Cuban Liberation Army

900:. General Gómez ordered Lieutenant-Colonel José Loreto Cepero to charge any and all enemies he comes across without first asking permission, after the Lieutenant-Colonel asked to be in the forward vanguard. The invading army, led by Gómez, needed as much momentum as possible to reach Pinar del Río, and thus required the annihilation of any obstacles. Furthermore, ammunition was limited, so prolonged firefights were not an option. Lieutenant-Colonel José Loreto Cepero came across a skirmish between local patriots and Spanish troops, but instead of charging like he was ordered to, he dismounted his men, took up guerilla formations, and joined the shootout. This removed the element of surprise and allowed the Spanish to reorganize and give fierce fire. General Antonio Maceo, upon hearing the shooting, gave the order to charge, but was stopped by a barbed wire fence. The fence was removed with assistance from the Céspedes Infantry Regiment. Máximo Gómez and Serafín Sánchez were the next to charge in. The Spanish infantry was terrorized and panicked, they were unable to properly defend against the Cuban cavalry, leading to the 300 casualties inflicted on the approximately 2,500 strong force. It should be noted, however, that the machete charge was extremely circumstantial by the time of the War of 1895. Maceo's tactic of cavalry feints was more popular at this time. 918:

controlled by a prefect, a member of the Cuban civil government. These prefectures were hidden such that the Spanish Army and local guerillas were unable to find them. Sometimes, even the Cuban forces who operated in the zone didn't know the exact location. These prefectures were able to have workshops dedicated to the production of important items, such as socks, clothing, saddles, sheathes, machetes, straps, and other things. They were also able to repair minor damage on rifles, revolvers, and machetes. Furthermore, brass casings, collected after combats if possible, would be reloaded with gunpowder and projectiles. The prefectures also included garden wherein fruits and vegetables were grown to supplement the diets of the soldiers, along with honey and meat. It was the prefect's job to deliver the products of the prefecture to the military chiefs and their units.

786:, the guerilla cells formed by Major-General Máximo Gómez were able to inflict an average of 40 daily casualties upon Spanish forces. One of the tactics used to achieve this was the shooting of Spanish camps from safe and hidden positions. Although these actions seldom resulted in bullet injuries or deaths among the Spanish troops, it deprived them of sleep, weakening them both in physical battle and in battle against disease and the elements. Major-General Antonio Maceo also made heavy use of infantry in his operations in Oriente and Pinar del Río. Due to the mountainous terrain these areas, cavalry forces were relegated to a support role for the infantry. By presenting the threat of a cavalry charge, the Spanish formation is forced to form square, providing the perfect target for infantry riflemen and cavalry 814: 678: 496: 121: 720:, would have owned a sword either to display their status or to use in duels. The more common sidearm, however, was the machete. Many different types were used, and each soldier used whichever he could get. At first, this meant the machetes used in the sugarcane fields to harvest the cane, but with time, other options would be made available. Workshops operated by the Liberation Army had the capability of producing machetes with blades that were specialized for combat. The preferred machete blade shape was single-edged and long, they also often had 287: 790:. Infantry were trained in the most elemental and essential skills for a soldier to possess. Often, training would be conducted by Spanish sergeants or corporals who joined the Cubans. The infantry were taught to stand in line formation to build unit cohesion, and they were taught to march in column for a similar purpose. It should be noted, however, that the column was used on campaign whenever the Cubans needed solid power to move through enemy territory or if they were protecting something. The 1939: 299: 183: 22: 773:

land of the members of the army, and thus would have granted an advantage. Furthermore, the Cuban soldiers were naturally immune to many of the diseases that the Spanish weren't. Most of the Spanish casualties from all three wars were from disease, but that's not to discount the tactics and strategies of the Liberation Army's leadership, who were effective at planning and executing many combative actions.

63: 810:, which was one of the reasons he was hired by the Revolutionary Junta to help with the insurrection in Cuba. He was unfamiliar with and didn't understand the need for the guerrilla tactics used by the Liberation Army, and thus conducted his battles in traditional manner. He resigned in 1870 due to lack of supplies which would be needed to continue conducting the war using his methods. 861:. By splitting off into various maneuver groups, Spanish square formations could be disorganized or undone. This leaves the Spanish infantry open for a decisive charge after the various groups join once again. So effective was "The Major's Cavalry" that there was a small window of time between 1871 and 1873 where the Spanish only controlled four villages in all of Camagüey. 756:. After firing one volley of rifle fire from concealed positions, 40 infantrymen wielding machetes came down upon the Spanish soldiers. The shock and terror within the Spanish ranks was such that 233 casualties were sustained before the routing of the unit. Gómez, having served in both the Dominican and Spanish armies, would have seen similar charges in the 868:. Thirty-five riders, including Ignacio Agramonte and Henry Reeve, charged against 120 Spanish light cavalry. The objective was to rescue Brigadier Julio Sanguily, who was captured by the Spanish horsemen. Without losing any men, they inflicted 11 mortal casualties, rescued Brigadier Sanguily and five other prisoners, and captured dozens of 909:

used at short range against infantry, one of them causing five casualties and routing the enemy. Leather guns were produced in very limited numbers and were more intended as a psychological weapon rather than a physically effective one. In the War of Independence, Calixto García used Spanish Krupp guns to assault fortifications and towns.

744:, the mayor organized Free Black and Mulatto Militias to face the British in conjunction with the regular army. When muskets ran out, the militias took up machetes. Early on, the militias were able to capture and kill a number of British soldiers and officers, but the siege was lost when reinforcements from the 621:

Besides local supplies and personal collections of guns that the insurgents might have owned, more weapons would be required to carry out successful military operations against the Spanish Army, one of the most powerful at the time. There were two main methods of acquiring firearms: armed expeditions

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In the Ten Years' War, Carlos Roloff made use of rudimentary leather guns in the first few military actions after the uprising of Las Villas. Similarly, on the 13th of June, 1870, Captain Francisco Valladares commanded a battle which included the employment of leather guns. In the battle, these were

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Máximo Gómez had a preference for using cavalry both in the Ten Years' War and in the War of Independence. One trick used by the cavalry was to ride up in view of Spanish columns, forcing them to deploy into battle formation, and then leave without presenting any combat. This left the Spanish troops

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The Liberation Army equipped itself with a wide range of weapons for its operations. There were always issues with standardization and equipment shortages, especially in the beginning of the Ten Years' War and all throughout the Little War. There were many methods of acquiring weapons. Many of those

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It was the responsibility of the Medical Corps to establish field hospitals when circumstances permitted it. In order to attract students and practitioners of medicine, military ranks would be granted. Field hospitals were typically located near prefectures, where they could easily acquire supplies

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Colonels wear three gold stars on their patch, lieutenant-colonels, two, and commanders, one. Captains are designated similarly to colonels, but their stars are white rather than gold. Lieutenants have two white stars, and sublieutenants have one. First sergeants were designated similarly, but with

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The common dress uniform was a white or khaki drill tunic and trousers. The tunics would have folded collars, metal buttons, and pockets either on the breast or skirt. Upon the uniform, the men would wear any necessary accouterments and equipment, such as sheathes for machetes, pouches for bullets,

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The Liberation Army would reach its highest count of active members in the Spanish-American War, when an imminent Cuban-American victory caused hitherto anti-independence elites to join the Liberation Army. These recruits were nicknamed "Sunflowers" because they "point to where the sun is shining".

708:, which may have had a bronze or wooden barrel, which is then wrapped in leather. These were muzzleloaded, and had high risks of self destruction, especially after four shots. Carlos Roloff used these rudimentary cannons and 300 men to defeat a Spanish force of 700 at San Gil on February 19, 1869. 539:

Officers had distinctive insignia on their uniforms to identify their rank. Major-Generals, including the general-in-chief and lieutenant-general, wore three gold five-pointed stars on their collars. Divisional generals, which only became its own rank after the Little War, wore two such stars, and

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Due to its nature as a generally poorly equipped and vastly outnumbered force, the Liberation Army had to depend on their strategies to win them victories. Such strategies did not purely rely on the force of arms, but also on the terrain, weather, and tropical diseases. The terrain was the native

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was heavily involved in expeditions during the 1895 war. He was an expert of bookkeeping, organization, and deception, which allowed him to fool Spanish spies and American officials who attempted to arrest him and confiscate his expeditions. On one such expedition, which landed in Tayabacoa, Las

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The Liberation Army had many different ways of obtaining necessary supplies. Expeditions from outside of Cuba brought not only guns and men, but also backpacks, uniforms, and medicine. One important aspect of the insurgent supply chain was the prefecture. Prefectures were small towns or areas

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in 1896, the forces of the Liberation Army were organized into six corps with fourteen divisions, thirty-four brigades, and eighty-four regiments. Of these regiments, thirty-four were cavalry and fifty were infantry and other units. A lot of the first organization efforts in the last War of

849:, who himself made extensive use of cavalry, and organized his horsemen into some of the most famous cavalry in Cuba between the years 1871 and 1873. He also used information presented at historical and military lectures to inform his organizational decisions. The men were organized into 781:

The infantry of the Cuban Liberation Army fought in open order, generally negating the effect of Spanish artillery fire. Infantry units engaged in surprise attacks and ambushes and moved around extremely quickly, only coalescing into larger bodies of men when it was necessary. In the

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The Third Corps of the Liberation Army was created during the Ten Years' War, and once again in 1895. It continued its operations until 1899, with the province of Puerto Príncipe as its base of operations. At the conclusion of the Necessary War it was organized as follows:

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In 1895, there was a widespread rumor that the soldiers of the Liberation Army all wore nose rings. However, a fifteen-year-old plantation worker from Havana province went to see for himself, and returned with a definitive answer: the soldiers did not wear nose rings.

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for the injured and sick. If medicine ran out, the medical staff could resort to herbal remedies grown in the prefecture. Unfortunately for hospital staff and injured soldiers, hospitals were a prime target for local guerillas who were working for the Spanish army.

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At the beginning of the War of Independence, several large corps were created, which had an increased military deployment capacity when compared to previous wars. One of these corps was the Fourth Corps of the Liberation Army, which had its headquarters in

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are prime examples of column formation being used by Cuban forces. Changing from a marching formation into guerilla deployment rapidly was taught as well. Furthermore, several shooting positions were taught, such as 'knee on the ground' and 'on your feet'.

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which smuggled weapons into Cuba, or attacking Spanish columns, camps, trains and armories to steal guns and ammunition. Several expeditions were funded by organizations in the United States, such as the Revolutionary Junta in the Ten Years' War and the

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and First US Volunteer Engineers. The Model No. 323 was especially made by Collins to circumvent Spanish weapon import bans. The machete used by Antonio Maceo was 73 centimeters long. Máximo Gómez's was 86. Most impressive, however, was the machete of

697:. The Remington was still in use with Volunteer units, which were typically Cuban Loyalists who fought for Spain, but could also be Basques who were born in regions which were not obligated by Spanish law to provide regiments to the crown. 853:, units smaller than regiments, which were stationed in a particular respective area. When necessary, a messenger could summon the maniple to assist in combat elsewhere. Agramonte, nicknamed "The Major" by his American subordinate officer 503:

The Cuban Liberation Army did not have a widespread or universal uniform, especially when they first began their operations. However, by 1895, most officers and some soldiers (especially those from expeditionary units who deployed to

462:. The independentists were decentralized and operated within their own regions autonomously of each other, until the Assembly of Guáimaro established the Republic-in-Arms of Cuba and the Liberation Army's command structure. After the 1319:

The Second Corps was created during the Ten Years' War, and once again in 1895. It continued its operations until 1899. Its base of operations was in Santiago de Cuba. By the end of the War of 1895, it was organized like this:

693:. The Liberation Army would often raid for and capture these rifles and their ammunition for their own use. The same was done in the War of Independence, when the standard-issue rifle of the Spanish Army was the 543:

Officers ranked lower than brigadier will wear a cloth patch backing on their machete sheath's sling, a tab on their shirt, or anywhere else visible. The color of the patch determines service branch. Blue means

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One of the most depicted branches of service of the Liberation Army in media is the cavalry. The cavalry was responsible for several tasks throughout the wars fought by the Liberation Army. Before the

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In terms of artillery, cannons purchased in the United States were available in minuscule numbers. More common was the taking of Spanish cannons. In the War of 1895, the Spanish were by then using the

516:) had a uniform of some sort. Common among all soldiers were straw hats, which were necessary for protection against the hot Cuban sun. Some of these hats had the front folded upwards, upon which the 838:. Besides scouting and skirmishing, cavalry was also used in charges and in pursuing routed enemies. Soldiers of the cavalry used both firearms, such as carbines and revolvers, as well as machetes. 1072:

Carlos Roloff Mialofsky, major-general, secretary of war and military scribe (1897), founder and director of the Practical-Theoretical Academy for the Manufacture and Use of Explosives (1897-1898)

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In the first days of August 1895, the Fourth Corps would be organized to operate against the Spanish. Major-General Carlos Roloff was the head of the corps with the following organization:

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It was also important to raid Spanish-held towns, convoys, and fortifications. These attacks could bring back important materials such as medicine and food, besides, of course, weapons.

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for hunting or other activities before the ownership of firearms and importation of weapons was banned in Cuba. Aristocratic creoles or gentlemen who joined the army might have owned a

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The First Corps was created during the Ten Years' War, and once again in 1895. It continued its operations until 1899. By the end of the War of 1895, it was organized like this:

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Villas, on July 24 of 1895 at 9:30 PM, carried 150 men, 300 rifles, 300,000 rounds of ammunition, and several pounds of dynamite. Popular rifles to smuggle included the Enfield,

1046:, also called the Necessary War by José Martí, saw the return of many important military officers and the recruitment of others which would earn their reputations in battle. 2379: 752:, would attempt slave revolts in the early 1800s, none of which succeeded. On October 25, 1868, then-sergeant Máximo Gómez prepared an ambush as part of the 865: 716:

Due to the general lack of firearms and ammunition, close-range weapons were needed to make up the difference. Indeed, some aristocratic individuals, like

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After the completion of the Invasion from East to West, the Liberation Army was reorganized to include the Sixth Corps, which operated in the province of

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barely lasted a year. One of the main issues was that there was a severe lack of competent officers, as most had been exiled after the Ten Years' War.

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lead the Army of Liberation in another attempt at independence and the abolition of slavery, though unsuccessfully. Finally, during the

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Following the invasion of the west by Cuban forces, the Liberation Army was reorganized to include the Fifth Corps, which operated in

728:, were particularly popular with the insurgents, who purchased many models. The No. 22 was used by Cuban cavalry and, eventually, the 938:

Many important officers of the Liberation Army in later years, such as Máximo Gómez and Antonio Maceo, saw their first action in the

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to bring with them, and might have also had some training in fencing. The iconic weapon of the Liberation Army, however, was the

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The clothing of the Cuban soldier was made of light, breathable fabrics. This was to help withstand the tropical heat.

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horizontal bars instead of stars, which they had three of. Second sergeants had two bars, and corporals had one.

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was made General-in-Chief of the Liberation Army after the deposition of Manuel de Quesada. He graduated from the

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arrived. It's been the weapon of the many slave rebellions both in Cuba and elsewhere. Cuban slaves, inspired by

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Cavalry forces were a powerful element of the Liberation Army, and were instrumental in some famous battles.

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is known for his cavalry force, which operated in Camagüey. He learned the tactical use of machetes from

982: 630: 41: 1043: 857:, trained his men to be extremely maneuverable, being able to rapidly respond to orders given by the 761: 483: 479: 394: 1947: 973:, Major-General, Chief of Staff, and acting Chief of the Las Villas Division (1869-1875) and (1876) 795: 400: 129: 80: 312: 1093: 998: 976: 896:"disconcerted, insecure, and confused". He also directed cavalry charges, such as the one at the 850: 803: 753: 638: 204: 988: 667: 655: 651: 475: 200: 146: 964: 854: 725: 438:

army which was formed in the last third of the 19th century and fought for independence from

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for the combatants of the Liberation Army, but not everyone was able to get a pair. Straw

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The flag that the combatants of the Cuban Liberation Army carried with them into battle

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Antonio Maceo, major-general and lieutenant-general of the Liberation Army (1895–1896)

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for hand protection. Machetes made by Collins & Co., a machete manufacturer from

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Máximo Gómez, major-general and general-in-chief of the Liberation Army (1895–1898)

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During the Ten Years' War, the standard-issue rifle for the Spanish Army was the

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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of

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Alphabetical Index and Deaths of the Liberation Army, Carlos Roloff Mialofsky

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Perhaps one of the most famous cavalry charges of the Ten Years' War was the

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and other supplies. In terms of footwear, military cobblers were producing

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Mambí officer holding a machete and wearing a holster for a pistol.

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Carlos Manuel Perfecto del Carmen de Céspedes y López del Castillo

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Unassigned Officers (Chiefs, surplus officers and their Escorts)

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Indice alfabético y defunciones del Ejército Libertador de Cuba

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Headquarters of the Army (Headquarters of the General-in-Chief)

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The Liberation Army's high command was structured as such:

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Machetes have been in combat in Cuba since 1762. When the

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Military units and formations of the Spanish–American War

2118:"Major General Carlos Roloff Mialofsky: The Polish Mambí" 2469:(4th ed.). New York: B. F. Buck & Company, Inc. 2358:(in Spanish). Madrid: Ediciones Encuentro. p. 62. 1134:

Government Council, Master Headquarters and Assistants

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who would go on to become insurgents may have owned a

2178:(in Spanish). MILITARÍA, Revista de Cultura Militar. 2086:

The Spanish-American War and Philippine Insurrection

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Division Headquarters (Headquarters of the Division)

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Division Headquarters (Headquarters of the Division)

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were also acquired for officers and cavalry forces.

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Cuban soldiers of the Sixth Corps in Pinar del Río.

1577:Brigade Headquarters (Headquarters of the Brigade) 1554:Brigade Headquarters (Headquarters of the Brigade) 1521:Brigade Headquarters (Headquarters of the Brigade) 2173: 2512: 2479: 1548:Division Headquarters (Military Administration) 1515:Division Headquarters (Military Administration) 2176:La artillería rudimentaria en la Guerra de Cuba 1154:Expeditionary Corps (Department of Expeditions) 568:, black means judiciary corps, and white means 2353: 2286:Dos ejércitos en lucha: Tácticas y estructuras 1498:Corps Headquarters (Headquarters of the Corps) 1503:Corps Headquarters (Military Administration) 429: 268: 2288:(in Spanish). Instituto de Historia de Cuba. 2249:"EL MACHETE MAMBI, PRINCIPAL ARMA DE GUERRA" 1099:Rosa Castellanos, head of military hospitals 928: 1783:Dr. Fermín Valdés Domínguez's Medical Corps 50:Learn how and when to remove these messages 2223:. The University of North Carolina Press. 2083: 967:, Lieutenant (1869), Brigadier (1873-1876) 297: 285: 2283: 2246: 2115: 1545:Division Headquarters (Coastal Vigilance) 1512:Division Headquarters (Coastal Vigilance) 633:led 71 expeditionaries in bringing 2,540 616: 245:Learn how and when to remove this message 227:Learn how and when to remove this message 165:Learn how and when to remove this message 103:Learn how and when to remove this message 2407:"The Machete and the Liberation of Cuba" 1937: 1118:Independence were undertaken by General 812: 676: 494: 128:This article includes a list of general 2464: 2449: 2188: 1917:Mayía's Sharpshooters Infantry Regiment 1914:Maceo's Sharpshooters Infantry Regiment 767: 629:On the 22th of December, 1868, General 2513: 2043: 2013:José María Rodríguez Infantry Regiment 1037: 2445: 2443: 2349: 2347: 2327: 834:and his vanguard harassed by mounted 490: 2404: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2242: 2240: 2218: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2169: 2167: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2039: 2037: 2035: 1980:Villareño Invasion Infantry Regiment 1889:Alejandro Rodríguez Cavalry Regiment 1880:Adolfo del Castillo Cavalry Regiment 1732:Second Brigade (Zone of operations: 1655:Second Brigade (Zone of operations: 176: 114: 56: 15: 1756:Third Brigade (Zone of operations: 1748:Voltiger Squadron Guerilla Regiment 1711:First Brigade (Zone of operations: 1685:Third Brigade (Zone of operations: 1616:First Brigade (Zone of operations: 1104:Organization during the War of 1895 737:, which was 130 centimeters long. 735:José Guillermo "Guillermón" Moncada 536:and bare-footedness were common. 13: 2440: 2344: 2174:Sarmiento Ramírez, Ismael (2001). 1772:General Carrillo Infantry Regiment 1182:Headquarters of the Department of 1174:Headquarters of the Department of 792:Invasion of the West of the Island 134:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 2537: 2499: 2480:Roloff Mialofsky, Carlos (1901). 2465:Johnson, Willis Fletcher (1920). 2450:Johnson, Willis Fletcher (1920). 2266: 2237: 2207: 2164: 2102: 2088:. Osprey Publishing. p. 39. 2062: 2032: 1886:Francisco Gómez Infantry Regiment 1698:Second Trinidad Infantry Regiment 1674:Remedios Ranger Infantry Regiment 1569:Oscar Primelles Infantry Regiment 1057:(1892–1895), Major-General (1895) 933: 711: 450:(1868–1878) under the command of 31:This article has multiple issues. 1923:Calixto García Infantry Regiment 1695:First Trinidad Infantry Regiment 1644:Sancti Spirítus Cavalry Regiment 1096:, divisional general (1895-1898) 1090:, divisional general (1897-1898) 181: 119: 61: 20: 2473: 2458: 2414:The Journal of Military History 2398: 2372: 2321: 2016:Vidal Ducasse Infantry Regiment 1595: 1314: 1125: 39:or discuss these issues on the 2328:Evans, Clement Anselm (1899). 2292: 2182: 2084:de Quesada, Alejandro (2012). 1933: 1883:General Mayía Cavalry Regiment 1833:Estrada Palma Cavalry Regiment 1787: 1488: 1189: 808:Military Academy of West Point 466:, a brief uprising called the 1: 2386:(in Spanish). 13 October 2023 2356:Las guerras de España en Cuba 2354:Navarro García, Luis (1998). 2193:. Center for Basque Studies. 2026: 1281:Cauto Abajo Infantry Regiment 1014: 758:Dominican War of Independence 446:. It first saw combat in the 424:), colloquially known as the 2405:Tone, John Lawrence (1998). 2330:Confederate Military History 2219:Tone, John Lawrence (2006). 1999:Pedro Díaz Infantry Regiment 1800:. It contained these units: 1745:Yaguaramas Infantry Regiment 1727:Villa Clara Cavalry Regiment 1610:Maine Expeditionary Regiment 1386:Santa Rita Infantry Regiment 1227:Guantánamo Infantry Regiment 1001:), Major-General (1868-1878) 912: 903: 484:Spanish colonial government. 7: 2116:Fernández, José B. (2012). 1950:. It was organized thusly: 1751:Cienfuegos Cavalry Regiment 1677:Remedios Artillery Regiment 1635:Atollaosa Infantry Regiment 1583:Aranguren Infantry Regiment 1441:Federación Cavalry Regiment 1339:Manzanillo Cavalry Regiment 1084:, major-general (1895-1896) 1053:, general secretary of the 991:, Major-General (1877-1878) 802:Former Confederate general 776: 641:, half a million rounds of 422:Ejército Libertador de Cuba 270:Ejército Libertador de Cuba 207:the claims made and adding 10: 2542: 1969:Aguilera Infantry Regiment 1954:Headquarters of the Corps 1903:Goicuria Infantry Regiment 1850:Betances Infantry Regiment 1847:Matanzas Infantry Regiment 1836:Manjuari Infantry Regiment 1819:Cárdenas Infantry Regiment 1804:Headquarters of the Corps 1721:Libertad Infantry Regiment 1604:Headquarters of the Corps 1566:Agramonte Cavalry Regiment 1560:Dynamite Guerilla Regiment 1400:Céspedes Infantry Regiment 1324:Headquarters of the Corps 1115:Invasion from East to West 983:Manuel de Quesada y Loynaz 953:Ignacio Agramonte y Loynaz 821: 583: 257:Cuban army of independence 2046:Cuba: An American History 1900:Goicuria Cavalry Regiment 1671:Victoria Cavalry Regiment 1632:Castillo Cavalry Regiment 1626:Honorato Cavalry Regiment 1530:Jacinto Infantry Regiment 1524:Camagüey Cavalry Regiment 1476:Oriente Infantry Regiment 1462:Holguín Infantry Regiment 1380:Jiguani Infantry Regiment 1345:Surplus Infantry Regiment 1301:Cambute Infantry Regiment 1290:Santiago Cavalry Regiment 1264:Baconao Infantry Regiment 1207:Baracoa Infantry Regiment 929:Notable Military Officers 624:Cuban Revolutionary Party 452:Carlos Manuel de Céspedes 375: 370: 362: 357: 335: 327: 319: 305:Carlos Manuel de Céspedes 296: 284: 267: 262: 2521:Military history of Cuba 2284:Díaz Martínez, Yolanda. 2247:Redacción (2021-05-24). 2221:War and Genocide in Cuba 2002:Roloff Infantry Regiment 1869:Havana Infantry Regiment 1680:Platero Cavalry Regiment 1607:Beloso Guerilla Regiment 1527:Eduardo Cavalry Regiment 1473:Tacajo Infantry Regiment 1453:Divisional Headquarters 1427:Ocujal Infantry Regiment 1415:Divisional Headquarters 1403:Bayamo Infantry Regiment 1371:Divisional Headquarters 1359:Vicana Infantry Regiment 1330:Divisional Headquarters 1255:Divisional Headquarters 1241:Mayarí Infantry Regiment 1201:Divisional Headquarters 796:Battle of Ceja del Negro 2384:Cuban Studies Institute 2189:Branton, Aritz (2016). 2122:Polish American Studies 1983:Gómez Infantry Regiment 1966:Maceo Infantry Regiment 1920:Palos Infantry Regiment 1866:Havana Cavalry Regiment 1807:Civil Governor's Escort 1766:Torres Cavalry Regiment 1742:Gómez Infantry Regiment 1708:Divisional Headquarters 1563:Gómez Infantry Regiment 1557:Caonao Cavalry Regiment 1438:Tunas Infantry Regiment 1424:Martí Infantry Regiment 1389:Patria Cavalry Regiment 1383:Baire Infantry Regiment 1238:Sagua Infantry Regiment 1210:Maisí Infantry Regiment 1122:on December 3, 1895. 971:Carlos Roloff Mialofsky 754:Battle of Pino de Baire 687:Remington Rolling Block 149:more precise citations. 1943: 1822:Colón Cavalry Regiment 1769:Robau Cavalry Regiment 1724:Zayas Cavalry Regiment 1629:Martí Cavalry Regiment 1580:Zayas Cavalry Regiment 1342:Yara Infantry Regiment 1304:Cuba Infantry Regiment 1007:, Captain and head of 818: 784:Campaign of La Reforma 682: 617:Firearms and Artillery 500: 430: 421: 269: 1941: 1356:Gua Infantry Regiment 816: 742:British sieged Havana 726:Hartford, Connecticut 680: 626:in the War of 1895. 498: 414:Cuban Liberation Army 263:Cuban Liberation Army 2304:www.virtualology.com 2044:Ferrer, Ada (2022). 2010:Brigade Headquarters 1996:Brigade Headquarters 1977:Brigade Headquarters 1963:Brigade Headquarters 1911:Brigade Headquarters 1897:Brigade Headquarters 1877:Brigade Headquarters 1863:Brigade Headquarters 1844:Brigade Headquarters 1830:Brigade Headquarters 1816:Brigade Headquarters 1763:Brigade Headquarters 1739:Brigade Headquarters 1718:Brigade Headquarters 1692:Brigade Headquarters 1662:Brigade Headquarters 1623:Brigade Headquarters 1470:Brigade Headquarters 1459:Brigade Headquarters 1435:Brigade Headquarters 1421:Brigade Headquarters 1397:Brigade Headquarters 1377:Brigade Headquarters 1353:Brigade Headquarters 1336:Brigade Headquarters 1298:Brigade Headquarters 1278:Brigade Headquarters 1261:Brigade Headquarters 1235:Brigade Headquarters 1218:Brigade Headquarters 898:Battle of Mal Tiempo 768:Tactics and Strategy 556:, light brown means 522:Coat of arms of Cuba 444:abolition of slavery 401:Spanish–American War 313:Assembly of Guáimaro 307:and the fighters in 2467:The History of Cuba 2452:The History of Cuba 2048:. Thorndike Press. 1055:Revolutionary Party 1044:War of Independence 1038:War of Independence 540:brigadiers, one. 480:War of Independence 470:saw Majors-General 1944: 1094:José Miró Argenter 1009:military hospitals 866:Rescue of Sanguily 841:The Major-General 828:Battle of Dos Ríos 819: 683: 501: 491:Uniforms and ranks 192:possibly contains 2230:978-0-8078-5926-1 1990:Second Division: 1857:Second Division: 1705:Second Division: 1650:Infantry Regiment 1539:Second Division: 1450:Fourth Division: 1368:Second Division: 1350:Segunda Brigada: 1287:Infantry Regiment 1275:Segunda Brigada: 1270:Infantry Regiment 1252:Second Division: 1224:Infantry Regiment 1144:General Inspector 843:Ignacio Agramonte 746:thirteen colonies 718:Ignacio Agramonte 660:Winchester Rifles 631:Manuel de Quesada 456:Ignacio Agramonte 410: 409: 303:The flag used by 255: 254: 247: 237: 236: 229: 194:original research 175: 174: 167: 113: 112: 105: 54: 2533: 2494: 2493: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2462: 2456: 2455: 2447: 2438: 2437: 2411: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2351: 2342: 2341: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2315: 2306:. Archived from 2296: 2290: 2289: 2281: 2264: 2263: 2261: 2260: 2244: 2235: 2234: 2216: 2205: 2204: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2171: 2162: 2161: 2134:10.2307/41440999 2113: 2100: 2099: 2081: 2060: 2059: 2041: 2007:Second Brigade: 1974:Second Brigade: 1957:First Division: 1908:Fourth Brigade: 1874:Second Brigade: 1827:Second Brigade: 1810:First Division: 1668:Cavalry Regiment 1641:Cavalry Regiment 1613:First Division: 1574:Trocha Brigade: 1506:First Division: 1467:Second Brigade: 1432:Second Brigade: 1412:Third Division: 1394:Second Brigade: 1327:First Division: 1215:Second Brigade: 1198:First Division: 1176:Santiago de Cuba 1076:Juan Ríus Rivera 1005:Rosa Castellanos 656:Springfield 1873 652:Springfield 1861 639:Spencer Carbines 570:civil government 524:were displayed. 433: 371:Related articles 363:Active personnel 337:Service branches 301: 289: 280: 272: 260: 259: 250: 243: 232: 225: 221: 218: 212: 209:inline citations 185: 184: 177: 170: 163: 159: 156: 150: 145:this article by 136:inline citations 123: 122: 115: 108: 101: 97: 94: 88: 65: 64: 57: 46: 24: 23: 16: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2532: 2531: 2530: 2511: 2510: 2502: 2497: 2478: 2474: 2463: 2459: 2448: 2441: 2409: 2403: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2366: 2352: 2345: 2326: 2322: 2313: 2311: 2300:"Thomas Jordan" 2298: 2297: 2293: 2282: 2267: 2258: 2256: 2245: 2238: 2231: 2217: 2208: 2201: 2191:Basques in Cuba 2187: 2183: 2172: 2165: 2114: 2103: 2096: 2082: 2063: 2056: 2042: 2033: 2029: 1993:First Brigade: 1960:First Brigade: 1936: 1894:Third Brigade: 1860:First Brigade: 1841:Third Brigade: 1813:First Brigade: 1790: 1758:Sagua la Grande 1648:Serafín Sánchez 1618:Sancti Spiritus 1598: 1551:First Brigade: 1518:First Brigade: 1491: 1456:First Brigade: 1418:First Brigade: 1374:First Brigade: 1333:First Brigade: 1317: 1295:Third Brigade: 1258:First Brigade: 1232:Third Brigade: 1204:First Brigade: 1192: 1128: 1106: 1088:Quintín Bandera 1082:Serafín Sánchez 1040: 1017: 936: 931: 915: 906: 824: 779: 770: 762:Restoration War 750:events in Haiti 714: 668:Colt Lightnings 664:Krag–Jørgensens 619: 586: 564:, yellow means 493: 406: 353: 315: 292: 274: 258: 251: 240: 239: 238: 233: 222: 216: 213: 198: 186: 182: 171: 160: 154: 151: 141:Please help to 140: 124: 120: 109: 98: 92: 89: 78: 72:has an unclear 66: 62: 25: 21: 12: 11: 5: 2539: 2529: 2528: 2523: 2509: 2508: 2501: 2500:External links 2498: 2496: 2495: 2472: 2457: 2439: 2426:10.2307/120393 2397: 2371: 2364: 2343: 2320: 2291: 2265: 2253:Nostalgia Cuba 2236: 2229: 2206: 2199: 2181: 2163: 2101: 2094: 2061: 2054: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2005: 2004: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1988: 1987: 1986: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1929: 1928: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1837: 1834: 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