173:
312:
33:
277:, by the mid-16th century, it was established that the "King in Parliament" held supreme legislative authority. However, this phrase was subject to two competing theories of interpretation. The Royalist view interpreted the phrase as "King, in Parliament"; that is, the King acting with the consent of the Lords and Commons, but ultimately exercising his own sovereign authority. The Parliamentarian view was that legislative authority was exercised by the "King-in-Parliament”, a composite institution of the King, Lords, and Commons acting together.
2886:
240:
2898:
284:, "The question that divided them was whether final, unchallengeable decision-maker was the king alone, or the King, Lords, and Commons in parliament." The dispute had implications for the ability of Parliament to limit the monarch’s powers, or "the supremacy of the King in Parliament over the King out of Parliament." The clash between the Royalist and Parliamentarian views continued through the 16th century and much of the 17th, and was a factor in the
348:
190:, "Parliament means, in the mouth of a lawyer (though the word has often a different sense in ordinary conversation), the King, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons; these three bodies acting together may be aptly described as the 'King in Parliament,' and constitute Parliament." Legal philosopher
338:
In order to act as the King-in-Parliament, the individual components must act according to their established rules and procedures. The individuals involved must be "constituted as a public institution qua
Parliament (on the basis of some rules and under certain circumstances)" in order to " the power
325:
and has application in the
Westminster system more generally. As a concept, legislative authority being exercised by the King-in-Parliament is compatible with different distributions of power among its three components. This allowed for increasing limitations on the monarch’s direct and unilateral
374:
as the legislative authority for the country, defining it as consisting of "the Queen , an Upper House styled the Senate, and the House of
Commons." The Parliament of Canada may be referred to as the King-in-Parliament, and its three-part composition is based on "the British model of legislative
428:
McHugh describes New
Zealand, like Canada, as finding the concept of Crown in Parliament (as it had previously been conceived) to be inadequate in the late 20th century. Contrasted with Canada's approach, New Zealand's response was, to " that Parliament on an electoral model of proportional
201:
described the Queen-in-Parliament as "a purely formal body consisting of the Queen sitting on her Throne with the Lords of
Parliament sitting before her and the Commons standing at the Bar." This formal gathering was historically the only process by which legislation could be enacted. The
330:, which allow money bills to be passed against the wishes of the House of Lords. Such legislation can still be understood in a constitutional sense to be an act of the King-in-Parliament, that is by the King, Lords, and Commons acting jointly as a single body known as parliament.
214:
allowed legislation to be enacted by pronunciation, without a physical gathering. The assembling of the King, Lords, and
Commons as the King-in-Parliament is now "notional rather than real", only occurring ceremonially at the annual
2572:
150:, the concept of the King in parliament applies within that specific parliament only, as each sub-national parliament is considered separate and distinct from each other and from the federal parliaments (such as
400:
narrative of an absolute sovereign self (the Crown in
Parliament)" to be inadequate. The Canadian response was to "not seek to refurbish a historical order so much as to fundamentally reorder it by adopting the
230:
by the King's most
Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows...".
2236:
39:
Opening
Parliament, 1845, by Alexander Blaikley. The Queen-in-Parliament comprises "the Queen sitting on her Throne with the Lords of Parliament sitting before her and the Commons standing at the Bar."
339:
to legislate as 'the in
Parliament' i.e., the ultimate legislature." This creates a potential paradox when determining Parliament’s ability to modify its own rules or composition.
382:
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389:(as the representative of the King) and a popularly elected legislative assembly. The concept of King-in-Parliament also applies to these sub-national legislatures.
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2410:
2405:
2400:
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1416:
879:
Davis, Louis B.Z. "Review of the Fundamentals: The Source of the Government's Authority and the Justification of Its Power, in Terms of Constitutional Morality".
2365:
1891:
77:
and is supreme over all other government institutions. The King-in-Parliament as a composite body (that is, parliament) exercises this legislative authority.
303:, which significantly limited the day-to-day powers of the monarch, including removing prerogative powers to unilaterally suspend or dispense with statutes.
1745:
326:
influence within Parliament over the 18th and 19th centuries. The influence of the House of Lords has also been significantly limited, most notably by the
1814:
1977:
1809:
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1484:
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1997:
1396:
1245:
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2002:
1685:
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1697:
1661:
1644:
402:
511:
2924:
2641:
2150:
1903:
1709:
1006:
Ekins, Richard; Gee, Graham (2022). "Ten Myths about Parliamentary Sovereignty". In Horne, A.; Thompson, L.; Yong, B. (eds.).
2668:
1559:
1017:
964:
863:
796:
762:
696:
662:
628:
524:
2782:
1970:
1716:
751:
Goldsworthy, J.D. (2000). "Chapter 2: The Development of Parliamentary Sovereignty". In Dickinson, H.T.; Lynch, M. (eds.).
422:
2865:
1668:
1632:
203:
155:
151:
17:
1855:
1728:
1509:
1230:
1212:
322:
379:, His Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows..."
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2178:
1312:
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2022:
1944:
1554:
1431:
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1240:
355:
315:
167:
2902:
2721:
2043:
1963:
1908:
1680:
1477:
1071:
489:
2944:
1934:
1918:
1692:
1656:
1126:
1110:
1939:
1704:
396:
describes Canada as having "a crisis of constitutional identity" in the later 20th century, finding "the old
327:
2817:
2631:
1835:
1639:
1514:
1142:
386:
176:
2939:
2771:
2293:
2038:
1451:
393:
216:
752:
454:
2328:
2272:
2048:
1627:
1470:
1152:
786:
172:
73:
is a concept in the constitutional law of Westminster systems that holds that parliament has absolute
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2673:
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1571:
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1406:
1147:
1103:
268:
70:
1291:
719:
2127:
2105:
1524:
1401:
1250:
1134:
321:
The concept of the King-in-Parliament holding supreme legislative authority is a core tenet of the
618:
375:
sovereignty vesting in the -in-Parliament". Canadian acts of Parliament use the enacting clause: "
2855:
2797:
2685:
2110:
2058:
2007:
1549:
1446:
898:
Horsman, Karen; Morley, Gareth (2023). "§ 1:3. The Development of the English/British Monarchy".
418:
136:
1766:
1271:
540:
259:, and, along the bottom, members of the House of Commons standing at the bar (including Speaker
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2348:
2137:
2094:
1986:
1881:
1799:
1781:
1317:
592:
414:
367:
289:
405:
limiting the power of government, the Crown in Parliament (federal and provincial) included."
194:
wrote that the Queen-in-Parliament is “considered as a single continuing legislative entity”.
1886:
211:
104:
686:
2807:
2802:
2742:
1529:
1370:
371:
140:
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8:
2747:
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88:
80:
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2033:
1539:
1493:
1441:
935:
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244:
132:
128:
56:
48:
44:
32:
2737:
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2075:
1913:
1845:
1840:
1375:
1365:
1340:
1281:
1013:
960:
859:
792:
758:
692:
658:
624:
520:
311:
285:
100:
1871:
1850:
918:
McHugh, P.G. "Tales of Constitutional Origin and Crown Sovereignty in New Zealand".
83:
passed by the houses are sent to the sovereign or their representative (such as the
2651:
2333:
2298:
2288:
1876:
1426:
1296:
1052:
927:
828:
359:
124:
108:
84:
2732:
2678:
1789:
1380:
1355:
1220:
1095:
1007:
954:
652:
252:
223:
180:
120:
1043:
Eleftheriadis, Pavlos (2009). "Parliamentary Sovereignty and the Constitution".
239:
67:) and the legislative houses – acting together to enact legislation.
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1579:
1360:
1345:
1172:
256:
119:
The concept of the Crown as a part of parliament is related to the idea of the
36:
1056:
2918:
2890:
2792:
2695:
2069:
1421:
1072:"Some Observations on the Queen, the Crown, the Constitution, and the Courts"
198:
191:
2262:
1604:
1436:
1322:
1286:
1197:
96:
1012:. Hart Studies in Constitutional Law. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 299.
107:, which can be made by executive officers of the Crown such as through an
2283:
1955:
1804:
1609:
1594:
1411:
1235:
1202:
1187:
260:
74:
2317:
2053:
1584:
1177:
1167:
1157:
248:
187:
147:
60:
939:
840:
754:
The Challenge to Westminster: Sovereignty, Devolution and Independence
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1501:
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92:
1619:
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135:
of government, developed in England and used in countries in the
64:
131:
of government are fused together. This is a key concept of the
2021:
222:
The composition of the King-in-Parliament is reflected in the
385:
are constitutionally defined as consisting of the province's
295:
The Parliamentarian position ultimately prevailed with the
234:
691:. Politics today. Manchester University Press. p. 3.
139:
and beyond. It is in contradistinction to the idea of the
952:
956:
Text, Cases and Materials on Public Law and Human Rights
475:
Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution
2263:
Amendments and other constitutional documents 1867–1982
55:(Queen-in-Parliament during the reign of a queen) is a
2845:
2770:
2347:
2136:
989:
Canadian Journal of Administrative Law & Practice
788:
The Sovereignty of Parliament: History and Philosophy
623:. Clarendon law series. Clarendon Press. p. 66.
2550:
Part II – Rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada
987:
Rowe, Malcolm. "The History of Administrative Law".
487:
1815:
The Canadian Crown and Indigenous peoples of Canada
780:
778:
776:
774:
746:
744:
742:
740:
1125:
953:Fenwick, H.; Phillipson, G.; Williams, A. (2020).
2916:
2566:Part III – Equalization and regional disparities
2358:Part I – Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1810:The Canadian Crown and the Canadian Armed Forces
1038:
1036:
771:
737:
678:
853:
2070:Report on the Affairs of British North America
568:"Guide to Making Federal Acts and Regulations"
533:
307:Balance of power within the King-in-Parliament
1971:
1772:Advisory Committee on Vice-Regal Appointments
1478:
1111:
1042:
1033:
897:
477:(8th ed.). London: Macmillan. p. 3.
519:. Government of Canada. 2015. p. XVII.
2064:Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada
784:
750:
712:
2023:Pre-Confederation constitutional documents
1985:
1978:
1964:
1485:
1471:
1118:
1104:
881:Journal of Parliamentary and Political Law
791:. Clarendon Press. pp. 9, 53, 65–69.
566:Office, Privy Council (13 December 2017).
448:
446:
444:
442:
2720:
1045:Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence
913:
911:
909:
226:of acts of the British Parliament with: "
59:concept that refers to the components of
1005:
847:
506:
504:
502:
452:
346:
310:
299:(1688–89) and subsequent passing of the
243:Opening of Parliament in 1523, from the
238:
235:Development of parliamentary sovereignty
179:in the House of Lords, c. 1708–1714, by
171:
31:
2339:Kitchen Accord/Night of the Long Knives
2232:Fines and penalties for provincial laws
946:
891:
657:. Oxford University Press. p. 56.
650:
468:
466:
439:
333:
27:Legal concept in the Westminster system
14:
2917:
1492:
906:
900:Government Liability: Law and Practice
684:
644:
565:
2844:
2769:
2719:
2669:Individual ministerial responsibility
2618:
2315:
2261:
2092:
2020:
1959:
1466:
1099:
999:
856:Constitutional and Administrative Law
499:
472:
358:, grants royal assent to laws in the
210:to stand in for the monarch, and the
186:According to constitutional scholar
2237:Matters of a local or private nature
854:Phillips, O.H.; Jackson, P. (1987).
819:Edlin, Douglas E. "Rule Britannia".
616:
463:
423:New Zealand House of Representatives
2866:Constitution Act (British Columbia)
858:. Sweet & Maxwell. p. 45.
610:
490:"Chapter 5: The King in Parliament"
204:Royal Assent by Commission Act 1541
114:
99:in order to enact them into law as
24:
2935:Constitution of the United Kingdom
2846:Provincial constitutions of Canada
2772:Interpretation of the Constitution
1510:Monarchy in the Canadian provinces
1069:
917:
541:"Definition of KING-IN-PARLIAMENT"
323:Constitution of the United Kingdom
25:
2961:
2637:Cabinet collective responsibility
2179:Peace, order, and good government
2093:
1079:Centre for Constitutional Studies
920:University of Toronto Law Journal
878:
821:University of Toronto Law Journal
818:
161:
2897:
2896:
2884:
1998:List of constitutional documents
1945:Debate on the monarchy in Canada
1241:Head of the British Armed Forces
986:
383:Canada's provincial legislatures
316:2023 State Opening of Parliament
168:Parliament of the United Kingdom
146:In Commonwealth realms that are
63: – the sovereign (or
2619:
1063:
980:
872:
812:
2316:
2106:Charlottetown Conference, 1864
2003:Amendments to the Constitution
1935:Canadian Secretary to the King
1919:Canadian Coronation Contingent
1640:Lieutenant governors in Canada
1127:Monarchy in the United Kingdom
585:
559:
481:
408:
403:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
103:. An Act may also provide for
13:
1:
2925:Australian constitutional law
2753:Other unsuccessful amendments
1940:History of monarchy in Canada
720:"The Wriothesley Garter book"
432:
328:Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949
2818:Interjurisdictional immunity
2642:Disallowance and reservation
2294:Statute of Westminster, 1931
757:. Tuckwell. pp. 12–21.
251:) on his throne, the seated
7:
2194:Matters excepted from s. 92
217:State Opening of Parliament
10:
2966:
2783:Indigenous self-government
2273:British North America Acts
2059:Constitutional Act of 1791
2049:Royal Proclamation of 1763
2044:Constitution of New France
1628:Governor General of Canada
785:Goldsworthy, J.D. (1999).
488:House of Commons Library.
459:. Penguin. pp. 66–68.
266:
165:
2878:
2851:
2840:
2778:
2765:
2728:
2715:
2691:Parliamentary sovereignty
2632:At His Majesty's pleasure
2627:
2614:
2581:
2565:
2549:
2356:
2324:
2311:
2268:
2257:
2227:Administration of justice
2222:Property and civil rights
2202:
2169:
2101:
2088:
2029:
2016:
1993:
1927:
1864:
1823:
1780:
1767:Territorial Commissioners
1618:
1570:
1500:
1389:
1331:
1305:
1264:
1211:
1133:
1057:10.1017/S0841820900004690
342:
269:Parliamentary sovereignty
247:. Depicted are the King (
71:Parliamentary sovereignty
65:vice-regal representative
2128:Fathers of Confederation
2008:Quasi-constitutional law
1452:King's Official Birthday
1251:Head of the Commonwealth
959:. Taylor & Francis.
2950:Monarchy of New Zealand
2856:Constitution of Alberta
2798:Equal authenticity rule
2686:Parliamentary privilege
2123:London Conference, 1866
2111:Quebec Conference, 1864
1865:Ceremonial and symbolic
1447:Royal Christmas Message
593:"Meetings & Orders"
453:Jennings, Ivor (1967).
366:Section 17 of Canada's
245:Wriothesley Garter Book
197:Constitutional scholar
137:Commonwealth of Nations
2861:Constitution of Quebec
2813:Implied Bill of Rights
2647:Responsible government
2349:Constitution Act, 1982
2329:Fulton–Favreau formula
2299:Newfoundland Act, 1949
2289:Saskatchewan Act, 1905
2217:Works and undertakings
2138:Constitution Act, 1867
1987:Constitution of Canada
1318:Speech from the throne
1009:Parliament and the Law
724:Royal Collection Trust
456:The Queen's Government
415:New Zealand Parliament
368:Constitution Act, 1867
363:
318:
290:execution of Charles I
264:
183:
40:
2945:Monarchy of Australia
2722:Constitutional debate
2034:Iroquois constitution
1246:Defender of the Faith
827:(Summer, 2002): 313.
654:Constitutional Reform
617:Hart, H.L.A. (1972).
350:
314:
242:
212:Royal Assent Act 1967
175:
105:secondary legislation
35:
2743:Charlottetown Accord
2039:Mi'kmaq constitution
926:(Winter, 2002): 69.
887:(August, 2014): 489.
651:Brazier, R. (1998).
473:Dicey, A.V. (1915).
372:Parliament of Canada
334:Rules and procedures
288:(1642-1651) and the
141:separation of powers
2748:Calgary Declaration
2146:Canadian federalism
1351:Hillsborough Castle
1051:(July, 2009): 267.
685:Adonis, A. (1993).
387:lieutenant governor
301:Bill of Rights 1689
297:Glorious Revolution
282:Jeffrey Goldsworthy
208:Lords Commissioners
123:, meaning that the
89:lieutenant-governor
49:Commonwealth realms
18:Crown-in-Parliament
2940:Monarchy of Canada
2828:Dialogue principle
2788:Pith and substance
2657:King-in-Parliament
2582:Part VII – General
2279:Manitoba Act, 1870
2184:Trade and commerce
2116:Quebec Resolutions
2054:Quebec Act of 1774
1836:Crown corporations
1795:King-in-Parliament
1494:Monarchy in Canada
1442:Duchy of Lancaster
1226:King-in-Parliament
1070:Newman, Warren J.
995:(March, 2021): 87.
902:. Thomson Reuters.
620:The Concept of Law
364:
319:
265:
184:
156:Canadian provinces
133:Westminster system
129:legislative branch
101:acts of Parliament
57:constitutional law
53:King-in-Parliament
45:Westminster system
41:
2912:
2911:
2891:Canada portal
2874:
2873:
2836:
2835:
2761:
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2738:Meech Lake Accord
2711:
2710:
2701:Royal prerogative
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2306:
2284:Alberta Act, 1905
2253:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2084:
2083:
2076:Act of Union 1840
1953:
1952:
1914:Thrones of Canada
1856:Royal commissions
1800:King-on-the-Bench
1460:
1459:
1407:Scottish monarchs
1376:Sandringham House
1371:St James's Palace
1366:Kensington Palace
1341:Buckingham Palace
1231:King-on-the-Bench
1019:978-1-5099-3411-9
966:978-1-135-07133-2
865:978-0-421-35030-4
798:978-0-19-826893-2
764:978-1-86232-152-6
698:978-0-7190-3978-2
664:978-0-19-876524-0
630:978-0-19-876072-6
547:. 23 October 2023
526:978-1-100-20079-8
513:A Crown of Maples
429:representation."
354:, accompanied by
286:English Civil War
152:Australian states
16:(Redirected from
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2899:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2842:
2841:
2823:Purposive theory
2767:
2766:
2717:
2716:
2652:Fusion of powers
2616:
2615:
2354:
2353:
2345:
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2334:Victoria Charter
2313:
2312:
2259:
2258:
2167:
2166:
2134:
2133:
2090:
2089:
2018:
2017:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1877:Crown Collection
1487:
1480:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1432:Monarchy records
1427:Royal collection
1402:English monarchs
1297:Grace and favour
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996:
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688:Parliament Today
682:
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479:
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461:
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417:consists of the
378:
370:establishes the
280:As described by
229:
125:executive branch
121:fusion of powers
115:Fusion of powers
109:order in council
85:governor-general
21:
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2733:Triple-E Senate
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2679:Question Period
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2080:
2025:
2012:
1989:
1984:
1954:
1949:
1923:
1909:Title and style
1904:Special address
1860:
1831:Crown copyright
1819:
1790:King-in-Council
1776:
1614:
1566:
1496:
1491:
1461:
1456:
1385:
1381:Balmoral Castle
1356:Holyrood Palace
1327:
1301:
1272:Crown copyright
1260:
1221:King-in-Council
1207:
1129:
1124:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1074:
1068:
1064:
1041:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1004:
1000:
985:
981:
971:
969:
967:
951:
947:
916:
907:
896:
892:
877:
873:
866:
852:
848:
817:
813:
803:
801:
799:
783:
772:
765:
749:
738:
728:
726:
718:
717:
713:
703:
701:
699:
683:
679:
669:
667:
665:
649:
645:
635:
633:
631:
615:
611:
601:
599:
591:
590:
586:
576:
574:
564:
560:
550:
548:
545:Merriam-Webster
539:
538:
534:
527:
516:
510:
509:
500:
492:
486:
482:
471:
464:
451:
440:
435:
411:
376:
360:Canadian Senate
356:Queen Elizabeth
345:
336:
309:
271:
253:Lords Spiritual
237:
227:
224:enacting clause
181:Peter Tillemans
170:
164:
117:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2894:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2713:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2674:Interpellation
2671:
2666:
2664:Implied repeal
2661:
2660:
2659:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2208:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1846:King's Printer
1843:
1841:King's Consent
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1782:Constitutional
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1506:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1361:Clarence House
1358:
1353:
1348:
1346:Windsor Castle
1343:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1292:King's printer
1289:
1284:
1282:King's Consent
1279:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1213:Constitutional
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1062:
1032:
1018:
998:
979:
965:
945:
932:10.2307/825928
905:
890:
871:
864:
846:
833:10.2307/825998
811:
797:
770:
763:
736:
711:
697:
677:
663:
643:
629:
609:
584:
558:
532:
525:
498:
480:
462:
437:
436:
434:
431:
410:
407:
392:Legal scholar
377:Now, therefore
352:King George VI
344:
341:
335:
332:
308:
305:
267:Main article:
236:
233:
163:
162:United Kingdom
160:
116:
113:
37:Queen Victoria
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2962:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:Law of Canada
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2905:
2904:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2793:Double aspect
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2696:Reserve power
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2203:Powers under
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2095:Confederation
2091:
2087:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Royal symbols
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1872:Chapels Royal
1870:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:Royal charter
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:HMY Britannia
1420:
1418:
1417:King's flight
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Royal warrant
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1002:
994:
990:
983:
968:
962:
958:
957:
949:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:
912:
910:
901:
894:
886:
882:
875:
867:
861:
857:
850:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
815:
800:
794:
790:
789:
781:
779:
777:
775:
766:
760:
756:
755:
747:
745:
743:
741:
725:
721:
715:
700:
694:
690:
689:
681:
666:
660:
656:
655:
647:
632:
626:
622:
621:
613:
598:
597:Privy Council
594:
588:
573:
572:www.canada.ca
569:
562:
546:
542:
536:
528:
522:
515:
514:
507:
505:
503:
495:. p. 32.
491:
484:
476:
469:
467:
458:
457:
449:
447:
445:
443:
438:
430:
426:
424:
420:
416:
406:
404:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
373:
369:
362:, 19 May 1939
361:
357:
353:
349:
340:
331:
329:
324:
317:
313:
304:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
270:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
232:
228:Be it enacted
225:
220:
218:
213:
209:
205:
200:
199:Ivor Jennings
195:
193:
192:H. L. A. Hart
189:
182:
178:
174:
169:
159:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
76:
72:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:used in many
46:
38:
34:
30:
19:
2901:
2882:
2656:
2189:Criminal law
2170:Powers under
1897:2000–present
1805:King's peace
1794:
1605:Elizabeth II
1437:Crown Estate
1323:Royal Maundy
1287:Royal assent
1236:King's peace
1225:
1198:Elizabeth II
1082:. Retrieved
1078:
1065:
1048:
1044:
1023:. Retrieved
1008:
1001:
992:
988:
982:
970:. Retrieved
955:
948:
923:
919:
899:
893:
884:
880:
874:
855:
849:
824:
820:
814:
802:. Retrieved
787:
753:
727:. Retrieved
723:
714:
702:. Retrieved
687:
680:
668:. Retrieved
653:
646:
634:. Retrieved
619:
612:
600:. Retrieved
596:
587:
575:. Retrieved
571:
561:
549:. Retrieved
544:
535:
512:
483:
474:
455:
427:
412:
391:
381:
365:
337:
320:
294:
279:
272:
221:
196:
185:
145:
118:
97:royal assent
79:
69:
52:
42:
29:
2808:Living tree
2803:Paramountcy
2621:Conventions
2275:, 1867–1982
2161:Section 125
2156:Section 121
1887:Royal tours
1610:Charles III
1595:Edward VIII
1412:Royal train
1203:Charles III
1188:Edward VIII
409:New Zealand
394:Paul McHugh
261:Thomas More
148:federations
75:sovereignty
2919:Categories
2318:Patriation
2205:Section 92
2172:Section 91
1585:Edward VII
1333:Residences
1313:Coronation
1306:Ceremonial
1178:Edward VII
1168:William IV
1158:George III
433:References
249:Henry VIII
188:A.V. Dicey
177:Queen Anne
166:See also:
61:parliament
2212:Licensing
1892:1786–1999
1600:George VI
1502:The Crown
1256:The Crown
1193:George VI
1163:George IV
1153:George II
2903:Category
2366:Preamble
2151:Preamble
1620:Viceroys
1590:George V
1580:Victoria
1572:Monarchs
1183:George V
1173:Victoria
1148:George I
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93:governor
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1397:History
1390:Related
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517:(PDF)
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91:, or
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