1017:
families often adopted a formerly non-hereditary patronymic as their family name during the move. Around the turn of the century, the common use of hereditary family names became common in rural areas too. In rural areas, toponymic surnames—usually derived from the name of a farm—were a common alternative to adopting a patronymic as the hereditary family name. Finally, a law passed in 1923 ordered that all newborn children should be assigned a hereditary family name at birth, but did not force people who still did not have a family name to adopt one.
1003:, consisting of the father's name and one of the suffixes "-sen"/"-son" (son) or "-datter"/"-dotter" (daughter), depending on the person's gender. Unlike modern surnames (family names), they were specific to a person and were not transferred to a person's children. Before 1500, hereditary surnames (family names) were almost unheard except among a few, select elite families. For a long time after that, they were inconsistently used and only found in the upper strata (often urban) of society. As late as 1801, only 2.2% of the rural population in
1021:(such as "Dal", meaning "valley"), while others again are compounds of several words describing the farm's location or geographical features (such as "Solberg", meaning "sunny mountain/hill"). Example of surnames deriving from farm names include "Bakke"/"Bakken" (hill or rise), "Berg"/"Berge" (mountain or hill), "Dahl"/"Dal" (valley), "Haugen" or "Haugan" (hill or mound), "Lie" (side of a valley), "Moen" (meadow), "Rud" (clearing), "Vik" (bay or inlet), and "Hagen" (pasture). As Norwegian
138:
76:
35:
1042:
is not a new phenomenon—the early 20th century saw a similar shift in the frequency of surnames, caused by demographic changes due to successive waves of migration from rural to urban areas. For example, the proportion of the population of Bergen bearing a patronymic-derived family name decreased by half in the forty years after 1900. The following table lists the 20 most common
Norwegian surnames as of 2013:
1508:
The most common surnames in Sweden are originally patronymic. Family names ending with the suffix "sson" are the most common names in Sweden. In 1901, the Names
Adoption Act was passed, which abolished the patronymic practice. From 1901, everyone had to have a family name that was passed down to the
391:
only) and in 1828. The rural population only reluctantly gave up the traditional primary patronyms. Several naming acts replaced the first; in 1856, 1904, 1961, 1981, 2005. The result of the first act was that most people took a patronymic surname as their heritable family name, with the overwhelming
1512:
Many family names consist of items from nature, for example Lind/Lindberg (linden/lime + mountain), Berg/Bergkvist (mountain/mountain + twig), Alström/Ahlström (alder + stream), or Dahl/Dahlin (valley). Sometimes the first part of such a composite name refers to the family's place of origin e.g. the
1041:
Today, surnames derived from patronymics are decreasing in popularity in favour of surnames derived from toponyms. In 2009, 22.4% of the
Norwegian population had a surname with the suffix "-sen", while among the newborns of 2009 the share was down to 18.4%. The decline of patronymic-derived surnames
1025:
has undergone substantial standardisation and change since surnames were made mandatory, toponymic surnames are commonly spelt in archaic ways. For example, the surnames "Wiik" and "Wiig" are common variant spellings of "Vik" with well over a thousand people bearing each surname, and "Viik", "Vig",
1016:
had hereditary surnames, and by the beginning of the 20th century most of the urban population in Norway had hereditary surnames, although non-hereditary patronymics were often used in addition to the family name. The 19th century saw large-scale migration from rural to urban areas, and migrating
1020:
Most
Norwegian toponymic surnames derive from farm names, and these farms were frequently named after the geographical features of the farm's location. Many farm names and thus surnames derive from just one word describing the most obvious or distinguishing geographical feature of their location
320:, originally meaning "son of Rasmus" (Rasmus' son). Descendants of Danish or Norwegian immigrants to the United States frequently have similar names ending in the suffix "-sen" or have changed the spelling to "-son". Approximately one-third of the
1011:
had hereditary surnames by the end of the 17th century, a number which had grown to about 40% by the early 19th century. After this, the use of hereditary surnames in the cities accelerated—by 1865, the vast majority of citizens of
1521:(shield) and Stolt (proud). Those names were originally assigned to soldiers under the military allotment system in effect from the 16th century. As in Denmark, the clergy Latinized their names up to about the 18th century, e.g.
1026:"Viig" and "Wig" (among others) are additional, less common variants of the same name. Similar archaic variants exist of many other Norwegian toponymic surnames. There are also Norwegian surnames derived from the word land (
259:
meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the
Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation. Forms of the patronymic
1528:
The listing of 20 most commonly
Swedish surnames as of December 31, 2012. Different spellings are included in every name but the name is presented by the most common spelling:
392:
dominance of a few surnames as a consequence. Later acts have attempted to motivate people to change to surnames that would allow safer identification of individuals.
597:
1517:
family originating from
Strinne; the second part being just ornamental. Families also frequently have military-oriented names such as Skarpsvärd (sharp sword),
986:
48:
251:
denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian
1007:
had a hereditary surname. Starting in the 16th century, use of hereditary surnames slowly grew in the cities. Around a fourth of the population of
2217:
148:
2280:
2032:
54:
2002:
156:
2320:
407:. The general tendency over the past century has been to give up the commonest names and adopt less frequently-used ones.
2310:
2325:
2315:
199:
181:
119:
62:
101:
328:
in their full name. Many of these patronymics are, however, very rare, local or testimony of unusual descent, e.g.
2123:
2094:
2065:
86:
17:
163:
2044:
1525:. Due to the greater diversity of these names each specific name is less common than most patronymic names.
93:
2157:
1753:
1949:
1598:
324:
population bear one of the ten most common surnames. More than two-thirds have a patronym ending in
1445:
1898:
1373:
152:
97:
1876:
1234:
877:
2290:
2285:
1743:
1698:
1632:
1212:
579:
224:
were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later,
653:
2182:
2021:
1035:
793:
8:
1554:
709:
681:
2131:
2102:
2073:
1908:
1787:
1588:
1455:
1322:
1102:
1027:
933:
737:
388:
345:
309:
2265:
2254:
360:—fisher, for example names taken after a village or farmstead inhabited by ancestors.
2305:
2195:
1832:
1332:
1300:
1266:
1256:
765:
485:
439:
404:
1842:
1721:
1244:
1134:
1068:
747:
607:
495:
467:
400:
363:
Other higher class people took heritable surnames during the following centuries,
1392:
1112:
803:
2242:
1997:
1354:
1004:
1000:
2299:
1765:
1522:
849:
321:
240:
took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with
1939:
1503:
859:
255:
were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a
399:
are listed as of 1971, 2012 and 2022. In 2016, longtime most popular name
1854:
1610:
1411:
1278:
1222:
1080:
1022:
513:
217:
635:
1775:
1514:
1433:
1124:
821:
775:
1886:
387:
names. Naming acts applying to all citizens were issued 1771 (for the
1927:
1864:
1576:
1477:
1310:
1013:
968:
691:
663:
943:
104:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1971:
1731:
1642:
1423:
1178:
1156:
1090:
915:
719:
551:
523:
348:
or Common etymological classes of surnames are occupational (e.g.,
252:
243:
233:
221:
1518:
1820:
1797:
1709:
1664:
1620:
1288:
999:
Norwegian surnames were originally patronymic and similar to the
887:
831:
396:
380:
333:
305:
229:
213:
1961:
1686:
1566:
1489:
1200:
1168:
1008:
541:
364:
261:
256:
225:
1467:
1190:
569:
457:
248:
1983:
1676:
1654:
1344:
1146:
905:
625:
237:
1809:
2297:
2033:University of Copenhagen, Unit for Name Research
2183:Norwegian-American Surnames. Volume XII: Page 1
2158:"Historisk utvikling av etternavn og stedsnavn"
2185:. Norwegian-American Historical Association.
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
216:were generally adopted rather late within
200:Learn how and when to remove this message
182:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2281:The 100 most common surnames in Denmark
162:Relevant discussion may be found on the
14:
2298:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2003:List of most common surnames in Europe
131:
69:
28:
2188:
2145:
304:The most common Danish family name
24:
395:In the table, the top surnames in
25:
2337:
2274:
44:This article has multiple issues.
136:
74:
33:
2259:
2248:
2236:
2210:
1001:surnames used in modern Iceland
52:or discuss these issues on the
2291:Most Common Surnames in Norway
2286:Most Common Surnames in Sweden
2218:"Surnames used by 200 or more"
2176:
2116:
2087:
2058:
2037:
2026:
2015:
13:
1:
2008:
2045:"Navne - Danmarks Statistik"
7:
2321:Norwegian-language surnames
2124:"Navne i hele befolkningen"
2095:"Navne i hele befolkningen"
2066:"Navne i hele befolkningen"
1991:
1975:
1953:
1931:
1912:
1890:
1868:
1846:
1824:
1801:
1779:
1757:
1735:
1713:
1690:
1668:
1646:
1624:
1602:
1580:
1558:
1481:
1459:
1437:
1415:
1396:
1377:
1358:
1336:
1314:
1292:
1270:
1248:
1226:
1204:
1182:
1160:
1138:
1116:
1094:
1072:
978:
975:
972:
953:
950:
947:
925:
922:
919:
897:
894:
891:
869:
866:
863:
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838:
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813:
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807:
785:
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779:
757:
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751:
729:
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723:
701:
698:
695:
673:
670:
667:
645:
642:
639:
617:
614:
611:
589:
586:
583:
561:
558:
555:
533:
530:
527:
505:
502:
499:
477:
474:
471:
449:
446:
443:
100:the claims made and adding
10:
2342:
2311:Germanic-language surnames
1501:
299:
2326:Swedish-language surnames
2245:. Statistics Norway, SSB.
2194:
2156:
1497:
994:
2316:Danish-language surnames
2243:Name statistics for 2009
2198:. Statistisk sentralbyrĂĄ
145:This article or section
2266:Swedish Name Statistics
1540:Number of bearers 2012
1054:Number of bearers 2012
425:Number of bearers 2022
422:Number of bearers 2012
419:Number of bearers 1971
247:(father's name plus an
1034:) such as Torland and
1031:
149:synthesis of material
2132:Statistics Denmark
2103:Statistics Denmark
2074:Statistics Denmark
1919:linden + mountain
1509:next generation.
389:Duchy of Schleswig
346:Duchy of Schleswig
159:to the main topic.
153:verifiably mention
147:possibly contains
85:possibly contains
2255:Statistics Norway
2224:. 27 January 2015
2022:MyDanishRoots.com
1989:
1988:
1495:
1494:
1403:enclosed pasture
1365:mountain or hill
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403:was overtaken by
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16:(Redirected from
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2138:
2120:
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2109:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2019:
1531:
1530:
1045:
1044:
410:
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344:from the former
334:Northern Jutland
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2164:. 31 March 2017
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1427:
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1420:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1384:hill or mound
1382:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1110:
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1099:
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1093:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1005:Western Norway
996:
993:
990:
989:
983:
980:
977:
976:not in top 20
974:
973:not in top 20
971:
966:
962:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
941:
937:
936:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
913:
909:
908:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
885:
881:
880:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
857:
853:
852:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
829:
825:
824:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
801:
797:
796:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
773:
769:
768:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
745:
741:
740:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
717:
713:
712:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
689:
685:
684:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
661:
657:
656:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
633:
629:
628:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
605:
601:
600:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
577:
573:
572:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
549:
545:
544:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
521:
517:
516:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
493:
489:
488:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
465:
461:
460:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
437:
433:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
316:; for example
301:
298:
208:
207:
190:
189:
144:
142:
135:
128:
127:
82:
80:
73:
68:
42:
41:
39:
32:
18:Danish surname
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2338:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2267:
2262:
2256:
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2244:
2239:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2197:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2163:
2162:Slekt og data
2159:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2133:
2130:(in Danish).
2129:
2125:
2119:
2104:
2101:(in Danish).
2100:
2096:
2090:
2075:
2072:(in Danish).
2071:
2067:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1970:
1967:
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1963:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1590:
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2039:
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2017:
1527:
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1504:Swedish name
1040:
1019:
998:
860:Christiansen
394:
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371:names (e.g.
368:
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357:
356:—smith, and
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214:family names
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84:
60:
53:
47:
46:Please help
43:
26:
2228:28 December
2137:21 November
2108:21 November
2079:21 November
1979:patronymic
1957:patronymic
1935:patronymic
1894:patronymic
1872:patronymic
1850:patronymic
1828:patronymic
1805:patronymic
1783:patronymic
1761:patronymic
1739:patronymic
1717:patronymic
1694:patronymic
1672:patronymic
1650:patronymic
1628:patronymic
1606:patronymic
1584:patronymic
1562:patronymic
1485:patronymic
1463:patronymic
1441:patronymic
1419:patronymic
1412:Johannessen
1340:patronymic
1318:patronymic
1296:patronymic
1274:patronymic
1252:patronymic
1230:patronymic
1223:Kristiansen
1208:patronymic
1186:patronymic
1164:patronymic
1142:patronymic
1120:patronymic
1098:patronymic
1076:patronymic
1023:orthography
982:patronymic
929:patronymic
901:patronymic
873:patronymic
845:patronymic
817:patronymic
789:patronymic
761:patronymic
733:patronymic
705:patronymic
677:patronymic
649:patronymic
621:patronymic
593:patronymic
580:Christensen
565:patronymic
537:patronymic
509:patronymic
481:patronymic
453:patronymic
373:Pontoppidan
312:and end in
296:,'datter'.
218:Scandinavia
2300:Categories
2051:2019-12-16
2009:References
1916:landscape
1776:Pettersson
1754:Gustafsson
1546:Etymology
1515:Strindberg
1434:Andreassen
1400:landscape
1381:landscape
1362:landscape
1060:Etymology
1036:Kverneland
776:Kristensen
431:Etymology
385:Germanized
375:made from
310:patronymic
212:Heritable
94:improve it
49:improve it
2202:4 January
2168:4 January
1950:Magnusson
1928:Jakobsson
1865:Bengtsson
1577:Johansson
1555:Andersson
1478:Halvorsen
1311:Pettersen
1028:Norwegian
1014:Trondheim
969:Mortensen
878:Christian
692:Jørgensen
664:Rasmussen
369:Latinized
352:—miller,
338:Holdensen
318:Rasmussen
290:-zon/zoon
264:include:
253:patronyms
244:patronyms
234:merchants
164:talk page
98:verifying
55:talk page
2306:Surnames
2047:. Dst.dk
1992:See also
1972:Olofsson
1909:Lindberg
1812:/ Jonas
1736:101,834
1732:Svensson
1714:107,911
1691:114,280
1669:124,686
1647:147,514
1643:Eriksson
1625:171,360
1603:223,151
1599:Karlsson
1581:251,495
1559:251,621
1537:Surname
1523:Linnaeus
1456:Jacobsen
1424:Johannes
1235:Kristian
1179:Pedersen
1157:Andersen
1091:Johansen
1051:Surname
916:Johansen
724:130,236
720:Petersen
696:110,132
668:117,355
646:102,848
643:113,207
640:139,111
636:Sørensen
618:107,721
615:118,144
612:148,214
598:Christen
590:111,816
587:121,147
584:159,943
562:149,643
559:166,417
556:203,426
552:Pedersen
534:150,161
531:161,379
528:188,359
524:Andersen
506:197,548
503:220,956
500:297,937
478:233,713
475:264,824
472:368,631
450:236,397
447:264,159
444:349,126
416:Surname
381:artisans
330:Heilesen
306:surnames
262:suffixes
242:primary
230:artisans
222:Nobility
172:May 2016
110:May 2016
1982:son of
1976:26,424
1960:son of
1954:26,562
1938:son of
1932:26,793
1913:27,533
1897:son of
1891:32,249
1887:Jönsson
1875:son of
1869:34,302
1853:son of
1847:43,926
1843:Hansson
1831:son of
1825:50,170
1821:Jansson
1808:son of
1802:73,869
1798:Jonsson
1786:son of
1780:96,011
1764:son of
1758:97,536
1742:son of
1720:son of
1710:Persson
1701:/ Olof
1697:son of
1675:son of
1665:Larsson
1653:son of
1631:son of
1621:Nilsson
1609:son of
1587:son of
1565:son of
1488:son of
1482:11,614
1466:son of
1460:12,016
1446:Andreas
1444:son of
1438:12,218
1422:son of
1416:13,539
1397:14,202
1378:14,467
1359:18,228
1343:son of
1337:19,351
1333:Eriksen
1321:son of
1315:20,466
1299:son of
1293:20,964
1289:Johnsen
1277:son of
1271:21,677
1267:Karlsen
1255:son of
1249:23,318
1233:son of
1227:23,910
1211:son of
1205:35,435
1189:son of
1183:35,688
1167:son of
1161:37,630
1145:son of
1139:38,510
1123:son of
1117:50,655
1101:son of
1095:51,136
1079:son of
1073:54,433
1032:country
985:son of
979:28,124
960:miller
954:29,481
951:30,321
948:31,645
932:son of
926:29,866
923:31,517
920:36,470
904:son of
898:30,545
895:32,526
892:36,544
888:Poulsen
876:son of
870:35,143
867:37,493
864:45,984
848:son of
842:38,244
839:39,473
836:40,180
832:Thomsen
820:son of
814:44,629
811:49,091
808:65,194
794:Kristen
792:son of
786:57,758
783:61,274
780:58,990
764:son of
758:60,676
755:65,222
752:76,441
736:son of
730:72,757
727:81,250
708:son of
702:82,285
699:89,846
680:son of
674:88,351
671:96,250
652:son of
624:son of
596:son of
568:son of
540:son of
512:son of
484:son of
456:son of
440:Nielsen
405:Nielsen
397:Denmark
354:Schmidt
342:Boldsen
300:Denmark
92:Please
2222:ssb.no
2196:"Navn"
2128:dst.dk
2099:dst.dk
2070:dst.dk
1962:Magnus
1788:Petter
1766:Gustaf
1687:Olsson
1567:Anders
1498:Sweden
1490:Halvor
1374:Haugen
1323:Petter
1245:Jensen
1201:Nilsen
1169:Anders
1135:Larsen
1069:Hansen
1009:Bergen
995:Norway
987:Morten
944:Møller
850:Thomas
748:Madsen
710:Jørgen
682:Rasmus
608:Larsen
542:Anders
496:Hansen
468:Jensen
401:Jensen
383:often
379:) and
367:often
365:clergy
358:Fisker
350:Møller
322:Danish
292:, and
257:suffix
238:cities
226:clergy
157:relate
1940:Jakob
1877:Bengt
1589:Johan
1543:Type
1534:Rank
1519:Sköld
1468:Jacob
1393:Hagen
1191:Peder
1113:Olsen
1103:Johan
1057:Type
1048:Rank
934:Johan
804:Olsen
738:Peter
654:Søren
570:Peder
458:Niels
428:Type
413:Rank
377:Broby
332:from
294:-sson
249:affix
2230:2023
2204:2023
2170:2023
2139:2022
2110:2022
2081:2022
1984:Olof
1899:Jöns
1855:Hans
1744:Sven
1677:Lars
1655:Erik
1633:Nils
1611:Karl
1355:Berg
1345:Erik
1301:John
1279:Karl
1257:Jens
1213:Nils
1147:Lars
1081:Hans
906:Poul
766:Mads
626:Lars
514:Hans
486:Jens
340:and
326:-sen
314:-sen
308:are
286:-zen
282:-ler
278:-søn
274:-fen
270:-sen
266:-son
232:and
1968:20
1946:19
1924:18
1905:17
1883:16
1861:15
1839:14
1833:Jan
1817:13
1810:Jon
1794:12
1772:11
1750:10
1722:Per
1699:Ola
1474:20
1452:19
1430:18
1408:17
1389:16
1370:15
1351:14
1329:13
1307:12
1285:11
1263:10
1125:Ole
965:20
940:19
912:18
884:17
856:16
828:15
822:Ole
800:14
772:13
744:12
716:11
688:10
236:in
155:or
96:by
2302::
2220:.
2160:.
2147:^
2126:.
2097:.
2068:.
1728:9
1706:8
1683:7
1661:6
1639:5
1617:4
1595:3
1573:2
1551:1
1241:9
1219:8
1197:7
1175:6
1153:5
1131:4
1109:3
1087:2
1065:1
1038:.
1030::
660:9
632:8
604:7
576:6
548:5
520:4
492:3
464:2
436:1
336:,
288:,
284:,
280:,
276:,
272:,
268:,
228:,
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58:.
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61:(
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