242:
51:
1005:
1033:
1019:
1203:
Alfarouk, Khalid O.; AlHoufie, Sari T. S.; Ahmed, Samrein B. M.; Shabana, Mona; Ahmed, Ahmed; Alqahtani, Saad S.; Alqahtani, Ali S.; Alqahtani, Ali M.; Ramadan, AbdelRahman M.; Ahmed, Mohamed E.; Ali, Heyam S.; Bashir, Adil; Devesa, Jesus; Cardone, Rosa A.; Ibrahim, Muntaser E.; Schwartz, Laurent;
356:
were generally of limited interest to the wider scientific community, until the appearance of SARS. Human coronaviruses were discovered in the 1960s, through a variety of experiments in the United States and the United
Kingdom. A common origin in human coronaviruses is bats.
2875:"Discovery of Seven Novel Mammalian and Avian Coronaviruses in the Genus Deltacoronavirus Supports Bat Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus and Avian Coronaviruses as the Gene Source of Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus"
2794:"Discovery of seven novel Mammalian and avian coronaviruses in the genus deltacoronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus"
2554:
Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Chu, Chung-ming; Chan, Kwok-hung; Tsoi, Hoi-wah; Huang, Yi; Wong, Beatrice H. L.; Poon, Rosana W. S.; Cai, James J.; Luk, Wei-kwang; Poon, Leo L. M. (2005).
2686:
Huynh, Jeremy; Li, Shimena; Yount, Boyd; Smith, Alexander; Sturges, Leslie; Olsen, John C.; Nagel, Juliet; Johnson, Joshua B.; Agnihothram, Sudhakar; Gates, J. Edward; Frieman, Matthew B. (2012).
2873:
Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Lam, Carol S. F.; Lau, Candy C. Y.; Tsang, Alan K. L.; Lau, John H. N.; Bai, Ru; Teng, Jade L. L.; Tsang, Chris C. C.; Wang, Ming; Zheng, Bo-Jian (2012).
2841:
2532:
1528:... This appearance, recalling the solar corona, is shared by mouse hepatitis virus and several viruses recently recovered from man, namely strain B814, 229E and several others.
3019:
Lau, Susanna K.P.; Luk, Hayes K.H.; Wong, Antonio C.P.; Li, Kenneth S.M.; Zhu, Longchao; He, Zirong; Fung, Joshua; Chan, Tony T.Y.; Fung, Kitty S.C.; Woo, Patrick C.Y. (2020).
905:
736:
880:
1959:
Tao, Ying; Shi, Mang; Chommanard, Christina; Queen, Krista; Zhang, Jing; Markotter, Wanda; Kuzmin, Ivan V.; Holmes, Edward C.; Tong, Suxiang (1 March 2017).
3087:
1155:
2989:
2672:
2386:
1297:
957:
1292:
909:
901:
344:
722:
2848:
2493:
1666:
Specifically, all HCoVs are thought to have a bat origin, with the exception of lineage A beta-CoVs, which may have reservoirs in rodents .
2792:
Woo, PC; Lau, SK; Lam, CS; Lau, CC; Tsang, AK; Lau, JH; Bai, R; Teng, JL; Tsang, CC; Wang, M; Zheng, BJ; Chan, KH; Yuen, KY (April 2012).
2516:
1265:
1260:
1961:"Surveillance of Bat Coronaviruses in Kenya Identifies Relatives of Human Coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and Their Recombination History"
3102:
2364:
1590:
228:
2743:
Woo, P.C.; Lau, S.K.; Lam, C.S.; Lai, K.K.; Huang, Y.; Lee, P.; Luk, G.S.; Dyrting, K.C.; Chan, K.H.; Yuen, K.Y. (2008).
462:
17:
1809:
2556:"Characterization and Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Coronavirus, Coronavirus HKU1, from Patients with Pneumonia"
1911:
2745:"Comparative analysis of complete genome sequences of three avian coronaviruses reveals a novel group 3c coronavirus"
714:
285:
296:. As of 2021, 45 species are registered as coronaviruses, whilst 11 diseases have been identified, as listed below.
872:
289:
1301:
605:
1480:
Almeida JD, Berry DM, Cunningham CH, Hamre D, Hofstad MS, Mallucci L, McIntosh K, Tyrrell DA (November 1968).
539:
657:
2997:
2129:"Growth in suckling-mouse brain of "IBV-like" viruses from patients with upper respiratory tract disease"
757:
408:
273:
153:
1140:
Palmenberg AC, Spiro D, Kuzmickas R, Wang S, Djikeng A, Rathe JA, Fraser-Liggett CM, Liggett SB (2009).
334:
221:
2070:
Cheever, F. Sargent; Daniels, Joan B.; Pappenheimer, Alwin M.; Bailey, Orville T. (31 August 1949).
1612:
1886:
Binn, L. N.; Lazar, E. C.; Keenan, K. P.; Huxsoll, D. L.; Marchwicki, R. H.; Strano, A. J. (1974).
1524:
here is also a characteristic "fringe" of projections 200 A long, which are rounded or petal shaped
1070:
949:
849:
425:
82:
2457:
2072:"A murine virus (JHM) causing disseminated encephalomyelitis with extensive destruction of myelin"
50:
3082:
1142:"Sequencing and Analyses of All Known Human Rhinovirus Genomes Reveals Structure and Evolution"
1093:"Safety and Efficacy of antiviral drugs against covid-19 infection: an updated systemic review"
812:
780:
569:
493:
326:
200:
1466:
2842:"ECDC Rapid Risk Assessment – Severe respiratory disease associated with a novel coronavirus"
2666:
2380:
1454:
366:
241:
2930:
Zhou, P.; Yang, X. L.; Wang, X. G.; Hu, B.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.; et al. (March 2020).
1933:
2945:
2140:
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214:
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8:
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2017:
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60:
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1993:
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1481:
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1232:
1205:
1180:
1141:
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693:
665:
635:
276:
that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses in humans include some cases of the
2590:
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2128:
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2227:
2209:
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1998:
1980:
1903:
1895:
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1852:
1801:
1793:
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1718:
1702:
1657:
1586:
1446:
1434:
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1237:
1185:
1146:
1126:
1114:
981:
926:
415:
370:
195:
169:
2360:
1872:
1542:"The chronicles of coronaviruses: the bronchitis, the hepatitis and the common cold"
3048:
3032:
2961:
2953:
2936:
2902:
2886:
2813:
2805:
2764:
2756:
2715:
2699:
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2413:
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2158:
2148:
2099:
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2029:
1988:
1972:
1844:
1749:
1694:
1647:
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1578:
1553:
1513:
1503:
1418:
1227:
1217:
1175:
1167:
1104:
1063:
1049:
339:
135:
77:
67:
2572:
1888:"Recovery and characterization of a coronavirus from military dogs with diarrhea"
1354:
1056:
1038:
72:
2631:
1582:
1379:
2932:"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin"
2473:
2133:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1848:
1486:
1328:
1024:
1010:
833:
381:
314:
300:
2957:
2417:
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1643:
3076:
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2711:
2640:
2581:
2528:
2481:
2425:
2344:
2287:
2213:
2095:
2041:
1984:
1899:
1856:
1797:
1763:
1706:
1558:
1541:
1430:
1118:
763:
433:
352:
321: 'garland, wreath, crown'. It was coined by Tony Waterson (professor of
304:
261:
190:
161:
2033:
1781:
1171:
3062:
3036:
2975:
2916:
2827:
2778:
2729:
2658:
2599:
2517:"Scientists trace 2002 Sars virus to colony of cave-dwelling bats in China"
2443:
2305:
2264:"Porcine epidemic diarrhea: A retrospect from Europe and matters of debate"
2231:
2153:
2113:
2049:
2002:
1887:
1832:
1805:
1661:
1438:
1323:
1241:
1189:
529:
330:
2336:
2172:
1907:
1892:
Proceedings, Annual
Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association
1864:
1722:
1422:
1109:
2890:
2809:
2760:
2703:
2352:
2186:
Forni, Diego; Cagliani, Rachele; Clerici, Mario; Sironi, Manuela (2017).
2087:
1976:
486:
277:
257:
102:
42:
3021:"Possible Bat Origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2"
2688:"Evidence supporting a zoonotic origin of human coronavirus strain NL63"
1406:
1222:
309:
1754:
1737:
1714:
1682:
337:, the founding fathers of coronavirus studies, and was first used in a
281:
2402:"Current Status of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) in European Pigs"
1508:
1091:
Al-Juhaishi, Atheer Majid Rashid; Aziz, Noor D. (12 September 2022).
827:
795:
588:
455:
1698:
1004:
987:
618:
389:
322:
293:
117:
31:
2069:
350:
The first coronavirus disease was discovered in the late 1920s.
1287:
895:
751:
682:
584:
480:
265:
975:
402:
253:
1405:
Group, British
Medical Journal Publishing (6 January 1979).
1202:
1139:
1018:
1479:
523:
519:
449:
445:
441:
269:
112:
107:
2321:"An apparently new syndrome of porcine epidemic diarrhoea"
2185:
1625:
2262:
Pensaert, Maurice B.; Martelli, Paolo (2 December 2016).
1626:
Forni D, Cagliani R, Clerici M, Sironi M (January 2017).
511:
30:
For the disease involved in the pandemic since 2019, see
2613:
Abdul-Rasool, Sahar; Fielding, Burtram C (25 May 2010).
2400:
Antas, Marta; WoĹşniakowski, Grzegorz (24 October 2019).
2127:
McIntosh, K; Becker, WB; Chanock, RM (24 October 1967).
345:
International
Committee for the Nomenclature of Viruses
1885:
1786:
Journal of the
American Veterinary Medical Association
280:(which is also caused by other viruses, predominantly
2126:
1958:
1573:
Monto AS (1984). "Coronaviruses". In Evans AS (ed.).
737:
severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus
299:
Coronaviruses are known for their shape resembling a
2612:
1000:
881:
Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus
1156:
2188:"Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes"
1736:Bushnell, L. D.; Brandly, C. A. (1 January 1933).
1683:"Coronaviruses, a New Group of Animal RNA Viruses"
1628:"Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes"
272:. In humans and birds, the group of viruses cause
2685:
2399:
303:, such as that of the Sun visible during a total
3074:
2261:
1380:"The woman who discovered the first coronavirus"
1298:International Union of Microbiological Societies
1735:
1090:
958:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
2929:
2022:JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute
1830:
1779:
1293:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
621:in 1972 and 1978, 2010, 2013, 2014, and 2015.
2671:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
2553:
2385:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
723:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
222:
3018:
2872:
2791:
2742:
2015:
1539:
2615:"Understanding Human Coronavirus HCoV-NL63"
2018:"Pathology of Infection with the JHM Virus"
3088:Syndromes affecting the respiratory system
2244:Oldham, J (1972). "Letter to the editor".
1261:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
229:
215:
3052:
2965:
2906:
2817:
2768:
2719:
2648:
2630:
2589:
2571:
2433:
2295:
2221:
2203:
2162:
2152:
2103:
1992:
1782:"A transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs"
1753:
1651:
1557:
1517:
1507:
1231:
1221:
1206:"Pathogenesis and Management of COVID-19"
1179:
1108:
284:), while more lethal varieties can cause
240:
1831:Wolfe, L. G.; Griesemer, R. A. (1966).
1780:Doyle, L. P.; Hutchings, L. M. (1946).
14:
3075:
1680:
1676:
1674:
343:article in 1968, with approval by the
2535:from the original on 10 December 2017
2514:
2367:from the original on 21 December 2020
2016:Pappenheimer, Alwin M. (1 May 1958).
1914:from the original on 21 December 2020
1812:from the original on 21 December 2020
1775:
1773:
1572:
1404:
2318:
2076:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
2496:from the original on 2 October 2020
1671:
1204:Reshkin, Stephan J. (21 May 2021).
463:Transmissible gastroenteritis virus
329:) in a meeting with his colleagues
24:
2847:. 19 February 2013. Archived from
2458:"A Chronicle on the SARS Epidemic"
1770:
1304:from the original on 20 March 2020
1268:from the original on 11 April 2020
1097:Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal
25:
3114:
2990:"WHO | Novel Coronavirus – China"
2515:McKie, Robin (10 December 2017).
1577:. Springer US. pp. 151–165.
715:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
1031:
1017:
1003:
940:Discovered in Hong Kong, China.
873:Middle East respiratory syndrome
863:Discovered in Hong Kong, China.
245:Structural view of a coronavirus
49:
3103:Coronavirus-associated diseases
3012:
2982:
2923:
2866:
2834:
2785:
2736:
2679:
2606:
2547:
2508:
2450:
2393:
2312:
2255:
2238:
2179:
2120:
2063:
2009:
1952:
1926:
1879:
1833:"Feline infectious peritonitis"
1824:
1729:
1619:
1566:
1533:
1473:
606:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
367:Coronavirus infection in humans
2468:(4): 12–15. July–August 2003.
2406:Journal of Veterinary Research
2280:10.1016/j.virusres.2016.05.030
1934:"COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic"
1738:"Laryngotracheitis in Chicks*"
1398:
1372:
1347:
1316:
1280:
1248:
1196:
1133:
1084:
475:Infects pigs, cats, and dogs.
260:subfamily, a group of related
13:
1:
2573:10.1128/JVI.79.2.884-895.2005
2319:Wood, E. N. (19 March 1977).
1077:
658:Feline infectious peritonitis
3025:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2462:Chinese Law & Government
1256:"Common Human Coronaviruses"
274:respiratory tract infections
27:List of Coronavirus diseases
7:
2632:10.2174/1874357901004010076
1583:10.1007/978-1-4684-4727-9_7
996:
990:, horseshoe bats, or both.
409:Avian infectious bronchitis
10:
3119:
2635:(inactive 12 April 2024).
2474:10.2753/CLG0009-4609360412
2339:(inactive 12 April 2024).
1849:10.1177/030098586600300309
1575:Viral Infections of Humans
364:
29:
2958:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
2619:The Open Virology Journal
2418:10.2478/jvetres-2019-0064
2205:10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.001
1644:10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.001
1482:"Virology: Coronaviruses"
986:Possibly originated from
927:Porcine coronavirus HKU15
832:Possibly originated from
762:Possibly originated from
583:Possibly originated from
510:Possibly originated from
1559:10.33493/scivis.20.01.04
963:SARS‑CoV‑2
950:Coronavirus disease 2019
850:Bulbul coronavirus HKU11
732:SARS‑CoV‑1
2252:(October Suppl): 72–73.
1540:Lalchhandama K (2020).
1172:10.1126/science.1165557
758:2002–2004 SARS outbreak
360:
264:that cause diseases in
148:Epidemics and pandemics
3037:10.3201/eid2607.200092
2192:Trends in Microbiology
2154:10.1073/pnas.58.6.2268
1837:Pathologia Veterinaria
1632:Trends in Microbiology
1324:"Definition of corona"
1210:Journal of Xenobiotics
855:BulbulCoV‑HKU11
813:Human coronavirus NL63
781:Human coronavirus HKU1
570:Human coronavirus OC43
494:Human coronavirus 229E
246:
201:History of coronavirus
2337:10.1136/vr.100.12.243
2034:10.1093/jnci/20.5.879
1423:10.1136/bmj.1.6155.45
1110:10.55940/medphar20226
376:Coronavirus diseases
365:Further information:
244:
2891:10.1128/JVI.06540-11
2810:10.1128/JVI.06540-11
2761:10.1128/jvi.01977-08
2704:10.1128/JVI.00906-12
2088:10.1084/jem.90.3.181
1977:10.1128/JVI.01953-16
1407:"Medicine and Books"
900:Caused outbreaks in
313:is derived from
250:Coronavirus diseases
2950:2020Natur.579..270Z
2879:Journal of Virology
2698:(23): 12816–12825.
2692:Journal of Virology
2560:Journal of Virology
2145:1967PNAS...58.2268M
1965:Journal of Virology
1681:Estola, T. (1970).
1500:1968Natur.220..650.
1223:10.3390/jox11020006
1164:2009Sci...324...55P
932:PorCov‑HKU15
548:John Howard Mueller
377:
347:three years later.
327:St Thomas' Hospital
18:Coronavirus disease
3000:on 23 January 2020
1755:10.3382/ps.0120055
1465:has generic name (
953:(COVID‑19)
694:Bovine coronavirus
666:Feline coronavirus
636:Canine coronavirus
591:cattle to humans.
540:murine coronavirus
506:(isolated in 1965)
471:(isolated in 1965)
394:Year of Discovery
375:
247:
2944:(7798): 270–273.
2325:Veterinary Record
1592:978-1-4684-4727-9
994:
993:
982:COVID-19 pandemic
416:Avian coronavirus
371:Novel coronavirus
239:
238:
196:Novel coronavirus
174:
166:
158:
16:(Redirected from
3110:
3067:
3066:
3056:
3031:(7): 1542–1547.
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2996:. Archived from
2986:
2980:
2979:
2969:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2910:
2885:(7): 3995–4008.
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2821:
2804:(7): 3995–4008.
2789:
2783:
2782:
2772:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2723:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2662:
2652:
2634:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2593:
2575:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2454:
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2447:
2437:
2397:
2391:
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2384:
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2372:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2259:
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2236:
2235:
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2207:
2183:
2177:
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2166:
2156:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2107:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1883:
1877:
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1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1757:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1678:
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1668:
1655:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1596:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1511:
1509:10.1038/220650b0
1477:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1450:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
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1376:
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1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1284:
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1273:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1112:
1088:
1071:Deltacoronavirus
1064:Gammacoronavirus
1050:Alphacoronavirus
1041:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1008:
1007:
967:SARSr‑CoV
898:, Saudi Arabia.
818:HCoV‑NL63
786:HCoV‑HKU1
742:SARSr‑CoV
575:HCoV‑OC43
507:
499:HCoV‑229E
472:
429:
378:
374:
231:
224:
217:
172:
164:
156:
136:COVID-19 vaccine
83:Deltacoronavirus
78:Gammacoronavirus
68:Alphacoronavirus
53:
39:
38:
21:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3073:
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3017:
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3001:
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2835:
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2737:
2684:
2680:
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2611:
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2538:
2536:
2513:
2509:
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2456:
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2451:
2398:
2394:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2368:
2331:(12): 243–244.
2317:
2313:
2260:
2256:
2243:
2239:
2184:
2180:
2125:
2121:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2014:
2010:
1957:
1953:
1943:
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1932:
1931:
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1917:
1915:
1894:(78): 359–366.
1884:
1880:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1778:
1771:
1742:Poultry Science
1734:
1730:
1699:10.2307/1588476
1679:
1672:
1624:
1620:
1608:
1607:
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1597:
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1452:
1451:
1417:(6155): 45–50.
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1386:. 14 April 2020
1378:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1334:Behind the Word
1322:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1264:. 27 May 2020.
1254:
1253:
1249:
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1197:
1138:
1134:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1057:Betacoronavirus
1039:Medicine portal
1037:
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1009:
1002:
999:
985:
979:
965:), a strain of
899:
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842:Chinese bulbuls
834:tricolored bats
831:
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728:SARS‑CoV
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2854:on 31 May 2013
2833:
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2735:
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2605:
2566:(2): 884–895.
2546:
2507:
2449:
2412:(4): 465–470.
2392:
2311:
2268:Virus Research
2254:
2237:
2178:
2139:(6): 2268–73.
2119:
2082:(3): 181–194.
2062:
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2008:
1951:
1940:. 6 April 2020
1925:
1878:
1843:(3): 255–270.
1823:
1769:
1728:
1693:(2): 330–336.
1687:Avian Diseases
1670:
1618:
1591:
1565:
1546:Science Vision
1532:
1472:
1397:
1371:
1346:
1329:Dictionary.com
1315:
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1025:Viruses portal
1014:
1011:Biology portal
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974:Discovered in
972:
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792:
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764:horseshoe bats
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1359:europepmc.org
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382:Host organism
380:
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358:
355:
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353:Coronaviridae
348:
346:
342:
341:
336:
335:David Tyrrell
332:
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324:
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316:
312:
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305:solar eclipse
302:
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191:Coronaviridae
189:
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47:
44:
43:Coronaviruses
41:
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37:
33:
19:
3028:
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3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2998:the original
2993:
2984:
2941:
2935:
2925:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2856:. Retrieved
2849:the original
2836:
2801:
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2787:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2667:cite journal
2622:
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2608:
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2549:
2537:. Retrieved
2521:The Observer
2520:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2465:
2461:
2452:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2381:cite journal
2369:. Retrieved
2328:
2324:
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2271:
2267:
2257:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2198:(1): 35–48.
2195:
2191:
2181:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2053:. Retrieved
2025:
2021:
2011:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1937:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1891:
1881:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1789:
1785:
1748:(1): 55–60.
1745:
1741:
1731:
1690:
1686:
1665:
1638:(1): 35–48.
1635:
1631:
1621:
1574:
1568:
1552:(1): 43–53.
1549:
1545:
1535:
1523:
1491:
1485:
1475:
1455:cite journal
1414:
1410:
1400:
1388:. Retrieved
1383:
1374:
1362:. Retrieved
1358:
1355:"Europe PMC"
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:
1327:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1291:
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1259:
1250:
1216:(2): 77–93.
1213:
1209:
1198:
1151:
1145:
1135:
1103:(2): 45–55.
1100:
1096:
1086:
1069:
1062:
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966:
962:
956:
948:
931:
925:
920:
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692:
687:
670:
664:
656:
640:
634:
629:
604:
599:
574:
568:
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544:M‑CoV
543:
535:
530:Encephalitis
528:
498:
492:
485:
461:
454:
414:
407:
351:
349:
338:
331:June Almeida
318:
308:
298:
282:rhinoviruses
249:
248:
95:
36:
2246:Pig Farming
1792:: 257–259.
1609:|work=
1463:|last=
1308:21 December
980:Caused the
807:Common cold
775:Common cold
756:Caused the
564:Common cold
487:Common cold
278:common cold
262:RNA viruses
258:coronavirus
157:(2002–2004)
103:Common cold
3077:Categories
3004:29 October
2539:29 October
2371:8 November
2055:8 November
1944:29 October
1918:8 November
1816:8 November
1339:29 October
1332:. Section
1288:"Taxonomy"
1272:29 October
1078:References
3093:Pneumonia
3045:1080-6040
2899:0022-538X
2712:1098-5514
2641:1874-3579
2625:: 76–84.
2582:0022-538X
2529:0029-7712
2490:219305114
2482:0009-4609
2426:2450-7393
2345:0042-4900
2288:0168-1702
2214:0966-842X
2096:0022-1007
2042:0027-8874
1985:1098-5514
1900:0082-8750
1857:0031-2975
1798:0003-1488
1764:0032-5791
1707:0005-2086
1611:ignored (
1601:cite book
1447:220232641
1431:0007-1447
1158:: 55–59.
1127:252960321
1119:2957-6067
988:pangolins
978:, China.
921:Enteritis
828:Amsterdam
798:, China.
796:Hong Kong
754:, China.
688:Enteritis
630:Enteritis
619:outbreaks
600:Enteritis
456:Enteritis
3098:Zoonoses
3063:32315281
2976:32015507
2917:22278237
2858:22 April
2828:22278237
2779:18971277
2749:J. Virol
2730:22993147
2659:20700397
2600:15613317
2533:Archived
2494:Archived
2444:31934654
2365:Archived
2361:45192183
2306:27317168
2232:27743750
2114:18137294
2050:13539633
2003:28077633
1912:Archived
1873:12930790
1810:Archived
1806:21020443
1662:27743750
1439:21009845
1411:Br Med J
1384:BBC News
1302:Archived
1266:Archived
1242:34063739
1190:19213880
1154:(5923).
997:See also
697:(BCV or
428:in 1938)
426:isolated
397:Details
390:Pathogen
386:Disease
323:virology
294:COVID-19
185:See also
170:COVID-19
130:Vaccines
118:COVID-19
96:Diseases
32:COVID-19
3054:7323513
2967:7095418
2946:Bibcode
2908:3302495
2819:3302495
2798:J Virol
2770:2612373
2721:3497669
2650:2918871
2500:12 June
2435:6950429
2297:7132433
2274:: 1–6.
2223:7111218
2173:4298953
2141:Bibcode
2105:2135905
1994:5309958
1908:4377955
1865:5958991
1723:4316767
1715:1588476
1653:7111218
1519:7086490
1496:Bibcode
1390:19 July
1364:19 July
1233:8163157
1181:3923423
1160:Bibcode
1147:Science
945:Humans
876:(MERS)
868:Humans
803:Humans
771:Humans
718:(SARS)
710:Humans
617:Caused
609:(PEDV)
587:, then
585:rodents
560:Humans
536:MHV-JHM
466:(TGEV)
266:mammals
256:in the
254:viruses
3061:
3051:
3043:
2974:
2964:
2937:Nature
2915:
2905:
2897:
2826:
2816:
2777:
2767:
2728:
2718:
2710:
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2591:538593
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2161:
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1855:
1804:
1796:
1762:
1721:
1713:
1705:
1660:
1650:
1589:
1526:
1516:
1487:Nature
1445:
1437:
1429:
1240:
1230:
1188:
1178:
1125:
1117:
908:, and
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