446:, not wanting to send the document for fear the charter would be revoked, temporized, claiming in their July 1634 meeting that the document could only be released by a vote of the colony's General Court. It was not scheduled to meet until September, at which time the matter would be taken up. The General Court refused to consider the issue, and began fortifying Boston Harbour, expecting a military confrontation over the issue. The 1634 launch of a ship intended to carry a force to the colony was unsuccessful, ending the military threat to the colony. The political threats continued, and the charter of the Plymouth Council of New England, issuer of the colony's land grant, was revoked. Furthermore, criminal charges, some of them clearly trumped up, were laid against Cradock and others associated with the Massachusetts Bay Company in 1635. Cradock was acquitted of most of these charges, but was convicted of usurpation of authority and deprived of his ability to act on behalf of the company.
135:
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council to answer these charges. They successfully defended the actions of the colonists, but the
Puritans' opponents succeeded in having ships full of colonists detained from sailing in February 1633/4 until the colonial charter was presented to the council for inspection. Cradock was called upon to provide it; he informed the council that the charter was in the colony, and secured the release of the ships with a promise to have the charter delivered. The colonial council in
1044:
265:, Staffordshire. Although his father was a cleric, his grandfather was a merchant, and other family members were involved in trade. Cradock was twice married. By his first wife Damaris he had a daughter, also named Damaris; by his second wife, Rebeccah, he had three children that apparently did not survive. Rebeccah survived him, but the children are not mentioned in his will.
379:(the surviving colonists from the failed Dorchester Company settlement). Cradock also recommended the colonists work on building ships and other profit-making activities. Later in 1629 another small fleet sailed for the colony; on board, in addition to Puritan settlers, were skilled craftsmen of all types who were engaged in Cradock's businesses.
433:
to freely export provisions to the colony, claiming the colonists were in dire straits due to a shortage of provisions and threats from Native
Americans. He and Governor Winthrop exchanged letters; in one written in 1636 Cradock promised £50 toward the establishment of an institute of higher learning
441:
Actions by the
Massachusetts Bay Colony rulers came into question at the Privy Council in 1633. Several opponents of the Puritans levelled charges that the colony's administrators sought independence from the crown and laws of England; Cradock and other company representatives were called before the
387:
desire to prosecute a war with
Scotland led the company's investors to fear their investment might be at risk. Cradock, at a shareholder meeting in July 1629, suggested that the company transfer its governance to the colony itself, something that was only possible because the charter did not specify
300:
that produced it. He is known to have been owner or part owner of 18 ships between 1627 and 1640, and he was one of a relatively small number of businessmen whose trade encompassed both eastern trade (to India and the Levant) and trade in
European waters. By the end of the 1630s he stood at the
240:
301:
center of one of the largest trading businesses involved in the
Americas. In 1640 Cradock was a member of a group of business men who opposed the conservative royalist leadership of the East India Company, engaging in an unsuccessful attempt to reform the company's directorate.
507:, and declared that the city would not contribute its share of taxes until the garrison was removed. In early May 1641 Cradock brought word to the Parliament reports that the king was planning to send armed troops to seize the Tower of London; this news sparked the
382:
The company, in order to protect its claims, acquired a royal charter in 1629, under which
Cradock was named the colony's governor in London, while Endecott governed in the colony. In that same year, financial instability in the government caused by
388:
where the company's shareholder meetings were to be held. However, some investors (Cradock among them) did not want to emigrate to the colony, so a means to buy out those investors needed to be devised. After negotiating through the summer,
392:
on 29 August 1629. It called for those shareholders who were emigrating to buy out those that remained in
England after seven years; the latter would also receive a share of some of the colony's business activities, including the
292:. Cradock served as a director of the East India Company in 1629–1630 and again from 1634 until his death in 1641. Cradock used his business and personal connections to establish a lucrative trade, shipping New World
174:. Although he never visited the colony, Cradock owned property and businesses there, and he acted on its behalf in London. His business and trading empire encompassed at least 18 ships, and extended from the
428:
Even though he did not travel to the colony, he continued to operate in London on its behalf. In 1629 he worked to recruit sympathetic
Puritan ministers to emigrate. He sought permission from the king's
408:
in 1630, and the fleet carrying the colonists included two of
Cradock's ships, and agents and servants of his who were to see to his commercial interests. Cradock, who took leave of the emigrants at the
455:
2330:
417:, which became a base for business operations funded by Cradock, including the colony's first shipyard. As the colony developed, Cradock's land holdings expanded to include properties in
375:. Cradock wrote to Endecott in early 1629, warning him about the issue, suggesting that he settle colonists in the claimed area and also that he treat well the
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1484:
668:
According to Brenner (p. 77), contemporary documents refer to the directors as "committees", the term used in Beaven to describe Cradock's role in the EIC.
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Interest by London merchants in establishing and managing colonial settlements in North America waned after the 1624 failure of the
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2020:
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337:. Cradock was elected the company's first governor on 13 May 1628. Not long after, the company acquired a grant of land on
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1937:
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The company's land grant was not without problems, because it overlapped a grant that had previously been acquired by
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531:, Lord Mayor of London in 1649 and in 1651–52). There were several children: Andrewes died in 1653. She then married
1805:
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Cradock's business interests included ownerships in trading vessels that would have been similar to this ship, the
31:
511:, in which Cradock played a leading role. He continued to be active in the Parliament, serving on a committee for
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shipping firm. He probably began trading with northwestern Europe, but eventually expanded his business to the
17:
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Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders, 1550–1653
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562:, a close colleague of Ralph Cudworth's. Both were closely associated with Mathew Cradock's nephew,
329:, formed by a group of Puritan religious and business leaders to take over the assets of the failed
1501:
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with a small group of settlers to begin the process of establishing a colony at a place now called
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Damaris, Matthew Cradock's daughter by his first wife, married first Thomas Andrewes, citizen and
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Will of Mathew Cradock (P.C.C. 1641): printed in W.H. Whitmore, 'Notes on the Cradock Family',
503:. In the opening session of the Long Parliament he denounced the king's plan of fortifying the
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Rebeccah Cradock, Matthew's second wife, remarried first to Richard Glover, and lastly to
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in November 1640. He and other London MPs were politically allied to the
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574:. Cudworth, Whichcote and the brothers Cradock had all been students at
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S. Handley, 'Cradock, Samuel (1620/21-1706), nonconformist minister',
515:, until his death, which was apparently quite sudden, on 27 May 1641.
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Brooks, Charles; Whitmore, William Henry; Usher, James M (1885).
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945:
Will of Thomas Andrewes, Leather seller of London (P.C.C. 1653).
558:, another senior figure of the Cambridge Platonists, Provost of
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Nothing is known of Matthew Cradock's early life. He was from a
239:
1156:
History of the Town of Medford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts
443:
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158:; died 27 May 1641) was a London merchant, politician, and the
1314:
American Christian Rulers, Or, Religion and Men of Government
261:, was mayor of Stafford, and built a mansion on the site of
2331:
Members of the Parliament of England for the City of London
1388:, published by The Medford Historical Society, April 1980.
1285:
Whitmore, William Henry; Appleton, William Sumner (1865).
1238:
288:
in 1627, and in 1628 he purchased £2,000 of stock in the
1110:
The Aldermen of the City of London, temp. Henry III–1908
547:. Matthew Cradock's daughter Damaris Cudworth died at
1082:
The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century
861:
Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society
1331:
1113:. London: The Corporation of the City of London.
2282:
1223:A History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1630–1913
956:New England Historical and Genealogical Register
931:New England Historical and Genealogical Register
859:Letters of Mathew Cradock to John Winthrop, see
863:, Series IV Vol. 6 (The Society, Boston 1863),
170:businessmen that organized and established the
1492:
1478:
1178:. Boston: Congregational Publishing Society.
753:Lee, Sidney (1885–1900). "Cradock, Matthew".
333:and make new ventures in the colonisation of
166:. Founded in 1628, it was an organization of
954:W.G. Watkins, 'Notes from English Records',
685:
683:
604:
602:
600:
499:petition calling for radical reforms of the
325:, in 1628 he made a major investment in the
304:
30:For other people named Matthew Cradock, see
2306:Directors of the British East India Company
1382:A Peculiar Plantation: 17th Century Medford
1245:. Medford, MA: Medford Historical Society.
1084:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
655:
653:
1485:
1471:
1204:History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts
643:
641:
226:
201:. He opposed royalist conservatism in the
1262:. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
1242:The Medford Historical Register, Volume 1
680:
597:
54:Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company
1310:
752:
650:
620:
566:(a pupil of Whichcote's), whose brother
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238:
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1125:
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999:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
986:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
975:Will of Damaris Cudworth (P.C.C. 1695).
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14:
2311:Merchants from the British West Indies
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1329:
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1010:Will of Zachary Cradock (P.C.C. 1695).
962:, with reference to the Chancery case
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465:In 1640 Cradock was an auditor of the
193:Cradock was a strong supporter of the
1466:
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1200:
363:succeeded Cradock as governor of the
321:. Cradock was a notable exception; a
313:and the subsequent conversion of the
1226:. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Tribune.
81:Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony
2316:Colonial governors of Massachusetts
1239:Medford Historical Society (1898).
737:
24:
1311:Giddings, Edward Jonathan (1890).
1304:
787:Medford Historical Society, p. 139
617:Medford Historical Society, p. 138
481:, and he was again elected to the
219:. He played a leading role in the
186:. He was a dominant figure in the
25:
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1361:
215:attempts to radically reform the
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1042:
759:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
756:Dictionary of National Biography
469:. In April 1640, he was elected
343:Plymouth Council for New England
268:In 1606 he was an apprentice to
235:Coat of Arms of Matthew Craddock
133:
32:Matthew Cradock (disambiguation)
1407:Parliament suspended since 1629
1380:Carl Seaburg and Alan Seaburg.
1258:Morison, Samuel Eliot (1981) .
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13:
1:
2269:indicate acting officeholders
1338:. New York: Riverhead Books.
1220:Eliot, Samuel Atkins (1913).
1207:. Boston: Estes and Lauriat.
1172:Dexter, Henry Martyn (1876).
1054:
545:Damaris Cudworth, Lady Masham
257:family; a cousin, also named
1368:Charter of Massachusetts Bay
1201:Drake, Samuel Adams (1879).
7:
594:Whitmore and Appleton, p. 5
576:Emmanuel College, Cambridge
541:Christ's College, Cambridge
449:
223:, and died not long after.
10:
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1260:Builders of the Bay Colony
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467:City of London Corporation
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164:Massachusetts Bay Company
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2336:English MPs 1640 (April)
1291:. Boston: J. K. Wiggin.
1159:. Boston: Randy, Avery.
1126:Brenner, Robert (2003).
1080:Bailyn, Bernard (1979).
1027:. 17 May 1884. p. 4
581:
390:an agreement was reached
205:and, as a member of the
172:Massachusetts Bay Colony
1317:. New York: Bromfield.
493:, and he supported the
406:sailed to Massachusetts
227:Early life and business
2296:English businesspeople
1330:Vowell, Sarah (2008).
491:Henry Vane the Younger
462:
460:Henry Vane the Younger
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250:
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2341:English MPs 1640–1648
1396:Parliament of England
1386:Medford on the Mystic
716:Brenner, pp. 310, 375
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284:. Cradock joined the
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234:
1414:Member of Parliament
958:January 1910, LXIV,
911:Brenner, pp. 340–341
677:Brenner, pp. 137–138
537:Cambridge Platonists
509:Protestation of 1641
471:member of parliament
351:Salem, Massachusetts
221:Protestation of 1641
1334:The Wordy Shipmates
823:Brooks et al, p. 43
725:Brenner, pp. 96,103
327:New England Company
195:Parliamentary cause
1878:Governor's Council
1788:Governor's Council
1709:Governor's Council
1697:Governor's Council
1021:"Provosts of Eton"
769:Morison, pp. 35–36
556:Benjamin Whichcote
551:, Essex, in 1695.
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436:Harvard University
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331:Dorchester Company
315:Colony of Virginia
290:East India Company
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203:East India Company
182:to Europe and the
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1460:
1440:Succeeded by
1422:1640–1641
1345:978-1-59448-999-0
1137:978-1-85984-333-8
1130:. London: Verso.
1091:978-0-674-61280-8
1072:978-0-521-40116-6
964:Andrewes v Glover
814:Bailyn, pp. 18–19
501:Church of England
339:Massachusetts Bay
274:Skinners' Company
263:Caverswall Castle
217:Church of England
199:English Civil War
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1867:
1862:
1857:
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1840:
1834:
1832:
1822:
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1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1796:
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1729:
1724:
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1510:
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1498:
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1490:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1447:Samuel Vassall
1441:
1438:
1431:Samuel Vassall
1418:City of London
1410:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1378:
1372:Avalon Project
1363:
1362:External links
1360:
1359:
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1123:
1104:
1090:
1077:
1071:
1056:
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1049:
1037:Newspapers.com
1012:
1003:
990:
977:
968:
947:
938:
922:
920:Beaven, p. 276
913:
904:
895:
886:
877:
868:
852:
843:
834:
832:Morison, p. 75
825:
816:
807:
805:Morison, p. 66
798:
789:
780:
771:
762:
736:
727:
718:
709:
700:
698:Brenner, p. 77
691:
689:Andrews, p. 91
679:
670:
661:
659:Beaven, p. 290
649:
637:
635:Brenner, p. 71
628:
626:Andrews, p. 90
619:
610:
596:
586:
585:
583:
580:
564:Samuel Cradock
539:and Master of
533:Ralph Cudworth
520:
517:
475:City of London
451:
448:
311:London Company
306:
303:
286:Levant Company
228:
225:
160:first governor
150:(also spelled
143:
142:
139:
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26:
18:Mathew Cradock
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
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1998:
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1833:
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1826:Commonwealth
1823:
1817:
1814:
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1809:
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1802:
1801:
1797:
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1507:
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1432:
1428:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:extract from
1383:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
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1355:
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1269:0-930350-22-7
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1191:
1187:
1185:9780790572192
1181:
1177:
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1162:
1158:
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1139:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1045:
1038:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1007:
1000:
994:
987:
981:
972:
965:
961:
957:
951:
942:
936:
933:, IX (1855),
932:
926:
917:
908:
899:
893:Dexter, p. 23
890:
884:Dexter, p. 22
881:
875:Dexter, p. 21
872:
866:
862:
856:
847:
838:
829:
820:
811:
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
758:
757:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
731:
722:
713:
704:
695:
686:
684:
674:
665:
656:
654:
647:Bailyn, p. 17
644:
642:
632:
623:
614:
605:
603:
601:
591:
587:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
525:Leatherseller
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
461:
456:
447:
445:
439:
437:
434:now known as
432:
431:Privy council
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:Isle of Wight
407:
402:
400:
399:John Winthrop
396:
391:
386:
380:
378:
374:
366:
362:
361:John Winthrop
358:
354:
352:
348:
347:John Endecott
344:
340:
336:
335:North America
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
302:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
255:Staffordshire
248:
247:
241:
233:
224:
222:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
180:North America
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
107:
103:
99:
95:
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:John Winthrop
75:
69:
63:
58:
55:
51:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2278:
2266:
2231:
2019:
1942:
1925:
1893:
1876:
1869:
1842:
1829:(since 1776)
1798:
1786:
1779:
1767:
1750:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1695:
1688:
1676:
1425:
1412:
1402:
1385:
1333:
1313:
1287:
1259:
1241:
1222:
1203:
1174:
1155:
1127:
1109:
1081:
1062:
1035:– via
1029:. Retrieved
1024:
1015:
1006:
998:
993:
985:
980:
971:
963:
955:
950:
941:
930:
925:
916:
907:
898:
889:
880:
871:
860:
855:
846:
841:Drake, p. 22
837:
828:
819:
810:
801:
796:Eliot, p. 19
792:
783:
774:
765:
754:
730:
721:
712:
703:
694:
673:
664:
631:
622:
613:
590:
572:Eton College
553:
522:
494:
464:
440:
427:
403:
381:
377:Old Planters
370:
319:Crown colony
308:
267:
252:
244:
210:
192:
155:
151:
147:
146:
72:Succeeded by
61:
36:
2291:1641 deaths
2157:Saltonstall
2015:W. Washburn
1985:E. Washburn
1933:Lincoln Jr.
1895:Lincoln Sr.
1663:(1692–1776)
1631:(1686–1689)
1505:(1629–1686)
935:pp. 123-26.
865:pp. 118-30.
373:John Oldham
345:, and sent
298:West Indies
176:West Indies
115:27 May 1641
2321:Roundheads
2285:Categories
2072:Greenhalge
1811:Hutchinson
1800:Hutchinson
1650:Bradstreet
1609:Bradstreet
1599:Bellingham
1589:Bellingham
1549:Bellingham
1055:References
549:High Laver
423:Marblehead
246:Red Dragon
111:1641-05-27
1944:Armstrong
1715:J. Dudley
1703:J. Dudley
1690:Stoughton
1684:Bellomont
1678:Stoughton
1660:Province
1640:J. Dudley
1628:Dominion
1579:T. Dudley
1564:T. Dudley
1544:T. Dudley
1524:T. Dudley
1455:John Venn
1354:495018738
1146:155910930
1100:257293935
960:pp. 85-87
513:recusants
404:Winthrop
395:fur trade
341:from the
282:Near East
184:Near East
156:Craddocke
130:Signature
124:Roundhead
66:1628–1629
62:In office
2227:Cellucci
2167:Bradford
2122:Coolidge
2062:Brackett
2052:Robinson
1980:Clifford
1975:Boutwell
1889:Sullivan
1781:S. Phips
1769:S. Phips
1672:W. Phips
1604:Leverett
1594:Endecott
1584:Endecott
1574:Endecott
1569:Winthrop
1559:Endecott
1554:Winthrop
1539:Winthrop
1519:Winthrop
1514:Endecott
1194:22986887
1119:19954916
1025:The Star
473:for the
450:Politics
152:Craddock
2267:Italics
2244:Patrick
2217:Dukakis
2207:Dukakis
2202:Sargent
2192:Peabody
2182:Furcolo
2092:Douglas
2077:Wolcott
2067:Russell
2010:Claflin
2005:Bullock
1990:Gardner
1950:Everett
1855:Hancock
1850:Bowdoin
1844:Cushing
1838:Hancock
1806:Bernard
1794:Pownall
1775:Shirley
1763:Shirley
1758:Belcher
1502:Colony
1323:5929456
1297:1437274
1278:7577578
1251:1645742
1232:6876563
1213:3583041
1165:1183559
1031:28 June
568:Zachary
477:in the
419:Ipswich
415:Medford
323:Puritan
317:into a
294:tobacco
272:at the
190:trade.
188:tobacco
168:Puritan
162:of the
100:unknown
2254:Healey
2239:Romney
2177:Herter
2152:Hurley
2147:Curley
2132:Fuller
2117:McCall
2102:Draper
2047:Butler
2037:Talbot
2027:Gaston
2021:Talbot
2000:Andrew
1970:Briggs
1965:Morton
1955:Morton
1927:Morton
1921:Eustis
1916:Brooks
1911:Strong
1884:Strong
1865:Sumner
1752:Tailer
1745:Dummer
1739:Burnet
1733:Dummer
1721:Tailer
1645:Andros
1529:Haynes
1424:With:
1403:Vacant
1352:
1342:
1321:
1295:
1276:
1266:
1249:
1230:
1211:
1192:
1182:
1163:
1144:
1134:
1117:
1098:
1088:
1069:
519:Family
444:Boston
278:London
2249:Baker
2233:Swift
2197:Volpe
2187:Volpe
2172:Dever
2162:Tobin
2137:Allen
2112:Walsh
2097:Guild
2087:Bates
2082:Crane
1995:Banks
1960:Davis
1938:Davis
1906:Gerry
1860:Adams
1727:Shute
582:Notes
2222:Weld
2212:King
2107:Foss
2057:Ames
2042:Long
2032:Rice
1901:Gore
1871:Gill
1816:Gage
1534:Vane
1416:for
1350:OCLC
1340:ISBN
1319:OCLC
1293:OCLC
1274:OCLC
1264:ISBN
1247:OCLC
1228:OCLC
1209:OCLC
1190:OCLC
1180:ISBN
1161:OCLC
1142:OCLC
1132:ISBN
1115:OCLC
1096:OCLC
1086:ISBN
1067:ISBN
1033:2018
458:Sir
421:and
178:and
154:and
105:Died
97:Born
79:(as
2142:Ely
2127:Cox
1374:at
2287::
1348:.
1272:.
1188:.
1140:.
1094:.
1023:.
739:^
682:^
652:^
640:^
599:^
578:.
438:.
425:.
397:.
353:.
1486:e
1479:t
1472:v
1356:.
1325:.
1299:.
1280:.
1253:.
1234:.
1215:.
1196:.
1167:.
1148:.
1121:.
1102:.
1075:.
1039:.
1001:.
988:.
966:.
367:.
249:.
113:)
109:(
83:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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