: 7565: 7557: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7542: 7536: 7523: 7518: 7517: 7516: 7515:(calisthenics) 7500: 7492: 7483: 7481: 7477: 7476: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7463: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7444: 7443: 7442: 7433:(spontenaity) 7424: 7414: 7404: 7402: 7393: 7392: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7382: 7374: 7366: 7358: 7353: 7352: 7351: 7343: 7337: 7336:(non-polarity) 7319: 7310: 7308: 7299: 7293: 7292: 7285: 7284: 7277: 7270: 7262: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7249: 7248: 7247: 7240:Metaphilosophy 7237: 7232: 7227: 7220: 7215: 7214: 7213: 7208: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7177: 7175: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7160: 7153: 7146: 7141: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7117: 7112: 7105: 7100: 7093: 7086: 7079: 7072: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7048: 7041: 7040: 7039: 7034: 7024: 7017: 7010: 7003: 6996: 6989: 6983: 6981: 6977: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6852:Lee Shui-chuen 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6743: 6741: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6721:Zhang Xuecheng 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6607: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6459:Wang Chongyang 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6410: 6408: 6398:Five Dynasties 6394: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6230: 6221: 6219:Three Kingdoms 6215: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6117: 6112: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5938: 5936: 5927: 5921: 5920: 5916: 5915: 5910: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5890: 5889: 5882: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5813: 5808: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5795: 5788: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5745: 5744:External links 5742: 5741: 5740: 5734: 5722: 5705: 5691: 5671: 5665: 5648: 5639: 5630: 5614: 5608: 5591: 5578: 5566: 5564:on 2006-12-22. 5545: 5539: 5526: 5508:(1): 325–364. 5491: 5485: 5436: 5420: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5389: 5353: 5319: 5303: 5301:, p. 330) 5287: 5285:, p. 359) 5271: 5255: 5239: 5226: 5210: 5208:, p. 128) 5194: 5192:, p. 126) 5178: 5176:, p. 235) 5162: 5146: 5130: 5114: 5098: 5082: 5080:, p. 383) 5069: 5056: 5043: 5030: 5017: 5004: 4992: 4980: 4968: 4956: 4944: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4916: 4908: 4901: 4876: 4855: 4853:, p. 208) 4842: 4840:, p. 134) 4829: 4816: 4803: 4790: 4777: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4717: 4714: 4517: 4511: 4291: 4285: 4228:Great Learning 4184: 4182:Great Learning 4178: 3914: 3908: 3817:Great Learning 3805:Charles Muller 3790: 3787: 3403:"the Way" and 3055: 3049: 2730: 2724: 2665:) through the 2568:Wuxing heqidao 2563: 2560:Wuxing heqidao 2556: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2549: 2542: 2535: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2517:Taoist priests 2514: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2453: 2452: 2442: 2440:Grotto-heavens 2436: 2433: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2423: 2422: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2361: 2356: 2354:Lingbao School 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2325: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2312: 2311: 2302: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2289:Zhang Guoxiang 2284: 2283: 2278: 2276:Wang Chongyang 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2256:Cheng Xuanying 2251: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2203: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2138: 2133: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2110:Yellow Emperor 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2028: 2022: 2017: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2009: 2008: 2001: 1994: 1987: 1980: 1973: 1966: 1959: 1952: 1945: 1938: 1931: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1877: 1870: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1854: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1800: 1799: 1798: 1791: 1786: 1774: 1769: 1762: 1754: 1747: 1739: 1731: 1724: 1716: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1697: 1690: 1683: 1678: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1649: 1648: 1640: 1639: 1633: 1632: 1621: 1618: 1428:Victor H. Mair 1277: 1274: 1045: 1042: 747:believed that 712: 711: 702: 693: 684: 675: 666: 639: 618: 609: 600: 591: 578: 569: 560: 551: 542: 533: 524: 515: 506: 475: 472: 452: 449: 361: 360: 357: 356: 353: 352: 345: 339: 338: 337:Transcriptions 330: 329: 322: 316: 315: 308: 302: 301: 297: 296: 293: 292: 285: 279: 278: 277:Transcriptions 270: 269: 262: 256: 255: 248: 242: 241: 237: 236: 229: 223: 222: 215: 209: 208: 204: 203: 200: 199: 192: 186: 185: 183:Yue: Cantonese 179: 178: 171: 165: 164: 158: 157: 156:Transcriptions 149: 148: 141: 135: 134: 130: 129: 126: 125: 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9266: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9204: 9203: 9198: 9196: 9195: 9191: 9188: 9187: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9175: 9173: 9172: 9168: 9166: 9165: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9154: 9148: 9147: 9143: 9140: 9139: 9134: 9132: 9131: 9127: 9125: 9124: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9102: 9099: 9098: 9093: 9091: 9090: 9086: 9084: 9083: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9072: 9066: 9065: 9061: 9059: 9058: 9054: 9052: 9051: 9046: 9045: 9041: 9039: 9038: 9034: 9032: 9031: 9027: 9025: 9024: 9020: 9018: 9017: 9013: 9011: 9010: 9006: 9004: 9003: 8999: 8997: 8996: 8992: 8990: 8989: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8978: 8975: 8974: 8969: 8967: 8966: 8962: 8960: 8959: 8955: 8953: 8952: 8948: 8946: 8945: 8941: 8939: 8938: 8934: 8932: 8931: 8927: 8925: 8924: 8920: 8918: 8917: 8913: 8911: 8910: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8899: 8893: 8892: 8888: 8886: 8885: 8881: 8878: 8877: 8872: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8861: 8860: 8856: 8854: 8853: 8849: 8846: 8845: 8840: 8838: 8837: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8826: 8820: 8819: 8815: 8812: 8811: 8806: 8804: 8803: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8783: 8782: 8780: 8776: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8729:Sportsmanship 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8694:Righteousness 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8638: 8635: 8634: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8607:Nonattachment 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8537: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8501: 8498: 8496: 8493: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8428: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8305: 8303: 8299: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8267:Seven virtues 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8252: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8215: 8214:Brahmavihārās 8211: 8209: 8208: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8197: 8191: 8190:Virtue ethics 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8175: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8156:About virtues 8154: 8150: 8143: 8138: 8136: 8131: 8129: 8124: 8123: 8120: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8082: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8070:Mount Penglai 8068: 8064: 8061: 8060: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046:Sacred places 8044: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8027: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8011: 8008: 8007: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7980: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7952: 7946: 7945: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7933:Zhang Sanfeng 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7823:Zhang Daoling 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7789: 7783: 7782: 7781:Other deities 7778: 7776: 7773: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7721:Ziwei Emperor 7719: 7717: 7714: 7713: 7712: 7709: 7705: 7704:Daode Tianzun 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7684:Hongjun Laozu 7682: 7681: 7679: 7677: 7673: 7667: 7666: 7662: 7660: 7659: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7651:Qingjing Jing 7648: 7646: 7645: 7641: 7639: 7638: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7620: 7618: 7617: 7613: 7611: 7610: 7606: 7604: 7603: 7599: 7597: 7596: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7576: 7575: 7571: 7570: 7569: 7566: 7564:(immortality) 7563: 7562: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7548: 7547: 7543: 7540: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7529: 7528: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7514: 7513: 7509: 7508: 7506: 7505: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7478: 7473: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7454:Five Precepts 7452: 7450: 7449: 7445: 7440: 7439: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7431: 7430: 7425: 7422: 7421: 7420: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7403: 7401: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7371: 7367: 7365:(five phases) 7364: 7363: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7334: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7326: 7325: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7283: 7278: 7276: 7271: 7269: 7264: 7263: 7260: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7225: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7154: 7152: 7151: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7110: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7098: 7094: 7092: 7091: 7087: 7085: 7084: 7080: 7078: 7077: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7061: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7018: 7016: 7015: 7011: 7009: 7008: 7004: 7002: 7001: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6978: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6952:Zhang Dongsun 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6872:Liang Shuming 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6738: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6578:Wang Yangming 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6326: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6216: 6213: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6136:Dongfang Shuo 6134: 6132: 6131:Dong Zhongshu 6129: 6127: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6104: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5888: 5887: 5883: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5786: 5781: 5779: 5774: 5772: 5767: 5766: 5763: 5756: 5748: 5747: 5737: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5688: 5684: 5680:Reprinted as 5677: 5672: 5668: 5662: 5657: 5656: 5649: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5631: 5627: 5620: 5615: 5611: 5605: 5600: 5599: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5546: 5542: 5540:9781787752566 5536: 5532: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5498: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5478: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5437: 5433: 5426: 5421: 5417: 5412: 5411: 5399: 5393: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5316: 5312: 5307: 5300: 5296: 5291: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5269:, p. 44) 5268: 5264: 5259: 5252: 5248: 5243: 5236: 5230: 5223: 5219: 5214: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5175: 5171: 5166: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5143: 5139: 5134: 5127: 5123: 5118: 5111: 5107: 5102: 5095: 5091: 5086: 5079: 5073: 5067:, p. 25) 5066: 5060: 5053: 5047: 5041:, p. 81) 5040: 5034: 5027: 5021: 5014: 5008: 5001: 4996: 4989: 4984: 4977: 4972: 4965: 4960: 4953: 4948: 4941: 4936: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4914: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4891: 4887: 4880: 4865: 4859: 4852: 4846: 4839: 4833: 4826: 4825:Boodberg 1979 4820: 4813: 4807: 4800: 4794: 4788:, p. 32) 4787: 4786:Boodberg 1979 4781: 4775:, p. 31) 4774: 4768: 4764: 4756: 4752: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4727: 4723: 4716:In divination 4712: 4702: 4699: 4692: 4686: 4681: 4678: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4649: 4643: 4639: 4636: 4630: 4627: 4620: 4615: 4609: 4603: 4597: 4591: 4586: 4576: 4573: 4567: 4564: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4539: 4538: 4533: 4523: 4516: 4509: 4486: 4483: 4477: 4472: 4466: 4448: 4440: 4428: 4425: 4413: 4406: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4371: 4362: 4357: 4354:Note how the 4351: 4348: 4336: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4302: 4297: 4290: 4283: 4281: 4273: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4248:Tang of Shang 4245: 4244: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4226:The received 4223: 4218: 4215: 4203: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4183: 4176: 4170: 4165: 4159: 4157: 4152: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4117: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4097: 4094: 4087: 4082: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4064: 4058: 4054: 4051: 4044: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4022: 4018: 4015: 4010: 4004: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3942: 3936: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3913: 3906: 3889: 3872: 3861: 3853: 3848: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3786: 3778: 3767: 3756: 3745: 3734: 3723: 3712: 3707: 3697: 3691: 3684: 3679: 3676: 3671: 3661: 3654: 3648: 3643: 3640: 3634: 3622: 3616: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3558:"obtain" and 3556: 3551: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3535: 3532: 3527: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3503: 3498: 3495: 3488: 3482: 3477: 3475: 3470: 3464: 3457: 3451: 3446: 3443: 3431: 3430: 3423: 3417: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3385: 3382: 3375: 3372: 3367: 3361: 3358: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3331: 3324: 3320: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3293: 3287: 3281: 3275: 3272: 3267: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3233: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3199: 3193: 3181: 3178: 3171: 3144: 3132: 3131: 3112: 3109: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3063: 3062: 3054: 3047: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2991: 2985: 2984:occurrences: 2982: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2961: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2932: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2913: 2901: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2870: 2867: 2843: 2838: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2796: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2749: 2748: 2736: 2729: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2712: 2711: 2704: 2703: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2686: 2681: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2655: 2654: 2647: 2646: 2633: 2622: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2602: 2590: 2584: 2582: 2569: 2561: 2548: 2543: 2541: 2536: 2534: 2529: 2528: 2526: 2525: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2468: 2467:Taoist temple 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2457:Mount Penglai 2455: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2434:Sacred places 2431: 2430: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2318: 2317: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2294:Zhang Sanfeng 2292: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2170:Zhang Daoling 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2136: 2131: 2130: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2063:Ziwei Emperor 2061: 2059: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2046:Daode Tianzun 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2026:Hongjun Laozu 2024: 2023: 2020: 2015: 2014: 2007: 2006: 2002: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1993: 1992: 1991:Qingjing Jing 1988: 1986: 1985: 1981: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1972: 1971: 1967: 1965: 1964: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1918: 1917: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1886: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1869: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1853: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1832:Five Precepts 1830: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1767: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1723:(five phases) 1722: 1721: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1620:Taoist usages 1617: 1614: 1610: 1600: 1589: 1584: 1575: 1570: 1560: 1555: 1545: 1540: 1534: 1531: 1525: 1519: 1512: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1491: 1485: 1479: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1457: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1401: 1395: 1384: 1379: 1369: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1290: 1284: 1273: 1270: 1259: 1248: 1237: 1226: 1197: 1188: 1184: 1173: 1172:Shang dynasty 1169: 1168:oracle script 1159: 1153: 1146:(without the 1144: 1138: 1132: 1127: 1117: 1106: 1095: 1090: 1080: 1076:combines the 1069: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1033: 1029: 1016: 1011: 1006: 993: 988: 987:Bronze script 983: 970: 965: 964:Oracle script 960: 956: 953: 947: 942: 937: 935: 930: 924: 919: 914: 907: 904: 897: 889: 883: 877: 871: 865: 858: 852: 846: 838: 830: 819: 813: 810: 804: 798: 791: 787: 781: 775: 769: 762: 754: 751: 746: 741: 735: 732: 728:abbreviating 727: 723: 718: 703: 694: 685: 676: 667: 657: 645: 640: 636: 624: 619: 610: 601: 592: 583: 579: 570: 561: 552: 543: 534: 525: 516: 507: 498: 497: 496: 488: 483: 482: 471: 469: 459: 448: 446: 441: 440: 433: 432: 426: 422: 418: 414: 412: 406: 400: 392: 386: 371: 369: 358: 346: 344: 340: 335: 331: 323: 321: 317: 309: 307: 303: 300:Japanese name 298: 286: 284: 280: 275: 271: 263: 261: 257: 249: 247: 243: 238: 230: 228: 224: 220: 216: 214: 210: 205: 193: 191: 187: 184: 180: 172: 170: 166: 163: 159: 154: 150: 142: 140: 136: 131: 127: 122: 113: 110: 102: 99:December 2022 91: 88: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 67: 63: 60: – 59: 55: 54:Find sources: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 26: 21: 20: 9192: 9176: 9169: 9162: 9144: 9128: 9121: 9087: 9080: 9062: 9055: 9048: 9042: 9035: 9028: 9021: 9014: 9007: 9000: 8993: 8986: 8979: 8963: 8956: 8951:Brahmacharya 8949: 8942: 8935: 8928: 8921: 8914: 8907: 8889: 8882: 8857: 8850: 8834: 8816: 8800: 8793: 8786: 8749:Tranquillity 8699:Self-control 8669:Renunciation 8627:Philanthropy 8622:Perspicacity 8582:Magnificence 8535:Intelligence 8515:Impartiality 8435:Faithfulness 8323:Authenticity 8249: 8235:Five virtues 8212: 8205: 8185:Trait theory 8172: 8075:Mount Kunlun 7943: 7908:Zhang Boduan 7893:Tao Hongjing 7813:Heshang Gong 7780: 7775:Guan Shengdi 7716:Jade Emperor 7663: 7656: 7649: 7642: 7637:Sanhuangjing 7635: 7628: 7621: 7614: 7607: 7600: 7595:Tao Te Ching 7593: 7577:(talismancy) 7572: 7559: 7544: 7530: 7510: 7502: 7494: 7486: 7459:Ten Precepts 7446: 7436: 7427: 7426: 7417: 7416: 7408: 7407: 7406: 7376: 7368: 7360: 7345: 7340:Yin and yang 7331: 7322: 7321: 7313: 7235:Epistemology 7222: 7162: 7155: 7148: 7144:Yin and yang 7136: 7127:Human nature 7119: 7115:Filial piety 7107: 7095: 7088: 7081: 7074: 7062: 7055: 7043: 7032:Confucianism 7026: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6962:Zhou Guoping 6957:Zhang Shenfu 6942:Yin Haiguang 6937:Yang Changji 6882:Liu Xiaofeng 6867:Liang Qichao 6752:Carsun Chang 6740:20th century 6726:Zhuang Cunyu 6656:Hong Liangji 6616:Chen Menglei 6611:Chen Hongmou 6593:Zhan Ruoshui 6553:Liu Zongzhou 6523:Hong Zicheng 6518:Huang Zongxi 6424:Fan Zhongyan 6402:Ten Kingdoms 6388:Linji Yixuan 6383:Liu Zongyuan 5972:Gongsun Long 5934:Eastern Zhou 5925:Philosophers 5903: 5899:Mixed School 5884: 5877: 5821:Han learning 5816:Confucianism 5725: 5720:(1): 81–124. 5717: 5713: 5709: 5682: 5675: 5659:. Springer. 5654: 5643: 5634: 5625: 5597: 5586: 5573: 5570:Legge, James 5562:the original 5557: 5553: 5530: 5505: 5501: 5476: 5444: 5440: 5431: 5415: 5392: 5310: 5306: 5294: 5290: 5278: 5274: 5262: 5258: 5246: 5242: 5229: 5217: 5213: 5201: 5197: 5185: 5181: 5169: 5165: 5153: 5149: 5137: 5133: 5121: 5117: 5105: 5101: 5089: 5085: 5072: 5059: 5046: 5033: 5026:Balfour 1881 5020: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4987: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4951: 4947: 4939: 4935: 4923: 4904: 4893:. Retrieved 4889: 4879: 4868:. Retrieved 4866:. 2021-06-07 4858: 4845: 4832: 4819: 4806: 4793: 4780: 4767: 4745:Nine Palaces 4744: 4725: 4719: 4704: 4694: 4689: 4683: 4671: 4669: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4646: 4641: 4631: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4606: 4600: 4594: 4589: 4578: 4568: 4551: 4541: 4535: 4531: 4519: 4514: 4488: 4470: 4468: 4451: 4430: 4408: 4391: 4373: 4355: 4353: 4347:Book of Odes 4346: 4338: 4316: 4305: 4299: 4295: 4293: 4288: 4280:Book of Odes 4279: 4276: 4259: 4251: 4241: 4227: 4225: 4220: 4194: 4188: 4186: 4181: 4173: 4168: 4162: 4154: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4089: 4084: 4078: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4025: 4020: 4008: 4006: 3989: 3978: 3965:Emperor Shun 3946: 3927: 3923: 3916: 3911: 3892: 3875: 3864: 3850: 3844: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3792: 3706:filial piety 3686: 3681: 3669: 3656: 3651: 3645: 3597: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3511: 3506: 3500: 3490: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3472:has several 3459: 3454: 3448: 3428: 3425: 3420: 3414: 3394: 3387: 3377: 3365: 3363: 3345: 3342:Tao-te-ching 3341: 3326: 3322: 3276: 3270: 3256: 3253:Tao Tê Ching 3252: 3238: 3228: 3224: 3183: 3173: 3114: 3092: 3090: 3059: 3057: 3052: 2990:Tao Te Ching 2989: 2987: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2966: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2942:government. 2919: 2917: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2844: 2840: 2806: 2745: 2732: 2727: 2685:four pillars 2682: 2606: 2565: 2462:Mount Kunlun 2306: 2266:Zhang Boduan 2248:Tao Hongjing 2160:Heshang Gong 2058:Jade Emperor 2003: 1996: 1989: 1982: 1977:Sanhuangjing 1975: 1968: 1961: 1954: 1947: 1940: 1935:Tao Te Ching 1933: 1926: 1901: 1883: 1872: 1865: 1856: 1849: 1837:Ten Precepts 1807: 1803: 1793: 1781: 1764: 1756: 1749: 1746:(non-action) 1741: 1733: 1726: 1718: 1707:Yin and yang 1699: 1692: 1686: 1685: 1573: 1558: 1543: 1535: 1514: 1511:("valiant"). 1466: 1455: 1448: 1356: 1352: 1342: 1320: 1310: 1279: 1187:Zhou dynasty 1154: 1047: 1032:Stroke order 939: 934:Tao Te Ching 933: 909: 899: 840: 814: 793: 756: 745:Arthur Waley 737:Translating 736: 725: 713: 479: 477: 454: 425:Confucianism 408: 402: 365: 364: 343:Romanization 169:Hanyu Pinyin 133:Chinese name 105: 96: 86: 79: 72: 65: 53: 41:Please help 36:verification 33: 8769:Workmanship 8659:Punctuality 8577:Magnanimity 8500:Hospitality 8450:Forgiveness 8395:Discernment 8353:Cleanliness 8105:White Cloud 8026:Dragon Gate 7883:Kou Qianzhi 7878:Bao Jingyan 7803:Zhuang Zhou 7623:Taipingjing 7441:(plainness) 7423:(nonaction) 7413:(integrity) 7381:(reversion) 7328:(ultimate) 7306:Metaphysics 7206:Role ethics 7191:Metaphysics 6967:Zhou Zuoren 6927:Xiong Shili 6912:Tang Chun-i 6907:Sun Yat-sen 6902:Qiu Renzong 6897:Mou Zongsan 6847:Kang Youwei 6792:Feng Youlan 6757:P. C. Chang 6747:Cai Yuanpei 6731:Zeng Guofan 6716:Yu Zhengxie 6646:Gong Zizhen 6641:Feng Guifen 6631:Fang Lanfen 6563:Qian Dehong 6363:Zhang Zhihe 6299:Xiahou Xuan 6239:Bao Jingyan 6082:Zhuang Zhou 5587:Early China 5315:Watson 1968 5283:Watson 1968 5267:Watson 1968 5251:Watson 1968 5235:Watson 1968 5222:Watson 1968 5206:Watson 1968 5190:Watson 1968 5174:Watson 1968 5158:Watson 1968 5142:Watson 1968 5126:Watson 1968 5110:Watson 1968 5094:Watson 1968 5065:Watson 1968 4812:Dechar 2020 4421:"big/great 4202:ming mingde 4143:Nangong Kuo 3961:Emperor Yao 3825:James Legge 3271:Chapter XII 3079:De chong fu 2918:The second 2915:") phrase. 2698:education, 2623:character ( 2405:Zhengyi Dao 2369:Dragon Gate 2238:Kou Qianzhi 2233:Bao Jingyan 2147:Zhuang Zhou 1956:Taipingjing 1527:; the verb 1321:insititious 1309:as English 1276:Etymologies 1272:and needs. 1179: 1600 1010:Seal script 731:Deutschland 582:Five Phases 574:心意. 如:一心一德. 511:道德, 品行, 节操. 240:Korean name 9223:Categories 9082:Auctoritas 8930:Aparigraha 8909:Adhiṭṭhāna 8891:Sophrosyne 8859:Eutrapelia 8744:Temperance 8724:Solidarity 8714:Simplicity 8674:Resilience 8649:Politeness 8617:Patriotism 8597:Moderation 8470:Good faith 8460:Generosity 8420:Equanimity 8400:Discipline 8358:Compassion 8095:Louguantai 7888:Lu Xiujing 7868:Wei Huacun 7818:Wei Boyang 7521:Meditation 7297:Philosophy 7245:Legitimacy 6947:Yu Dunkang 6917:Tang Yijie 6892:Mao Zedong 6877:Lin Yutang 6842:Jin Yuelin 6837:Jiang Qing 6812:He Guanghu 6782:Chu Anping 6767:Chen Duxiu 6696:Wang Fuzhi 6686:Tan Sitong 6681:Pan Pingge 6676:Liu Yiming 6558:Luo Rufang 6479:Zhou Dunyi 6464:Wang Chuyi 6454:Wang Anshi 6434:Lu Jiuyuan 6314:Yan Zhitui 6304:Xie Daoyun 6206:Yang Xiong 6191:Wang Chong 6166:Kong Anguo 6027:Shen Buhai 6022:Shang Yang 5977:Guan Zhong 5947:Chunyu Kun 5868:Naturalism 5408:References 5039:Legge 1891 4895:2024-06-19 4870:2024-06-19 4773:Waley 1958 4314:22 times. 4096:"virtue". 3847:passages. 3835:humaneness 3795:Four Books 3180:Chapter": 2807:The first 2696:meditation 2477:Louguantai 2420:Yao Taoism 2243:Lu Xiujing 2223:Wei Huacun 2218:Sun Hanhua 2165:Wei Boyang 1909:Priesthood 1842:Meditation 1761:(immortal) 1738:(reversal) 1044:Characters 941:Mair (1990 918:sinderesis 698:水名. 黄河之别名. 596:始生; 事物的开始. 587:五行说指四季的旺气. 520:指有道德的贤明之人. 213:Vietnamese 69:newspapers 9130:Humanitas 8876:Phronesis 8867:Philotimo 8719:Sincerity 8684:Reverence 8552:Judgement 8540:Emotional 8530:Integrity 8520:Innocence 8475:Gratitude 8455:Frugality 8445:Foresight 8425:Etiquette 8415:Endurance 8390:Diligence 8313:Alertness 8262:Scout Law 8163:Endowment 8017:Chongxuan 8000:Shangqing 7963:Huang–Lao 7923:Qiu Chuji 7913:Sun Bu'er 7903:Chen Tuan 7863:Guo Xiang 7833:Zhang Jue 7808:Lie Yukou 7644:Huahujing 7616:Huainanzi 7535:(essence) 7504:Yangsheng 7356:Feng shui 7342:(duality) 7224:Shan shui 7157:Zhengming 6932:Xu Fuguan 6857:Li Shicen 6832:Ray Huang 6817:Hu Qiaomu 6787:Fang Keli 6777:Ch'ien Mu 6762:Chen Daqi 6691:Tang Zhen 6636:Fang Quan 6548:Liu Bowen 6538:Lai Zhide 6528:Jiao Hong 6513:Chen Jiru 6474:Zhang Zai 6439:Shao Yong 6414:Cheng Hao 6358:Wang Tong 6259:Guo Xiang 6181:Liu Xiang 6161:Jing Fang 6072:Yuan Xian 6052:Ximen Bao 6007:Lie Yukou 5962:Duanmu Ci 5952:Confucius 5838:Huang–Lao 5583:Mawangdui 5522:147099574 5461:0031-8221 5299:Mair 1994 5078:Mair 1994 5013:Mair 1990 5000:Daodejing 4988:Daodejing 4976:Daodejing 4964:Daodejing 4952:Daodejing 4940:Daodejing 4913:Chen 2014 4838:Mair 1990 4799:Mair 1990 4722:Mawangdui 4479:"perfect 4439:Four Seas 4296:Zhongyong 4156:Tseng Tzu 3657:The word 3570:does not 3514:Confucius 3366:Zhuangzi' 2920:Daodejing 2747:Daodejing 2728:Daodejing 2668:chong mai 2329:Huang–Lao 2281:Qiu Chuji 2271:Sun Bu'er 2261:Chen Tuan 2213:Guo Xiang 2180:Zhang Jue 2152:Lie Yukou 1984:Huahujing 1949:Huainanzi 1821:Practices 1772:True form 1357:arrective 1353:enrective 1343:indarrect 1319:"to") or 1170:from the 1124:has rare 641:Used for 620:Used for 468:etymology 9123:Gravitas 9106:Dignitas 8852:Ataraxia 8734:Sympathy 8664:Religion 8654:Prudence 8612:Patience 8587:Meekness 8562:Kindness 8510:Humility 8505:Humanity 8440:Fidelity 8385:Courtesy 8348:Chivalry 8343:Chastity 8333:Charisma 8328:Calmness 8318:Altruism 8022:Quanzhen 8010:Jingming 7938:Zhu Quan 7838:Zhang Lu 7630:Xiang'er 7602:Zhuangzi 7549:(spirit) 7541:(breath) 7480:Practice 7218:Ink wash 7196:Politics 7186:Theology 7045:Ming yun 7021:Jing zuo 6980:Concepts 6862:Li Zehou 6827:Hua Gang 6797:Gan Yang 6706:Yan Yuan 6701:Wei Yuan 6671:Lin Zexu 6651:Gu Yanwu 6626:Fang Bao 6621:Dai Zhen 6583:Wu Cheng 6573:Wang Gen 6444:Shen Kuo 6419:Cheng Yi 6378:Liu Yuxi 6284:Sengzhao 6244:Fan Zhen 6146:Huan Tan 6126:Ban Zhao 6077:Zhang Yi 6067:Yang Zhu 6032:Shen Dao 5942:Bu Shang 5843:Legalism 5811:Buddhism 5572:(1891). 5311:Zhuangzi 5295:Zhuangzi 5279:Zhuangzi 5263:Zhuangzi 5247:Zhuangzi 5218:Zhuangzi 5202:Zhuangzi 5186:Zhuangzi 5170:Zhuangzi 5154:Zhuangzi 5138:Zhuangzi 5122:Zhuangzi 5106:Zhuangzi 5090:Zhuangzi 4720:Several 4250:, and a 4079:Analects 4009:Analects 3973:King Wen 3929:Analects 3912:Analects 3852:Yen Yüan 3845:Analects 3809:Analects 3670:Zhuangzi 3598:Zhuangzi 3550:Zhuangzi 3474:Zhuangzi 3395:Zhuangzi 3093:Zhuangzi 3061:Zhuangzi 3053:Zhuangzi 3010:." 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