2844:, born to an absent Spanish father and a Criolla mother. Not only was she highly intelligent, but also self-educated, having studied in her wealthy grandfather's library. Sor Juana as a woman was barred from entering formal education. She pleaded with her mother to let her masculinize her appearance and attend university under a male guise. After the Vicereine Leonor Carreto took Sor Juana under her wing, the Viceroy, the Marquis de Mancera, provided Sor Juana with the chance to prove her intelligence. She exceeded all expectations, and legitimized by the vice-regal court, established a reputation for herself as an intellectual.
2822:
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51:
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Moreover, not men alone, but women too, have a natural inclination toward virtue and the capacity for acquiring it, and it is the nature of women no less than men to be pleased by good and just acts and to reject the opposite of these. If this is true, by what reasoning would it ever be appropriate for men to search out and consider how they may lead good lives, which is exactly the study of philosophy, but inappropriate for women?"
2398:
indicted for encouraging an attack on a prison at
Maidstone in Kent, and another was responsible for robbing a multitude of mansions, which left servants too scared to return afterwards. Although there were only a small number of female leaders involved in the Peasants' Revolt, there were surprising numbers of women among the rebels, including 70 in
3131:. However, women received mixed messages, for there was also a strident backlash and even self-deprecation by some women writers in response. They were also subjected to conflicting social pressures: fewer opportunities for work outside the home, and education that sometimes reinforced the social order as much as inspired independent thinking.
3123:(1651–1695), advanced the education of women in her essay "Reply to Sor Philotea". By the end of the 17th century women's voices were becoming increasingly heard at least by educated women. Literature in the last decades of the century was sometimes referred to as the "Battle of the Sexes", and was often surprisingly polemic, such as
2474:, Katherina is seen as unmarriageable for her headstrong, outspoken nature, unlike her mild sister Bianca. She is seen as a wayward shrew who needs taming into submission. Once tamed, she readily goes when Petruchio summons her. Her submission is applauded; she is accepted as a proper woman, now "conformable to other household Kates."
2504:, Renaissance Europe saw the publication of numerous treatises on witches: their essence, their features, and ways to spot, prosecute and punish them. This helped to reinforce and perpetuate the view of women as dangerous, morally corrupt sinners who sought to corrupt men, and to retain the restrictions placed on them.
2239:. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly families, who wanted to ensure the highest possible education for both their sons and daughters. However, some men did not approve of this practice, such as Muhammad ibn al-Hajj (died 1336), who was appalled by women speaking in loud voices and exposing their
2952:
2402:. The women involved had valid reasons for desiring to be so and on occasions taking a leading role. The 1380 poll tax was tougher on married women, so it is unsurprising that some women were as violent as men in their involvement. Their acts of violence signified mounting hatred for the government.
2294:
In
Christian Medieval Europe, the dominant view was that women were intellectually and morally weaker than men, having been tainted by the original sin of Eve as described in biblical tradition. This was used to justify many limits placed on women, such as not being allowed to own property, or being
2171:
Are dogs divided into hes and shes, or do they both share equally in hunting and in keeping watch and in the other duties of dogs? Or do we entrust to the males the entire and exclusive care of the flocks, while we leave the females at home, under the idea that the bearing and suckling their puppies
2485:
wrote, "While you live in these times when learning has so far decayed that it is regarded as positively miraculous to meet a learned man, let alone a woman." Bruni himself thought women had no need of education because they were not engaged in social forums for which such discourse was needed. In
2270:(The Distinguished Jurist's Primer) he added that such duties could include participation in warfare and expressed discontent with the fact that women in his society were typically limited to being mothers and wives. Several women are said to have taken part in battles or helped in them during the
2847:
For reasons still debated, Sor Juana became a nun. While in the convent, she became a controversial figure, advocating recognition of women theologians, criticizing the patriarchal and colonial structures of the Church, and publishing her own writing, in which she set herself as an authority. Sor
2579:
that are still anthologized. She was seen as having talent without a woman's weakness, industry with a man's perseverance, and the body of a weak and feeble woman, but the heart and stomach of a king. The only way she could be seen as a good ruler was through manly qualities. Being a powerful and
2397:
argues that women often had the strongest desire to participate in revolts, including the
Peasants' Revolt. They did all that men did, and were just as violent in rebelling against the government, if not more so. Ferrour was not the only female leader of the Peasants' Revolt; one Englishwoman was
2490:
For why should the subtleties of... a thousand... rhetorical conundra consume the powers of a woman, who never sees the forum? The contests of the forum, like those of warfare and battle, are the sphere of men. Hers is not the task of learning to speak for and against witnesses, for and against
2190:
entitled one of his 21 Discourses "That Women Too Should Study
Philosophy", in which he argues for equal education of women in philosophy: "If you ask me what doctrine produces such an education, I shall reply that as without philosophy no man would be properly educated, so no woman would be.
2416:
Since her rediscovery in the 1600s by Conrad Celtis, Hrotsvitha has become a source of particular interest and study for feminists, who have begun to place her work in a feminist context, some arguing that while
Hrotsvitha was not a feminist, that she is important to the history of feminism.
2413:, a German secular canoness, was born about 935 and died about 973. Her work is still seen as important, as she was the first female writer from the German lands, the first female historian, and apparently the first person since antiquity to write dramas in the Latin West.
2463:
defined a woman: she was whom she married. Till marriage she remained her father's property. Each had few rights beyond privileges granted by a husband or father. She was expected to be chaste, obedient, pleasant, gentle, submissive, and unless sweet-spoken, silent. In
3021:– cultural gathering places of the upper-class intelligentsia – which were run by women and in which they took part as artists. But while women gained salon membership, they stayed in the background, writing "but not for ". Despite their limited role in the salons,
3041:
together laid the groundwork for feminist theory in the 17th century. No woman would speak out as strongly again for another century. In historical accounts, Astell is often overshadowed by her younger and more colourful friend and correspondent
3065:, one of the first English women to earn her living as a writer, who was influential as a novelist, playwright and political propagandist. Although successful in her lifetime, Behn was often vilified as "unwomanly" by 18th-century writers like
3073:. Likewise, the 19th-century critic Julia Kavanagh said that "instead of raising man to woman's moral standards sank to the level of man's courseness." Not until the 20th century would Behn gain a wider readership and critical acceptance.
2664:
were among some of the first women to adopt male rhetoric styles to rectify the inferior social context for women. Men at the time also recognised that certain women intellectuals had possibilities, and began writing their biographies, as
2179:
states that women in Plato's ideal state should work alongside men, receive equal education, and share equally in all aspects of the state. The sole exception involved women working in capacities which required less physical strength.
3036:
and others who preceded her. She was certainly among the earliest feminist writers in
English, whose analyses remain relevant today, and who moved beyond earlier writers by instituting educational institutions for women. Astell and
2757:
and forced to move to their settlements to serve them and bear children. Juliana poisoned her
Spaniard master and boasted of her actions to her peers, ending up executed as a warning to other indigenous women not to do the same.
2769:. The figure of the India Juliana has been reclaimed as a foremother by Paraguayan academics and activists as part of a process of "recovery of feminist and women's genealogies" in South America, intended to move away from the
2639:
fought to belie such literary misogyny through defenses of women in biographical work and the exoneration of Eve. She made a space for women's voice in this time period, being regarded as a female intellectual. Similarly,
2295:
obliged to obey fathers or husbands at all times. This view and curbs derived from it were disputed even in medieval times. Medieval
European protofeminists recognized as important to the development of feminism include
2209:
While in the pre-modern period there was no formal feminist movement in
Islamic nations, there were a number of important figures who spoke for improving women's rights and autonomy. The medieval mystic and philosopher
2634:
salons that held intelligent debate and lectures did not allow women. This exclusion from public forums led to problems for educated women. Despite these constraints, many women were capable voices of new ideas.
2623:. She and her sisters were educated to male standards, and four out of five became professional painters. Sofonisba was the most successful of all, crowning her career as court painter to the Spanish king
2805:
simultaneously." Several feminist groups, schools, libraries and centers for the promotion of women in
Paraguay are named after her, and she is "carried as a banner" in the annual demonstrations of
2456:
because she bore him sons, in the same way as one tolerated the noise of geese because they produce eggs and chicks. This analogy perpetuated the claim that a woman's sole role was reproduction.
2975:, carried over into gender equality and so had political implications. Leveller women mounted demonstrations and petitions for equal rights, although dismissed by the authorities of the day.
2157:, according to Elaine Hoffman Baruch, " for the total political and sexual equality of women, advocating that they be members of his highest class... those who rule and fight." Book five of
2644:
re-imagined the role of women in society and argued that education is a right for all humans and going so far as to say that women were at fault for not seizing their educational rights.
246:
2695:
and prayer books suddenly became necessary to all, including women and girls. Protestant communities started to set up schools where ordinary boys and girls were taught basic literacy.
158:
2591:
Aristocratic women had greater chances of receiving an education, but it was not impossible for lower-class women to become literate. A woman named Margherita, living during the
2810:
3714:
Discours Execrable Des Sorciers: Ensemble leur Procez, faits depuis 2. ans en çà , en diuers endroicts de la France. Avec une instruction pour un Juge, en faict de Sorcelerie..
3014:
became known protofeminists. However, they encountered hostility, as shown by the experiences of Cavendish and of Wroth, whose work was unpublished until the 20th century.
241:
2595:, learned to read and write at the age of about 30, so there would be no mediator for the letters exchanged between her and her husband. Although Margherita defied
2117:
in eras when the feminist concept as such was still unknown. This refers particularly to times before the 20th century, although the precise usage is disputed, as
173:
2648:
was the first to join a humanist gentleman's club, declaring that womanhood was a point of pride and equality of the sexes was essential. Other women including
3077:
praised her: "All women together ought to let flowers fall upon the grave of Aphra Behn... for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds."
163:
2607:
Women who received an education often reached high standards of learning and wrote in defence of women and their rights. An example is the 16th-century
2599:, she became literate not to become a more enlightened person, but to be a better wife by gaining the ability to communicate with her husband directly.
280:
4050:
3053:
provided new chances for women in the arts, which they used to advance their cause. Yet female playwrights encountered similar hostility, including
2944:
In general, though, women who preached or expressed opinions on religion were in danger of being suspected of lunacy or witchcraft, and many, like
2761:
Today, the India Juliana is regarded as an early feminist and a symbol of women's liberation, and her figure is of special interest for Paraguayan
1598:
4445:
1429:
2548:
arguing that women had a right to education, and encouraged and popularized education for women in England in her time as Henry VIII's wife.
2266:
on equality between the sexes, concluded that while men were stronger, it was still possible for women to perform the same duties as men. In
977:
4554:
2698:
Some Protestants no longer saw women as weak and evil sinners, but as worthy companions of men needing education to become capable wives.
4190:
4119:
2097:
263:
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922:
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The invention of the Renaissance woman: the challenge of female independence in the literature and thought of Italy and England
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Juana also advocated for universal education and language rights. Not only did she contribute to the historic discourse of the
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2015:
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228:
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2020:
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253:
233:
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Butler, Colleen (2016). "Queering The Classics: Gender, Genre, and Reception In The Works of Hrotsvit of Gandersheim".
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torture, for and against reputation.... She will, in a word, leave the rough-and-tumble of the forum entirely to men."
398:
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Mary Astell is often described as the first feminist writer, although this ignores the intellectual debt she owed to
2051:
2030:
1965:
1933:
915:
738:
2948:, who was burned at the stake for heresy, died "for their implicit or explicit challenge to the patriarchal order".
695:
1370:
932:
198:
2899:
4541:
208:
153:
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Eileen H. Botting and Sarah L. Houser, "Drawing the Line of Equality: Hannah Mather Crocker on Women's Rights".
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argued against the idea that women should stay silent. The previous year saw publication of an anonymous tract,
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3254:
2526:
2090:
1882:
1537:
1503:
1412:
880:
193:
17:
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4851:
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Lerner, Gerda. "Religion and the creation of feminist consciousness". Harvard Divinity Bulletin November 2002
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1995:
1985:
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1235:
322:
223:
203:
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Hakim, Souad (2002), "Ibn 'ArabĂ®'s Twofold Perception of Woman: Woman as Human Being and Cosmic Principle",
2669:
did. The modern scholar Diana Robin outlined the history of intellectual women as a long and noble lineage.
491:
332:
3366:
Belo, Catarina (2009). "Some Considerations on Averroes' Views Regarding Women and Their Role in Society".
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1975:
1950:
1775:
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994:
987:
268:
218:
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474:
1980:
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1822:
1807:
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1385:
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1245:
937:
510:
100:
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3425:
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3305:
3054:
2575:
2531:
1923:
1510:
798:
95:
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Evelyn Gordon Bodek, "Salonnières and Bluestockings: Educated Obsolescence and Germinating Feminism",
300:
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4016:
3043:
2995:
2441:
At the beginning of the renaissance, women's sole role and social value was held to be reproduction.
2083:
1735:
1515:
952:
756:
702:
4790:""Die Rose der Freyheit": eine radikal-feministische Streitschrift von "Camilla" aus dem Jahre 1693"
4021:
3539:
2656:
and the Cooke sisters gained recognition as scholars by making important translating contributions.
4708:
Angeline Goreau, "Aphra Behn: A scandal to modesty (c. 1640–1689)", in Spender, op. cit., pp. 8–27.
3213:
Elaine Hoffman Baruch, "Women in Men's Utopias", in Ruby Rohrlich and Elaine Hoffman Baruch, eds.,
2798:
2666:
2348:
2249:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1957:
1837:
1633:
1395:
1049:
841:
717:
690:
603:
503:
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3093:
3029:
3007:
2470:
2336:
1842:
1802:
1493:
1486:
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673:
415:
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4861:
4377:
Allatson, Paul (2004). "A Shadowy Sequence: Chicana Textual/Sexual Reinventions of Sor Juana".
2778:
2585:
2566:
2387:, was beheaded by rebels after Katherine Gamen untied the boat he planned on escaping them in.
2279:
2271:
1990:
1650:
1557:
1380:
1341:
1230:
1220:
1196:
1174:
1164:
1139:
1129:
788:
544:
432:
356:
4220:
3343:
3333:
3309:
3299:
4080:
3583:
Frankforter, A. Daniel (February 1979). "Hroswitha of Gandersheim and the Destiny of Women".
3526:
3120:
3085:
3022:
3006:, who depicted women's changing roles and pleaded for their education. In Sweden, women like
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2372:
2122:
2118:
1740:
1700:
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1225:
982:
942:
422:
339:
4051:"Relatos sobre la India Juliana. Entre la construcciĂłn de la memoria y la ficciĂłn histĂłrica"
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between 1538 and 1542. She was one of the many indigenous women who were handed over to the
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2300:
2187:
2163:
1862:
1817:
1787:
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1760:
1608:
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1300:
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863:
836:
576:
410:
135:
125:
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Marie de France has an entry in Virginia Blain, Patricia Clements and Isobel Grundy, eds,
8:
3987:
3140:
3050:
2881:
2541:
2501:
2465:
2368:
2332:
2214:
argued that while men were favored over women as prophets, women were just as capable of
2144:
1680:
1670:
1640:
1628:
1623:
1525:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1119:
1054:
1034:
967:
910:
868:
846:
812:
746:
498:
403:
182:
130:
120:
75:
3684:
2821:
2588:, meant in some ways being male – a perception that limited women's potential as women.
2551:
4587:
4439:
4394:
4307:
4282:
3882:
3749:
3743:
3596:
3383:
3105:
3081:
2987:
2849:
2762:
2661:
2624:
2558:
2530:, at the turn of the 15th century. An notable male advocate of women's superiority was
2517:
2516:
states, "The first time we see a woman take up her pen in defense of her sex" was when
2513:
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2434:
2340:
2312:
2304:
1867:
1857:
1847:
1832:
1827:
1812:
1765:
1745:
1720:
1685:
1675:
1655:
1552:
1434:
1424:
1325:
1079:
905:
771:
653:
366:
327:
80:
3217:, pp. 209, n1, and 211. Plato supporting "child care" so that women could be soldiers.
2375:, for his involvement with the taxes. Ferrour also participated in the looting of the
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4427:
4417:
4355:
4324:
4314:
4286:
4274:
4226:
4160:
4088:
3948:
3938:
3915:
3905:
3857:
3847:
3806:
3780:
3753:
3663:
3630:
3600:
3470:
3406:
3347:
3313:
3070:
3018:
2938:
2853:
2754:
2316:
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2184:
1928:
1792:
1755:
1750:
1730:
1725:
1695:
1660:
1613:
1603:
1567:
1562:
1547:
1542:
1456:
1191:
1184:
1159:
1149:
1134:
999:
972:
858:
817:
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648:
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559:
459:
34:
3387:
2738:
4464:
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4347:
4266:
3592:
3375:
3089:
2930:
2877:
2861:
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2570:
2200:
1877:
1872:
1782:
1710:
1705:
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1618:
1593:
1530:
1402:
1330:
1179:
1064:
1029:
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853:
807:
783:
707:
680:
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486:
479:
469:
449:
393:
376:
317:
70:
3228:
2801:. According to the researcher Silvia Tieffemberg, her revenge "crossed ethnic and
2512:
Yet not all agreed with this negative view of women and the restrictions on them.
4558:
3800:
3657:
3624:
3403:
Banking on Baghdad: Inside Iraq's 7,000 Year History of War, Profit, and Conflict
3011:
2979:
2636:
2545:
2394:
2360:
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2344:
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2073:
1481:
1290:
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1084:
1024:
1004:
962:
900:
822:
712:
658:
616:
554:
549:
515:
427:
381:
2971:, rather than orthodoxy. Religious egalitarianism, such as that embraced by the
2717:
2477:
Unsurprisingly, therefore, most women were barely educated. In a letter to Lady
2430:
4717:
4620:
4491:
4468:
4270:
3124:
3074:
3066:
2999:
2934:
2841:
2786:
2734:
2657:
2649:
2612:
2482:
2384:
2204:
1852:
1295:
1260:
1069:
875:
827:
621:
581:
464:
4819:
A. H. Upman, "English femmes savantes at the end of the seventeenth century",
4845:
4512:
4431:
4328:
4278:
4164:
3952:
3919:
3861:
3604:
3465:
3171:
3112:(Rose of Freedom), whose author denounced male dominance and abuse of women.
3033:
2983:
2922:
2918:
2886:
2730:
2722:
2712:
2688:
2608:
2390:
2352:
1154:
1114:
1019:
761:
724:
349:
344:
4351:
50:
4538:
Persecution and Pluralism: Calvinists and Religious Minorities in Early....
4243:
4105:
3886:
3876:
3799:
Bridenthal, Renate; Koonz, Claudia; Mosher Stuard, Susan (1 January 1987).
3656:
Bridenthal, Renate; Koonz, Claudia; Mosher Stuard, Susan (1 January 1987).
3623:
Bridenthal, Renate; Koonz, Claudia; Mosher Stuard, Susan (1 January 1987).
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2320:
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1169:
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1059:
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766:
685:
663:
564:
439:
312:
3935:
The birth of feminism: woman as intellect in renaissance Italy and England
2917:
give women greater freedom of expression. Noted feminist writers included
2691:
rested on believers' direct interaction with God, the ability to read the
3379:
3097:
3003:
2964:
2951:
2857:
2802:
2770:
2684:
2653:
2631:
2596:
2592:
2581:
2460:
2449:
778:
569:
4398:
4085:
Pensar América desde sus colonias: Textos e imágenes de América colonial
3878:
The Cooke sisters: Education, piety and politics in early modern England
2742:
4733:
3062:
3038:
2991:
2960:
2945:
2687:
was a milestone in the development of women's rights and education. As
2410:
2226:
1335:
1320:
1014:
4414:
Routledge research companion to the works of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
2444:
This gender role defined a woman's main identity and purpose in life.
4390:
4124:
2972:
2968:
2837:
2750:
2453:
2211:
1315:
1310:
388:
4671:
Joan Kinnaird, "Mary Astell: Inspired by ideas" in D. Spender, ed.,
4148:
2933:. This gave prominence to some female ministers and writers such as
2359:
and beheaded by the rebels. Leading the group that executed him was
2343:
in which English women played prominent roles. On 14 June 1381, the
3494:"Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim – The Most Remarkable Women of her Time"
3058:
2746:
2445:
2364:
2259:
2245:
in the presence of men while listening to the recitation of books.
2114:
1089:
957:
520:
42:
4611:, ed. Josephine A. Roberts, ed. Louisiana State University, 1983.
2620:
2399:
2236:
751:
3100:, the first printed publication by a woman appeared in 1694: in
4459:
Delis, Maria (2007). "De la Cruz, Sor Juana Inés (1648–1695)".
4175:
2978:
The 17th century also saw more women writers emerging, such as
2811:
International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
2231:
2125:
are often subsumed into "feminism". The usefulness of the term
2872:
4496:
The weaker vessel: Women's lot in seventeenth century England
2782:
2692:
2283:
2241:
2222:
2158:
2154:
2129:
has been questioned by some modern scholars, as has the term
4257:
Kennett, Frances (May 2003). "Sor Juana and the Guadalupe".
3798:
3655:
3622:
2561:
argued that aristocratic women at least required education.
3096:, who attacked misogyny and promoted women's education. In
2363:, who ordered his execution in response to Sudbury's harsh
2254:
2215:
4507:
Sherrin Marshall-Wyatt, "Women in the Reformation Era" in
3025:
saw them as a "threat to the 'natural' dominance of men".
4342:"The Political Aesthetics of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz",
3116:
2959:
In France and England, feminist ideas were attributes of
4149:"Martina Chapanay y los elementos de feminismo práctico"
3701:
3699:
2852:, but she has also been recognized as a protofeminist,
2602:
4225:(eBook) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos.
4120:"India Juliana protagoniza nuevo libro de historietas"
3049:
Relaxation of social values and secularization in the
2619:(c. 1532–1625) was born into an enlightened family in
4640:, Syracuse: State University of New York, 1985, p. 4.
4412:
Bergmann, Emilie L.; Schlau, Stacey (28 April 2017).
4344:
The Politics and Poetics of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
2890:
after his death. She also wrote two feminist essays:
4584:"British Women's Emancipation Since the Renaissance"
4222:
Nuevo diccionario de estudios de género y feminismos
3696:
3466:"Peasants' Revolt: The time when women took up arms"
4748:
4746:
4191:"Heroica: Remeras con historia y valentĂa femenina"
4306:
3189:European Feminisms, 1700–1950: A Political History
4794:Jahrbuch der Historischen Gesellschaft GraubĂĽnden
3825:Spencer, Anna Garlin and Mitchell Kennerly, eds.
2452:humanists, said that he tolerated his first wife
2448:, a well-known exemplar of the love of wisdom to
4843:
4743:
4081:"La india Juliana: el enemigo dentro de la casa"
4014:
3459:
3457:
3455:
2326:
3770:
3768:
3447:The Feminist Companion to Literature in English
2495:
4411:
4087:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Editorial Biblos.
3967:"The protestant education in the 16th century"
2773:vision. The same has happened in Ecuador with
2507:
2235:in order to transmit religious texts like the
4346:, Routledge, 3 March 2016, pp. 103–109,
3899:
3452:
2840:in the 17th century. She was an illegitimate
2379:by the rebels, stealing a chest of gold. The
2091:
4740:. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1997, p. 4.
4524:K. Thomas, "Women and the Civil War Sects",
4015:Colmán Gutiérrez, Andrés (5 December 2020).
3765:
3191:, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.
2816:
2289:
4509:Becoming visible: Women in European history
4461:Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice
4219:Gamba, Susana B.; Diz, Tania, eds. (2021).
4078:
4049:Schvartzman, Gabriela (19 September 2020).
4048:
3881:(1 ed.). Manchester University Press.
3802:Becoming Visible: Women in European History
3777:Feminism: The Essential Historical Writings
3741:
3682:
3659:Becoming Visible: Women in European History
3626:Becoming Visible: Women in European History
3582:
3554:"Hrotsvitha - Name's Meaning of Hrotsvitha"
3281:Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society
3017:Seventeenth-century France saw the rise of
2873:Nonconformism, protectorate and restoration
2701:
4683:
4681:
4444:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2149:
2098:
2084:
978:African-American women's suffrage movement
4821:Journal of English and Germanic Philology
4074:
4072:
3463:
3272:
2536:The Superior Excellence of Women Over Men
4665:
4540:by Richard Bonney and David J. B. Trim.
4376:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3335:Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World
3301:Daily Life in the Medieval Islamic World
2950:
2880:(1565–1645) edited the third edition of
2820:
2716:
2429:
2425:
2367:. She also ordered the beheading of the
923:Discrimination against transgender women
4678:
4256:
4128:(in Spanish). AsunciĂłn. 31 October 2020
3904:. Pennsylvania State University Press.
3774:
3683:Shakespeare, William (1 January 1898).
3394:
3331:
3297:
3200:Margaret Ferguson, "Feminism in time".
2420:
14:
4844:
4787:
4545:
4515:, eds., Houghton-Mifflin, Boston 1977.
4304:
4188:
4146:
4069:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3726:
3711:
3662:. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 159–160.
3520:
2229:wrote that women could study and earn
4458:
4372:
4370:
4300:
4298:
4296:
4209:
4189:Santos, Natalia (25 September 2021).
4159:(34). Buenos Aires: Arkho Ediciones.
4112:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4001:
3874:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3516:
3514:
3400:
3278:
2741:woman who lived in the newly-founded
2569:, who read Latin and Greek and wrote
2481:of Montefeltro in 1424, the humanist
2113:is a concept that anticipates modern
4796:: 85–174 – via e-periodica.ch.
3932:
3491:
3365:
2906:(On the equality of the two sexes).
2603:Learned women in Early Modern Europe
4689:Feminism: A Very Short Introduction
4638:French Feminism in the 19th Century
4571:French Feminism in the 19th Century
4309:The library: an illustrated history
3832:
3464:Hogenboom, Melissa (14 June 2012).
3405:, John Wiley and Sons, p. 34,
3178:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
2679:Women in the Protestant Reformation
2183:In the first century CE, the Roman
24:
4367:
4293:
4037:
3926:
3893:
3611:
3597:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1979.tb00548.x
3571:
3511:
3061:. The most influential of all was
2921:, Katherine Evans, Sarah Chevers,
2672:
25:
4873:
4808:Sor. Respuesta a Sor Filotea 1691
4778:. NY: Penguin Books, 1989, p. 71.
3805:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 160.
3629:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 167.
3449:(London: Batsford, 1990), p. 741.
3226:
3160:American Political Science Review
2524:(Epistle to the God of Love) and
2381:Chief Justice of the King's Bench
2262:, commenting on Plato's views in
3988:"Women in the Protestant reform"
3844:Feminism and Renaissance studies
3492:Sack, Harald (6 February 2019).
3235:. Translated by Jowett, Benjamin
3176:The Grounding of Modern Feminism
2706:
2194:
2067:
1599:Democratic Republic of the Congo
933:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
49:
4826:
4813:
4800:
4781:
4768:
4755:
4727:
4711:
4702:
4656:
4643:
4630:
4614:
4602:
4576:
4563:
4531:
4518:
4501:
4485:
4452:
4405:
4335:
4250:
4182:
4140:
3980:
3959:
3868:
3829:. NY: Forum Publications, 1912.
3819:
3792:
3735:
3720:
3705:
3676:
3649:
3643:
3546:
3485:
3439:
3418:
3359:
3325:
2867:
4653:3, Spring–Summer 1976, p. 185.
4313:. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub.
4057:(in Spanish). AsunciĂłn: Atycom
4017:"En busca de la India Juliana"
3900:Joseph Benson, Pamela (1992).
3827:The Drama of a Woman of Genius
3779:, Vintage Books, p. xiv,
3291:
3255:"Musonius: The Roman Socrates"
3247:
3220:
3207:
3194:
3181:
3165:
3152:
3115:In the New World, the Mexican
2941:in Quakerism's early decades.
2909:The 17th century saw many new
2527:The Book of the City of Ladies
2031:Women's suffrage organizations
13:
1:
4738:The Secret Life of Aphra Behn
3146:
2990:, Duchess of Newcastle, Lady
2900:François Poullain de la Barre
2892:The Equality of Men and Women
2729:Juliana, better known as the
2405:
2327:Women in the Peasants' Revolt
2167:discusses the role of women:
4662:Claire Moses Goldberg, p. 4.
4079:Tieffemberg, Silvia (2020).
3937:. Harvard University Press.
3933:Ross, Sarah Gwyneth (2009).
3742:de Beauvoir, Simone (1989),
2437:lecturing to a group of men.
2016:Suffragists and suffragettes
1946:American feminist literature
7:
4834:The Gentlewoman's Companion
4691:. Oxford University, 2005 (
4609:The poems of Lady Mary Roth
3846:. Oxford University Press.
3426:"Women in medieval society"
3134:
3129:The Gentlewoman's Companion
2904:De l'Ėgalité des deux sexes
2508:Advocating women's learning
2172:is labour enough for them?
1256:Views on transgender topics
1246:Views on sexual orientation
10:
4878:
4469:10.4135/9781412956215.n245
4463:. SAGE Publications, Inc.
4271:10.1177/096673500301100305
3748:, Vintage Books, pp.
3727:Guazzo, Francesco (1608).
3368:Journal of Islamic Studies
3340:Greenwood Publishing Group
3332:Lindsay, James E. (2005),
3306:Greenwood Publishing Group
3298:Lindsay, James E. (2005),
3080:Major feminist writers in
3055:Catherine Trotter Cockburn
2710:
2676:
2532:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa
2198:
2142:
2138:
3215:Women in Search of Utopia
3202:Modern Language Quarterly
3162:(2006), 100, pp. 265–278.
3044:Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
2834:Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
2827:Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
2817:Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
2807:International Women's Day
2613:Modesta di Pozzo di Forzi
2544:, commissioned a book by
2486:the same letter he wrote,
2290:Christian Medieval Europe
2248:In the 12th century, the
2221:In the 12th century, the
2047:Women's rights by country
953:Female genital mutilation
27:Anticipations of feminism
4763:English Women of Letters
4511:, Renate Bridenthal and
4197:. AsunciĂłn: Editorial RD
4147:Rivara, Lautaro (2019).
3691:The Taming of the Shrew.
2860:, and is connected with
2795:MarĂa Remedios del Valle
2793:; and in Argentina with
2721:Modern depiction of the
2702:Spanish colonial America
2580:successful woman in the
2349:Archbishop of Canterbury
2052:Feminists by nationality
2026:Women's studies journals
2021:Women's rights activists
739:Movements and ideologies
4806:Juana Inés de la Cruz,
4788:Färber, Silvio (2011).
4636:Claire Moses Goldberg,
4627:, London: Penguin 1999.
4569:Claire Goldberg Moses,
4498:. Phoenix, London 1984.
4352:10.4324/9781315554433-6
4305:Murray, Stuart (2009).
3775:Schneir, Miram (1994),
3712:Boguet, Heneri (1603).
3094:Anna Maria van Schurman
3030:Anna Maria van Schurman
3008:Sophia Elisabet Brenner
2667:Jacopo Filippo Tomasini
2576:On Monsieur's Departure
2471:The Taming of the Shrew
2355:, was dragged from the
2150:Ancient Greece and Rome
1440:International relations
301:Intersectional variants
4765:. London, 1863, p. 22.
4025:(in Spanish). AsunciĂłn
3842:Hutson, Lorna (1999).
3729:Compendium maleficarum
3534:Cite journal requires
3102:Glaubens-Rechenschafft
2956:
2836:was a nun in colonial
2830:
2749:, known for killing a
2726:
2522:Épître au Dieu d'Amour
2493:
2438:
2174:
1966:Conservative feminisms
1221:Bicycling and feminism
1197:Women in the workforce
1165:Violence against women
1140:Sexual objectification
1100:Opposition to feminism
357:Vegetarian ecofeminism
4857:Feminism and the arts
3875:Allen, Gemma (2013).
3401:Black, Edwin (2004),
3204:2004/65(1), pp. 7–27.
3121:Juana Ines de la Cruz
3086:Marguerite de Navarre
3023:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
2954:
2925:(a founding Quaker),
2896:The Ladies' Grievance
2824:
2720:
2488:
2433:
2426:Restrictions on women
2169:
2123:19th-century feminism
2119:18th-century feminism
1996:Feminist rhetoricians
1986:Feminist philosophers
1538:Revisionist mythology
1241:Views on prostitution
1226:Criticism of marriage
916:Children's literature
4852:Feminism and history
3689:. American Book Co.
2745:, in early-colonial
2617:Sofonisba Anguissola
2556:Renaissance humanist
2421:European Renaissance
2301:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2188:Gaius Musonius Rufus
1976:Feminist art critics
1951:Feminist comic books
1908:Lists and categories
1587:By continent/country
1418:Pathways perspective
1301:Gender mainstreaming
1236:Views on pornography
1145:Substantive equality
1125:Reproductive justice
1075:Matriarchal religion
928:Diversity (politics)
864:Political lesbianism
174:Other women's rights
4776:A Room of One's Own
4722:A Room of One's Own
4687:Walters, Margaret.
3686:Taming of the shrew
3141:History of feminism
3051:English Restoration
2882:Michel de Montaigne
2850:Querelle des Femmes
2767:feminist historians
2542:Catherine of Aragon
2502:Malleus Maleficarum
2466:William Shakespeare
2369:Lord High Treasurer
2280:Nusaybah bint Ka'ab
2268:Bidayat al-mujtahid
2250:Islamic philosopher
2145:History of feminism
2074:Feminism portal
1981:Feminist economists
1971:Ecofeminist authors
1776:Trinidad and Tobago
1716:Republic of Ireland
1408:Composition studies
1175:Women's empowerment
1130:Sex workers' rights
1055:Feminist capitalism
1035:Internalized sexism
968:Feminism in culture
76:History of feminism
4557:2008-05-06 at the
3380:10.1093/jis/etn061
3106:Hortensia von Moos
3082:continental Europe
3057:, Mary Manley and
2988:Margaret Cavendish
2957:
2955:Burning of witches
2913:sects such as the
2854:religious feminist
2831:
2829:portrayed in 1772.
2727:
2662:Lucrezia Marinella
2518:Christine de Pizan
2514:Simone de Beauvoir
2500:Starting with the
2496:"Witch literature"
2479:Baptista Maletesta
2439:
2435:Christine de Pizan
2385:Sir John Cavendish
2313:Christine de Pizan
2305:Bettisia Gozzadini
1386:Literary criticism
1251:Views on sexuality
938:Effects on society
906:Complementarianism
881:Women's liberation
636:Religious variants
610:trans-exclusionary
328:Radical lesbianism
4752:Janet Todd, p. 2.
4673:Feminist Theories
4478:978-1-4129-1812-1
4423:978-1-317-04164-1
4361:978-1-315-55443-3
4320:978-1-60239-706-4
4259:Feminist Theology
4232:978-987-691-980-7
4094:978-987-691-787-2
3944:978-0-674-03454-9
3471:BBC News Magazine
3110:Rose der Freyheit
3071:Samuel Richardson
2939:Barbara Blaugdone
2898:(1626). In 1673,
2781:; in the central
2779:Tránsito Amaguaña
2755:Spanish colonists
2586:Queen Elizabeth I
2567:Queen Elizabeth I
2337:peasant rebellion
2317:Jadwiga of Poland
2309:Nicola de la Haye
2185:Stoic philosopher
2108:
2107:
2059:
2058:
1578:
1577:
1568:womanist theology
1511:Political ecology
1342:Écriture féminine
1269:
1268:
1160:Triple oppression
1150:Toxic masculinity
1135:Sexual harassment
995:Feminist stripper
973:Feminist movement
529:
528:
460:Africana womanism
291:
290:
16:(Redirected from
4869:
4837:
4832:Hannah Woolley,
4830:
4824:
4817:
4811:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4785:
4779:
4774:Virginia Woolf,
4772:
4766:
4761:Julia Kavanagh,
4759:
4753:
4750:
4741:
4731:
4725:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4700:
4685:
4676:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4654:
4651:Feminist Studies
4647:
4641:
4634:
4628:
4625:Slip-shod Sybils
4618:
4612:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4590:on 26 April 2013
4586:. Archived from
4580:
4574:
4567:
4561:
4549:
4543:
4535:
4529:
4526:Past and Present
4522:
4516:
4505:
4499:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4443:
4435:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4391:10.2307/29741841
4374:
4365:
4364:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4312:
4302:
4291:
4290:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4241:
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4216:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4173:
4171:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4076:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4046:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4012:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3839:
3830:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3796:
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3772:
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3762:
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3724:
3718:
3717:
3709:
3703:
3694:
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3674:
3673:
3653:
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3641:
3640:
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3609:
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3569:
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3489:
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3461:
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3434:
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3398:
3392:
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3363:
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3356:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3259:Classical Wisdom
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3233:classics.mit.edu
3224:
3218:
3211:
3205:
3198:
3192:
3187:Karen M. Offen,
3185:
3179:
3169:
3163:
3156:
3090:Marie de Gournay
2994:, the anonymous
2931:Sarah Blackborow
2878:Marie de Gournay
2862:lesbian feminism
2791:Micaela Bastidas
2775:Dolores Cacuango
2751:Spanish colonist
2646:Cassandra Fedele
2571:occasional poems
2459:Marriage in the
2373:Sir Robert Hales
2333:Peasants' Revolt
2272:Muslim conquests
2201:Islamic feminism
2100:
2093:
2086:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2011:Feminist parties
2006:Muslim feminists
2001:Jewish feminists
1912:
1911:
1893:History of women
1516:Political theory
1284:
1283:
1214:
1213:
1187:
1180:Women-only space
1065:Likeability trap
1030:Invisible labour
948:Female education
757:Anti-pornography
612:
611:
607:
323:Lesbian of color
306:
305:
183:Women's suffrage
159:Muslim countries
154:Women's suffrage
71:Feminist history
64:
63:
53:
30:
29:
21:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4836:, London, 1675.
4831:
4827:
4818:
4814:
4805:
4801:
4786:
4782:
4773:
4769:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4744:
4732:
4728:
4718:Woolf, Virginia
4716:
4712:
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4703:
4686:
4679:
4670:
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4657:
4648:
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4619:
4615:
4607:
4603:
4593:
4591:
4582:
4581:
4577:
4568:
4564:
4559:Wayback Machine
4550:
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3644:
3637:
3621:
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3581:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3558:Name-Doctor.com
3552:
3551:
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3523:
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3490:
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3195:
3186:
3182:
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3157:
3153:
3149:
3137:
3012:Beata Rosenhane
2980:Anne Bradstreet
2875:
2870:
2819:
2803:gender barriers
2715:
2709:
2704:
2681:
2675:
2673:The Reformation
2637:Isotta Nogarola
2605:
2546:Juan Luis Vives
2510:
2498:
2428:
2423:
2408:
2395:Sylvia Federico
2361:Johanna Ferrour
2357:Tower of London
2345:Lord Chancellor
2329:
2297:Marie de France
2292:
2207:
2197:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2104:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2060:
1962:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1808:Northern Cyprus
1588:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1396:Science fiction
1347:
1326:Women's studies
1291:Feminist method
1281:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1185:
1095:Oedipus complex
1085:Men in feminism
1050:Language reform
1025:Ideal womanhood
1005:Gender equality
1000:Formal equality
963:Feminationalism
901:Cognitive labor
895:
887:
886:
885:
842:Post-structural
741:
731:
730:
729:
638:
628:
627:
626:
609:
606:Gender-critical
605:
604:
555:Femonationalism
539:
531:
530:
525:
504:Native American
444:
399:Critical theory
361:
303:
293:
292:
287:
242:Second Republic
170:
140:
107:
81:Women's history
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4875:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4839:
4838:
4825:
4812:
4810:. Madrid, 1700
4799:
4780:
4767:
4754:
4742:
4726:
4724:. 1928, p. 65.
4710:
4701:
4677:
4664:
4655:
4642:
4629:
4621:Germaine Greer
4613:
4601:
4575:
4562:
4544:
4530:
4517:
4500:
4492:Antonia Fraser
4484:
4477:
4451:
4422:
4404:
4366:
4360:
4334:
4319:
4292:
4265:(3): 307–324.
4249:
4231:
4208:
4181:
4155:(in Spanish).
4139:
4111:
4093:
4068:
4036:
4000:
3979:
3958:
3943:
3925:
3910:
3892:
3867:
3852:
3831:
3818:
3811:
3791:
3785:
3764:
3758:
3745:The Second Sex
3734:
3719:
3704:
3695:
3675:
3668:
3648:
3642:
3635:
3610:
3591:(2): 295–314.
3570:
3545:
3536:|journal=
3510:
3484:
3451:
3438:
3417:
3411:
3393:
3358:
3352:
3324:
3318:
3290:
3271:
3246:
3229:"The Republic"
3219:
3206:
3193:
3180:
3164:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3133:
3125:Hannah Woolley
3075:Virginia Woolf
3067:Henry Fielding
3000:Mary Chudleigh
2963:, such as the
2935:Mary Mollineux
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2825:Protofeminist
2818:
2815:
2787:Bartolina Sisa
2735:Christian name
2711:Main article:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2674:
2671:
2658:Moderata Fonte
2650:Margaret Roper
2615:. The painter
2604:
2601:
2509:
2506:
2497:
2494:
2483:Leonardo Bruni
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2407:
2404:
2328:
2325:
2291:
2288:
2205:Women in Islam
2196:
2193:
2151:
2148:
2140:
2137:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1991:Feminist poets
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1961:
1960:
1958:Feminist songs
1955:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1934:by nationality
1926:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1883:United Kingdom
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1494:Existentialism
1491:
1490:
1489:
1487:Justice ethics
1479:
1474:
1469:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1445:Constructivism
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:Areas of study
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1296:Gender studies
1293:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1261:SCUM Manifesto
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1192:Women's rights
1189:
1186:Women's health
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1070:Male privilege
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1039:International
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
991:
990:
985:
980:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
919:
918:
908:
903:
897:
896:
893:
892:
889:
888:
884:
883:
878:
876:Technofeminism
873:
872:
871:
866:
861:
851:
850:
849:
839:
834:
833:
832:
831:
830:
820:
815:
805:
804:
803:
802:
801:
786:
781:
776:
775:
774:
769:
759:
754:
749:
743:
742:
737:
736:
733:
732:
728:
727:
722:
721:
720:
710:
705:
700:
699:
698:
693:
688:
678:
677:
676:
671:
666:
661:
651:
646:
640:
639:
634:
633:
630:
629:
625:
624:
619:
614:
601:
600:
599:
594:
589:
579:
574:
573:
572:
562:
557:
552:
547:
541:
540:
538:Other variants
537:
536:
533:
532:
527:
526:
524:
523:
518:
513:
508:
507:
506:
496:
495:
494:
484:
483:
482:
477:
472:
462:
456:
453:
452:
446:
445:
443:
442:
437:
436:
435:
430:
420:
419:
418:
408:
407:
406:
401:
391:
386:
385:
384:
373:
370:
369:
363:
362:
360:
359:
354:
353:
352:
342:
337:
336:
335:
330:
325:
315:
309:
304:
299:
298:
295:
294:
289:
288:
286:
285:
284:
283:
273:
272:
271:
266:
264:Cayman Islands
259:United Kingdom
256:
251:
250:
249:
244:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
190:
187:
186:
179:
178:
177:
176:
169:
168:
167:
166:
161:
150:
147:
146:
142:
141:
139:
138:
133:
128:
123:
117:
114:
113:
109:
108:
106:
105:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
78:
73:
67:
62:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
18:Proto-feminist
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4874:
4863:
4862:Protofeminism
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4835:
4829:
4822:
4816:
4809:
4803:
4795:
4791:
4784:
4777:
4771:
4764:
4758:
4749:
4747:
4739:
4735:
4730:
4723:
4719:
4714:
4705:
4698:
4697:0-19-280510-X
4694:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4674:
4668:
4659:
4652:
4646:
4639:
4633:
4626:
4622:
4617:
4610:
4605:
4589:
4585:
4579:
4573:, 1984, p. 7.
4572:
4566:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4534:
4527:
4521:
4514:
4513:Claudia Koonz
4510:
4504:
4497:
4493:
4488:
4480:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4455:
4447:
4441:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4373:
4371:
4363:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4338:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4245:
4234:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4215:
4213:
4196:
4192:
4185:
4177:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4143:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4107:
4096:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4073:
4056:
4055:PeriĂłdico E'a
4052:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
3989:
3983:
3968:
3962:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3911:0-271-00812-1
3907:
3903:
3896:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3853:0-19-878244-6
3849:
3845:
3838:
3836:
3828:
3822:
3814:
3812:9780395419502
3808:
3804:
3803:
3795:
3788:
3786:0-679-75381-8
3782:
3778:
3771:
3769:
3761:
3759:0-679-72451-6
3755:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3723:
3715:
3708:
3702:
3700:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3679:
3671:
3669:9780395419502
3665:
3661:
3660:
3652:
3646:
3638:
3636:9780395419502
3632:
3628:
3627:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3585:The Historian
3579:
3577:
3575:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3541:
3528:
3517:
3515:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3448:
3442:
3427:
3421:
3414:
3412:0-471-70895-X
3408:
3404:
3397:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3353:0-313-32270-8
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3328:
3321:
3319:0-313-32270-8
3315:
3311:
3310:196 & 198
3307:
3303:
3302:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3203:
3197:
3190:
3184:
3177:
3173:
3172:Nancy F. Cott
3168:
3161:
3155:
3151:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3034:Bathsua Makin
3031:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2984:Bathsua Makin
2981:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2923:Margaret Fell
2920:
2919:Rachel Speght
2916:
2912:
2911:nonconformist
2907:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2823:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2799:Juana Azurduy
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2731:India Juliana
2724:
2723:India Juliana
2719:
2714:
2713:India Juliana
2707:India Juliana
2699:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2689:Protestantism
2686:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2468:'s 1593 play
2467:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2403:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2391:Bates College
2388:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2353:Simon Sudbury
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2202:
2195:Islamic world
2192:
2189:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2127:protofeminist
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2111:Protofeminism
2101:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2065:
2064:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1888:United States
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1736:Latin America
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1558:Technoscience
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
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2868:17th century
2846:
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2785:region with
2760:
2728:
2697:
2682:
2642:Laura Cereta
2629:
2606:
2597:gender roles
2590:
2574:
2563:Roger Ascham
2550:
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2330:
2321:Laura Cereta
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2264:The Republic
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2177:The Republic
2176:
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2164:The Republic
2162:
2153:
2132:postfeminist
2131:
2126:
2110:
2109:
1838:Saudi Arabia
1634:South Africa
1477:Epistemology
1452:Legal theory
1371:Architecture
1361:Anthropology
1340:
1306:Gynocentrism
1170:War on women
1109:
1105:Pro-feminism
1060:Gender-blind
1010:Gender quota
983:Art movement
752:Anti-fascist
686:Dianic Wicca
565:Postfeminism
440:Xenofeminism
423:Postcolonial
340:Sex-positive
4528:, 1958, 13.
4385:(1): 3–27.
4195:El Nacional
4132:12 December
4100:12 December
4061:12 December
4029:12 December
4022:Ăšltima Hora
3993:27 November
3972:27 November
3887:j.ctvnb7jkv
3431:27 November
3374:(1): 6–15.
3308:, pp.
3239:21 December
3098:Switzerland
3004:Mary Astell
2965:Waldensians
2894:(1622) and
2858:ecofeminist
2771:Eurocentric
2685:Reformation
2654:Mary Basset
2632:Renaissance
2630:The famous
2593:Renaissance
2582:Renaissance
2554:and fellow
2461:Renaissance
2450:Renaissance
1843:South Korea
1823:Philippines
1803:New Zealand
1798:Netherlands
1521:Pornography
1499:Metaphysics
1413:Criminology
1391:Film theory
1366:Archaeology
1045:Women's Day
837:Libertarian
779:Ecofeminism
696:Ecofeminist
577:Reactionary
570:Neofeminism
511:Multiracial
416:Ecofeminist
411:Materialist
254:Switzerland
234:New Zealand
4846:Categories
4823:12 (1913).
4734:Janet Todd
4416:. London.
4238:18 January
4201:16 January
4170:16 January
4153:Analéctica
3563:6 December
3503:6 December
3498:SciHi Blog
3342:, p.
3264:14 October
3147:References
3063:Aphra Behn
3039:Aphra Behn
2992:Mary Wroth
2969:Catharists
2961:heterodoxy
2946:Anne Askew
2733:, was the
2677:See also:
2411:Hrotsvitha
2406:Hrotsvitha
2393:professor
2365:poll taxes
2227:Ibn Asakir
2199:See also:
2143:See also:
2039:Categories
1941:Literature
1651:Bangladesh
1526:Psychology
1472:Empiricism
1467:Aesthetics
1462:Philosophy
1336:Patriarchy
1321:Matriarchy
1041:Girl's Day
1015:Girl power
988:In hip hop
911:Literature
869:Separatist
847:Postmodern
813:Difference
747:Analytical
691:Reclaiming
499:Indigenous
404:Standpoint
333:Separatist
185:by country
4440:cite book
4432:985840432
4329:277203534
4287:144363376
4279:0966-7350
4165:2591-5894
4125:ABC Color
3953:517501929
3920:185669321
3862:476667011
3605:0018-2370
3084:included
2973:Levellers
2838:New Spain
2625:Philip II
2565:educated
2454:Xanthippe
2331:The 1381
2260:Ibn Rushd
2216:sainthood
2212:Ibn Arabi
1929:Feminists
1741:Argentina
1701:Indonesia
1691:Hong Kong
1646:Australia
1553:Sociology
1435:Geography
1425:Economics
1316:Male gaze
1311:Kyriarchy
772:Networked
654:Christian
389:Jineology
377:Anarchist
367:Socialist
247:Francoist
199:Australia
145:Timelines
4675:, p. 29.
4555:Archived
4399:29741841
3731:. Milan.
3716:. Rouen.
3388:55501376
3174:, 1987.
3135:See also
3059:Mary Pix
2809:and the
2747:Paraguay
2743:AsunciĂłn
2609:Venetian
2573:such as
2559:Agricola
2446:Socrates
2258:(judge)
2225:scholar
2218:as men.
2115:feminism
1924:Articles
1863:Thailand
1818:Pakistan
1788:Malaysia
1771:Paraguay
1761:Honduras
1609:Ethiopia
1563:Theology
1548:Sexology
1543:Sex wars
1457:Pedagogy
1210:Outlooks
1090:Misogyny
958:Femicide
943:Equality
894:Concepts
859:Cultural
818:Equality
799:Stiletto
794:Lipstick
718:Orthodox
681:Neopagan
669:Womanist
649:Buddhist
597:Embedded
592:Imperial
587:Carceral
560:Maternal
521:Womanism
209:Colombia
96:Canadian
86:American
43:Feminism
35:a series
33:Part of
4594:7 April
4379:Chasqui
3477:14 June
3227:Plato.
2996:Eugenia
2915:Quakers
2842:Criolla
2739:GuaranĂ
2621:Cremona
2611:author
2584:, like
2400:Suffolk
2341:England
2237:hadiths
2232:ijazahs
2139:History
1878:Ukraine
1873:Vietnam
1783:Lebanon
1681:Germany
1671:Finland
1666:Denmark
1641:Albania
1629:Senegal
1624:Nigeria
1531:Therapy
1504:science
1403:Biology
854:Radical
808:Liberal
784:Eugenic
708:Islamic
644:Atheist
492:Lesbian
487:Chicana
480:Ratchet
475:Lesbian
470:Hip hop
394:Marxist
318:Lesbian
194:Austria
91:British
60:History
4695:
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4176:Zenodo
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3002:, and
2902:wrote
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2856:, and
2520:wrote
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2319:, and
2276:fitnas
1868:Turkey
1858:Taiwan
1848:Sweden
1833:Russia
1828:Poland
1813:Norway
1766:Mexico
1746:Brazil
1721:Israel
1686:Greece
1676:France
1656:Canada
1594:Africa
1482:Ethics
1279:Theory
1120:Racism
823:Social
713:Jewish
659:Mormon
617:Victim
550:Equity
516:Romani
428:Global
281:states
238:Spain
224:Kuwait
204:Canada
136:Fourth
126:Second
101:German
4395:JSTOR
4283:S2CID
3883:JSTOR
3384:S2CID
2783:Andes
2763:women
2737:of a
2693:Bible
2552:Vives
2284:Aisha
2242:'awra
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2159:Plato
2155:Plato
1915:Lists
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1756:Haiti
1751:Chile
1731:Japan
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1080:Media
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674:Asian
622:White
582:State
465:Black
382:Queer
269:Wales
219:Japan
214:India
131:Third
121:First
112:Waves
4693:ISBN
4596:2013
4473:ISBN
4446:link
4428:OCLC
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4315:ISBN
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4161:ISSN
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3995:2018
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