371:
676:
300:
692:
action is caused by the closing of the gap between the mantle line (movable) mounted on the central vertical spindle and the concave liners (fixed) mounted on the main frame of the crusher. The gap is opened and closed by an eccentric on the bottom of the spindle that causes the central vertical spindle to gyrate. The vertical spindle is free to rotate around its own axis. The crusher illustrated is a short-shaft suspended spindle type, meaning that the main shaft is suspended at the top and that the eccentric is mounted above the gear. The short-shaft design has superseded the long-shaft design in which the eccentric is mounted below the gear.
748:
crusher drives the eccentric shaft to make periodic swing movement under the shaft axis, and consequently surface of mantle approaches and leaves the surface of bowl liner now and then, so that the material is crushed due to squeezing and grinding inside the crushing chamber. The safety cylinder of the machine can ensure safety as well as lift supporting sleeve and static cone by a hydraulic system and automatically remove the blocks in the crushing chamber when the machine is suddenly stuffy. Thus the maintenance rate is greatly reduced and production efficiency is greatly improved as it can remove blocks without disassembling the machine.
1031:
721:. It is mainly used in mining, chemical industry, road and bridge construction, building, etc. As for VSC series cone crusher, there are four crushing cavities (coarse, medium, fine and superfine) to choose. Compared with the same type, VSC series cone crusher, whose combination of crushing frequency and eccentricity is the best, can make materials have higher comminution degree and higher yield. In addition, VSC series cone crusher's enhanced laminating crushing effect on material particles makes the cubic shape of crushed materials better, which increases the selling point.
311:
359:
335:
246:
certain maximum size of raw material, and often delivers its output to a screening machine which sorts and directs the product for further processing. As well as size, machines designed for each of these stages must take into account the basic methods of material size reduction; impact, compression, attrition, and cutting. Depending on the material properties and desired outcome some methods of crushing and thus machines designs may be more appropriate for the use case.
602:
323:
1008:
705:
the enclosing concave hopper, covered by a manganese concave or a bowl liner. As rock enters the top of the cone crusher, it becomes wedged and squeezed between the mantle and the bowl liner or concave. Large pieces of ore are broken once, and then fall to a lower position (because they are now smaller) where they are broken again. This process continues until the pieces are small enough to fall through the narrow opening at the bottom of the crusher.
853:(faults) throughout its structure. As rock is 'thrown' by a VSI rotor against a solid anvil, it fractures and breaks along these fissures. Final particle size can be controlled by 1) the velocity at which the rock is thrown against the anvil and 2) the distance between the end of the rotor and the impact point on the anvil. The product resulting from VSI crushing is generally of a consistent cubical shape such as that required by modern Superpave
347:
594:
659:
toggle plate and vertical movement due to the rotation of the eccentric. These two motions, when combined, lead to an elliptical jaw motion. This motion is useful as it assists in pushing the particles through the crushing chamber. This phenomenon leads to higher capacity of the single toggle jaw crushers but it also results in higher wear of the crushing jaws. These type of jaw crushers are preferred for the crushing of softer particles.
233:
key bottleneck as the volume of moved materials continued to increase following demand. This spurred numerous canal projects, inspired laying first wooden, then iron protected rails using draft animals to pull loads in the emerging bulk goods transportation dependent economy. In the coal industry, which grew as coal became the preferred fuel for smelting ores, crushing and preparation (cleaning) was performed for over a hundred years in
878:
1027:. They are manufactured with a high inertia power train, circular jaw movement and an anti-stagnation plate, which prevents large shredding pieces from getting stuck in the bucket's mouth, not allowing them to enter the crushing jaws. They have also the crushing jaws placed in a cross position. This position together with its circular motion gives these crusher buckets the faculty of grinding wet material.
370:
830:
86:
198:
Abraham Darby a century later relocated to
Bristol where he had established a building brass and bronze industry by importing Dutch workers and using them to raid Dutch techniques. Both materials were considered superior to iron for cannon, and machines as they were better understood. But Darby would change the world in several key ways.
1044:
largest variation. For instance, a 48-inch (120 cm) cone crusher manufactured in 1960 may be able to produce 170 tons/h of crushed rock, whereas the same size crusher manufactured today may produce 300 tons/h. These production improvements come from speed increases and better crushing chamber designs.
1043:
For the most part advances in crusher design have moved slowly. Jaw crushers have remained virtually unchanged for sixty years. More reliability and higher production have been added to basic cone crusher designs that have also remained largely unchanged. Increases in rotating speed have provided the
863:
VSI crushers generally utilize a high speed spinning rotor at the center of the crushing chamber and an outer impact surface of either abrasive resistant metal anvils or crushed rock. Utilizing cast metal surfaces 'anvils' is traditionally referred to as a "shoe and anvil VSI". Utilizing crushed rock
822:
773:
The HSI crushers break rock by impacting the rock with hammers that are fixed upon the outer edge of a spinning rotor. HSI machines are sold in stationary, trailer mounted and crawler mounted configurations. HSI's are used in recycling, hard rock and soft materials. In earlier years the practical use
609:
A jaw crusher uses compressive force for breaking of particle. This mechanical pressure is achieved by the two jaws of the crusher of which one is fixed while the other reciprocates. A jaw or toggle crusher consists of a set of vertical jaws, one jaw is kept stationary and is called a fixed jaw while
209:
were virtually all small enterprises except for the tin mines (driven by the price and utility of brass) and materials came out of the mines already hammered small by legions of miners who had to stuff their work into carry sacks for pack animal slinging. Concurrently, mines needed drainage resulting
150:
produced large chunks of materials, chunks originally reduced by hammering in the mine before being loaded into sacks for a trip to the surface, chunks that were eventually also to lead to rails and mine railways transporting bulk aggregations that post-mine face crushing became widely necessary. The
729:
Symons cone crusher (spring cone crusher) can crush materials of above medium hardness. And it is widely used in metallurgy, building, hydropower, transportation, chemical industry, etc. When used with jaw crusher, it can be used as secondary, tertiary or quaternary crushing. Generally speaking, the
658:
In the single toggle jaw crushers, the swing jaw is suspended on the eccentric shaft which leads to a much more compact design than that of the double toggle jaw crusher. The swing jaw, suspended on the eccentric, undergoes two types of motion- swing motion towards the fixed jaw due to the action of
633:
Jaw crushers are heavy duty machines and hence need to be robustly constructed. The outer frame is generally made of cast iron or steel. The jaws themselves are usually constructed from cast steel. They are fitted with replaceable liners which are made of manganese steel, or Ni-hard (a Ni-Cr alloyed
68:
solid surfaces, and apply sufficient force to bring the surfaces together to generate enough energy within the material being crushed so that its molecules separate from (fracturing), or change alignment in relation to (deformation), each other. The earliest crushers were hand-held stones, where the
984:
three-point loading, applied between the front tooth faces on one rotor, and rear tooth faces on the other rotor. Any lumps of material that still remain oversize, are broken as the rotors chop through the fixed teeth of the breaker bar, thereby achieving a three dimensional controlled product size.
747:
Multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher is mainly composed of main frame, eccentric shaft, crushing cone, mantle, bowl liner, adjusting device, dust ring, transmission device, bowl-shaped bearing, adjusting sleeve, hydraulic control system, hydraulic safety system, etc. The electric motor of the cone
666:
In the Dodge type jaw crushers, the jaws are farther apart at the top than at the bottom, forming a tapered chute so that the material is crushed progressively smaller and smaller as it travels downward until it is small enough to escape from the bottom opening. The Dodge jaw crusher has a variable
285:
Some crushers are mobile and can crush rocks as large as 1.5 meter (60 inches). Primarily used in-pit at the mine face these units are able to move with the large infeed machines (mainly shovels) to increase the tonnage produced. In a mobile road operation, these crushed rocks are directly combined
249:
Typically, crushing stages are followed by milling stages if the materials need to be further reduced. Additionally rock breakers are typically located next to a crusher to reduce oversize material too large for a crusher. Crushers are used to reduce particle size enough so that the material can be
197:
bought his way into the fledgling furnace company and wrested control of it, and by 1615 managed to have James I issue a proclamation forbidding the use of wood to produce glass, giving his family's extensive coal holdings a monopoly on both source and means of production for nearly half-a-century.
704:
A cone crusher is similar in operation to a gyratory crusher, with less steepness in the crushing chamber and more of a parallel zone between crushing zones. A cone crusher breaks rock by squeezing the rock between an eccentrically gyrating spindle, which is covered by a wear-resistant mantle, and
232:
being increasingly applied to mining, rock chunks from a mining face became much larger, and the blast dependent mining itself had become dependent upon an organized group, not just an individual swinging a pick. Economies of scale gradually infused industrial enterprises, while transport became a
176:
and wrought iron demanded by the new consumer classes. Other metallurgical developments such as silver and gold mining mirrored the practices and developments of the bulk material handling methods and technologies feeding the burgeoning appetite for more and more iron and glass, both of which were
155:
that fueled industrial growth from the first decade of the 1600s to the replacement of breakers in the 1970s through the fuel needs of the present day. The gradual coming of that era and displacement of the cottage industry based economies was itself accelerated first by the utility of wrought and
691:
A gyratory crusher is one of the main types of primary crushers in a mine or ore processing plant. Gyratory crushers are designated in size either by the gape and mantle diameter or by the size of the receiving opening. Gyratory crushers can be used for primary or secondary crushing. The crushing
662:
In the double toggle jaw crushers, the oscillating motion of the swing jaw is caused by the vertical motion of the pitman. The pitman moves up and down. The swing jaw closes, i.e., it moves towards the fixed jaw when the pitman moves upward and opens during the downward motion of the pitman. This
983:
The gripping: at the first stage, the material is gripped by the leading faces of opposed rotor teeth. These subject the rock to multiple point loading, inducing stress into the material to exploit any natural weaknesses. At the second stage, material is broken in tension by being subjected to a
700:
With the rapid development of mining technology, the cone crusher can be divided into four types: compound cone crusher, spring cone crusher, hydraulic cone crusher and gyratory crusher. According to different models, the cone crusher is divided into vertical shaft cone (VSC) series cone crusher
805:
Mobile Impact
Crushers: Impact crushers utilize the principle of rapid impact to crush materials, making them suitable for secondary and tertiary crushing of various rocks and minerals. Mobile Cone Crushers: Cone crushers employ a cone-shaped crushing chamber, ideal for producing finely crushed
281:
or vibrating grid controls the rate at which this material enters the crusher, and often contains a preliminary screening device which allows smaller material to bypass the crusher itself, thus improving efficiency. Primary crushing reduces the large pieces to a size which can be handled by the
245:
Mining operations use crushers, commonly classified by the degree to which they fragment the starting material, with primary and secondary crushers handling coarse materials, and tertiary and quaternary crushers reducing ore particles to finer gradations. Each crusher is designed to work with a
180:
Things only became worse when the
English figured out how to cast the more economical iron cannons (1547), following on their feat of becoming the armorers of the European continent's powers by having been leading producers of brass and bronze guns, and eventually by various acts of Parliament,
738:
Single cylinder hydraulic cone crusher is mainly composed of main frame, transmission device, eccentric shaft, bowl-shaped bearing, crushing cone, mantle, bowl liner, adjusting device, adjusting sleeve, hydraulic control system, hydraulic safety system, dust-proof ring, feed plate, etc. It is
708:
A cone crusher is suitable for crushing a variety of mid-hard and above mid-hard ores and rocks. It has the advantage of reliable construction, high productivity, better granularity and shape of finished products, easy adjustment and lower operational costs. The spring release system of a cone
133:
In industry, crushers are machines which use a metal surface to break or compress materials into small fractional chunks or denser masses. Throughout most of industrial history, the greater part of crushing and mining part of the process occurred under muscle power as the application of force
214:
and
Newcomen's early steam driven pumping systems. The deeper the mines went, the larger the demand became for better pumps, the greater the demand for iron, the greater the need for coal, the greater the demand for each. Seeing ahead clearly, Darby, sold off his brass business interests and
224:
of his fuel by copying
Brewers practices. In 1822, the pumping industries needs for larger cylinders met up with Darby's ability to melt sufficient quantities of pig iron to cast large inexpensive iron cylinders instead of costly brass ones, reducing the cost of cylinders by nine-tenths.
1055:
Due to safety requirements and the weight of the jaws, many companies and OEM providers have produced a suite of lifting tools to safely install and fit these tools into the crusher. In many countries, the lifting tool is mandatory due to legislative and policy-based safety requirements.
290:
which are then deposited on to a road surface. This removes the need for hauling oversized material to a stationary crusher and then back to the road surface. Additionally, Small/Mini
Crushers (approx 6,000 to 60,000 pound range) are portable crushers typically used by travelling from
134:
concentrated in the tip of the miners pick or sledge hammer driven drill bit. Before explosives came into widespread use in bulk mining in the mid-nineteenth century, most initial ore crushing and sizing was by hand and hammers at the mine or by water powered trip hammers in the small
683:
A gyratory crusher is similar in basic concept to a jaw crusher, consisting of a concave surface and a conical head; both surfaces are typically lined with manganese steel surfaces. The inner cone has a slight circular movement, but does not rotate; the movement is generated by an
156:
cast iron as a desired materials giving impetus to larger operations, then in the late-sixteenth century by the increasing scarcity of wood lands for charcoal production to make the newfangled window glass material that had become—along with the chimney—
730:
standard type of Symons cone crusher is applied to medium crushing. The medium type is applied to fine crushing. The short head type is applied to coarse fine crushing. As casting steel technique is adopted, the machine has good rigidity and large high strength.
798:
Mobile crushers are versatile and efficient machines designed for on-site crushing in mining and construction, offering flexibility and mobility to process materials directly at the job site. Mobile crushers are available in various types and configurations:
764:
to crush material. The material is contained within a cage, with openings on the bottom, end, or side of the desired size to allow pulverized material to escape. There are two types of impact crushers: horizontal shaft impactor and vertical shaft impactor.
626:. The volume or cavity between the two jaws is called the crushing chamber. The movement of the swing jaw can be quite small, since complete crushing is not performed in one stroke. The inertia required to crush the material is provided by a
978:
which use two rotors with large teeth, on small diameter shafts, driven at a low speed by a direct high torque drive system. This design produced three-stage breaking action which all interact when breaking materials using sizer technology.
809:
Mobile
Vertical Shaft Impact (VSI) Crushers: VSI crushers utilize a high-speed rotor with wear-resistant tips to crush materials, offering superior shaping capabilities for producing high-quality aggregates with excellent particle shape.
237:, massive noisy buildings full of conveyors, belt-powered trip-hammer crushing stages and giant metal grading/sorting grates. Like mine pumps, the internal conveyors and trip-hammers were housed within these 7—11 storey buildings.
990:
The deep scroll tooth pattern: The deep scroll conveys the larger material to one end of the machine and helps to spread the feed across the full length of the rotors. This feature can also be used to reject oversize material from the
1047:
The largest advance in cone crusher reliability has been seen in the use of hydraulics to protect crushers from being damaged when uncrushable objects enter the crushing chamber. Foreign objects, such as
219:
with its plentiful coal mines, water power and nearby ore supplies. Over that decade his foundries developed iron casting technologies and began to supplant other metals in many applications. He adapted
864:
on the outer walls of the crusher for new rock to be crushed against is traditionally referred to as "rock on rock VSI". VSI crushers can be used in static plant set-up or in mobile tracked equipment.
64:
through a material made of molecules that bond together more strongly, and resist deformation more, than those in the material being crushed do. Crushing devices hold material between two parallel or
1052:, can cause extensive damage to a cone crusher, and additional costs in lost production. The advance of hydraulic relief systems has greatly reduced downtime and improved the life of these machines.
1023:
is an attachment for hydraulic excavators. Its way of working consists on a bucket with two crushing jaws inside, one of them is fixed and the other one moves back and forth relative to it, as in a
813:
Mobile Jaw and Cone
Combination Crushers: These crushers combine the features of jaw and cone crushers, offering versatility and efficiency for processing diverse materials in various applications.
987:
The rotating screen effect: The interlaced toothed rotor design allows free flowing undersize material to pass through the continuously changing gaps generated by the relatively slow moving shafts.
688:
arrangement. As with the jaw crusher, material travels downward between the two surfaces being progressively crushed until it is small enough to fall out through the gap between the two surfaces.
849:
rather than surface force allows the breaking force to be applied evenly both across the surface of the rock as well as through the mass of the rock. Rock, regardless of size, has natural
160:
among the growing middle-class and affluence of the sixteenth-and-seventeenth centuries;and as always, the charcoal needed to smelt metals, especially to produce ever larger amounts of
837:
VSI crushers use a different approach involving a high speed rotor with wear resistant tips and a crushing chamber designed to 'throw' the rock against. The VSI crushers utilize
655:
in 1858. The Blake type jaw crusher has a fixed feed area and a variable discharge area. Blake crushers are of two types- single toggle and double toggle jaw crushers.
701:(compound cone crusher), Symons cone crusher, PY cone crusher, single cylinder hydraulic cone crusher, multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher, gyratory crusher, etc.
634:
cast iron). Jaw crushers are usually constructed in sections to ease the process transportation if they are to be taken underground for carrying out the operations.
181:
gradually banned or restricted the further cutting of trees for charcoal in larger and larger regions in the United
Kingdom. In 1611, a consortium led by courtier
860:
applications. Using this method also allows materials with much higher abrasiveness to be crushed than is capable with an HSI and most other crushing methods.
802:
Mobile Jaw
Crushers: These crushers feature a stationary jaw and a movable jaw, enabling primary crushing of materials with varying hardness and abrasiveness.
675:
667:
feed area and a fixed discharge area which leads to choking of the crusher and hence is used only for laboratory purposes and not for heavy duty operations.
291:
jobsite-to-jobsite. These small crusher may be track or wheel mounted, gas, diesel, or electrically powered, but are primarily of the Jaw Crusher variety.
189:, a furnace using coal, not precious national timber reserves, which was immediately employed in glass making. An early politically connected and wealthy
841:
rather than surface force as the predominant force to break rock. In its natural state, rock has a jagged and uneven surface. Applying surface force (
739:
applied to cement mill, mining, building construction, road &bridge construction, railway construction and metallurgy and some other industries.
129:
was an improved version of the Newcomen engine. As a result, Watt is today better known than Newcomen in relation to the origin of the steam engine.
1354:
1258:
Within a few years, however, the cost was reduced by nine-tenths as it was found cast-iron cylinders could be produced with sufficient accuracy.
1110:
310:
2287:
1824:
2297:
60:), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated. Crushing is the process of transferring a force amplified by
1990:
1307:
1158:
322:
201:
Where the Dutch had failed in casting iron, one of Darby's apprentices, John Thomas succeeded in 1707 and as Burke put it:
709:
crusher acts an overload protection that allows tramp to pass through the crushing chamber without damage to the crusher.
250:
processed into finer particles in a grinder. A typical processing line at a mine might consist of a crusher followed by a
52:
Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or
2262:
1347:
942:
1375:
1251:
961:
914:
334:
1242:(1st American Edition. 8"x10" Hard cover ed.). Viking Penguin, Inc., New York, NY, U.S.A., (1985). pp.
1138:
1454:
1449:
1340:
921:
899:
101:
in 1712, often referred to simply as a Newcomen engine, was the first practical device to harness the power of
1270:
1728:
1614:
299:
2068:
996:
358:
190:
1738:
928:
94:
1897:
2183:
1165:
by 1600, England was facing an acute timber crises, thanks largely to the increase in glass production
1030:
995:
Their primary advantage is a compact geometry and size which is valuable in mining industry, .e.g. in
2339:
2302:
1983:
1114:
910:
2028:
1153:(ninth, pbk ed.). Little, Brown and Company (North America) / Macmillan, London. p. 304.
895:
110:
27:
2267:
2257:
2252:
2128:
1501:
888:
261:
In operation, the raw material (of various sizes) is usually delivered to the primary crusher's
151:
earliest of these were in the foundries, but as coal took hold the larger operations became the
2292:
2282:
1623:
255:
251:
2272:
2158:
1791:
1759:
1710:
1511:
1363:
685:
186:
143:
1034:
This is the crushing jaws movement in a Xcentric Crusher bucket, with a patented technology.
258:. In this context, the SAG mill and ball mill are considered grinders rather than crushers.
2334:
2312:
2307:
2233:
2083:
1976:
1576:
1283:
1086:
61:
1523:
1506:
1240:
Works of Man: History of Invention and Engineering, From the Pyramids to the Space Shuttle
637:
Jaw crushers are classified on the basis of the position of the pivoting of the swing jaw
8:
2277:
2203:
2118:
1844:
1733:
1619:
1566:
1372:
663:
type is commonly used in mines due to its ability to crush tough and abrasive materials.
346:
1243:
1234:
85:
2344:
1674:
1571:
1383:
757:
274:
2163:
2138:
2088:
1871:
1609:
1402:
1247:
1154:
935:
790:, however improvements in metallurgy have changed the application of these machines.
652:
126:
74:
845:) results in unpredictable and typically non-cubical resulting particles. Utilizing
630:
that moves a shaft creating an eccentric motion that causes the closing of the gap.
2228:
1952:
1857:
1829:
1417:
1407:
857:
717:
Compound cone crusher (VSC series cone crusher) can crush materials of over medium
287:
69:
weight of the stone provided a boost to muscle power, used against a stone anvil.
1942:
1902:
1778:
1594:
1586:
1229:
1081:
774:
of HSI crushers is limited to soft materials and non abrasive materials, such as
611:
262:
106:
98:
2213:
2153:
1892:
1723:
1689:
1653:
1561:
1444:
1432:
1075:
1020:
1012:
619:
615:
194:
42:
2328:
2208:
2173:
2108:
2103:
2033:
1947:
1852:
1834:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1684:
1679:
1015:, crushing rock in a quarry, for recycling the material previously extracted.
216:
211:
610:
the other jaw called a swing jaw, moves back and forth relative to it, by a
2148:
2093:
2058:
2053:
1884:
1604:
1599:
1556:
1295:
234:
182:
152:
147:
20:
2238:
2073:
2043:
1754:
1718:
1546:
1478:
1065:
1024:
601:
221:
139:
1332:
1007:
2198:
2178:
2113:
1999:
1957:
1907:
1700:
1639:
1629:
1486:
1427:
1091:
902: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
623:
270:
266:
122:
1111:"Science Museum - Home - Atmospheric engine by Francis Thompson, 1791"
381:
The following table describes typical uses of commonly used crushers:
2223:
2218:
2193:
2168:
2048:
2015:
1799:
1764:
1634:
1518:
1461:
1070:
821:
779:
775:
593:
229:
173:
877:
647:
Universal crusher-the swing jaw is fixed at an intermediate position
56:, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock
2133:
2098:
2010:
1927:
1694:
1666:
1491:
846:
842:
838:
761:
718:
627:
278:
169:
135:
53:
2143:
2123:
2038:
1551:
1528:
1422:
854:
850:
206:
65:
38:
19:"Rock Crusher" redirects here. For the character from COPS, see
2188:
1932:
1439:
806:
aggregates and sands for construction and mining applications.
783:
768:
582:
Heavy mining, quarried materials, sand & gravel, recycling
422:
Heavy mining, quarried materials, sand & gravel, recycling
165:
118:
114:
70:
46:
1968:
2078:
1466:
1049:
787:
161:
102:
316:
Cornish stamps used in the 19th century for breaking tin ore
1937:
644:
Dodge crusher-the swing jaw is fixed at the upper position
641:
Blake crusher-the swing jaw is fixed at the lower position
16:
Machine designed to reduce large objects into smaller ones
1412:
733:
146:. It was only after explosives, and later early powerful
57:
829:
742:
203:"had given England the key to the Industrial Revolution"
93:– Valves move from open (green) to closed (red) The
328:
A portable rock crusher from the early 20th century
1233:
502:Quarried materials, sand & gravel, recycling
2326:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
825:Scheme of a VSI crusher with air-cushion support
816:
177:rare in personal possessions until the 1700s.
89:Animation of a schematic Newcomen steam engine.
1191:
1189:
1175:
1173:
1149:Connections: Alternative History of Technology
1984:
1348:
1202:
1133:
1131:
138:fired smithies and iron works typical of the
1151:" (Time Warner International/Macmillan 1978)
769:Horizontal shaft impactor (HSI) / hammermill
1883:
1186:
1170:
277:. A feeder device such as an apron feeder,
1991:
1977:
1355:
1341:
1271:"Types of Crushers: What You Need to Know"
1128:
1113:. www.sciencemuseum.org.uk. Archived from
303:Portable Close Circuit Cone Crushing Plant
1362:
1308:"Metso develops new maintenance platform"
1222:
962:Learn how and when to remove this message
507:Vertical shaft impactors (shoe and anvil)
1296:http://www.mmdsizers.com/products/sizers
1029:
1006:
828:
820:
712:
674:
600:
592:
298:
109:. Newcomen engines were used throughout
91:– Steam is shown pink and water is blue.
84:
340:The entrance bin of a mine rock crusher
2327:
734:Single cylinder hydraulic cone crusher
724:
542:Quarried materials, sand & gravel
462:Quarried materials, sand & gravel
121:, starting in the early 18th century.
1972:
1336:
1228:
1137:
743:Multi-cylinder hydraulic cone crusher
679:Ruffner Red Ore Mine gyratory crusher
597:Operation of a dodge type jaw crusher
527:Vertical shaft impactors (autogenous)
80:
77:are types of these crushing devices.
900:adding citations to reliable sources
871:
294:
1078:Australian jaw crusher manufacturer
756:Impact crushers involve the use of
670:
117:, principally to pump water out of
13:
651:The Blake crusher was patented by
618:mechanism, acting like a class II
14:
2356:
1376:Non-ferrous extractive metallurgy
1328:
1002:
867:
793:
751:
442:Heavy mining, quarried materials
240:
974:Mineral sizers are a variety of
876:
369:
357:
345:
333:
321:
309:
1998:
1300:
887:needs additional citations for
695:
436:Dry to slightly wet, not sticky
416:Dry to slightly wet, not sticky
1288:
1277:
1263:
1103:
588:
1:
1729:Bottom-blown oxygen converter
1097:
1038:
817:Vertical shaft impactor (VSI)
522:Sand & gravel, recycling
185:was granted a patent for the
997:underground hard-rock mining
142:through the early-to-middle
7:
1059:
10:
2361:
487:Horizontal shaft impactors
364:Crusher bucket in a quarry
25:
18:
2247:
2024:
2006:
1920:
1870:
1843:
1790:
1777:
1747:
1709:
1665:
1652:
1585:
1539:
1477:
1395:
1382:
1370:
482:Mine, building materials
205:. At the time, mines and
41:designed to reduce large
2288:Machine and metalworking
1455:Underground in soft rock
1450:Underground in hard rock
510:Medium hard to very hard
470:Medium hard to very hard
450:Medium hard to very hard
28:Crusher (disambiguation)
2298:Measuring and alignment
1312:www.miningmagazine.com
1035:
1016:
834:
826:
680:
606:
605:Dodge type jaw crusher
598:
536:Dry or wet, not sticky
516:Dry or wet, not sticky
496:Dry or wet, not sticky
476:Dry or wet, not sticky
456:Dry or wet, not sticky
304:
282:downstream machinery.
130:
2159:Random orbital sander
1783:(by aqueous solution)
1615:Gravity Concentration
1364:Extractive metallurgy
1147:Connections, UK ed. "
1117:on September 24, 2015
1033:
1010:
832:
824:
713:Compound cone crusher
678:
604:
596:
576:Dry or wet and sticky
556:Dry or wet and sticky
302:
273:or wheeled front-end
187:reverberatory furnace
158:'all the rage'
144:Industrial Revolution
88:
49:, sand or rock dust.
2263:Cutting and abrasive
2084:Electric motor brake
1898:Hall–Héroult process
1577:Mechanical screening
1284:Mobile Stone Crusher
1141:(1978). "Chapter 6.
1087:Scrap metal shredder
896:improve this article
62:mechanical advantage
45:into smaller rocks,
26:For other uses, see
1620:Magnetic separation
1567:Cyclonic separation
1388:(by physical means)
1373:Metallurgical assay
725:Symons cone crusher
490:Soft to medium hard
286:with concrete, and
191:Robber Baron figure
1701:Refractory linings
1572:Gyratory equipment
1384:Mineral processing
1036:
1017:
835:
827:
681:
607:
599:
305:
131:
95:atmospheric engine
81:Background history
2322:
2321:
2164:Reciprocating saw
1966:
1965:
1916:
1915:
1877:
1872:Electrometallurgy
1866:
1865:
1825:Gold chlorination
1784:
1773:
1772:
1659:
1648:
1647:
1610:Jig concentrators
1408:Natural resources
1403:Geological survey
1389:
1160:978-0-316-11681-7
1143:Fuel to the Flame
972:
971:
964:
946:
653:Eli Whitney Blake
586:
585:
570:Soft to very hard
530:Soft to very hard
513:Slightly abrasive
493:Slightly abrasive
430:Soft to very hard
427:Gyratory crushers
410:Soft to very hard
295:Types of crushers
127:Watt steam engine
2352:
2340:Mining equipment
2229:Thickness planer
1993:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1881:
1880:
1876:(by electricity)
1875:
1858:Pan amalgamation
1830:Gold cyanidation
1820:In situ leaching
1788:
1787:
1782:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1418:Economic geology
1393:
1392:
1387:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1237:
1230:Clark, Ronald W.
1226:
1220:
1213:
1200:
1193:
1184:
1177:
1168:
1167:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1107:
967:
960:
956:
953:
947:
945:
904:
880:
872:
671:Gyratory crusher
467:Compound crusher
396:Moisture content
384:
383:
373:
361:
349:
337:
325:
313:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2317:
2243:
2139:Power miter saw
2020:
2002:
1997:
1967:
1962:
1912:
1903:Castner process
1874:
1862:
1839:
1781:
1779:Hydrometallurgy
1769:
1743:
1739:IsaKidd process
1705:
1656:
1644:
1595:Froth flotation
1581:
1535:
1473:
1386:
1378:
1366:
1361:
1331:
1326:
1317:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1227:
1223:
1214:
1203:
1194:
1187:
1179:Burke, James, "
1178:
1171:
1161:
1136:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1082:Mill (grinding)
1062:
1041:
1005:
968:
957:
951:
948:
905:
903:
893:
881:
870:
819:
796:
771:
754:
745:
736:
727:
715:
698:
673:
591:
567:Crusher buckets
399:Reduction ratio
377:
374:
365:
362:
353:
350:
341:
338:
329:
326:
317:
314:
297:
243:
107:mechanical work
99:Thomas Newcomen
92:
90:
83:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2358:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2253:Types of tools
2249:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2214:Soldering iron
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:Radial arm saw
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1893:Electrowinning
1889:
1887:
1878:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1785:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1724:Parkes process
1721:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1690:Flash smelting
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1660:
1654:Pyrometallurgy
1650:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
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1583:
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1579:
1574:
1569:
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1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1433:Precious metal
1430:
1425:
1420:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1390:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1330:
1329:External links
1327:
1325:
1324:
1299:
1287:
1276:
1262:
1252:
1221:
1215:Burke, James,
1201:
1195:Burke, James,
1185:
1169:
1159:
1127:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1076:Jaques Limited
1073:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1040:
1037:
1021:crusher bucket
1013:crusher bucket
1004:
1003:Crusher bucket
1001:
993:
992:
988:
985:
970:
969:
884:
882:
875:
869:
868:Mineral sizers
866:
818:
815:
795:
794:Mobile crusher
792:
770:
767:
753:
752:Impact crusher
750:
744:
741:
735:
732:
726:
723:
714:
711:
697:
694:
672:
669:
649:
648:
645:
642:
590:
587:
584:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
564:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
547:Mineral sizers
544:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
504:
503:
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488:
484:
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468:
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431:
428:
424:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
404:
403:
400:
397:
394:
393:Abrasion limit
391:
388:
379:
378:
376:A feed crusher
375:
368:
366:
363:
356:
354:
352:Mobile crusher
351:
344:
342:
339:
332:
330:
327:
320:
318:
315:
308:
296:
293:
254:followed by a
242:
241:Industrial use
239:
195:Robert Mansell
82:
79:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2357:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
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2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
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2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:Soldering gun
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2174:Rotary hammer
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Impact wrench
2107:
2105:
2104:Impact driver
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Cutting torch
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:Angle grinder
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:Patio process
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1835:Bayer process
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1815:Tank leaching
1813:
1811:
1810:Dump leaching
1808:
1806:
1805:Heap leaching
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:Zinc smelting
1683:
1681:
1680:Lead smelting
1678:
1676:
1675:Iron smelting
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1587:Concentration
1584:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1259:
1255:
1253:9780670804832
1249:
1245:
1244:352 (indexed)
1241:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1217:"Connections"
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1197:"Connections"
1192:
1190:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1045:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1009:
1000:
998:
989:
986:
982:
981:
980:
977:
976:roll crushers
966:
963:
955:
952:November 2022
944:
941:
937:
934:
930:
927:
923:
920:
916:
913: –
912:
908:
907:Find sources:
901:
897:
891:
890:
885:This section
883:
879:
874:
873:
865:
861:
859:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
831:
823:
814:
811:
807:
803:
800:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
766:
763:
759:
749:
740:
731:
722:
720:
710:
706:
702:
693:
689:
687:
677:
668:
664:
660:
656:
654:
646:
643:
640:
639:
638:
635:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
603:
595:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
565:
562:Heavy mining
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
545:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
525:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
505:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
485:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
465:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
447:Cone crushers
446:
445:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
425:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
385:
382:
372:
367:
360:
355:
348:
343:
336:
331:
324:
319:
312:
307:
306:
301:
292:
289:
283:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
247:
238:
236:
235:coal breakers
231:
226:
223:
218:
217:Coalbrookdale
215:relocated to
213:
208:
204:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
154:
153:coal breakers
149:
148:steam shovels
145:
141:
137:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
87:
78:
76:
72:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
22:
2184:Router table
2149:Power trowel
2094:Hammer drill
2063:
2059:Concrete saw
2054:Circular saw
1885:Electrolysis
1845:Amalgamation
1600:Jameson cell
1557:Hydrocyclone
1496:
1316:. Retrieved
1314:. 2015-12-14
1311:
1302:
1294:MMD Group -
1290:
1279:
1265:
1257:
1239:
1224:
1216:
1196:
1180:
1164:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:James, Burke
1119:. Retrieved
1115:the original
1105:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1018:
994:
975:
973:
958:
949:
939:
932:
925:
918:
906:
894:Please help
889:verification
886:
862:
836:
812:
808:
804:
801:
797:
786:, weathered
772:
760:rather than
755:
746:
737:
728:
716:
707:
703:
699:
696:Cone crusher
690:
682:
665:
661:
657:
650:
636:
632:
608:
550:Hard to soft
499:10/1 to 25/1
407:Jaw crushers
380:
284:
260:
248:
244:
227:
202:
200:
183:Edward Zouch
179:
157:
132:
97:invented by
51:
34:
32:
21:Rock Krusher
2335:Power tools
2313:Woodworking
2239:Wood shaper
2234:Wood router
2074:Die grinder
2044:Belt sander
2000:Power tools
1921:Co-products
1755:Calcination
1719:Cupellation
1635:Dry washing
1624:Magnetation
1547:Ore sorting
1512:Pebble mill
1479:Comminution
1183:", page 167
1181:Connections
1066:Car crusher
1025:jaw crusher
833:VSI crusher
589:Jaw crusher
267:dump trucks
140:Renaissance
105:to produce
2329:Categories
2199:Scroll saw
2179:Rotary saw
2129:Multi-tool
2114:Jackhammer
2029:Air hammer
1958:Stamp sand
1908:Downs cell
1640:Buddle pit
1630:Rocker box
1487:Stamp mill
1428:Base metal
1396:Extraction
1318:2024-01-29
1219:, page 170
1199:, page 168
1121:2009-07-06
1098:References
1092:Stamp mill
1039:Technology
1011:This is a
922:newspapers
624:nutcracker
579:3/1 to 5/1
559:2/1 to 5/1
539:2/1 to 5/1
519:6/1 to 8/1
479:3/1 to 5/1
459:3/1 to 5/1
439:4/1 to 7/1
419:3/1 to 5/1
271:excavators
123:James Watt
2345:Recycling
2224:Table saw
2219:Steam box
2194:Screw gun
2169:Rivet gun
2049:Blowtorch
2016:Workbench
1800:Lixiviant
1765:Liquation
1658:(by heat)
1519:Ball mill
1462:Recycling
1235:"page 63"
1071:Compactor
911:"Crusher"
780:phosphate
776:limestone
686:eccentric
402:Main use
256:ball mill
230:gunpowder
207:foundries
174:cast iron
125:'s later
2268:Forestry
2258:Cleaning
2134:Nail gun
2099:Heat gun
2089:Glue gun
2011:Sawhorse
1928:Tailings
1792:Leaching
1760:Roasting
1711:Refining
1695:ISASMELT
1667:Smelting
1524:Rod mill
1507:SAG mill
1492:Arrastra
1232:(1985).
1060:See also
991:machine.
851:fissures
847:velocity
843:pressure
839:velocity
762:pressure
719:hardness
628:flywheel
573:No limit
553:Abrasive
533:No limit
473:Abrasive
453:Abrasive
433:Abrasive
413:No limit
390:Hardness
279:conveyor
252:SAG mill
170:pig iron
136:charcoal
54:recycled
2293:Masonry
2283:Kitchen
2144:Nibbler
2124:Jointer
2064:Crusher
2039:Bandsaw
1953:Red mud
1943:Clinker
1697:furnace
1605:Panning
1562:Trommel
1552:Vanning
1529:IsaMill
1502:AG mill
1497:Crusher
1445:Surface
1423:Mineral
936:scholar
858:asphalt
855:highway
288:asphalt
275:loaders
111:Britain
75:mortars
66:tangent
39:machine
35:crusher
2303:Mining
2273:Garden
2189:Sander
2119:Jigsaw
1933:Gangue
1734:Poling
1540:Sizing
1440:Mining
1250:
1157:
938:
931:
924:
917:
909:
788:shales
784:gypsum
758:impact
616:pitman
263:hopper
222:Coking
212:Savery
166:bronze
115:Europe
71:Querns
47:gravel
2308:Power
2204:Shear
2079:Drill
1748:Other
1467:Scrap
1050:steel
943:JSTOR
929:books
622:or a
620:lever
228:With
162:brass
119:mines
103:steam
43:rocks
37:is a
2278:Hand
1948:Chat
1938:Slag
1248:ISBN
1155:ISBN
915:news
387:Type
193:Sir
164:and
113:and
73:and
1413:Ore
1145:".
898:by
614:or
612:cam
265:by
210:in
58:ore
2331::
1310:.
1256:.
1246:.
1238:.
1204:^
1188:^
1172:^
1163:.
1130:^
1019:A
999:.
782:,
778:,
269:,
172:,
168:,
33:A
1992:e
1985:t
1978:v
1626:)
1622:(
1356:e
1349:t
1342:v
1321:.
1273:.
1124:.
965:)
959:(
954:)
950:(
940:·
933:·
926:·
919:·
892:.
30:.
23:.
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