457:
described her admirably in a letter to
Phillipp van Limborch: âThe lady herself is so well versed in theological and philosophical studies, and of such an original mind that you will not find many men to whom she is not superior in wealth of knowledge and ability to profit by it.â She and Locke were of great importance to one another in their friendship and studies, and Locke took up residence in her household (from 1691 until his death in 1704). He brought with him his library (of nearly 2,000 books), purchased for her a writing desk, ink and quills, and paid for the binding of her works. Much of Locke's last will and testament is devoted to gifts, legacies and arrangements for Damaris, Lady Masham and her son, Francis. An account of Locke's last day (during which Lady Masham attended him), and of his character, was published in 1705.
421:
549:âThe improvements of Reason, however requisite to Ladies for their Accomplishment, as rational Creatures; and however needful to them for the well Educating of their Children, and to their being useful in their Families, yet are rarely any recommendation of them to Men; who foolishly thinking, that Money will answer to all things, do, for the most part, regard nothing else in the Woman they would Marry ⊠Girls, betwixt silly Fathers and ignorant Mothers, are generally so brought up, that traditionary Opinions are to them, all their lives long, instead of Reason."
595:(1678)). Even though these manuscripts are not believed to have been in Damaris's possession until the death of her elder brother, John Cudworth (1726), the influence of Ralph Cudworth's ideas upon Locke's work cannot be ignored, and has led some historians to believe that it was Damaris Cudworth Masham herself (familiar with her father's works) who may have influenced Locke during this second revision of "Of Power." Damaris Cudworth Masham did make parallels to her father's ideas on free will (contained in his third manuscript), which appear in her publication
4141:
440:(1678/9â1758)), had one son: Francis Cudworth Masham (1686â1731). Little is known of their personal relationship: the marriage provided security, if no great social or educational advancement of itself. When her father, Ralph Cudworth, died in 1688: he left her such of the English books from his library as she should choose. Her mother maintained close connections with her daughter's household and, when she died (1695), she made extensive provision for her daughter and appointed
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545:(1705), Damaris Cudworth Masham makes two important points regarding the inferior education given to women. Firstly, she argues that giving an inferior education to women leaves them unfit to be able to give their children a proper education (since most children, during this period, were given early education by their mothers and education was still mostly reserved for members of the elite). She writes,
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603:"without a capacity in the Creature to act contrary to the Will of the Creator there could be no desert, or self-excellency in any Created Being; contrariety to the Will of God is therefore permitted in the Universe as a necessary result of Creaturely imperfection, under the greatest endowment that a Created Being is capable of having, viz. That of Freedom or Liberty of Action."
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391:
Although her early life has left no record of formal schooling, the unusual collegiate context of her family environment (and her acquaintance with her father's
Platonist circle) gave her advantages and insights in an age when higher education was not normally accessible to women. The claims that she
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such and such things, because the Word of God requires it; but they are not put upon searching the
Scriptures themselves, to see whether, or no, these things are so." She further argued that a woman's duty and knowledge should not be grounded on the "uncertain and variable Opinions of Men" but that
537:
Often touted as the "Lockean feminist" by scholars (such as
Jaqueline Broad and Lois Frankel), Damaris Cudworth Masham's public works consisted of a mix between her father's Platonism, Lockean theories and arguments, and her own proto-feminist ideals and advocacy. She criticised the double standard
403:
show her experienced in philosophical discourse, capable in discussion of her father's
Platonist views and having knowledge of many Platonist works. By 1682, she was well-read in contemporary philosophy. This was despite a certain weakness of eyesight which affected her ability to read as copiously
456:
From her early twenties onwards, she maintained a close personal relationship with John Locke (during the remainder of his life). They were probably brought together by a mutual friend, Edward Clarke. They met sometime before 1682, and exchanged many personal, and often flirtatious, letters. Locke
557:
Secondly, Cudworth argued that women should have access to education for not only their children's spiritual welfare but for their own. She argued that âWomen have Souls to be savâd as well as Men,â and that, by being blessed with rational thinking, it was imperative for women to understand the
396:(an early associate with whom she came to differ), are to some extent superfluous: she was an intelligent young woman in a brilliant household of academics embedded in the collegiate life. Damaris herself emphasized the importance of the maternal influence on a child's education.
607:
Thereby indicating that her father was likely to have passed-on many of his ideas, regarding free will and the rejection of determinism, to
Damaris (either directly through the reading of his manuscripts or indirectly from her education in philosophical discourse).
176:
178:
553:
Here, Damaris
Cudworth Masham argued that it would be a benefit to all mankind should women be allowed access to higher education since it would allow them to educate better their sons and daughters and advance reason in society.
508:
Near the end of her life Masham, suffering from intense pain due to gallstones, traveled to Bath hoping to improve her condition. Damaris
Cudworth Masham died at Otes (20 April 1708), and was buried in the middle aisle of
198:. She overcame some weakness of eyesight and lack of access to formal higher education to win high regard among eminent thinkers of her time. With an extensive correspondence, she published two works,
587:, Essex. Thus, it is not unlikely that Damaris Cudworth would have had some intellectual influence over aspects of these revisions. In revising the section "Of Power", Locke seems to adopt many of
436:
in the county of Essex (she was thereafter styled Lady Masham). She and Sir
Francis (a widower), already (with his previous wife, Mary Scott) the father of eight children, including the courtier
1921:
Phemister, Pauline, 2007, ' âAll the time and everywhere everything's the same as hereâ: the principle of uniformity in the correspondence between
Leibniz and Lady Masham', in Paul Lodge (ed.),
484:(who easily ascertained her authorship) hastened to amend one of his previous (careless) observations, concerning her father's work, with an elaborate (and probably) sincere compliment upon her
177:
375:(1663/64), and was Fellow there at his death. Whilst her brother, Charles Cudworth, who died in India (1684), and for whom Locke observed her tender affection, may have been educated at
583:. Locke worked on various revisions of this treatise (between 1689 until his death in 1704), during which time he resided, with the Mashams, at their manor of Oates,
320:), by whom there were several half-brothers and sisters. Her mother's stepmother Rebeccah (relict of Mathew Cradock) later married the Emmanuel College Platonist
1152:
The true intellectual system of the universe. The first part wherein all the reason and philosophy of atheism is confuted and its impossibility demonstrated
1997:
448:(her executor) as trustees for the future welfare of her grandson, Francis Cudworth Masham (who later became Accountant-General to the Court of Chancery).
1384:, at p. 379. See a discussion in James G. Buickerood, 'What is it with Damaris, Lady Masham? The Historiography of one early modern woman philosopher',
408:(1690), but this was a statement which she, herself, contradicted and corrected him upon. John Locke also referred to her sight in correspondence with
194:(18 January 1659 â 20 April 1708) was an English writer, philosopher, theologian, and advocate for women's education who is often characterized as a
513:. Over her grave it was written of 'her Learning, Judgement, Sagacity, and Penetration together with her Candor and Love of Truth (Ballard, 337).
1897:
Hutton, Sarah, 2012, 'Religion, Philosophy and Women's Letters: Anne Conway and Damaris Masham', in Anne Dunan-Page and Clotilde Prunier (eds.),
579:
may be argued to have influenced their resulting published works. Most notably, it is surmised that she influenced Locke's second revision of
1168:
1412:'I.3: "Household Affaires are the Opium of the Soul": Damaris Masham and the Necessity of Women's Poetry', in B. Smith and U. Appelt (eds),
1484:
M. Knights, 'Masham, Sir Francis, 3rd Bt. (c. 1646â1723), of Otes, High Laver, Essex', in D. Hayton, E. Cruickshanks and S. Handley (eds),
558:
principles and values behind their own religious beliefs. âThey are, perhaps sometimes told in regard of what Religion exacts, They must
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Lady Damaris Masham. "A discourse concerning the love of God" (London: A. and J. Church at the Black-Swan in Paternoster-Row, 1696).
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1392:
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5 (2005), at pp. 191â93, citing letter of Masham to Jean le Clerc of 18 June 1703, Universitseitbibliotheek, Amsterdam, MS J.58v.
580:
1489:
591:'s ideas (and especially those contained in his unpublished manuscripts, which are considered the second and third parts to his
420:
383:: John Cudworth (an undergraduate under John Andrewes, and later Fellow and Lecturer in Greek (1672â84)), and Thomas Cudworth.
249:
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460:
Constant companions, they exchanged ideas and theories and entertained many other theologians and philosophers (including Sir
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they should, instead, be able to nurture their minds as well as their bodies and form their own opinions about spirituality.
284:(only the first very substantial part of which came to readiness by 1671, with publication in 1678). Overtly a refutation of
1869:, 1989). Reprinted as 'Damaris Cudworth Masham, A seventeenth-century feminist philosopher' in Linda Lopez McAlister (ed),
4250:
4210:
2382:
1287:. Will of Mathew Andrewes, Fellow of Queen's College of Cambridge (P.C.C. 1674, Bunce quire). Abstract in H.F. Waters,
1163:
Benjamin Carter, 'The standing of Ralph Cudworth as a Philosopher', in G.A.J. Rogers, Tom Sorell and Jill Kraye (eds),
3439:
521:
No extant portraits of Damaris Cudworth Masham are known. According to an inventory, her mother owned a portrait, and
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1417:
312:
of London (d. 1641), was first married to London merchant citizen Thomas Andrewes (d. 1653) (son of the Commonwealth
1627:
Lois Frankel, 'Damaris Cudsworth Masham, A Seventeenth-Century Feminist Philosopher,'in Linda Lopez McAlister (ed),
1526:
Her epitaph (monumental inscription in High Laver church) was reputedly written by John Locke, see H.R. Fox Bourne,
1381:
432:
In 1685, Damaris Cudworth (aged 26) married Sir Francis Masham, 3rd Baronet (c.1646â1723), of the Manor of Oates in
371:(from 1664) and held a Fellowship there (until c.1675). Her other half-brother, Matthew Andrewes (d. 1674), entered
367:) and resigned his Fellowship to marry her (1661). Her half-brother, John Andrewes (d. after 1688), also studied at
4230:
3996:
465:
20:
1551:
M. Knights, 'Clarke, Edward I (1650â1710), of Chipley, Som.', in D. Hayton, E. Cruickshanks and S. Handley (eds),
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183:
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380:
368:
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237:
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372:
253:
146:
1876:
Hamou, Philippe, 2008, 'Enthousiasme et nature humaine: Ă propos d'une lettre de Locke Ă Damaris Cudworth',
480:(1705). Both were published anonymously, to avoid prejudice or irrelevant courtesy towards a woman scholar:
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2301:
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683:
412:. Her scholarly calling, itself unusual for a woman in her time, was achieved in spite of this weakness.
345:
325:
257:
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Broad, Jacqueline, 2006, 'A Woman's Influence? John Locke and Damaris Masham on Moral Accountability,'
713:
376:
261:
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268:(1593â1639), had previously studied and held Fellowships there, and had successively held the college
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2110:
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and his wife, Damaris Cudworth (née Cradock) (d. 1695), five years after her father became Master of
206:(1705). She is particularly noted for her long, mutually-influential friendship with the philosopher
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as she wished. There is no medical record for this: John Norris referred to her 'blindness' in his
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Simonutti, Luisa, 1987, 'Damaris Cudworth Masham: una Lady della Repubblica delle Lettere,' in
1584:
Jaqueline Broad, 'A Woman's Influence? John Locke and Damaris Masham on Moral Accountability,'
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Damaris Cudworth Masham's work and correspondence with many of the great philosophers of the
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Hutton, Sarah, 1993, 'Damaris Cudworth, Lady Masham: between Platonism and Enlightenment',
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8:
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1735:
Lady Damaris Masham. "Occasional Thoughts in Reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life."
409:
360:
277:
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1890:
Hutton, Sarah, 2010, 'Damaris Masham', in P. Schuurman and S.-J. Savonius Wroth (eds.),
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276:, Somerset (where the younger Ralph had been born). He became a leading figure of the
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2002:
1968:
1955:
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Sarah Hutton, 'Whichcote, Benjamin (1609â83), theologian and moral philosopher' in
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and the Presocratic Philosophers', in Oliver Primavesi and Katharina Luchner (eds)
634:
629:(Awnsham and John Churchill at the Black-Swan in Paternoster-Row, London 1705). At
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2014:
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was taught by her father, or owed the development of her thought especially to
337:
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of men and women's moralities and women's lack of access to higher education.
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1931:
1865:, Vol. 3, (Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 1991), pp. 73â85. (Reprinted from
364:
297:
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during the 1630s. Both his father (a clergyman and royal chaplain also named
1308:, New Edition, 2 Vols (Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, London 1830), II,
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3748:
3707:
3687:
3459:
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3267:
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2878:
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2481:
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2188:
1899:
Debating the Faith: Religion and Letter-Writing in Great Britain, 1550â1800
1671:
1289:
Genealogical Gleanings in England, with the addition of New Series, A-Anyon
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461:
352:
341:
229:
1697:
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School, and poured immense erudition and originality into his great work,
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2311:
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1981:
1348:
Biographical Register of Christ's College 1505â1905, Volume II, 1666â1905
1206:
Wills of Ralph Cudworth (P.C.C. 1688) and Damaris Cudworth (P.C.C. 1695).
620:(A. and J. Churchill at the Black-Swan in Paternoster-Row, London 1696).
328:(1657). Through her mother's family, Damaris (Lady Masham) was cousin to
285:
1608:
BibliothĂšque Choisie, pour servir de suite Ă la BibliothĂšque Universelle
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3376:
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by Mary Ellen Waith (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.), 73.
584:
522:
510:
441:
433:
425:
400:
207:
1414:
Write or be Written: Early Modern Women Poets and Cultural Constraints
19:"Lady Masham" redirects here. For other people named Lady Masham, see
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3609:
3469:
3396:
3331:
3202:
3136:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2908:
2704:
2264:
2226:
1610:, Vol. VI: AnnĂ©e MDCCV (Henry Schelte, Amsterdam 1705), pp. 342â411,
289:
55:
2839:
1974:
1961:
646:(Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin 1887), vol. 3, pp. 331â375.
351:
Damaris Cudworth's half-sister, Damaris Andrewes (d. 1687), married
3444:
3351:
3316:
3274:
3262:
3050:
2844:
2744:
2687:
2491:
2445:
2329:
1329:, citing Journal entries from Factory Records, Kasinbazar III. See
245:
244:(a position he occupied for the rest of his life). A distinguished
1399:; and a reply by Richard Acworth, 'Cursory Reflections', &c.,
492:
explored their respective theories including the latter's work on
476:. Shortly after Locke's death, she published her best-known work,
3071:
3045:
3040:
2982:
2977:
2809:
2697:
2692:
2651:
2473:
2319:
2201:
1982:
Occasional Thoughts in reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life
1969:
Occasional thoughts regarding a Virtuous or Christian Life, 1705
1873:(Indianapolis, Indiana University Press 1996), pp. 128â138.
1376:
The claim appears to originate speculatively in George Ballard,
627:
Occasional Thoughts in reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life
543:
Occasional Thoughts in reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life
3336:
3257:
2987:
2646:
2636:
2334:
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946:
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228:
Damaris Cudworth, born on 18 January 1659, was the daughter of
1763:
1761:
1365:
Alumni Cantabrigienses Part I. From the earliest times to 1751
3152:
2814:
2100:
2033:
1987:
1333:, 'Cudworth, Ralph (1617â88), theologian and philosopher' in
1306:
The Life of John Locke: With Extracts from His Correspondence
1154:(Richard Royston, London (1678) but with imprimatur of 1671).
1177:
The Presocratics from the Latin Middle Ages to Hermann Diels
1758:
1291:
Vol. II (Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore 1969),
1228:
John T. Young, 'Worthington, John (bap. 1617, d. 1671)' in
1847:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 114â140.
2997:
1553:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690â1715
1517:
Will of Ralph Cudworth, Doctor of Divinity (P.C.C. 1688).
1486:
The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1690â1715
1165:
Insiders and Outsiders in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy
640:
Briefwechsel zwischen Leibniz und Lady Masham. 1703â1705
503:
500:'s work, and on the relationship between body and soul.
1741:
https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/13285/pg13285.html
1631:(Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1996), pp. 128â138.
1118:
Frankel, Lois. "Damaris Cudsworth Masham." Vol. 3, in
4129:
1871:
Hypatia's Daughters: 1500 Years of Women Philosophers
1449:, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 138.
478:
Thoughts in Reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life
303:
204:
Thoughts in reference to a Vertuous or Christian Life
1935:(Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore), pp. 141â165.
1262:, I: 1448â1665 (Cambridge University Press, 1910),
1260:
Biographical Register of Christ's College 1505â1905
359:(from 1649), who had obtained the higher degree of
1894:(London & New York: Continuum), pp. 72â6.
1606:J. le Clerc, 'Article V. Eloge de feu Mr. Locke,'
1386:Locke Studies. An Annual Journal of Locke Research
570:
468:). During this time she published her first work,
451:
1642:Lettres Choisies de Mr. Bayle, avec des Remarques
1530:, 2 Vols (Harper & Brothers, New York 1876),
415:
4177:
1995:Hill, Bridget. "Masham , Damaris, Lady Masham".
292:theology, in the light of his near-contemporary
488:and other perfections. Her correspondence with
1843:Broad, Jacqueline, 2002, 'Damaris Masham', in
1644:, Vol. III (Fritsch et Böhm, Rotterdam 1714),
1640:'Lettre CCXXVII, Ă Mr Coste, 3 Juillet 1705,'
1597:Will of John Lock of High Laver (P.C.C. 1704).
472:(1696), which was a response to John Norris's
16:British philosopher and theologian (1659â1708)
2049:
1885:British Journal for the History of Philosophy
1845:Women Philosophers of the Seventeenth Century
1588:2006 (University of Pennsylvania Press), 493.
1567:
1565:
1506:http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/lady-masham
1447:Women Philosophers of the Seventeenth Century
1428:
1426:
324:, whose niece married her father's friend Dr
308:Her mother, Damaris, daughter of Damaris and
288:, his work evolved in critique of aspects of
2001:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1173:The True Intellectual System of the Universe
593:The True Intellectual System of the Universe
282:The True Intellectual System of the Universe
529:(1704), but both appear to have been lost.
223:
2056:
2042:
1956:Discourse concerning the Love of God, 1696
1711:A History of Women Philosophers, 1600â1900
1686:Memoirs of several ladies of Great Britain
1659:A History of Women Philosophers, 1600â1900
1562:
1473:A History of Women Philosophers, 1600â1900
1434:A History of Women Philosophers, 1600â1900
1423:
1378:Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain
1120:A History of Women Philosophers, 1600â1900
532:
406:Reflections upon the Conduct of Human Life
252:, Ralph Cudworth had been educated in the
1914:Laslett, Peter, 1953, 'Masham of Oates',
348:, Cambridge during the 1640s and 1650s).
344:, Suffolk (both of whom were educated at
1925:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
419:
174:
1998:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1542:Will of Damaris Cudworth (P.C.C. 1695).
1350:(Cambridge University Press 1913), II,
1335:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1230:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1217:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1171:. Catherine Osborne, 'Ralph Cudworth's
581:An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
4178:
1904:Hutton, Sarah. 'Lady Damaris Masham,'
1445:Jaqueline Broad. "Damaris Masham." In
1197:Will Of Thomas Andrewes (P.C.C. 1653).
900:
896:
886:
784:
673:
669:
618:A discourse concerning the Love of God
470:A Discourse Concerning the Love of God
200:A Discourse Concerning the Love of God
3795:
2537:
2075:
2037:
1500:Sarah Hutton, "Lady Damaris Masham."
1188:Will of Mathew Cradock (P.C.C. 1641).
1056:
1053:
1043:
1031:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1001:
998:
988:
976:
966:
962:
950:
940:
930:
918:
908:
904:
880:
870:
857:
847:
843:
831:
828:
818:
802:
792:
788:
772:
766:
756:
743:
733:
729:
717:
711:
701:
681:
677:
504:Death (1708), memorial, and portraits
355:, a student, graduate, and Fellow of
1475:, 73â74; but see Buickerood, p. 193.
1114:
1112:
999:3. Damaris Cradock Andrewes (d.1695)
659:Ancestors of Damaris Cudworth Masham
264:) and his stepfather, the clergyman
213:
2027:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1906:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1573:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1502:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1133:Cambridge Platonist Research Portal
803:10. Matthew Machell (c.1549â93) of
13:
1857:Frankel, Lois, 1989, 1991, 1996, '
1837:
304:Damaris Cradock Andrewes (d. 1695)
14:
4267:
4241:17th-century English philosophers
1939:
1555:(from Boydell and Brewer, 2002),
1179:(Steiner Verlag 2011), pp 215â35.
1109:
642:. In: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz:
4226:17th-century English theologians
4163:
4151:
4139:
4113:
4112:
4099:
1994:
1892:The Continuum Companion to Locke
1854:, 67 no. 3 (July 2006): 489â510.
466:Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont
4206:Scholars of feminist philosophy
1878:Revue de MĂ©taphysique et Morale
1863:A History of Women Philosophers
1852:Journal of the History of Ideas
1829:Journal of the History of Ideas
1821:
1812:
1807:Journal of the History of Ideas
1799:
1794:Journal of the History of Ideas
1786:
1781:Journal of the History of Ideas
1773:
1745:
1729:
1716:
1703:
1691:
1678:
1664:
1651:
1634:
1621:
1612:at pp. 398â401 (deathbed scene)
1600:
1591:
1586:Journal of the History of Ideas
1578:
1545:
1536:
1520:
1511:
1494:
1478:
1465:
1452:
1439:
1406:
1370:
1357:
1340:
1315:
1298:
1273:
1252:
1235:
571:Influence on other philosophers
452:Correspondence and publications
111:
4246:Christian feminist theologians
2063:
1923:Leibniz and his Correspondents
1861:,' in Mary Ellen Waithe, ed.,
1304:Locke's letter, in Lord King,
1222:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1157:
1144:
1125:
829:5. Mary Machell (c. 1582â1634)
682:8. Ralph Cudworth (d.1572) of
416:Marriage (1685) and motherhood
379:; her other brothers attended
1:
3796:
1488:(Boydell & Brewer, 2002)
1103:
218:
192:Damaris Cudworth, Lady Masham
4256:17th-century English writers
3585:Ordinary language philosophy
2076:
2015:UK public library membership
1908:(Stanford University 2014).
1557:History of Parliament Online
1416:(Routledge, Abingdon 2016),
1367:, Vol. 1 (1922), pp. 430â31.
714:Ralph Cudworth (1572/3â1624)
635:Earlymoderntexts.com edition
633:(accessed 8 December 2014).
622:Earlymoderntexts.com edition
516:
386:
7:
3635:Contemporary utilitarianism
3550:Internalism and externalism
650:
444:, Edward Clarke and Bishop
10:
4272:
4251:17th-century English women
4211:English women philosophers
2899:Svatantrika and Prasangika
2538:
1910:(accessed 8 December 2014)
1266:(Internet Archive). Venn,
898:
778:
671:
377:Trinity College, Cambridge
373:Queens' College, Cambridge
250:Regius Professor of Hebrew
101:Sir Francis Masham, 3rd Bt
18:
4093:
4045:
3945:
3907:
3854:
3821:
3812:
3808:
3791:
3741:
3653:
3491:
3482:
3415:
3198:
3189:
3167:
3122:
3064:
3016:
2970:
2961:
2924:
2795:
2660:
2607:
2598:
2548:
2544:
2533:
2472:
2444:
2401:
2353:
2310:
2263:
2235:
2187:
2159:
2121:Philosophy of mathematics
2111:Philosophy of information
2086:
2082:
2071:
2024:entry by Sarah Hutton in
1138:14 September 2014 at the
1037:
1019:
1015:
1007:
982:
964:
956:
924:
906:
902:
864:
845:
837:
812:
790:
786:
750:
731:
723:
695:
675:
340:, nonconformist tutor of
169:
157:
145:
135:
125:
121:
95:
87:
79:
63:
37:
30:
943:Matthew Cradock (d.1641)
769:Ralph Cudworth (1617â88)
644:Philosophische Schriften
611:
490:Gottfried Wilhem Leibniz
224:Ralph Cudworth (1617â88)
182:Damaris, Lady Masham in
4231:British epistemologists
3590:Postanalytic philosophy
3531:Experimental philosophy
1946:Works by Damaris Masham
1859:Damaris Cudworth Masham
1380:(Author, Oxford 1752),
1270:, Vol. I Part 1, p. 30.
883:Damaris Cudworth Masham
533:Philosophy and advocacy
494:Pre-established harmony
438:Samuel, 1st Lord Masham
296:, and in opposition to
242:University of Cambridge
130:17th-century philosophy
4236:British metaphysicians
3723:Social constructionism
2735:Hellenistic philosophy
2151:Theoretical philosophy
2126:Philosophy of religion
2116:Philosophy of language
2007:10.1093/ref:odnb/18262
1901:(Dordrecht: Springer).
1528:The Life of John Locke
1281:Alumni Cantabrigienses
1268:Alumni Cantabrigienses
1243:Alumni Cantabrigienses
605:
551:
429:
188:
4106:Philosophy portal
3625:Scientific skepticism
3605:Reformed epistemology
2131:Philosophy of science
1395:24 March 2016 at the
1323:Biographical Register
601:
547:
525:ordered one from Sir
423:
399:Her early letters to
286:atheistic determinism
181:
4221:Cambridge Platonists
3526:Critical rationalism
3233:Edo neo-Confucianism
3077:Acintya bheda abheda
3056:Renaissance humanism
2767:School of the Sextii
2141:Practical philosophy
2136:Political philosophy
1930:Scritti in Onore di
1672:"Masham (1659-1708)"
474:Practical Discourses
314:Lord Mayor of London
152:Cambridge Platonists
3097:Nimbarka Sampradaya
3008:Korean Confucianism
2755:Academic Skepticism
2022:Lady Damaris Masham
1769:Occasional Thoughts
1629:Hypatia's Daughters
597:Occasional Thoughts
410:Philip van Limborch
361:Doctor of both laws
278:Cambridge Platonist
3718:Post-structuralism
3620:Scientific realism
3575:Quinean naturalism
3555:Logical positivism
3511:Analytical Marxism
2730:Peripatetic school
2642:Chinese naturalism
2169:Aesthetic response
2096:Applied philosophy
1753:Women Philosophers
1724:Women Philosophers
1698:Masham (1659â1708)
1167:(Routledge 2010),
430:
322:Benjamin Whichcote
189:
164:Christian theology
140:Western philosophy
4201:English feminists
4127:
4126:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4080:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3506:Analytic feminism
3478:
3477:
3440:Kierkegaardianism
3402:Transcendentalism
3362:Neo-scholasticism
3208:Classical Realism
3185:
3184:
2957:
2956:
2772:Neopythagoreanism
2529:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2146:Social philosophy
2013:(Subscription or
1991:. 25 August 2004.
1988:Project Gutenberg
1950:Project Gutenberg
1737:Project Gutenburg
1684:Ballard G (1752)
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
858:11. Mary Lewkenor
631:Project Gutenberg
214:Family background
179:
173:
172:
4263:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4135:
4116:
4115:
4104:
4103:
4102:
3819:
3818:
3810:
3809:
3793:
3792:
3683:Frankfurt School
3630:Transactionalism
3580:Normative ethics
3560:Legal positivism
3536:Falsificationism
3521:Consequentialism
3516:Communitarianism
3489:
3488:
3357:New Confucianism
3196:
3195:
3003:Neo-Confucianism
2968:
2967:
2777:Second Sophistic
2762:Middle Platonism
2605:
2604:
2546:
2545:
2535:
2534:
2378:Epiphenomenalism
2245:Consequentialism
2179:Institutionalism
2084:
2083:
2073:
2072:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2018:
2010:
1975:Earlymoderntexts
1962:Earlymoderntexts
1832:
1825:
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1816:
1810:
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1518:
1515:
1509:
1504:. (March 2014).
1498:
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1123:
1116:
744:9. Jane Assheton
665:
664:
656:
655:
496:, on her father
381:Christ's College
369:Christ's College
357:Christ's College
346:Emmanuel College
326:John Worthington
258:Emmanuel College
238:Christ's College
185:Women of History
180:
115:
113:
88:Other names
70:
51:
49:
42:Damaris Cudworth
28:
27:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4265:
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4262:
4261:
4260:
4196:Cudworth family
4176:
4175:
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4130:
4128:
4123:
4100:
4098:
4077:
4041:
3941:
3903:
3850:
3804:
3803:
3775:
3764:Russian cosmism
3737:
3733:Western Marxism
3698:New Historicism
3663:Critical theory
3649:
3645:Wittgensteinian
3541:Foundationalism
3474:
3411:
3392:Social contract
3248:Foundationalism
3181:
3163:
3147:Illuminationism
3132:Aristotelianism
3118:
3107:Vishishtadvaita
3060:
3012:
2953:
2920:
2791:
2720:Megarian school
2715:Eretrian school
2656:
2617:Agriculturalism
2594:
2540:
2521:
2468:
2440:
2397:
2349:
2306:
2290:Incompatibilism
2259:
2231:
2183:
2155:
2078:
2067:
2062:
2030:. 7 March 2014.
2012:
1942:
1840:
1838:Further reading
1835:
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1601:
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1583:
1579:
1570:
1563:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1532:II, pp. 306â07.
1525:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1499:
1495:
1483:
1479:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1453:
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1431:
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1411:
1407:
1397:Wayback Machine
1375:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1345:
1341:
1331:David A. Pailin
1320:
1316:
1303:
1299:
1283:Vol. I Part 1,
1278:
1274:
1257:
1253:
1245:Vol. I Part 1,
1240:
1236:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1196:
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1162:
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1140:Wayback Machine
1130:
1126:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1101:
653:
614:
573:
535:
527:Godfrey Kneller
519:
506:
454:
418:
389:
336:(1680â95), and
334:Provost of Eton
330:Zachary Cradock
318:Thomas Andrewes
306:
256:environment of
226:
221:
216:
175:
160:
117:
114: 1685)
109:
105:
102:
75:
74:London, England
72:
68:
59:
53:
52:18 January 1659
47:
45:
44:
43:
33:
24:
21:Baroness Masham
17:
12:
11:
5:
4269:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
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4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4173:
4172:
4160:
4148:
4146:United Kingdom
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4109:
4094:
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4087:
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4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
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3951:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3909:Middle Eastern
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3860:
3858:
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3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3673:Existentialism
3670:
3668:Deconstruction
3665:
3659:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
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3597:
3592:
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3582:
3577:
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3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3501:Applied ethics
3497:
3495:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3465:Nietzscheanism
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3407:Utilitarianism
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3305:Transcendental
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3243:Existentialism
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3187:
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3068:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3031:Augustinianism
3028:
3022:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2955:
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2946:
2944:Zoroastrianism
2941:
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2922:
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2787:Church Fathers
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2302:Libertarianism
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2019:
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1940:External links
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1356:
1339:
1314:
1297:
1272:
1251:
1234:
1221:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1156:
1143:
1124:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
978:
977:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
965:
963:
961:
958:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
939:
936:
935:
932:
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
920:
919:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
892:
891:
888:
887:
885:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
869:
866:
865:
863:
860:
859:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
846:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
817:
814:
813:
811:
808:
807:
801:
798:
797:
794:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
780:
779:
777:
774:
773:
771:
765:
762:
761:
758:
757:
755:
752:
751:
749:
746:
745:
742:
739:
738:
735:
734:
732:
730:
728:
725:
724:
722:
719:
718:
716:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
700:
697:
696:
694:
691:
690:
680:
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
661:
660:
654:
652:
649:
648:
647:
637:
624:
613:
610:
589:Ralph Cudworth
572:
569:
534:
531:
518:
515:
505:
502:
498:Ralph Cudworth
453:
450:
417:
414:
388:
385:
338:Samuel Cradock
310:Mathew Cradock
305:
302:
294:René Descartes
266:John Stoughton
262:Ralph Cudworth
254:non-conforming
234:Ralph Cudworth
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
196:proto-feminist
171:
170:
167:
166:
161:
159:Main interests
158:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:
107:
103:
100:
99:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
73:
71:(aged 49)
65:
61:
60:
54:
41:
39:
35:
34:
32:Damaris Masham
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4268:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4149:
4147:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4120:
4119:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:Miscellaneous
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:Miscellaneous
3740:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3728:Structuralism
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3713:Postmodernism
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:Phenomenology
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3640:Vienna Circle
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:Moral realism
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:Phenomenology
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3312:Individualism
3310:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3177:Judeo-Islamic
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3153:ÊżIlm al-KalÄm
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Shuddhadvaita
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:Scholasticism
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2532:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:Conceptualism
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:Particularism
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:Functionalism
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:Eliminativism
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:Compatibilism
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Particularism
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1985:available in
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:available at
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1959:available at
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1932:Eugenio Garin
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:History Today
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1887:1 (1): 29â54.
1886:
1882:
1880:, 3: 337â350.
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1830:
1824:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1725:
1719:
1712:
1706:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1681:
1674:. projectvox.
1673:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1630:
1624:
1617:
1614:; pp. 402â10
1613:
1609:
1603:
1594:
1587:
1581:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1514:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1461:
1460:Locke Studies
1455:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1402:
1401:Locke Studies
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1373:
1366:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1150:R. Cudworth,
1147:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
992:
991:
986:
985:
980:
979:
974:
973:
970:
969:
960:
959:
954:
953:
948:
944:
938:
937:
934:
933:
928:
927:
922:
921:
916:
915:
912:
911:
894:
893:
890:
889:
884:
878:
877:
874:
873:
868:
867:
862:
861:
855:
854:
851:
850:
841:
840:
835:
834:
826:
825:
822:
821:
816:
815:
810:
809:
806:
800:
799:
796:
795:
782:
781:
776:
775:
770:
764:
763:
760:
759:
754:
753:
748:
747:
741:
740:
737:
736:
727:
726:
721:
720:
715:
709:
708:
705:
704:
699:
698:
693:
692:
689:
685:
679:
667:
666:
663:
662:
658:
657:
645:
641:
638:
636:
632:
628:
625:
623:
619:
616:
615:
609:
604:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Enlightenment
568:
565:
561:
555:
550:
546:
544:
539:
530:
528:
524:
514:
512:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
449:
447:
446:Edward Fowler
443:
439:
435:
427:
424:Oates Manor,
422:
413:
411:
407:
402:
397:
395:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
301:
299:
298:Thomas Hobbes
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
187:
186:
168:
165:
162:
156:
153:
150:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
120:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
67:20 April 1708
66:
62:
57:
40:
36:
29:
26:
22:
4111:
4097:
3768:
3759:Postcritique
3749:Kyoto School
3708:Posthumanism
3688:Hermeneutics
3543: /
3484:Contemporary
3460:Newtonianism
3423:Cartesianism
3382:Reductionism
3218:Conservatism
3213:Collectivism
3151:
2879:SarvÄstivadÄ
2857:Anekantavada
2782:Neoplatonism
2750:Epicureanism
2683:Pythagoreans
2622:Confucianism
2588:Contemporary
2578:Early modern
2482:Anti-realism
2436:Universalism
2393:Subjectivism
2189:Epistemology
2025:
1996:
1986:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1929:
1922:
1918:, 3: 535â43.
1915:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1851:
1844:
1828:
1823:
1814:
1806:
1801:
1793:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1752:
1747:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1710:
1705:
1693:
1685:
1680:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1648:(In French).
1641:
1636:
1628:
1623:
1618:(In French).
1616:(character).
1607:
1602:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1552:
1547:
1538:
1527:
1522:
1513:
1501:
1496:
1485:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1459:
1458:Buickerood,
1454:
1446:
1441:
1433:
1418:at pp. 83 ff
1413:
1408:
1400:
1385:
1377:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1347:
1342:
1334:
1322:
1317:
1305:
1300:
1288:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1259:
1254:
1242:
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1229:
1224:
1216:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1176:
1172:
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1159:
1151:
1146:
1127:
1119:
882:
643:
639:
626:
617:
606:
602:
596:
592:
574:
563:
559:
556:
552:
548:
542:
540:
536:
520:
507:
485:
482:Pierre Bayle
477:
473:
469:
462:Isaac Newton
459:
455:
431:
405:
398:
390:
353:Edward Abney
350:
342:Wickhambrook
307:
281:
230:the Reverend
227:
203:
199:
191:
190:
184:
69:(1708-04-20)
25:
4191:1708 deaths
4186:1659 births
3754:Objectivism
3693:Neo-Marxism
3655:Continental
3565:Meta-ethics
3545:Coherentism
3450:Hegelianism
3387:Rationalism
3347:Natural law
3327:Materialism
3253:Historicism
3223:Determinism
3114:Navya-NyÄya
2889:SautrÄntika
2884:Pudgalavada
2820:Vaisheshika
2673:Presocratic
2573:Renaissance
2512:Physicalism
2497:Materialism
2403:Normativity
2388:Objectivism
2373:Emergentism
2363:Behaviorism
2312:Metaphysics
2278:Determinism
2217:Rationalism
1646:pp. 874â76.
1390:pp. 179â214
394:John Norris
202:(1696) and
91:Lady Masham
80:Nationality
4216:John Locke
4180:Categories
4170:Philosophy
4053:Amerindian
3960:Australian
3899:Vietnamese
3879:Indonesian
3428:Kantianism
3377:Positivism
3367:Pragmatism
3342:Naturalism
3322:Liberalism
3300:Subjective
3238:Empiricism
3142:Avicennism
3087:Bhedabheda
2971:East Asian
2894:Madhyamaka
2874:Abhidharma
2740:Pyrrhonism
2507:Nominalism
2502:Naturalism
2431:Skepticism
2421:Relativism
2411:Absolutism
2340:Naturalism
2250:Deontology
2222:Skepticism
2207:Naturalism
2197:Empiricism
2161:Aesthetics
2065:Philosophy
2017:required.)
1809:, 502â508.
1796:, 497â500.
1739:. (1705).
1490:Read here.
1388:5 (2005),
1382:pp. 379â88
1346:J. Peile,
1258:J. Peile,
1169:pp. 99â111
1104:References
1054:7. Damaris
585:High Laver
523:John Locke
511:Bath Abbey
442:John Locke
434:High Laver
426:High Laver
401:John Locke
246:classicist
232:Professor
219:Early life
208:John Locke
48:1659-01-18
4158:Biography
3932:Pakistani
3894:Taiwanese
3841:Ethiopian
3814:By region
3800:By region
3615:Scientism
3610:Systemics
3470:Spinozism
3397:Socialism
3332:Modernism
3295:Objective
3203:Anarchism
3137:Averroism
3026:Christian
2978:Neotaoism
2949:Zurvanism
2939:Mithraism
2934:Mazdakism
2705:Cyrenaics
2632:Logicians
2265:Free will
2227:Solipsism
2174:Formalism
1709:Frankel,
1657:Frankel,
1471:Frankel,
1432:Frankel,
1420:(Google).
1403:6 (2006).
1327:pp. 49â50
1312:(Google).
1310:pp. 16â21
517:Portraits
387:Education
290:Calvinist
270:rectorate
96:Spouse(s)
58:, England
56:Cambridge
4118:Category
4073:Yugoslav
4063:Romanian
3970:Scottish
3955:American
3884:Japanese
3864:Buddhist
3846:Africana
3836:Egyptian
3678:Feminist
3600:Rawlsian
3595:Quietism
3493:Analytic
3445:Krausism
3352:Nihilism
3317:Kokugaku
3280:Absolute
3275:Idealism
3263:Humanism
3051:Occamism
3018:European
2963:Medieval
2909:Yogacara
2869:Buddhist
2862:SyÄdvÄda
2745:Stoicism
2710:Cynicism
2698:Sophists
2693:Atomists
2688:Eleatics
2627:Legalism
2568:Medieval
2492:Idealism
2446:Ontology
2426:Nihilism
2330:Idealism
2088:Branches
2077:Branches
1767:Masham,
1661:, p. 75.
1571:Hutton,
1436:, 73â74.
1393:Archived
1136:Archived
651:Ancestry
4132:Portals
4068:Russian
4037:Spanish
4032:Slovene
4022:Maltese
4017:Italian
3997:Finland
3965:British
3947:Western
3937:Turkish
3922:Islamic
3917:Iranian
3869:Chinese
3856:Eastern
3823:African
3770:more...
3455:Marxism
3285:British
3228:Dualism
3124:Islamic
3082:Advaita
3072:Vedanta
3046:Scotism
3041:Thomism
2983:Tiantai
2926:Persian
2914:Tibetan
2904:ĆĆ«nyatÄ
2845:CÄrvÄka
2835:ÄjÄ«vika
2830:MÄ«mÄáčsÄ
2810:Samkhya
2725:Academy
2678:Ionians
2652:Yangism
2609:Chinese
2600:Ancient
2563:Western
2558:Ancient
2517:Realism
2474:Reality
2464:Process
2345:Realism
2325:Dualism
2320:Atomism
2202:Fideism
1867:Hypatia
1827:Broad.
1805:Broad.
1792:Broad.
1779:Broad.
1751:Broad,
1722:Broad,
1321:Peile,
1293:p. 1738
684:Werneth
560:Believe
541:In her
428:, Essex
240:in the
116:
108:
104:
83:English
4027:Polish
4007:German
4002:French
3987:Danish
3977:Canada
3927:Jewish
3889:Korean
3874:Indian
3416:People
3337:Monism
3290:German
3258:Holism
3191:Modern
3169:Jewish
3092:Dvaita
3065:Indian
2988:Huayan
2840:Ajñana
2797:Indian
2662:Greco-
2647:Taoism
2637:Mohism
2583:Modern
2550:By era
2539:By era
2454:Action
2335:Monism
2255:Virtue
2237:Ethics
2011:
1831:, 506.
1783:, 492.
1755:. 139.
1726:. 138.
1363:Venn,
1279:Venn,
1264:p. 612
1241:Venn,
947:London
805:London
688:Oldham
486:Savoir
147:School
136:Region
4058:Aztec
4012:Greek
3992:Dutch
3982:Czech
3831:Bantu
3268:Anti-
2815:Nyaya
2805:Hindu
2665:Roman
2459:Event
2101:Logic
1713:, 83.
1352:p. 46
1285:p. 30
612:Works
274:Aller
110:(
106:
3159:Sufi
2993:Chan
2852:Jain
2825:Yoga
2355:Mind
2295:Hard
2283:Hard
1325:II,
1247:p. 2
1131:See
562:and
464:and
365:LL.D
316:Sir
248:and
64:Died
38:Born
3433:Neo
2998:Zen
2003:doi
1948:at
945:of
941:6.
881:1.
767:2.
712:4.
272:of
126:Era
4182::
1760:^
1564:^
1425:^
1111:^
686:,
599:,
564:Do
332:,
300:.
210:.
112:m.
4134::
2057:e
2050:t
2043:v
2009:.
2005::
1688:.
1575:.
1559:.
1508:.
1354:.
1337:.
1295:.
1249:.
1232:.
1219:.
363:(
50:)
46:(
23:.
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