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421:. Through several more readings, Oba discovered that the drawings "contain references to precise persons, places, and events in Japanese prehistory" as well as provided "info of shapes of buildings, hunting customs, and other aspects of daily life", possibly left for future generations. However, due to a lack of concrete evidence, other researchers have deemed it improbable that the pictures are actually hidden pictographs; it is possible that the pictures are just pictures. Despite the lack of evidence, researchers do believe that the pictures aren’t just casual pictures drawn for the sake of art, that there is some other meaning behind them.
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came from both Korea and China since "bronze resources were not found until the 7th century", thus bronze was considered more precious than iron. In addition, researchers have detected lead traces inside the bells, which was a common characteristic of
Chinese metals. These Yayoi bells vary in height
276:
ranging from 4 inches to 50 inches, approximately 10 cm to 127 cm. In conjunction with the varying height, the styles of the bells also varied greatly. Across several regions, this scattered production continued until a group of bronze-smiths congregated and decided on a standard.
107:
According to
Japanese folklore, dōtaku were used as emergency bells (such as a watch tower’s bell); intended especially in cases of invasion, particularly invaders from the Korean peninsula. When sentinels spotted invaders, they loudly rang the dōtaku as an alarm, so that people could hide
242:. They are often "found buried on isolated hillsides" either ‘singly, pairs, or in large groups" along with various bronze mirrors and weapons. When buried in groups, researchers have speculated that several clans each buried their only
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consists of "a truncated cone shape" with an oval cross-section and "has rows of horizontal bands divided in the center by a vertical row". Arching and extending over the top and the sides of the body is an "elaborate flange filled with
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were "used by the chieftains for small principalities or by villages in public community festivals", it is certain that they belonged to the community as a whole rather than an individual. Some alternate theories include
393:(710 C.E. – 793 C.E.), there was "a magical ritual of sowing seeds in deer blood that was used to speed up the germination of rice plants" because it was believed that "the deer’s life force helped the growth of rice."
357:". It wasn’t until later in the Yayoi era that decorations "with scenes of animals and humans hunting or farming" were used. Along with these depictions, there are also images of the typical Yayoi "
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are still being debated by researchers, but it is certain that they were used for agricultural rituals and rites, as supported by various sources. Researchers suggest that, when not in use,
320:", thus ensuring agricultural fertility for the community; they were also believed to have been used to pray for rain. These beliefs and suggestions are supported by the fact that many
341:, producing gold, heating water for bathing, or related to secret Jewish practices", although these explanations have little support within the mainstream archaeological community.
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190:, they make "muffled tones" or "rattling sounds" when struck, suggesting that they were not meant to be rung. Therefore, any bells from China were imported as ritual objects.
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moulds, in which "designs were carved" in order to create the appearance of raised bronzes on the outer surface. Many of these sandstone moulds were "found in abundance in
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have been studied by researchers in order to decipher their origins, how they were created, their various purposes, and the reasons for the images on the main body.
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and richly decorated. Dotaku were used for about 400 years, between the second century B.C. and the second century C.E. (corresponding to the end of the
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moulds instead of sandstone. This allowed for more detailed work, such as simple line drawings, compared to the smaller and thicker sandstone moulds.
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are thought to be derived from "earlier, smaller Korean examples that adorned horses and other domesticated animals", from
Chinese cattle bells, or
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people, the Yayoi emphasized having large community settlements and the cultivation of rice. Along with these, they learned how to cast
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contain many aspects that resemble
Chinese objects. For example, many early bells had "delicate decorations resemble contemporary
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that can be deciphered through a phonetic reading. For example, a picture of a man shooting a deer can be read as "
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in order to create various metal objects such as weapons, mirrors, and several tools. Among the bronze objects,
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523:"Bell (dotaku) [Japan] (18.68) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"
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131:(400 B.C.E. – 300 C.E.), a great number of technological innovations occurred. Unlike the earlier nomadic
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themselves or their possessions, and to alert warriors to prepare themselves to repel the enemy.
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have significant meanings. According to a researcher named Oba, each picture contains a hidden
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The
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721:"Dotaku (Ritual Bronze Bells) and the Yayoi Period | 京都国立博物館 | Kyoto National Museum"
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There have also been studies as to whether or not the images on the
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Dōtaku (bell-shaped; bronze), Yayoi period, 1st-2nd century A.D.
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Comprehensive
Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan
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Comprehensive
Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan
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These bells were originally made through the use of two-part
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68:. They were richly decorated with patterns representing
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design and projecting spirals". The materials used for
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246:in one area to signify the unity of all the clans.
389:", which is a series of reports comprised in the
111:There is a dotaku museum devoted to the bells in
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599:Gardner's Art through the Ages: A Global History
64:), and were nearly only used as decorations for
316:were buried "in the ground to receive Earth’s
40:
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618:"Japan, Late Yayoi Period / Dōtaku / 100-200"
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381:the most, even though the "Yayoi ate mostly
774:Miller, Roy Andrew (1975-04-01). "Review".
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238:" was in 662 C.E. at a temple located in
754:The Cambridge History of Japan, Volume 1
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656:The Shimane Board of Education (1986).
218:, the Tokai District, Shikoku, and the
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167:. According to several studies, these
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1559:Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers
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1591:Freedom Bell, American Legion
1167:Russian Orthodox bell ringing
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186:do have suspension rings and
56:smelted from relatively thin
1640:Japanese musical instruments
1570:Liberty Bell Memorial Museum
1296:Bells of Notre-Dame de Paris
206:In total, over four hundred
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100:of insect pests that attack
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1505:Saarlouiser Glockengießerei
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776:Journal of Japanese Studies
556:"Two dōtaku (ritual bells)"
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92:were used to pray for good
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1430:Pieter and François Hemony
262:Physically, the body of a
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1630:Japanese art terminology
1500:John and William Rufford
1256:Great Bell of Dhammazedi
685:"History - Yayoi Period"
658:"荒神谷遺跡発掘調査概報 2 銅鐸・銅矛出土地"
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182:, and although several
1580:National Bell Festival
1410:Gillett & Johnston
1306:
1241:Bell of King Seongdeok
1226:List of heaviest bells
1203:Bolognese bell ringing
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903:Bell tower / Campanile
308:Other purposes of the
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203:
202:Distribution of Dōtaku
30:
1585:Ringing organizations
1208:Veronese bell ringing
465:野洲市：歴史民俗博物館（愛称：銅鐸博物館）
257:
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16:Japanese bronze bells
1620:Archaeology of Japan
1475:Glockengießerei Otto
1440:Franciscus Illenfeld
821:at Wikimedia Commons
752:Hall, John Whitney.
119:, in central Japan.
1575:Liberty Bell Museum
1485:Petit & Fritsen
1271:Japanese Peace Bell
1181:Full circle ringing
1162:Ellacombe apparatus
756:. pp. 332–334.
645:. pp. 180–195.
622:www.davidrumsey.com
586:. pp. 170–177.
373:Many depictions of
210:have been found in
1625:Bells (percussion)
1435:Christopher Hodson
560:The British Museum
363:rice being pounded
359:elevated granaries
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76:, among which the
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1338:World Peace Bells
1236:Bell of Good Luck
817:Media related to
725:www.kyohaku.go.jp
687:. 26 October 2012
641:Mizoguchi, Koji.
527:www.metmuseum.org
486:. pp. 22–27.
482:Mason, Penelope.
446:Mirrors in Shinto
385:". According to "
337:being used as "a
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29:, 3rd century
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1635:Yayoi period
1596:
1589:
1557:
1405:Vanden Gheyn
1325:
1308:Petersglocke
1301:Olympic Bell
1281:Liberty Bell
1276:Justice Bell
1251:Freedom Bell
1191:Call changes
1100:Servant bell
1058:
1008:Bicycle bell
898:Bell pattern
888:Bellfounding
779:
775:
753:
733:. Retrieved
729:the original
724:
689:. Retrieved
665:. Retrieved
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625:. Retrieved
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419:Soga Dynasty
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304:Main purpose
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214:, mainly in
207:
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180:cattle farms
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102:paddy fields
89:
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26:
18:
1537:Whitechapel
1513: [
1470:Olsen Nauen
1465:John Murphy
1420:Miles Graye
1371: [
1326:Temple Bell
1291:Mingun Bell
1095:Ship's bell
1076:Jingle bell
1042:Crotal bell
1032:Church bell
948:Strike tone
928:Campanology
913:Bell shrine
908:Bell-ringer
871:terminology
391:Nara period
173:Han Chinese
127:During the
1614:Categories
1527:Hugh Watts
1320:Swan Bells
979:Altar bell
893:Bell-gable
735:2015-09-14
691:2015-09-14
667:2016-09-01
627:2015-09-14
565:2017-01-29
532:2015-09-14
452:References
407:pictograph
377:appear on
318:life force
250:Appearance
1510:Schilling
1450:Marinelli
1415:Grassmayr
1368:Bergholtz
1333:Tsar Bell
1261:Great Tom
1172:Blagovest
1090:Mini-ring
1047:Dead bell
1022:Call bell
1001:Bianzhong
994:Bell tree
958:Zvonnitsa
436:Jōmon Era
383:wild boar
326:waterfowl
286:sandstone
194:Locations
129:Yayoi Era
113:Yasu city
78:dragonfly
62:Yayoi era
1343:Kentucky
1328:(Boston)
1143:Carillon
1139:Chiming
1071:Handbell
1052:Doorbell
1027:Cat bell
989:Babendil
984:Aluphone
883:Bell-cot
425:See also
397:Research
269:sawtooth
188:clappers
94:harvests
51:Japanese
1551:Related
1495:Rudhall
1480:Paccard
1460:Meneely
1455:McShane
1445:Juutila
1246:Big Ben
1155:Canpanò
1037:Cowbell
923:Bourdon
339:sundial
123:History
74:animals
66:rituals
1532:Warner
1522:Taylor
1390:Cockey
1066:Ghanta
1059:Dōtaku
1015:Bonshō
918:Belfry
819:Dotaku
796:132139
794:
431:Bonshō
411:iru ka
403:dotaku
379:dotaku
351:dotaku
335:dotaku
330:dotaku
322:dotaku
314:dotaku
310:dotaku
294:dōtaku
280:Making
273:dōtaku
264:dōtaku
244:dotaku
236:dotaku
230:, and
220:Kansai
208:dotaku
184:dotaku
161:dotaku
155:Origin
149:dotaku
145:dotaku
137:bronze
90:dōtaku
86:spider
70:nature
58:bronze
35:Dōtaku
27:dōtaku
1517:]
1425:Hatch
1375:]
1148:Chime
974:Agogô
967:Types
932:index
862:Bells
792:JSTOR
232:Osaka
224:Kyoto
212:Japan
176:zhong
169:bells
165:Japan
133:Jōmon
115:, in
54:bells
1112:Suzu
1083:Kane
938:Peal
878:Bell
375:deer
369:Deer
298:clay
228:Nara
141:iron
139:and
84:and
72:and
49:are
784:doi
365:".
1616::
1515:de
1373:sv
790:.
778:.
762:^
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226:,
104:.
80:,
43:銅鐸
934:)
930:(
854:e
847:t
840:v
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47:)
39:(
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